[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:452":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":11,"impurities":11,"cim":22,"ima_status":23,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":11,"strunz10ed1":26,"strunz10ed2":27,"strunz10ed3":28,"strunz10ed4":29,"dana8ed1":30,"dana8ed2":31,"dana8ed3":32,"dana8ed4":33,"csystem":34,"cclass":35,"spacegroup":36,"spacegroupset":37,"a":38,"b":37,"c":37,"alpha":37,"beta":37,"gamma":37,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":39,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":40,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":41,"tlform":11,"hmin":42,"hmax":43,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":37,"vhnmax":37,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":44,"dmeas2":44,"dcalc":45,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":46,"lustretype":47,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":48,"streak":49,"colour":50,"commentcolor":51,"colors":52,"streak_colors":58,"luminescence":59,"uv":11,"cleavage":60,"cleavagetype":11,"fracturetype":61,"tenacity":62,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":63,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":37,"opticalalpha2":37,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":37,"opticalbeta2":37,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":37,"opticalgamma2":37,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":37,"opticalomega2":37,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":37,"opticalepsilon2":37,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":64,"opticaln2":37,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":37,"optical2vcalc2":37,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":37,"optical2vmeasured2":37,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":11,"rimax":11,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":65,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":66,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":67,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":68,"aboutname":69,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":70,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":71,"group_members":76,"associates":170,"confused_with":218,"type_localities":219,"occurrence_total":226,"citations":227,"images":273,"structures":606,"synonyms":635,"language_names":647,"wikidata_qid":860,"texts":861},452,"1:1:452:5","461c7757-5260-4fb7-bdef-168144640af8","Almandine","Alm",0,"mineral",null,10272,30129,false,"Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",[17,18,19,20],"Al","Fe","Si","O",[17,18,19,20],"16.17.1",[24,25],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","9","A","D","25","51","4","3a","2","Isometric",32,225,"0","11.526",8,"On {110}","Typically well-formed dodecahedra or trapezohedra, to 1 m; also in rounded grains and massive.",7,7.5,"4.318","4.313","Vitreous - Resinous","Vitreous,Resinous","Transparent,Translucent","White","Deep red, brownish red, red-violet, black","may be sectored",[53,54,55,56,57],"red","brown","purple","black","white",[57],"Non-fluorescent","None","Sub-Conchoidal","brittle","Isotropic","1.83","Anomalously biaxial.","Abrasive.","The most common garnet, typically in mica schists and gneisses, from regionally metamorphosed argillaceous sediments and pelites; also in contact metamorphic hornfels. In granites and eclogites; in sedimentary rocks; as a detrital mineral.","Almandine-Pyrope Series, Almandine-Spessartine Series.\r\n\r\nMost common garnet. Occurs in metamorphic and pegmatitic rocks.","Named in 1546 by Georgius Agricola [Georg Bauer] for Alabanda in Turkey, an ancient gem cutting center, presumably where almandine was fashioned into gemstones.","2026-01-19 12:25:39",[72],{"id":73,"name":74,"entrytype":75,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":37,"dcalc":37,"primary_image_id":11},27165,"Star Garnet",2,[77,85,92,97,105,111,118,124,130,136,142,149,155,162],{"id":78,"name":79,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":80,"mindat_formula":80,"hmin":81,"hmax":42,"dmeas":82,"dcalc":83,"primary_image_id":84},223,"Andradite","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",6.5,"3.8","3.859",1388,{"id":86,"name":87,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":88,"mindat_formula":88,"hmin":42,"hmax":42,"dmeas":89,"dcalc":90,"primary_image_id":91},864,"Calderite","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.05","4.07",4432,{"id":93,"name":94,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":95,"mindat_formula":95,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":96,"primary_image_id":11},40003,"Eringaite","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Sc\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.654",{"id":98,"name":99,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":100,"mindat_formula":100,"hmin":101,"hmax":42,"dmeas":102,"dcalc":103,"primary_image_id":104},1723,"Goldmanite","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>V\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",6,"3.74","3.76",10174,{"id":106,"name":107,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":108,"mindat_formula":108,"hmin":81,"hmax":42,"dmeas":109,"dcalc":109,"primary_image_id":110},1755,"Grossular","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.594",29814,{"id":112,"name":113,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":114,"mindat_formula":115,"hmin":101,"hmax":42,"dmeas":116,"dcalc":117,"primary_image_id":11},2229,"Knorringite","Mg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cr\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","Mg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cr\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.756","3.852",{"id":119,"name":120,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":121,"mindat_formula":121,"hmin":42,"hmax":43,"dmeas":31,"dcalc":122,"primary_image_id":123},2546,"Majorite","Mg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(MgSi)(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.00",15183,{"id":125,"name":126,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":127,"mindat_formula":128,"hmin":81,"hmax":42,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":129,"primary_image_id":11},42520,"Menzerite-(Y)","(CaY\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","(Y\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca)Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.31",{"id":131,"name":132,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":133,"mindat_formula":133,"hmin":81,"hmax":81,"dmeas":134,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":135},39634,"Momoiite","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>V\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.01",16551,{"id":137,"name":138,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":139,"mindat_formula":139,"hmin":43,"hmax":43,"dmeas":140,"dcalc":141,"primary_image_id":11},2784,"Morimotoite","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(TiFe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>)(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.75","3.80",{"id":143,"name":144,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":145,"mindat_formula":145,"hmin":42,"hmax":43,"dmeas":146,"dcalc":147,"primary_image_id":148},3321,"Pyrope","Mg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.582","3.563",20279,{"id":150,"name":151,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":152,"mindat_formula":153,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":154,"primary_image_id":11},51587,"Rubinite","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Ti\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Ti\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.63",{"id":156,"name":157,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":158,"mindat_formula":158,"hmin":81,"hmax":43,"dmeas":159,"dcalc":160,"primary_image_id":161},3725,"Spessartine","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.12","4.19",22642,{"id":163,"name":164,