[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:18":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":24,"key_elements":11,"impurities":25,"cim":26,"ima_status":27,"ima_notes":30,"ima_history":32,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":33,"discovery_year":11,"strunz10ed1":34,"strunz10ed2":35,"strunz10ed3":36,"strunz10ed4":37,"dana8ed1":38,"dana8ed2":38,"dana8ed3":38,"dana8ed4":38,"csystem":39,"cclass":40,"spacegroup":41,"spacegroupset":42,"a":43,"b":44,"c":45,"alpha":38,"beta":46,"gamma":38,"aerror":47,"berror":47,"cerror":47,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":47,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":48,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":49,"tranglide":11,"parting":50,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":11,"tlform":11,"hmin":40,"hmax":51,"hardtype":52,"vhnmin":38,"vhnmax":38,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":53,"dmeas2":54,"dcalc":55,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":56,"lustretype":57,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":58,"streak":59,"colour":60,"commentcolor":61,"colors":62,"streak_colors":69,"luminescence":70,"uv":11,"cleavage":71,"cleavagetype":72,"fracturetype":73,"tenacity":74,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":75,"opticalsign":76,"opticalalpha":77,"opticalalpha2":78,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":79,"opticalbeta2":80,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":81,"opticalgamma2":82,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":38,"opticalomega2":38,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":38,"opticalepsilon2":38,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":38,"opticaln2":38,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":83,"optical2vcalc2":84,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":85,"optical2vmeasured2":86,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":87,"rimax":88,"opticaldispersion":89,"opticalpleochroism":90,"opticalpleochorismdesc":91,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":92,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":93,"aboutname":94,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":95,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":96,"group_members":102,"associates":110,"confused_with":175,"type_localities":176,"occurrence_total":177,"citations":178,"images":354,"structures":589,"synonyms":616,"language_names":637,"wikidata_qid":883,"texts":884},18,"1:1:18:1","9da4cbdd-d812-4356-9c6a-17c80f718da6","Actinolite","Act",0,"mineral",null,52952,19768,false,"◻Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg\u003Csub>4.5-2.5\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csub>0.5-2.5\u003C\u002Fsub>)Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","◻Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg\u003Csub>4.5-2.5\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>0.5-2.5\u003C\u002Fsub>)Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",[18,19,20,21,22,23],"Ca","Fe","Mg","Si","O","H",[18,19,20,21,22,23],"Mn,Al,Na,K,Ti","14.23.2",[28,29],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED",[31],"REDEFINED","Redefined by IMA in 2012 (special procedure).",1794,"9","D","E","10","0","Monoclinic",5,11,"C2\u002Fm ","9.891","18.200","5.305","104.64",1,2,"simple or lamellar, common parallel {100}; lamellar,  less common parallel {001}","on {100}",6,3,"3.03","3.24","3.07","Vitreous","Vitreous,Silky","Transparent,Translucent","White","Green, green-black, grey-green, or black","Colourless, pale green to deep green in thin section.",[63,64,65,66,67,68],"green","black","gray","white","yellow","blue",[66],"Nonfluorescent","on {110}","Distinct\u002FGood","Splintery","brittle","Biaxial","-","1.613","1.646","1.624","1.656","1.636","1.666","78","82","79","86",1.613,1.666,"r \u003C v","Weak","X= pale yellow, yellowish green\r\nY= pale yellow-green, green\r\nZ= pale green, deep greenish blue","Produced by low-grade regional or contact metamorphism of magnesium carbonate, mafic, or ultramafic rocks; Also in glaucophane-bearing blueschists.  \r\n\r\nOccurs in many localities. In Austria, on Mt. Greiner, Zillertal, and at Untersulzbachtal. From Zermatt, Valais, Switzerland. At Snarum and Arendal, Norway. From the Ural Mountains, Russia. In the USA, from Gouverneur, St. Lawrence Co., New York; Franklin and Newton, Sussex Co., New Jersey; Chester, Windsor Co., Vermont; in the Fairfax quarry, Centreville, Fairfax Co., Virginia; Crestmore, Riverside Co., California; at Salida, Chaffee Co., Colorado. Nephrite jade occurs, in the USA, south and east of Lander, Fremont Co., Wyoming; north from Cape San Martin, Monterey Co., California; and around Jade Mountain, near the Kobuk River, Alaska. Along the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada. Around Mt. Cook, South Island, New Zealand. Fine material from the Kunlun Mountains, Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous Region, China.","Actinolite  is an intermediate member Actinolite-Tremolite Series.  Tremolite is defined as having an Mg\u002F(Mg+Fe2+) ratio ≥ 0.9; actinolite has a ratio of 0.5–0.9 and ferro-actinolite has a ratio of less than 0.5. The name actinolite has been retained f...","Named in 1794 by Richard Kirwan from the Greek ακτίνα (\"aktina\") for \"ray\" and λίθος (\"lithos\") for \"stone\" in allusion to the fibrous nature of the original specimens. \r\nType locality not known.","2026-03-28 15:54:07",[97],{"id":98,"name":99,"entrytype":48,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":100,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":38,"dcalc":38,"primary_image_id":101},11016,"Smaragdite","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg,Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Cr)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",79865,[103],{"id":104,"name":105,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":106,"mindat_formula":107,"hmin":40,"hmax":51,"dmeas":54,"dcalc":108,"primary_image_id":109},1505,"Ferro-actinolite","◻Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg\u003Csub>2.5-0.0\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2.5-5.0\u003C\u002Fsub>)Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","◻Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.34",54614,[111,120,128,136,144,151,160,168],{"id":112,"name":113,"entrytype":9,"csystem":114,"ima_formula":115,"mindat_formula":115,"hmin":51,"hmax":116,"dmeas":117,"dcalc":118,"primary_image_id":119},96,"Albite","Triclinic","Na(AlSi\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>)",6.5,"2.6","2.615",549,{"id":121,"name":122,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":123,"mindat_formula":124,"hmin":40,"hmax":51,"dmeas":125,"dcalc":126,"primary_image_id":127},1170,"Cummingtonite","◻Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","◻Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.1","3.3",51346,{"id":129,"name":130,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":131,"mindat_formula":131,"hmin":132,"hmax":116,"dmeas":133,"dcalc":134,"primary_image_id":135},1294,"Diopside","CaMgSi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>",5.5,"3.22","3.278",29614,{"id":137,"name":138,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":139,"mindat_formula":140,"hmin":51,"hmax":51,"dmeas":141,"dcalc":142,"primary_image_id":143},1389,"Epidote","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]O(OH)","(CaCa)(AlAlFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)O[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)","3.38","3.43",92,{"id":145,