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":165,"mindat_formula":166,"hmin":81,"hmax":42,"dmeas":167,"dcalc":168,"primary_image_id":169},4125,"Uvarovite","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cr\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cr\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.77","3.848",30906,[171,180,187,196,205,211],{"id":172,"name":173,"entrytype":9,"csystem":174,"ima_formula":175,"mindat_formula":176,"hmin":81,"hmax":43,"dmeas":177,"dcalc":178,"primary_image_id":179},217,"Andalusite","Orthorhombic","Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SiO\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>","Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)O","3.13","3.149",29089,{"id":181,"name":182,"entrytype":9,"csystem":174,"ima_formula":183,"mindat_formula":183,"hmin":42,"hmax":43,"dmeas":184,"dcalc":185,"primary_image_id":186},1128,"Cordierite","Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.6","2.505",6260,{"id":188,"name":189,"entrytype":9,"csystem":190,"ima_formula":191,"mindat_formula":191,"hmin":192,"hmax":101,"dmeas":193,"dcalc":194,"primary_image_id":195},1856,"Hematite","Trigonal","Fe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",5,"5.26","5.255",29858,{"id":197,"name":198,"entrytype":9,"csystem":199,"ima_formula":200,"mindat_formula":176,"hmin":201,"hmax":42,"dmeas":202,"dcalc":203,"primary_image_id":204},2303,"Kyanite","Triclinic","Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>OSiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",5.5,"3.53","3.67",30052,{"id":206,"name":207,"entrytype":9,"csystem":174,"ima_formula":175,"mindat_formula":176,"hmin":81,"hmax":43,"dmeas":208,"dcalc":209,"primary_image_id":210},3662,"Sillimanite","3.23","3.24",30699,{"id":212,"name":213,"entrytype":9,"csystem":214,"ima_formula":215,"mindat_formula":215,"hmin":42,"hmax":43,"dmeas":102,"dcalc":216,"primary_image_id":217},3753,"Staurolite","Monoclinic","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>23\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","3.686",22733,[],[220],{"id":221,"txt":222,"latitude":223,"longitude":224,"country":225},3265,"Alabanda, Çine District, Aydin Province, Turkey",37.5988889,27.9588889,"Turkey",2140,[228,232,237,241,245,250,255,259,263,268],{"id":229,"year":230,"html":231,"doi":11},16101891,1988,"Rossman, G.R., Rauch, F., Livi, R., Tombrello, T.A., Shi, C.R., Zhoi, Z.Y. (1988) Nuclear reaction analysis of hydrogen in almandine, pyrope and spessartine garnets. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Monatshefte: 4: 172-178.",{"id":233,"year":234,"html":235,"doi":236},151914,1991,"Hofmeister, A.M., Chopelas, A. (1991) Vibrational spectroscopy of end-member silicate garnets. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  17 (6). 503-526 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00202230'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00202230\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00202230",{"id":238,"year":239,"html":240,"doi":11},529285,1992,"Armbruster, Thomas, Geiger, Charles A., Lager, George A. (1992) Single-crystal X-ray structure study of synthetic pyrope almandine garnets at 100 and 293 K. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  77 (5-6) 512-521 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM77\u002FAM77_512.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":242,"year":239,"html":243,"doi":244},152033,"Geiger, C.A., Armbruster, Th., Lager, G.A., Jiang, K., Lottermoser, W., Amthauer, G. (1992) A combined temperature dependent 57Fe Mössbauer and single crystal X-ray diffraction study of synthetic almandine: Evidence for the Gol'danskii-Karyagin effect. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  19 (2). 121-126 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00198609'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00198609\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00198609",{"id":246,"year":247,"html":248,"doi":249},189167,1996,"Pilati, T., Demartin, F., Gramaccioli, C. M. (1996) Atomic displacement parameters for garnets: a lattice-dynamical evaluation. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science\u003C\u002Fi>,  52 (2) 239-250 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0108768195010925'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0108768195010925\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0108768195010925",{"id":251,"year":252,"html":253,"doi":254},394071,2000,"Wang, Liping, Essene, Eric J., Zhang, Youxue (2000) Direct observation of immiscibility in pyrope-almandine-grossular garnet. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  85 (1) 41-46 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2000-0106'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2000-0106\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2000-0106",{"id":256,"year":257,"html":258,"doi":11},16962637,2001,"(2001) Almandine. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Falmandine.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":260,"year":257,"html":261,"doi":262},394397,"Arredondo, Elizabeth H., Rossman, George R., Lumpkin, Gregory R. (2001) Hydrogen in spessartine-almandine garnets as a tracer of granitic pegmatite evolution. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  86 (4) 485-490 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2001-0412'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2001-0412\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2001-0412",{"id":264,"year":265,"html":266,"doi":267},16452015,2015,"Galkin, Valeriy, Gartvich, Yuliya (2015) Thermal expansion and evaluation of almandine heat capacity. \u003Ci>Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry\u003C\u002Fi>, 122 (3) 1239-1244 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10973-015-4768-9'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs10973-015-4768-9\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs10973-015-4768-9",{"id":269,"year":270,"html":271,"doi":272},15627881,2023,"Feng, Yonggang; Cen, Jubiao; Liang, Ting; Wang, Mengxi; Tan, Xijuan; Hao, Yuanyuan; Yan, Shanshan (2023) Lithium, Phosphorus, and rare earth elements in magmatic garnets from granitic Pegmatites: Coupled substitution and petrogenetic implications. \u003Ci>Ore Geology Reviews\u003C\u002Fi>,  153.  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.oregeorev.2022.105284'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.oregeorev.2022.105284\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.oregeorev.2022.105284",[274,282,289,299,303,313,317,325,329,339,343,350,359,367,376,384,393,401,408,415,424,432,441,450,460,468,476,483,489,496,503,510,517,525,531,539,547,554,561,570,577,583,592,599],{"id":275,"source_url":276,"license_code":277,"credit_html":278,"title":279,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":280,"original_height":281},848,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=451583","CC BY-SA 2.0","Unknown author, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=451583\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine.jpeg",1239,897,{"id":283,"source_url":284,"license_code":285,"credit_html":286,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":287,"original_height":288},29038,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114923","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114923\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,666,{"id":290,"source_url":291,"license_code":292,"credit_html":293,"title":294,"description":295,"author":296,"original_width":297,"original_height":298},849,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141581","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141581\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine-131923.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAggeneys\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aggeneys\">Aggeneys\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-53702.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.5 x 3.3 x 2.