"name":146,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":147,"mindat_formula":147,"hmin":40,"hmax":51,"dmeas":148,"dcalc":149,"primary_image_id":150},1704,"Glaucophane","◻Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.08","3.123",8721,{"id":152,"name":153,"entrytype":9,"csystem":154,"ima_formula":155,"mindat_formula":156,"hmin":157,"hmax":157,"dmeas":125,"dcalc":158,"primary_image_id":159},2353,"Lawsonite","Orthorhombic","CaAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",7.5,"3.09",14142,{"id":161,"name":162,"entrytype":9,"csystem":39,"ima_formula":163,"mindat_formula":164,"hmin":132,"hmax":132,"dmeas":165,"dcalc":166,"primary_image_id":167},3309,"Pumpellyite-(Mg)","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>MgAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>MgAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>[Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>OH][SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>](OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","3.18","3.20",20158,{"id":169,"name":170,"entrytype":9,"csystem":114,"ima_formula":171,"mindat_formula":171,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":172,"dcalc":173,"primary_image_id":174},3875,"Talc","Mg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.58","2.78",13217,[],[],3731,[179,182,186,191,196,201,206,210,214,218,222,227,232,236,241,246,251,255,260,264,268,272,277,282,286,291,295,300,305,310,315,320,325,330,335,339,344,349],{"id":180,"year":33,"html":181,"doi":11},16131691,"Richard Kirwan (1794) \u003Ci>Elements of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> - second edition Vol. 1. P. Elmsly, The Strand.",{"id":183,"year":184,"html":185,"doi":11},519136,1923,"Washington, H. S., Merwin, H. E. (1923) Note on enstatite, hypersthene and actinolite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  8 (4) 63-66 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM8\u002FAM8_63.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":187,"year":188,"html":189,"doi":190},466626,1955,"Zussman, J. (1955) The crystal structure of an actinolite. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  8 (6) 301-308 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x55000959'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x55000959\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x55000959",{"id":192,"year":193,"html":194,"doi":195},467419,1956,"Hutton, C. O. (1956) The composition of an actinolite. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  9 (3) 231-232 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x56000668'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x56000668\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x56000668",{"id":197,"year":198,"html":199,"doi":200},924950,1959,"SHIDO, Fumiko (1959) Notes on Rock-Forming Minerals (8) Chemical, Optical and X-Ray Data on a Tremolite and Three Actinolites. \u003Ci>The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan\u003C\u002Fi>,  65 (768) 563-565 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5575\u002Fgeosoc.65.563'>doi:10.5575\u002Fgeosoc.65.563\u003C\u002Fa>","10.5575\u002Fgeosoc.65.563",{"id":202,"year":203,"html":204,"doi":205},1156362,1961,"Brownlow, A. H. (1961) Variation in composition of biotite and actinolite from nonmineralic contact bands near Westfield, Massachusetts. \u003Ci>American Journal of Science\u003C\u002Fi>,  259 (5) 353-370 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2475\u002Fajs.259.5.353'>doi:10.2475\u002Fajs.259.5.353\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2475\u002Fajs.259.5.353",{"id":207,"year":208,"html":209,"doi":11},525513,1970,"Wilkins, R. W. T. (1970) Iron-magnesium distribution in the tremolite-actinolite series. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  55 (11-12) 1993-1998 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM55\u002FAM55_1993.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":211,"year":212,"html":213,"doi":11},525749,1971,"Burns, Roger G., Greaves, Colin (1971) Correlations of infrared and Mössbauer site population measurements of actinolites. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  56 (11-12) 2010-2033 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM56\u002FAM56_2010.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":215,"year":212,"html":216,"doi":217},11332348,"GREAVES, C., BURNS, R. G., BANCROFT, G. M. (1971) Resolution of Actinolite Mössbauer Spectra into Three Ferrous Doublets. \u003Ci>Nature Physical Science\u003C\u002Fi>, 229. 60-61 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fphysci229060a0'>doi:10.1038\u002Fphysci229060a0\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1038\u002Fphysci229060a0",{"id":219,"year":212,"html":220,"doi":221},108201,"Mitchell, J. T., Bloss, F. D., Gibbs, G. V. (1971) Examination of the actinolite structure and four other \u003Ci>C\u003C\u002Fi>2\u002F\u003Ci>m\u003C\u002Fi> amphiboles in terms of double bonding. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  133 (133). 273-300 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1971.133.16.273'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1971.133.16.273\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1971.133.16.273",{"id":223,"year":224,"html":225,"doi":226},266022,1972,"Hashimoto, Mitsuo (1972) Reactions producing actinolite in basic metamorphic rocks. \u003Ci>Lithos\u003C\u002Fi>,  5 (1) 19-31 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0024-4937(72)90077-1'>doi:10.1016\u002F0024-4937(72)90077-1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0024-4937(72)90077-1",{"id":228,"year":229,"html":230,"doi":231},179854,1982,"SMITH, R. E., PERDRIX, J. L., PARKS, T. C. (1982) Burial Metamorphism in the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia. \u003Ci>Journal of Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  23 (1) 75-102 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fpetrology\u002F23.1.75'>doi:10.1093\u002Fpetrology\u002F23.1.75\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1093\u002Fpetrology\u002F23.1.75",{"id":233,"year":234,"html":235,"doi":11},16100322,1983,"Hawthorne, Frank C. (1983) The crystal chemistry of the amphiboles. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  21 (2) 173-480",{"id":237,"year":238,"html":239,"doi":240},162485,1985,"ISHIDA, Kiyotaka (1985) On the coexistence of manganoan actinolite and tirodite from the manganese ore deposits, Japan. \u003Ci>Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Japan\u003C\u002Fi>,  17 (1) 1-8 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fgkk1952.17.1'>doi:10.2465\u002Fgkk1952.17.1\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp\u002Farticle\u002Fgkk1952\u002F17\u002F1\u002F17_1_1\u002F_pdf\u002F-char\u002Fja\u002F' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fgkk1952.17.1",{"id":242,"year":243,"html":244,"doi":245},179635,1987,"OBA, T., YAGI, K. (1987) Phase Relations on the Actinolite-Pargasite Join. \u003Ci>Journal of Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  28 (1) 23-36 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fpetrology\u002F28.1.23'>doi:10.1093\u002Fpetrology\u002F28.1.23\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1093\u002Fpetrology\u002F28.1.23",{"id":247,"year":248,"html":249,"doi":250},76264,1988,"Terabayashi, Masaru (1988) Actinolite-forming reaction at low pressure and the role of Fe2+-Mg substitution. \u003Ci>Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  100 (3) 268-280 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00379738'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00379738\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00379738",{"id":252,"year":253,"html":254,"doi":11},529262,1992,"Mustard, John F. (1992) Chemical analysis of actinolite from reflectance spectra. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  77 (3-4) 345-358 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM77\u002FAM77_345.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":256,"year":257,"html":258,"doi":259},81865,1993,"SHINJOE, Hironao, MAKINO, Kuniaki, TOMITA, Katsutoshi, BANNO, Shohei (1993) Symmetry of actinolite in low grade metamorphic rock and its implication for the problem of the compositional gap between actinolite and hornblende. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Journal\u003C\u002Fi>,  16 (6) 297-305 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fminerj.16.297'>doi:10.2465\u002Fminerj.16.297\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fminerj.16.297",{"id":261,"year":262,"html":263,"doi":11},16099752,1997,"Leake, B. E.; Woolley, A. R.; Arps, C. E. S.; Birch, W. D.; Gilbert, M. C.; Grice, J. D.; Hawthorne, F. C.; Kato, A.; Kisch, H. J.; Krivovichev, V. G.; et al. (1997) Nomenclature of amphiboles: Report of the Subcommittee on Amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  82. 1019-1037 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol82\u002FAM82_1019.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":265,"year":266,"html":267,"doi":11},12909050,1998,"Mandarino, Joseph A. (1998) The Second List of Additions and Corrections to the Glossary of Mineral Species (1995) - The Amphibole Group. \u003Ci>The Mineralogical Record\u003C\u002Fi>, 29 (3) 169-174",{"id":269,"year":266,"html":270,"doi":271},393774,"Evans, Bernard W., Yang, Hexiong (1998) Fe-Mg order-disorder in tremolite-actinolite-ferro-actinolite at ambient and high temperature. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  83 (5) 458-475 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-1998-5-606'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-1998-5-606\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol83\u002FAM83_458.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-1998-5-606",{"id":273,"year":274,"html":275,"doi":276},19366475,1999,"Sarma, L. P.; Parthasarathy, G. (1999) Thermal Decomposition of Natural Actinolite: A High Temperature Electrical Resistivity Study. \u003Ci>Journal Geological Society of India\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (5). 571-578 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.17491\u002Fjgsi\u002F1999\u002F530505'>doi:10.17491\u002Fjgsi\u002F1999\u002F530505\u003C\u002Fa>","10.17491\u002Fjgsi\u002F1999\u002F530505",{"id":278,"year":279,"html":280,"doi":281},394282,2000,"Verkouteren, Jennifer R., Wylie, Ann G. (2000) The tremolite-actinolite-ferro–actinolite series: Systematic relationships among cell parameters, composition, optical properties, and habit, and evidence of discontinuities. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  85 (9) 1239-1254 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2000-8-917'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2000-8-917\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol85\u002FAM85_1239.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2000-8-917",{"id":283,"year":284,"html":285,"doi":11},16962542,2001,"(2001) Actinolite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Factinolite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":287,"year":288,"html":289,"doi":290},394620,2002,"Ishida, Kiyotaka, Hawthorne, Frank C., Ando, Yumi (2002) Fine structure of infrared OH-stretching bands in natural and heat-treated amphiboles of the tremolite-ferro-actinolite series. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  87 (7) 891-898 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2002-0712'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2002-0712\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2002-0712",{"id":292,"year":288,"html":293,"doi":294},394642,"Verkouteren, Jennifer R., Wylie, Ann G. (2002) Anomalous optical properties of fibrous tremolite, actinolite, and ferro-actinolite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  87 (8) 1090-1095 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2002-8-905'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2002-8-905\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2002-8-905",{"id":296,"year":297,"html":298,"doi":299},16387252,2004,"Gopal, N.O, Narasimhulu, K.V, Rao, J.L (2004) EPR, optical, infrared and Raman spectral studies of Actinolite mineral. \u003Ci>Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 60 (11) 2441-2448 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2003.12.021'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2003.12.021\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2003.12.021",{"id":301,"year":302,"html":303,"doi":304},395280,2005,"Driscall, J. (2005) Cation ordering in synthetic low-calcium actinolite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  90 (5) 900-911 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2005.1655'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2005.1655\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2005.1655",{"id":306,"year":307,"html":308,"doi":309},64226,2006,"Hawthorne, F. C., Oberti, R. (2006) On the classification of amphiboles. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  44 (1) 1-21 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.44.1.1'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.44.1.1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.44.1.1",{"id":311,"year":312,"html":313,"doi":314},177683,2008,"Lledo, Haroldo L., Jenkins, David M. (2008) Experimental Investigation of the Upper Thermal Stability of Mg-rich Actinolite; Implications for Kiruna-Type Iron Deposits. \u003Ci>Journal of Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  49 (2) 225-238 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fpetrology\u002Fegm078'>doi:10.1093\u002Fpetrology\u002Fegm078\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1093\u002Fpetrology\u002Fegm078",{"id":316,"year":317,"html":318,"doi":319},298179,2014,"Critelli, T., Marini, L., Schott, J., Mavromatis, V., Apollaro, C., Rinder, T., De Rosa, R., Oelkers, E.H. (2014) Dissolution rates of actinolite and chlorite from a whole-rock experimental study of metabasalt dissolution from 2 ≤ pH ≤ 12 at 25 °C. \u003Ci>Chemical Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  390. 100-108 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.chemgeo.2014.10.013'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.chemgeo.2014.10.013\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.chemgeo.2014.10.013",{"id":321,"year":322,"html":323,"doi":324},478274,2015,"Zhang, Xuetong, Zhang, Ronghua, Hu, Shumin (2015) Experimental study of dissolution rates of actinolite in CaCl2–HCl–H2O up to 400°C. \u003Ci>Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  110. 201-220 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jseaes.2015.02.020'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.jseaes.2015.02.020\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.jseaes.2015.02.020",{"id":326,"year":327,"html":328,"doi":329},7452714,2018,"Lahondère, Didier, Cagnard, Florence, Wille, Guillaume, Duron, Jéromine, Misseri, Maxime (2018) TEM and FESEM characterization of asbestiform and non-asbestiform actinolite fibers in hydrothermally altered dolerites (France). \u003Ci>Environmental Earth Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>, 77 (10).  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs12665-018-7549-5'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs12665-018-7549-5\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs12665-018-7549-5",{"id":331,"year":332,"html":333,"doi":334},7736171,2019,"Bersani, Danilo, Andò, Sergio, Scrocco, Laura, Gentile, Paolo, Salvioli-Mariani, Emma, Fornasini, Laura, Lottici, Pier Paolo (2019) Composition of Amphiboles in the Tremolite–Ferro–Actinolite Series by Raman Spectroscopy. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  9 (8). 491 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin9080491'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin9080491\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F2075-163X\u002F9\u002F8\u002F491\u002Fpdf?version=1566297787' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin9080491",{"id":336,"year":332,"html":337,"doi":338},10017680,"Bloise, Andrea (2019) Thermal behaviour of actinolite asbestos. \u003Ci>Journal of Materials Science\u003C\u002Fi>, 54. 11784-11795 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10853-019-03738-8'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs10853-019-03738-8\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs10853-019-03738-8",{"id":340,"year":341,"html":342,"doi":343},14044586,2020,"Militello, Gaia M., Sanguineti, Elisa, Gonzàlez, Adrián Yus, Gaggero, Laura (2020) Asbestos amphiboles: effects of comminution on tremolite and actinolite regulated and unregulated fibres. \u003Ci>Episodes\u003C\u002Fi>,  43 (3). 909-918 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.18814\u002Fepiiugs\u002F2020\u002F0200s09'>doi:10.18814\u002Fepiiugs\u002F2020\u002F0200s09\u003C\u002Fa>","10.18814\u002Fepiiugs\u002F2020\u002F0200s09",{"id":345,"year":346,"html":347,"doi":348},15516364,2022,"Rösche, Constanze, Waeselmann, Naemi, Petrova, Nadia, Malcherek, Thomas, Schlüter, Jochen, Mihailova, Boriana (2022) Oxidation processes and thermal stability of actinolite. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>, 49 (12)  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-022-01223-4'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-022-01223-4\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-022-01223-4",{"id":350,"year":351,"html":352,"doi":353},17074013,2024,"Pieczka, Adam, Stachowicz, Marcin, Zelek-Pogudz, Sylwia, Gołębiowska, Bożena, Sęk, Mateusz, Nejbert, Krzysztof, Kotowski, Jakub, Marciniak-Maliszewska, Beata, Szuszkiewicz, Adam, Szełęg, Eligiusz, Stadnicka, Katarzyna M., Woźniak, Krzysztof (2024) Scandian actinolite from Jordanów Śląski, Lower Silesia, Poland: Compositional evolution, crystal structure, and genetic implications. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  109 (1) 174-183 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8786'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8786\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8786",[355,362,372,382,391,400,406,416,425,434,442,451,460,470,479,488,495,504,512,519,527,535,544,552,560,568,576,584],{"id":356,"source_url":357,"license_code":358,"credit_html":359,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":360,"original_height":361},28994,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114987","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114987\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,666,{"id":363,"source_url":364,"license_code":365,"credit_html":366,"title":367,"description":368,"author":369,"original_width":370,"original_height":371},31127,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1317844","CC BY-SA 3.0","Manfred Mader, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1317844\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aktinolith Finnland.JPG","Aktinolith_Finnland","Manfred Mader",709,573,{"id":373,"source_url":374,"license_code":375,"credit_html":376,"title":377,"description":378,"author":379,"original_width":380,"original_height":381},144,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8264256","CC BY-SA 4.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8264256\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Actinolite Portugal.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FActinolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Actinolite\">Actinolite\u003C\u002Fa> (acicular form) with calcite\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality :  Montijos Quarry, Monte Redondo, Leiria, Leiria District, Portugal.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size  8x7.5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",3179,2889,{"id":383,"source_url":384,"license_code":365,"credit_html":385,"title":386,"description":387,"author":388,"original_width":389,"original_height":390},31128,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=4785648","Eurico Zimbres; Zimbres, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=4785648\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Actinolite cut.jpg","Actinolite cut from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Gem cutting by Afonso Marques","Eurico Zimbres; Zimbres",423,283,{"id":392,"source_url":393,"license_code":375,"credit_html":394,"title":395,"description":396,"author":397,"original_width":398,"original_height":399},146,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132570202","Bobjgalindo, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132570202\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","An actinolite from Oregon coast.jpg","Curry county.","Bobjgalindo",1600,1200,{"id":401,"source_url":402,"license_code":375,"credit_html":403,"title":404,"description":405,"author":397,"original_width":398,"original_height":399},147,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132570216","Bobjgalindo, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132570216\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Actinolite from Oregon coast.jpg","Curry county",{"id":407,"source_url":408,"license_code":409,"credit_html":410,"title":411,"description":412,"author":413,"original_width":414,"original_height":415},31129,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9392273","CC BY 3.0","John Sobolewski (JSS), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9392273\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Actinolite - Mendocino County, California, USA.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FActinolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Actinolite\">Actinolite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mendocino County, California, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: A 4.7 by 3.0 cms group of very dark green crystals.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","John Sobolewski (JSS)",1024,768,{"id":417,"source_url":418,"license_code":365,"credit_html":419,"title":420,"description":421,"author":422,"original_width":423,"original_height":424},31132,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450332","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450332\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Actinolite-k-161aa.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FActinolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Actinolite\">Actinolite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: near Otjiwarongo, Namibia\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.1 x 4.1 x 3.9 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Actinolite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Here was another surprise, GOOD actinolite crystals! You almost never see this specimens in specimen-worthy crystals for the collector of good crystals, and here we even have them on matrix! Charlie valued these highly, because of their notability for the species and also for Namibia. Has the biggest crystal of the three...