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Killer garnet crystals, super sharp, to 1.1 cm, on matrix. This is a small mine, you see very little from. Ex. Charlie Key Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",366,400,{"id":300,"source_url":301,"license_code":285,"credit_html":302,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":287,"original_height":288},29039,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F109505","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F109505\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":304,"source_url":305,"license_code":306,"credit_html":307,"title":308,"description":309,"author":310,"original_width":311,"original_height":312},850,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12643439","CC BY-SA 4.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12643439\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandin.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa> on gray-green schist \n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality : Granatenkogel Mt. (north slope), Gaisberg valley, Obergurgl, Ötz valley,North Tyrol, Tyrol, Austria\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size 19x11x7cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",6048,4032,{"id":314,"source_url":315,"license_code":285,"credit_html":316,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":287,"original_height":288},29040,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F109658","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F109658\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":318,"source_url":319,"license_code":292,"credit_html":320,"title":321,"description":322,"author":323,"original_width":324,"original_height":252},32135,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7274120","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7274120\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Garnet spiral.jpg","Garnetgroup, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: Ötztal, Austria","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike)",2700,{"id":326,"source_url":327,"license_code":285,"credit_html":328,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":287,"original_height":288},29041,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116412","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116412\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":330,"source_url":331,"license_code":332,"credit_html":333,"title":334,"description":335,"author":336,"original_width":337,"original_height":338},32136,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9371384","Public domain","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9371384\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Garnet 6.jpg","garnet var. almandine : Granatenkogel Mt. (north slope), Gaisberg valley, Obergurgl, Ötz valley,North Tyrol, Tyrol, Austria","Géry PARENT",3612,2848,{"id":340,"source_url":341,"license_code":285,"credit_html":342,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":287,"original_height":288},29042,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F106974","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F106974\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":344,"source_url":345,"license_code":292,"credit_html":346,"title":347,"description":348,"author":296,"original_width":298,"original_height":349},32137,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9997009","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9997009\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine-es4b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Granatwald, Tyrol, Austria\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Aesthetically arranged on a gray-green schist, three almandine garnet crystals display their dodecahedral form. Although mostly opaque, these dark reddish-brown crystals, one of which measures 4 cm in length, exhibit classic crystallography. This is a classic and important locality for garnet! Unfortunately, MOST such specimens collected long ago have since been polished to better show off the hints of color after they are excised from teh matrix. This one, however, is au naturale. no polishing! that makes it much more the rare\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",300,{"id":351,"source_url":352,"license_code":306,"credit_html":353,"title":354,"description":355,"author":356,"original_width":357,"original_height":358},853,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=88020173","Zbynek Burival, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=88020173\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine garnet from Ústup, Czech Republic.jpg","Almandine garnet from Ústup u Olešnice, Czech Republic. Big almandine crystal is cut in half and polished, garnets from this locality usually lack well developed crystal faces. Size 8x8 cm.","Zbynek Burival",4440,3330,{"id":360,"source_url":361,"license_code":292,"credit_html":362,"title":363,"description":364,"author":296,"original_width":365,"original_height":366},32138,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9997452","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9997452\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine-rwad49a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Russell Garnet mine, Russell, Hampden Co., Massachusetts\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This large cabinet specimen hosts a superb, 2-inch or 5-cm-across trapezohedral crystal on a pedestal of equally sharp only slightly smaller crystals. It is a monster for the find! The piece is complete on 3 sides, with rock matrix and a side contact on the back of the display face, and pristine on all front faces. It has one clean (and old) contact-repair at the halfway point, at a contact between the upper half and lower portion of the specimen. This is a very rare museum-sized example of the classic \"Russel Garnets\" found in the late 1800s by two lucky locals (Daniel Clark and FS Johnson). They sold them off, and never revealed the locality: to this day they are simply known as \"Russell Garnets\" from an un-named pegmatite in the area. Collectors today are still trying to re-locate the exact site and good specimens are mainstays in ANY major museum or East Coast classics collection. The famous Houston Museum specimen shown in the 2009 Garnet calendar is 8 cm across, with a crystal of similar size to this piece atop. This specimen is one of the better examples I have seen for sale, for its good balance and symmetry. It has a solid matrix, which is rare. At the time they were found, these crystals were all famously buffed or polished by the finders (with shoe polish, I am told), some more and some less. This particular specimen has less of an apparent gloss and buffed smoothness than others I have seen, giving it a more natural look than usual. One of the major pieces in the Whitmore collection. Joe Budd photo.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",527,800,{"id":368,"source_url":369,"license_code":306,"credit_html":370,"title":371,"description":372,"author":373,"original_width":374,"original_height":375},854,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129508120","Kritzolina, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129508120\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine on biotite shale.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa> on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBiotite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Biotite\">biotite\u003C\u002Fa> - Place of discovery: Alaska, USA","Kritzolina",5472,3648,{"id":377,"source_url":378,"license_code":292,"credit_html":379,"title":380,"description":381,"author":296,"original_width":382,"original_height":383},32139,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10129975","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10129975\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine-40514.