\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",682,800,{"id":426,"source_url":427,"license_code":375,"credit_html":428,"title":429,"description":430,"author":431,"original_width":432,"original_height":433},31133,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44914817","Strekeisen, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44914817\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Green Actinolite.JPG","Fibrous Actinolite (a metamorphic amphybole) crystals. Plane polarized light image, magnification 2x (Field of view = 7mm)","Strekeisen",4272,2848,{"id":435,"source_url":436,"license_code":409,"credit_html":437,"title":438,"description":439,"author":440,"original_width":441,"original_height":414},40154,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15208208","Rock Currier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15208208\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Actinolite-216680.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FActinolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Actinolite\">Actinolite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Actinolite crystal cluster. Specimen was in the collection of Dr. Richard Gaines in 1972. Scale at bottom of image is an inch with a rule at one cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Rock Currier",952,{"id":443,"source_url":444,"license_code":365,"credit_html":445,"title":446,"description":447,"author":448,"original_width":449,"original_height":450},31134,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=61931205","Tiia Monto, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=61931205\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Actinolite 2.jpg","Actinolite in Naturmuseum Augsburg.","Tiia Monto",1773,1047,{"id":452,"source_url":453,"license_code":375,"credit_html":454,"title":455,"description":456,"author":457,"original_width":458,"original_height":459},31136,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83064682","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83064682\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202362 photo (g27 g27-718 2 jpg).jpg","\"aktinoliit\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65384\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202362\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>","Mai Seppel",2618,1654,{"id":461,"source_url":462,"license_code":463,"credit_html":464,"title":465,"description":466,"author":467,"original_width":468,"original_height":469},31137,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=88020204","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=88020204\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Actinolite rock (Tilloston-Haystack Slice; near Hazens Notch, Orleans County, Vermont, USA) 3.jpg","Actinolite rocks in Vermont, USA.\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 5500 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Amphibole is a group of silicate minerals.  The garden-variety type of amphibole is hornblende.  Other common varieties include tremolite and actinolite.  The samples seen here are actinolite, a greenish-colored amphibole having the formula Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 - calcium magnesium iron hydroxysilicate.  Actinolite forms a continuous chemical spectrum with whitish-colored tremolite.  Unlike tremolite (see elsewhere in this photo album), actinolite has a significant iron component, which causes the dark coloration.  Actinolite often forms radiating clusters of elongated blades.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These actinolite rocks are in the Tillostone-Haystack Slice, a thrust sheet in the Green Mountains of northern Vermont.  The rocks in the area are metamorphics of supposed Cambrian age - most are varieties of blueschist, but serpentinite, magnetitic serpentinite, and putative eclogite are also present.  The coarsely-crystalline actinolite rocks seen here are possibly metamorphosed pyroxenites or metamorphosed dolostones (a pod of dolostone in blueschist was observed nearby).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of actinolite:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=18","James St. John",3583,2695,{"id":471,"source_url":472,"license_code":375,"credit_html":473,"title":474,"description":475,"author":476,"original_width":477,"original_height":478},31140,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130467288","Kaethe17, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130467288\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aktinolith-pfitschtal.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FActinolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Actinolite\">Actinolite\u003C\u002Fa> (Weight: 1270 g, Size: 17 cm × 10 cm × 8 cm) – Place of discovery: Pfitsch Valley (Vizze Valley), Tyrol, Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol), Italy","Kaethe17",5404,3603,{"id":480,"source_url":481,"license_code":358,"credit_html":482,"title":483,"description":484,"author":485,"original_width":486,"original_height":487},148,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146468907","Slashme, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146468907\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Titanit Albit Aktinolith Laumontit.jpg","Titanit Albit Aktinolith Laumontit aus Binnthal, Wallis, Schweiz","Slashme",3877,2539,{"id":489,"source_url":490,"license_code":365,"credit_html":491,"title":492,"description":493,"author":422,"original_width":494,"original_height":424},31130,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144212","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144212\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Actinolite-139966.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FActinolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Actinolite\">Actinolite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Otjiwarongo District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOtjozondjupa_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Otjozondjupa Region\">Otjozondjupa Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-125853.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Here was another surprise, GOOD actinolite crystals! You almost never see this specimens in specimen-worthy crystals for the collector of good crystals, and here we even have them on matrix! Charlie valued these highly, because of their notability for the species and also for Namibia. The most aesthetic of the three... 6.4 x 4.0 x 1.9 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",565,{"id":496,"source_url":497,"license_code":375,"credit_html":498,"title":499,"description":500,"author":501,"original_width":502,"original_height":503},149,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146538894","Kritzolina, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146538894\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Titanite - Albite - Actinolite - Laumontite 02.jpg","Titanite - Albite - Actinolite - Laumontite from Binn Valley, Switzerland","Kritzolina",3765,2510,{"id":505,"source_url":506,"license_code":365,"credit_html":507,"title":508,"description":509,"author":422,"original_width":510,"original_height":511},31131,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147866","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147866\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-Actinolite-162477.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FActinolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Actinolite\">Actinolite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Morro do Serrote, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRegistro\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Registro\">Registro\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FS%C3%A3o_Paulo\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:São Paulo\">São Paulo\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-187304.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.8 x 1.7 x 1.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This gemmy quartz crystal is shot through with fine, hair-like acicular crystals of dove-grey actinolite - massed together in a cottony cluster at the center, with wispy crystals coming off of this core in every direction.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",401,600,{"id":513,"source_url":514,"license_code":375,"credit_html":515,"title":516,"description":500,"author":501,"original_width":517,"original_height":518},150,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146538895","Kritzolina, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146538895\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Titanite - Albite - Actinolite - Laumontite 01.jpg",4292,2861,{"id":520,"source_url":521,"license_code":463,"credit_html":522,"title":523,"description":524,"author":467,"original_width":525,"original_height":526},31138,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95371270","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95371270\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Magnetite-pyrite-actinolite rock (Jurassic, 156-162 Ma; Mina 5, Marcona Magnetite Deposit, Ica Department, Peru) 4.jpg","Magnetite-pyrite-actinolite rock from the Jurassic of Peru.\n\u003Cp>Rocks of the Jurassic-aged Marcona Magnetite Deposit in southern Peru are mined for their iron content.  The deposit has been called a skarn (= contact metamorphic deposit), but it appears to be a magmatic deposit - the magnetite crystallized from an iron oxide-rich melt (see Chen et al., 2010).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This particular sample is consistent with mineralization stage M-III of Chen et al. (2010) - it has magnetite (= black, Fe3O4 - iron oxide), pyrite (= brassy gold, FeS2 - iron sulfide), and actinolite amphibole (= dark green, Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 - calcium magnesium iron hydroxy-silicate).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Age: Late Jurassic, 156 to 162 Ma\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Mina 5, Marcona Magnetite Deposit, southern Nazca Province, southern Ica Department, southern Peru (15° 11' 31.40\" South latitude, 74° 07' 42.70\" West longitude)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Some info. from:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nChen et al. (2010) - The Marcona Magnetite Deposit, Ica, south-central Peru: a product of hydrous, iron oxide-rich melts?  Economic Geology 105: 1441-1456.",3705,2330,{"id":528,"source_url":529,"license_code":375,"credit_html":530,"title":531,"description":532,"author":476,"original_width":533,"original_height":534},31139,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129538673","Kaethe17, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129538673\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Andradit-aktinolith.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradit\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Andradit\">Andradit\u003C\u002Fa>, Varietät Demantoid, in Gestein aus u.a. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAktinolith\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Aktinolith\">Aktinolith\u003C\u002Fa>-Asbest\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Gewicht: 274g\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Fundort: Monte Acquanegra, östlich Chiesa, oberes \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FValmalenco\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Valmalenco\">Valmalenco\u003C\u002Fa>, NO Comer See, Provinz Sondrio, Italien\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",4844,3382,{"id":536,"source_url":537,"license_code":375,"credit_html":538,"title":539,"description":540,"author":541,"original_width":542,"original_height":543},31142,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=180411712","Марися Лебідь, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=180411712\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Сплутано-волокистий агрегат актиноліт-азбесту в кварці.jpg","Minerals in Yevhen Lazarenko Mineralogical Museum","Марися Лебідь",4080,3060,{"id":545,"source_url":546,"license_code":409,"credit_html":547,"title":548,"description":549,"author":550,"original_width":414,"original_height":551},1585,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31979697","Karl Boddy, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31979697\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Antigorite, Actinolite-364052.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAntigorite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Antigorite\">Antigorite\u003C\u002Fa> (Size 8 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Clay Geo, Unst, Shetland Islands, Scotland, UK\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> White antigorite and very dark antigorite.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Karl Boddy",483,{"id":553,"source_url":554,"license_code":365,"credit_html":555,"title":556,"description":557,"author":422,"original_width":558,"original_height":559},31285,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176736","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176736\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Titanite-Actinolite-Adularia-210676.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTitanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Titanite\">Titanite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FActinolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Actinolite\">Actinolite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FActinolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Actinolite\">Byssolite\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAdularia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Adularia\">Adularia\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Arondu (Arundu; Arandu), Basha Valley (Basha Nala; Basna), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSkardu_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Skardu District\">Skardu district\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaltistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baltistan\">Baltistan\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGilgit-Baltistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gilgit-Baltistan\">Northern Areas\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-8263.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.0 x 2.1 x 2.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Pakistan has produced a great variety of Titanite specimens, in a great range of colors and habits. Some of the varying finds include disc-like, tabular pinkish crystals and steep, honey colored wedge shaped crystals, but the most popular and attractive of all the habits of Titanite from this locality would have to be the green crystals with Orthoclase (var: Adularia). These are \"Alpine-type\" Titanite crystals. In fact, these specimens are so indicative of true Alpine pieces, one can sometimes have a great deal of difficulty trying to discern which pieces are from Pakistan and which are from the Alps. This specimen features a few sharp, highly lustrous, green color, flattened crystal of Titanite associated with sharp, lustrous Orthoclase (var: Adularia) crystals and acicular \"Byssolite\" matrix.