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWrangell_Island\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Wrangell Island\">Wrangell Island\u003C\u002Fa>, Wrangell-Petersburg Borough, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlaska\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Alaska\">Alaska\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-36612.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A sharp, translucent, gemmy, 1.6 cm, cranberry-red almandine garnet crystal nicely set in a pedestal of schist matrix from the well-known Wrangell Island, Alaska locale. Ex Ed Ruggiero Collection, who purchased this piece in 1975. Excellent example for the locality! 6.2 x 3.3 x 1.8 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",318,640,{"id":385,"source_url":386,"license_code":306,"credit_html":387,"title":388,"description":389,"author":390,"original_width":391,"original_height":392},855,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129538521","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129538521\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine, Granatkogel, Ötztal, Austria-8786.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa> - Place of discovery: Granatkogel, Ötztal, Austria","Raimond Spekking",6332,3562,{"id":394,"source_url":395,"license_code":292,"credit_html":396,"title":397,"description":398,"author":296,"original_width":399,"original_height":400},32140,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147770","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147770\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine-160730.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Garnet Hill, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEly\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ely\">Ely\u003C\u002Fa>, Robinson District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWhite_Pine_County,_Nevada\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:White Pine County, Nevada\">White Pine County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNevada\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nevada\">Nevada\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3932.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.9 x 4.3 x 3.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Here are two textbook-sharp and glassy-lustrous, dark red Almandines (to 1.2 cm) that formed in pockets in a very hard matrix of rhyolite.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,469,{"id":402,"source_url":403,"license_code":292,"credit_html":404,"title":405,"description":406,"author":296,"original_width":407,"original_height":298},32142,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159736","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159736\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine-204036.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Garnet Ledge, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWrangel\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Wrangel\">Wrangell\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWrangell_Island\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Wrangell Island\">Wrangell Island\u003C\u002Fa>, Wrangell-Petersburg Borough, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlaska\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Alaska\">Alaska\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-11458.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 30.5 x 16.9 x 4.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A huge specimen showcasing the fine, sharp, wine-red almandine garnets from Wrangell, Alaska, in this case still embedded in matrix - isolated, large and very dramatic. These are old classics and few big specimens turn up today on the market. Sometimes these are found and sold as floater crystals, other times still in the matrix. The largest crystal here measures 2.5 cm across; there are a total of 6 crystals here. Ex. Consie Prince Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",372,{"id":409,"source_url":410,"license_code":292,"credit_html":411,"title":412,"description":413,"author":296,"original_width":298,"original_height":414},32143,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163038","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163038\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine-226341.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWrangell_Island\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Wrangell Island\">Wrangell Island\u003C\u002Fa>, Wrangell-Petersburg Borough, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlaska\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Alaska\">Alaska\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-36612.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 31.6 x 16.8 x 5.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A huge, large cabinet specimen showcasing the fine, sharp, gemmy, wine-red almandine garnets from Wrangell, Alaska, in this case still embedded in biotite schist matrix - isolated, large and very dramatic. These are old classics and few big specimens turn up today on the market. Sometimes these are found and sold as floater crystals, other times still in the matrix. The largest crystal here measures 3.0 cm across; there are a total of 10 crystals here and all are undamaged. Ex. Philadelphia Academy Collection with old label circa early 1900s. Weighs 9.7 pounds or 4.4 kilograms.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",392,{"id":416,"source_url":417,"license_code":292,"credit_html":418,"title":419,"description":420,"author":421,"original_width":422,"original_height":423},32146,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27631767","Moha112100, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27631767\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Garnet Almandine8.jpg","Garnet","Moha112100",1024,576,{"id":425,"source_url":426,"license_code":292,"credit_html":427,"title":428,"description":429,"author":430,"original_width":431,"original_height":338},32147,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31173593","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31173593\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandin, micaschiste 300-4-0997.JPG","garnet var. almandine, micas : Granatenkogel south slope, Seeber valley, Moso in Passiria (Moos in Passeier), Passiria Valley (Passeier Valley), Bolzano Province (South Tyrol), Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy","Parent Géry",4288,{"id":433,"source_url":434,"license_code":285,"credit_html":435,"title":436,"description":437,"author":438,"original_width":439,"original_height":440},32148,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84847927","Photo3.0 (Gianluca Nicoli), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84847927\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Microscopio 00041 Granato Almandino Metodo Piramide (C).jpg","Almandine garnet, Nikon D3000, polarized optical microscope, focus stacking image","Photo3.0 (Gianluca Nicoli)",3872,2337,{"id":442,"source_url":443,"license_code":306,"credit_html":444,"title":445,"description":446,"author":447,"original_width":448,"original_height":449},32149,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=96778578","Alisango, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=96778578\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandin gránát - féldrágakő - szabályos kristály (2).jpg","A gránát csoportba tartozó vas-alumínium nezo-szilikát","Alisango",3968,2976,{"id":451,"source_url":452,"license_code":453,"credit_html":454,"title":455,"description":456,"author":457,"original_width":458,"original_height":459},83159,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113749690","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113749690\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine garnet (Madison County, North Carolina, USA) 1.jpg","Almandine garnet from the Paleozoic of North Carolina, USA.\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are about 5400 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Garnet is a group of silicate minerals.  