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",450,432,{"id":561,"source_url":562,"license_code":365,"credit_html":563,"title":564,"description":565,"author":422,"original_width":566,"original_height":567},31287,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177490","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177490\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Adularia-Quartz-Actinolite-258319.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAdularia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Adularia\">Adularia\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FActinolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Actinolite\">Actinolite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FActinolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Actinolite\">Byssolite\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tormiq valley (Tormic; Tormik; Tormig; Turmiq), Haramosh Mts., \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSkardu_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Skardu District\">Skardu District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaltistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baltistan\">Baltistan\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGilgit-Baltistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gilgit-Baltistan\">Northern Areas\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5734.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.6 x 9.2 x 9.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine cabinet combination specimen of large, sharp orthoclase (variety adularia) crystals set on a glassy quartz crystal shard from recent finds in the Tormiq Valley of Pakistan. The translucent and lustrous crystals are included-with and preferentially coated with green chlorite. The smaller, right-hand crystal has an interesting small tuft of soft, hair-like byssolite fibers on the termination. Byssolite is a variety of actinolite.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",601,700,{"id":569,"source_url":570,"license_code":571,"credit_html":572,"title":573,"description":574,"author":575,"original_width":415,"original_height":414},37599,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15208158","Public domain","Gerd Stefanik, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15208158\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Actinolite (Byssolite), Albite-151372.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FActinolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Actinolite\">Actinolite\u003C\u002Fa>, variety Byssolite and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Albite\">Albite\u003C\u002Fa> (Size: 9 cm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Knappenwand, Knappenwand area, Untersulzbach valley, Hohe Tauern Mts, Salzburg, Austria\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Gerd Stefanik",{"id":577,"source_url":578,"license_code":365,"credit_html":579,"title":580,"description":581,"author":422,"original_width":582,"original_height":583},53485,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140459","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140459\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Epidote-Actinolite-121120.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEpidote\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Epidote\">Epidote\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FActinolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Actinolite\">Actinolite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FActinolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Actinolite\">Byssolite\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Seekar (Seebachkar), Seebach lake, Seebach valley, Obersulzbach valley, Hohe Tauern Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSalzburg\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Salzburg\">Salzburg\u003C\u002Fa>, Austria (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-7810.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.8 x 2.8 x 2.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An aesthetic and showy cluster of lustrous, light and dark olive-green epidote crystals to 3.3 cm and partially wrapped in a cloak of soft-to-the-touch, sparkly byssolite needles from a famous Austrian locality - Seebachkar in the Obersulzbach Valley. Ex. Wein Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",365,500,{"id":585,"source_url":586,"license_code":375,"credit_html":587,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":360,"original_height":588},87856,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65397","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65397\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",680,[590,596,601,606,611],{"id":591,"url":592,"label":593,"formula":594,"spacegroup":595,"year":266},20,"\u002Fcif\u002F20.cif","Evans 1998 · Fe.575 Mn.016 Mg4.479 Al.122 Ti.002 Ca1.802 Na.124 Si7.94 K.014 H1.94 O24","Fe.575 Mn.016 Mg4.479 Al.122 Ti.002 Ca1.802 Na.124 Si7.94 K.014 H1.94 O24","C 1 2\u002Fm 1",{"id":597,"url":598,"label":599,"formula":600,"spacegroup":595,"year":266},21,"\u002Fcif\u002F21.cif","Evans 1998 · Fe.594 Mn.02 Mg4.43 Al.138 Ca1.774 Na.132 Si7.952 K.01 H1.976 O24","Fe.594 Mn.02 Mg4.43 Al.138 Ca1.774 Na.132 Si7.952 K.01 H1.976 O24",{"id":602,"url":603,"label":604,"formula":605,"spacegroup":595,"year":266},22,"\u002Fcif\u002F22.cif","Evans 1998 · Fe.905 Mn.02 Mg4.083 Al.252 Ti.014 Ca1.904 Na.232 Si7.788 K.096 H1.566 O23.274 F.726","Fe.905 Mn.02 Mg4.083 Al.252 Ti.014 Ca1.904 Na.232 Si7.788 K.096 H1.566 O23.274 F.726",{"id":607,"url":608,"label":609,"formula":610,"spacegroup":595,"year":266},23,"\u002Fcif\u002F23.cif","Evans 1998 · Fe.947 Mn.014 Mg4.031 Al.204 Ti.004 Ca1.954 Na.152 Si7.82 K.096 H1.696 O23.724 F.276","Fe.947 Mn.014 Mg4.031 Al.204 Ti.004 Ca1.954 Na.152 Si7.82 K.096 H1.696 O23.724 F.276",{"id":612,"url":613,"label":614,"formula":615,"spacegroup":595,"year":266},24,"\u002Fcif\u002F24.cif","Evans 1998 · Fe1.133 Mn.02 Mg3.879 Ti.02 Al.256 Ca1.856 Na.286 Si7.776 K.09 H1.436 O23.536 F.464","Fe1.133 Mn.02 Mg3.879 Ti.02 Al.256 Ca1.856 Na.286 Si7.776 K.09 H1.436 O23.536 F.464",[617,618,619,620,621,622,623,624,625,626,627,628,629,630,631,632,633,634,635,636],"Actinolithe","Actinolota","Actynolin","Actynolit","Actynolita","Actynolite","Attinoto","Stibolit","Stibolita","Stibolite","strahlite","Strahlstein","Stralit","Stralita","Stralite","Zillerthit","Zillerthita","Zillerthite","Zillertit","Zillertite",[638,643,647,651,655,659,662,668,672,675,679,683,687,691,697,701,705,708,712,716,721,728,732,735,739,742,745,748,752,755,759,762,766,771,775,778,782,786,790,794,798,801,805,809,813,816,819,822,825,828,831,834,837,840,843,846,852,856,859,865,868,871,874,877,880],{"lang":639,"names":640},"ar",[641,642],"أكتينولايت","أكتينوليت",{"lang":644,"names":645},"az",[646],"Aktinolit",{"lang":648,"names":649},"be",[650],"Актыналіт",{"lang":652,"names":653},"bg",[654],"Актинолит",{"lang":656,"names":657},"ca",[658],"actinolita",{"lang":660,"names":661},"cs",[646],{"lang":663,"names":664},"de",[665,666,667,628],"Actinolit","Aktinolith","Amiant",{"lang":669,"names":670},"el",[671],"Ακτινόλιθος",{"lang":673,"names":674},"es",[658],{"lang":676,"names":677},"et",[678],"aktinoliit",{"lang":680,"names":681},"eu",[682],"Aktinolita",{"lang":684,"names":685},"fa",[686],"اکتینولیت",{"lang":688,"names":689},"fi",[690],"aktinoliitti",{"lang":692,"names":693},"fr",[7,617,694,622,695,696,634],"actinote","Rayonnante","Stralite commun",{"lang":698,"names":699},"gl",[700],"Actinolita",{"lang":702,"names":703},"he",[704],"אקטינוליט",{"lang":706,"names":707},"hr",[646],{"lang":709,"names":710},"hu",[711],"aktinolit",{"lang":713,"names":714},"is",[715],"Aktínólít",{"lang":717,"names":718},"it",[719,720],"actinolite","Attinolite",{"lang":722,"names":723},"ja",[724,725,726,727],"アクチノライト","アクチノ閃石","緑閃石","陽起石",{"lang":729,"names":730},"ka",[731],"აქტინოლითი",{"lang":733,"names":734},"kk",[654],{"lang":736,"names":737},"kk-arab",[738],"اكتىينولىيت",{"lang":740,"names":741},"kk-cn",[738],{"lang":743,"names":744},"kk-cyrl",[654],{"lang":746,"names":747},"kk-kz",[654],{"lang":749,"names":750},"kk-latn",[751],"Aktïnolït",{"lang":753,"names":754},"kk-tr",[751],{"lang":756,"names":757},"ko",[758],"녹섬석",{"lang":760,"names":761},"ky",[654],{"lang":763,"names":764},"lt",[765],"aktinolitas",{"lang":767,"names":768},"lv",[769,770],"Aktinolīts","Cillertīts",{"lang":772,"names":773},"mk",[774],"актинолит",{"lang":776,"names":777},"ms",[646],{"lang":779,"names":780},"nb",[781],"aktinolitt",{"lang":783,"names":784},"nds",[666,667,785],"Bargledder",{"lang":787,"names":788},"nl",[789],"actinoliet",{"lang":791,"names":792},"nn",[781,793],"Strålstein",{"lang":795,"names":796},"pl",[797],"aktynolit",{"lang":799,"names":800},"pt",[700,719],{"lang":802,"names":803},"ro",[804],"actinot",{"lang":806,"names":807},"ru",[774,808],"лучистый камень",{"lang":810,"names":811},"scn",[812],"actinuliti",{"lang":814,"names":815},"sco",[719],{"lang":817,"names":818},"sh",[646],{"lang":820,"names":821},"sk",[646],{"lang":823,"names":824},"sl",[711],{"lang":826,"names":827},"sms",[781],{"lang":829,"names":830},"sr",[774],{"lang":832,"names":833},"sr-ec",[654],{"lang":835,"names":836},"sr-el",[646],{"lang":838,"names":839},"sv",[711],{"lang":841,"names":842},"tg",[654],{"lang":844,"names":845},"tr",[711],{"lang":847,"names":848},"uk",[849,850,851],"Актиноліт","Лучак","Лучовик",{"lang":853,"names":854},"uz",[646,855],"Nur sochuvchi tosh",{"lang":857,"names":858},"vi",[665],{"lang":860,"names":861},"zh",[862,863,864,727],"鐵陽起石","铁阳起石","阳起石",{"lang":866,"names":867},"zh-cn",[864],{"lang":869,"names":870},"zh-hans",[864],{"lang":872,"names":873},"zh-hant",[727],{"lang":875,"names":876},"zh-hk",[727],{"lang":878,"names":879},"zh-sg",[864],{"lang":881,"names":882},"zh-tw",[727],"Q104692",{"history":885,"applications":889},{"markdown":886,"model_version":887,"prompt_version":888,"reviewed_at":11},"Long before anyone gave it a mineral name, actinolite was being carved. The mineral belongs to a three-member series — tremolite, actinolite, and ferro-actinolite — whose felted, fibrous aggregate is the gemstone **nephrite**, one of the two true jades[1]. Neolithic communities worked this material across three continents, and most of \"jade\" in the human story is, mineralogically, the tremolite–actinolite series.\n\nThe oldest known European working dates to the Early Neolithic, in the 7th millennium BC, and continues through the Late Chalcolithic in the 5th millennium BC, with tools and amulets cut from the stone[2]. In China, the Liangzhu culture of the Yangtze River Delta worked nephrite for ritual and ornamental objects between 3400 and 2250 BC[2]. From the earliest Chinese dynasties onward, the working stone shifted to deposits near Khotan, in the western province of Xinjiang[2]. A long maritime trade route in Southeast Asia carried the same material across the region for some three thousand years, peaking between 2000 BCE and 500 CE[2]. In New Zealand, Māori carvers know nephrite as **pounamu**[3].\n\nThe names the stone has carried reflect this long use. The Latin *lapis nephriticus* — literally *kidney stone* — gave us the modern word **nephrite**, by way of Ancient Greek, because the polished material was once believed to relieve kidney complaints[2]. The English word *jade* follows the same logic: it descends from the Spanish *piedra de ijada* — *flank stone* — first recorded in 1565[1].\n\nThe mineral species itself received its modern name in 1794. The Irish chemist Richard Kirwan joined the Greek *aktina* — ray — with *lithos* — stone — to coin **actinolite**[4]. The name records the radiating, fibrous habit of the original specimens: long thin crystals fanning out from a centre like spokes.\n\nThe jade question was settled later. In 1863, the French mineralogist Alexis Damour showed that *jade* was actually two distinct minerals[5]. One was nephrite, in the amphibole group, the calcium and magnesium silicates. The other was jadeite, in the pyroxene group, built around sodium and aluminium. Nephrite and jadeite had been confused for centuries; Damour's analysis pulled them apart.\n\nOlder mineralogical writing kept a separate vocabulary for the felted forms of the series. Thin interwoven sheets of fibre were called **mountain leather**; thicker sheets, **mountain cork**; and compact, dry-wood-like masses, **mountain wood**[6]. These were descriptive names for habit, not for chemistry — the substance underneath was actinolite or its close relative tremolite.","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":890,"model_version":887,"prompt_version":888,"reviewed_at":11},"Actinolite has two faces in modern use, and they could not be more different. As a felted aggregate it is **nephrite**, one of the two true jades, still carved today into beads, cabochons and ornamental objects[1]. As a fibrous habit it is **actinolite asbestos**, one of the six minerals regulated worldwide as asbestos[2]. The same chemistry — a calcium-magnesium amphibole — does both jobs depending on how it grew.\n\n### As nephrite jade\n\nModern lapidary nephrite is sourced principally from western Canada, with Taiwan also a major producer[3]. The stone is cut into the same forms it has worn for millennia: carvings, beads, and the rounded, polished cabochon[1]. Transparent crystals of actinolite are far rarer. When they appear, they are faceted by gem cutters for collectors[3].\n\n### As regulated asbestos\n\nThe fibrous habit of actinolite tells a different story. **Actinolite asbestos** — Chemical Abstracts Service number 77536-66-4 — is one of the six minerals that fall under asbestos regulation in most jurisdictions[2]. The other five are chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite asbestos and anthophyllite asbestos. All six are recognised human carcinogens. Exposure causes asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma, an aggressive cancer of the lung lining[2].\n\nIndustrially, actinolite asbestos has always been a minor player next to its cousins. Chrysotile accounts for around 95 percent of the asbestos found in American buildings; the amphibole asbestos — actinolite included — is used in far smaller quantities[2]. Contaminated vermiculite from a Montana mine has exposed workers to actinolite and tremolite fibres[2]. In Australia, actinolite asbestos was mined along Jones Creek at Gundagai[4].\n\nThe regulatory net is broad and tight. Sixty-six countries and territories, including the entire European Union, have banned the use of asbestos[2]. Australia banned it on 31 December 2003, Japan in March 2012, and Canada on 31 December 2018[2]. The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration caps workplace exposure at 0.1 fibre per cubic centimetre of air over an eight-hour day[2]."]