Garnets are expected to be red to dark red in color - many of them are, but several garnet varieties can be other colors, including purple, orange, olive green, deep green, and black.  Garnets form 12-sided crystals (dodecahedrons) or crystals with even more faces on them.  The crystals become more and more rounded as the crystal face number increases.  Garnet has a nonmetallic, glassy luster, whitish streak, is quite hard (H = 7), has no cleavage, and has conchoidal fracture.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Common examples of garnet include almandine, grossular, spessartine, and andradite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Almandine is an iron-aluminum garnet (ideally Fe3Al2Si3O12 - iron aluminum silicate).  Almandine is the most common type of garnet - it is commonly encountered as well formed crystals in schists.  It is also found in some igneous rocks.  Almandine is classically used as a mineral indicator of regional metamorphism.  Initially, the development of large, undeformed garnets in metamorphic rocks may seem odd.  However, some metamorphic minerals ignore external pressures as they grow.  Staurolite and pyrite, both common metamorphic minerals, do the same thing.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Grossular is a calcium-aluminum garnet (ideally Ca3Al2Si3O12 - calcium aluminum silicate).  It typically forms after argillaceous limestones have been contact metamorphosed or regionally metamorphosed.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Spessartine is a manganese-aluminum garnet (ideally Mn3Al2Si3O12 - manganese aluminum silicate).  It is typically reddish to brownish in color.  It is often reported in skarns (contact metamorphosed rocks) and rocks enriched in manganese.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Andradite is the most common variety of calcium garnet.  Andradite is a calcium-iron garnet (Ca3Fe2Si3O12 - calcium iron silicate).  It varies in color from yellowish to greenish to brownish to blackish.  Green, chromium-bearing andradite is called demantoid.  Black, titanium-bearing andradite is called melanite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The specimen seen here is a well-formed, dodecahedral crystal of deep reddish almandine garnet that is mostly coated by greenish chlorite from the chlorite schist host rock.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Provenance: the original Albert Edward Foote of Philadelphia mineral dealer label is attached to one of the crystal's faces.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: unrecorded locality in Madison County, western North Carolina, USA (but likely from the Little Pine Garnet Mine along Caney Fork Road, ~~3.2 air-miles southwest of the town of Marshall in southern Madison County)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of almandine:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=452\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Photo gallery of grossular:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=1755\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Photo gallery of spessartine:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=3725\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Photo gallery of andradite:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=223\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Photo gallery of melanite:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=7443","James St. John",2465,2318,{"id":461,"source_url":462,"license_code":453,"credit_html":463,"title":464,"description":465,"author":457,"original_width":466,"original_height":467},83161,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113749695","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113749695\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine garnet (Madison County, North Carolina, USA) 2.jpg","Almandine garnet from the Paleozoic of North Carolina, USA. (~7.1 cm across at its widest)\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are about 5400 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Garnet is a group of silicate minerals.  Garnets are expected to be red to dark red in color - many of them are, but several garnet varieties can be other colors, including purple, orange, olive green, deep green, and black.  Garnets form 12-sided crystals (dodecahedrons) or crystals with even more faces on them.  The crystals become more and more rounded as the crystal face number increases.  Garnet has a nonmetallic, glassy luster, whitish streak, is quite hard (H = 7), has no cleavage, and has conchoidal fracture.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Common examples of garnet include almandine, grossular, spessartine, and andradite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Almandine is an iron-aluminum garnet (ideally Fe3Al2Si3O12 - iron aluminum silicate).  Almandine is the most common type of garnet - it is commonly encountered as well formed crystals in schists.  It is also found in some igneous rocks.  Almandine is classically used as a mineral indicator of regional metamorphism.  Initially, the development of large, undeformed garnets in metamorphic rocks may seem odd.  However, some metamorphic minerals ignore external pressures as they grow.  Staurolite and pyrite, both common metamorphic minerals, do the same thing.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Grossular is a calcium-aluminum garnet (ideally Ca3Al2Si3O12 - calcium aluminum silicate).  It typically forms after argillaceous limestones have been contact metamorphosed or regionally metamorphosed.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Spessartine is a manganese-aluminum garnet (ideally Mn3Al2Si3O12 - manganese aluminum silicate).  It is typically reddish to brownish in color.  It is often reported in skarns (contact metamorphosed rocks) and rocks enriched in manganese.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Andradite is the most common variety of calcium garnet.  Andradite is a calcium-iron garnet (Ca3Fe2Si3O12 - calcium iron silicate).  It varies in color from yellowish to greenish to brownish to blackish.  Green, chromium-bearing andradite is called demantoid.  Black, titanium-bearing andradite is called melanite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The specimen seen here is a well-formed, dodecahedral crystal of deep reddish almandine garnet that is mostly coated by greenish chlorite from the chlorite schist host rock.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Provenance: the original Albert Edward Foote of Philadelphia mineral dealer label is attached to one of the crystal's faces.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: unrecorded locality in Madison County, western North Carolina, USA (but likely from the Little Pine Garnet Mine along Caney Fork Road, ~~3.2 air-miles southwest of the town of Marshall in southern Madison County)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of almandine:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=452\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Photo gallery of grossular:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=1755\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Photo gallery of spessartine:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=3725\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Photo gallery of andradite:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=223\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Photo gallery of melanite:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=7443",2387,2589,{"id":469,"source_url":470,"license_code":453,"credit_html":471,"title":472,"description":473,"author":457,"original_width":474,"original_height":475},83162,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113749696","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113749696\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine garnet (North Creek area, New York State, USA) 2.jpg","Almandine garnet from the Precambrian of New York State, USA. (~10.5 centimeters across at its widest)\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are about 5400 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Garnet is a group of silicate minerals.  Garnets are expected to be red to dark red in color - many of them are, but several garnet varieties can be other colors, including purple, orange, olive green, deep green, and black.  Garnets form 12-sided crystals (dodecahedrons) or crystals with even more faces on them.  The crystals become more and more rounded as the crystal face number increases.  Garnet has a nonmetallic, glassy luster, whitish streak, is quite hard (H = 7), has no cleavage, and has conchoidal fracture.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Common examples of garnet include almandine, grossular, spessartine, and andradite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Almandine is an iron-aluminum garnet (ideally Fe3Al2Si3O12 - iron aluminum silicate).  Almandine is the most common type of garnet - it is commonly encountered as well formed crystals in schists.  It is also found in some igneous rocks.  Almandine is classically used as a mineral indicator of regional metamorphism.  Initially, the development of large, undeformed garnets in metamorphic rocks may seem odd.  However, some metamorphic minerals ignore external pressures as they grow.  Staurolite and pyrite, both common metamorphic minerals, do the same thing.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Grossular is a calcium-aluminum garnet (ideally Ca3Al2Si3O12 - calcium aluminum silicate).  It typically forms after argillaceous limestones have been contact metamorphosed or regionally metamorphosed.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Spessartine is a manganese-aluminum garnet (ideally Mn3Al2Si3O12 - manganese aluminum silicate).  It is typically reddish to brownish in color.  It is often reported in skarns (contact metamorphosed rocks) and rocks enriched in manganese.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Andradite is the most common variety of calcium garnet.  Andradite is a calcium-iron garnet (Ca3Fe2Si3O12 - calcium iron silicate).  It varies in color from yellowish to greenish to brownish to blackish.  Green, chromium-bearing andradite is called demantoid.  Black, titanium-bearing andradite is called melanite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The large garnet shown above is almandine from New York State's Adirondack Mountains.  In the eastern Adirondacks, \"big garnets\" are famously known from the North Creek and Warrensburg areas (e.g., see Hollocher et al., 2008).  This specimen was likely derived from a Precambrian amphibolite host rock.  The closely-spaced fractures are parting planes.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: unrecorded\u002Fundisclosed site at or near the town of North Creek, eastern Adirondack Mountains, northern Warren County, northern New York State, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of almandine:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=452\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Photo gallery of grossular:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=1755\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Photo gallery of spessartine:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=3725\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Photo gallery of andradite:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=223\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Photo gallery of melanite:\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=7443\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Reference cited:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nHollocher et al. (2008) - Petrology of big garnet amphibolites, North Creek-Warrensburg area, Adirondacks, NY.  Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 40(2): 21.",2524,2464,{"id":477,"source_url":478,"license_code":453,"credit_html":479,"title":480,"description":473,"author":457,"original_width":481,"original_height":482},83163,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113749697","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113749697\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine garnet (North Creek area, New York State, USA) 1.jpg",2357,2421,{"id":484,"source_url":485,"license_code":332,"credit_html":486,"title":487,"description":488,"author":336,"original_width":431,"original_height":338},32134,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6934946","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6934946\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Garnet, mica 1.jpg","garnet var. almandine, mica var. muscovite : Hunza Valley, Gilgit District, Baltistan, Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Areas), Pakistan",{"id":490,"source_url":491,"license_code":292,"credit_html":492,"title":493,"description":494,"author":296,"original_width":399,"original_height":495},32141,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154693","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154693\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muscovite-Almandine-188163.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Little Pine Garnet Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMarshall\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Marshall\">Marshall\u003C\u002Fa>, Madison County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorth_Carolina\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:North Carolina\">North Carolina\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5516.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 13.4 x 11.4 x 0.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a very large muscovite crystal, with perfect cleavage, shiny and transparent, with a cluster of weirdly flattened, gemmy red almandines included within it.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",503,{"id":497,"source_url":498,"license_code":292,"credit_html":499,"title":500,"description":501,"author":296,"original_width":366,"original_height":502},32144,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456195","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456195\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine-Muscovite-pas-128a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuscovite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Muscovite\">Muscovite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSpruce_Pine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Spruce Pine\">Spruce Pine\u003C\u002Fa>, Spruce Pine District, Mitchell County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorth_Carolina\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:North Carolina\">North Carolina\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4041.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 9.1 x 7.3 x 0.1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Almandine Garnet in Muscovite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A beautiful \"windowpane\" muscovite cleavage with bright, gemmy, sparkling red garnets sitting inside! Note it is like a sheet of plastic...you can see through to the stand behind it. Classic old material from this important historic locality. While mined into the later 1900s, most specimens of later years were ugly and dull incomparison to the bright association here.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",627,{"id":504,"source_url":505,"license_code":292,"credit_html":506,"title":507,"description":420,"author":421,"original_width":508,"original_height":509},32145,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27631755","Moha112100, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27631755\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Garnet Almandine Muscovite.jpg",465,412,{"id":511,"source_url":512,"license_code":306,"credit_html":513,"title":514,"description":515,"author":516,"original_width":366,"original_height":383},692,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8261676","Piotr Sosnowski, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8261676\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Granit fluidalny z granatami.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGranite\" title=\"Granite\">Granite\u003C\u002Fa> with the fluidized texture, and with \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGarnet\" title=\"Garnet\">garnet\u003C\u002Fa> (\u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fw\u002Findex.php?title=Almandine&action=edit&redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Almandine (page does not exist)\">almandine\u003C\u002Fa>). Visible also twins of potassic \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFeldspar\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Feldspar\">feldspar\u003C\u002Fa>.","Piotr Sosnowski",{"id":518,"source_url":519,"license_code":332,"credit_html":520,"title":521,"description":522,"author":523,"original_width":422,"original_height":524},18106,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=32500047","John Krygier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=32500047\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Omphacite, Almandine-283728.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOmphacite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Omphacite\">Omphacite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa> (Dimensions: 1.5\" x 1.5\" x 1.5\")\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Nordfjord, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: Nice green\u002Fred\u002Forange contrast on a small sample of eclogite consisting of green omphacite and red almindine garnet. The gold\u002Forange mineral is possibly altered olivine, according to a MINDAT reviewer.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","John Krygier",768,{"id":526,"source_url":527,"license_code":332,"credit_html":528,"title":529,"description":530,"author":523,"original_width":422,"original_height":524},18107,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=32500125","John Krygier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=32500125\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Omphacite, Almandine-283727.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOmphacite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Omphacite\">Omphacite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa> (Dimensions: 4\" x 2.5\" x 1.5\")\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Nordfjord, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: Chunk of eclogite consisting of green omphacite and red almindine garnet. Eclogite forms during subduction (over 35km deep) under high pressure in the mantle (lowest part of Earth's crust) and thus useful for studying plate tectonics.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":532,"source_url":533,"license_code":306,"credit_html":534,"title":535,"description":536,"author":310,"original_width":537,"original_height":538},20224,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8089907","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8089907\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","AlmandinInde.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa>  - Facet cutting  - 3ct64",3697,2386,{"id":540,"source_url":541,"license_code":453,"credit_html":542,"title":543,"description":544,"author":457,"original_width":545,"original_height":546},20227,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=159336337","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=159336337\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine garnet 2.jpg","A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 6100 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Garnet is a group of silicate minerals.  Garnets are expected to be red to dark red in color - many of them are, but several garnet varieties can be other colors, including purple, orange, olive green, deep green, and black.  Garnets form 12-sided crystals (dodecahedrons) or crystals with even more faces on them.  The crystals become more and more rounded as the crystal face number increases.  Garnet has a nonmetallic, glassy luster, whitish streak, is quite hard (H = 7), has no cleavage, and has conchoidal fracture.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Common examples of garnet include almandine, grossular, spessartine, and andradite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Almandine is an iron-aluminum garnet (ideally Fe3Al2Si3O12 - iron aluminum silicate) - it is the most common type of garnet.  This variety is commonly found as well formed crystals in schists.  It is also found in some igneous rocks.  Almandine is classically used as a mineral indicator of regional metamorphism.  Prima facie, the development of large, undeformed garnets in metamorphic rocks seems odd.  However, some metamorphic minerals ignore external pressures as they grow.  Staurolite and pyrite, both common metamorphic minerals, do the same thing.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of almandine garnet:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=452",1720,1657,{"id":548,"source_url":549,"license_code":453,"credit_html":550,"title":551,"description":544,"author":457,"original_width":552,"original_height":553},20228,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=159336341","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=159336341\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine garnet 1.jpg",1746,1612,{"id":555,"source_url":556,"license_code":292,"credit_html":557,"title":558,"description":559,"author":296,"original_width":399,"original_height":560},22643,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176204","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176204\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine-Spessartine-Series-164909.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine-Spessartine_Series\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine-Spessartine Series\">Almandine-Spessartine Series\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Ialamitana, Sahanivotry Commune, Antsirabé 2 District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVakinankaratra\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vakinankaratra\">Vakinankaratra Region\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAntananarivo_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Antananarivo Province\">Antananarivo Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Madagascar (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-73010.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.4 x 6.3 x 6.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is not Pakistani, but a huge and fine Madagascar garnet - almost 2.5 cm across! It has super luster, sharp faces and deep burgundy color. And, it is isolated right in the top-middle of the contrasting matrix, so it shows very dramatically. This super garnet is out of the garnet collection of Bill Larson.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",554,{"id":562,"source_url":563,"license_code":292,"credit_html":564,"title":565,"description":566,"author":567,"original_width":568,"original_height":569},31739,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162900951","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162900951\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Alabandin, Rhodochrosit-70487 2.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlabandite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Alabandite\">Alabandite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRhodochrosite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rhodochrosite\">Rhodochrosite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tombstone, Arizona, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","HolDu",4628,3064,{"id":571,"source_url":572,"license_code":332,"credit_html":573,"title":574,"description":575,"author":576,"original_width":383,"original_height":383},33111,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955898","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955898\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Annite w-almandine Basic potassium iron aluminum silicate and fluoride Kawai Mine Ena shi Gifu Prefecture Japan 2083.jpg","These mineral images are free to use how you wish.","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com",{"id":578,"source_url":579,"license_code":292,"credit_html":580,"title":581,"description":582,"author":296,"original_width":298,"original_height":349},65242,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10448186","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10448186\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine-Staurolite-es123b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FStaurolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Staurolite\">Staurolite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Keivy Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: cabinet, 11.1 x 9.8 x 3.9 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Staurolite with Almandine Garnet\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Growing out of a matrix of garnet-mica schist is a most unusual specimen: It features lustrous, brown, staurolite crystals, some doubly terminated and up to 6 cm in length. To top it off, there are several purplish-red garnet crystals, up to 2 cm across on the staurolite. This is definitely not a common occurrence and I cannot recall seeing the association, in fact.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":584,"source_url":585,"license_code":306,"credit_html":586,"title":587,"description":588,"author":589,"original_width":590,"original_height":591},75731,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113747246","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113747246\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 426 - Grenat Almandin (Nantes, France).jpg","Grenat Almandin, en provenance de Nantes (France), au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",2584,2012,{"id":593,"source_url":594,"license_code":292,"credit_html":595,"title":596,"description":597,"author":296,"original_width":399,"original_height":598},76986,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165348","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165348\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Clinochlore-Almandine-240144.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FClinochlore\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Clinochlore\">Clinochlore\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: Clinochlore), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine\">Almandine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Michigamme Mine (Mt Shasta mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMichigamme\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Michigamme\">Michigamme\u003C\u002Fa>, Marquette iron range, Marquette County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMichigan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Michigan\">Michigan\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-12364.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.4 x 6.3 x 4.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Ripidolite is a relatively rare variety of clinochlore, a chlorite group species. This old-time cabinet specimen features dark, greenish-gray ripidolite after sharp almandine garnet dodecahedrons set in greenstone matrix from the old Michigamme Iron Mine of Michigan. The pseudomoprhs reach 2.1 cm on this fine specimen. Excellent material from this historic mine. Ex. George Elling Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",429,{"id":600,"source_url":601,"license_code":292,"credit_html":602,"title":603,"description":604,"author":296,"original_width":605,"original_height":399},80133,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176126","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176126\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Almandine-Spessartine-Series-157175.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlmandine-Spessartine_Series\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Almandine-Spessartine Series\">Almandine-Spessartine Series\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Ialamitana, Sahanivotry Commune, Antsirabé 2 District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVakinankaratra\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vakinankaratra\">Vakinankaratra Region\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAntananarivo_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Antananarivo Province\">Antananarivo Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Madagascar (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-73010.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.1 x 1.9 x 1.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A sharp, textbook crystal of spessartine, not your usual Pakistani one but an uncommon one from Madagascar. It is perched on a perfectly-trimmed natural \"base\" of matrix. The crystal itself measures 1.4 cm. It is shown here under natural light, but under strong light you can see flashes of red - it is actually a deep red all through. Ex. Noted thumbnail collection of Allan Young. [Note: The garnets from Ialamitana, has been found to be an  intermediate almandine-spessartine, MinRec 29, p. 132]\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",537,[607,614,619,624,630],{"id":608,"url":609,"label":610,"formula":611,"spacegroup":612,"year":613},353,"\u002Fcif\u002F353.cif","Quartieri 1995 · Ca.24 Fe1.59 Mn.039 Mg1.119 Al1.99 Cr.01 Ti.01 Si3 O12","Ca.24 Fe1.59 Mn.039 Mg1.119 Al1.99 Cr.01 Ti.01 Si3 O12","I a -3 d",1995,{"id":615,"url":616,"label":617,"formula":618,"spacegroup":612,"year":613},354,"\u002Fcif\u002F354.cif","Quartieri 1995 · (Ca.51 Fe1.431 Mn.039 Mg1.02) Al2 Si3 O12","(Ca.51 Fe1.431 Mn.039 Mg1.02) Al2 Si3 O12",{"id":620,"url":621,"label":622,"formula":623,"spacegroup":612,"year":613},355,"\u002Fcif\u002F355.cif","Quartieri 1995 · Ca.51 Fe1.56 Mn.039 Mg.921 (Al1.99 Ti.01) Si3 O12","Ca.51 Fe1.56 Mn.039 Mg.921 (Al1.99 Ti.01) Si3 O12",{"id":625,"url":626,"label":627,"formula":628,"spacegroup":612,"year":629},356,"\u002Fcif\u002F356.cif","Woodland 1994 · Fe3.3 Al1.7 Si3 O12","Fe3.3 Al1.7 Si3 O12",1994,{"id":631,"url":632,"label":633,"formula":634,"spacegroup":612,"year":629},357,"\u002Fcif\u002F357.cif","Woodland 1994 · Fe4.67 Ca.33 Si3 O12","Fe4.67 Ca.33 Si3 O12",[636,637,638,639,640,641,642,643,644,645,646],"Adelaide ruby","Adelaide-rubin","Alabandicus (of Pliny)","Alabandine Ruby","Alamandine","Almandine Garnet","Almandit","Almandita","Almandite","Greenlandite (of Klaproth)","Oriental Garnet",[648,652,659,663,667,671,675,678,681,685,689,692,698,702,708,712,716,721,726,729,733,736,739,743,748,753,757,761,765,768,771,774,778,781,785,791,795,799,802,806,809,812,816,819,823,826,829,832,835,838,841,844,847,850,853,857],{"lang":649,"names":650},"af",[651],"Almandiet",{"lang":653,"names":654},"an",[655,656,657,658],"Alabandina","Alebandina","Almandín","Almandina",{"lang":660,"names":661},"ar",[662],"ألمندين",{"lang":664,"names":665},"ast",[666],"Granate Almandinu",{"lang":668,"names":669},"az",[670],"Almandin",{"lang":672,"names":673},"be",[674],"Альмандын",{"lang":676,"names":677},"be-tarask",[674],{"lang":679,"names":680},"be-x-old",[674],{"lang":682,"names":683},"bg",[684],"Алмандин",{"lang":686,"names":687},"ca",[688],"almandina",{"lang":690,"names":691},"cs",[670],{"lang":693,"names":694},"de",[695,670,696,697],"Alabandin","Eisen-Tonerdegranat","Eisentongranat",{"lang":699,"names":700},"el",[701],"Αλμανδίνης",{"lang":703,"names":704},"es",[688,705,706,707],"almandines","almandino","almandita",{"lang":709,"names":710},"et",[711],"almandiin",{"lang":713,"names":714},"eu",[715],"Almandino",{"lang":717,"names":718},"fa",[719,720],"آلماندین","الماندین",{"lang":722,"names":723},"fr",[640,724,644,725],"almandin","Dhanrasite",{"lang":727,"names":728},"gl",[655],{"lang":730,"names":731},"he",[732],"אלמנדין",{"lang":734,"names":735},"hr",[670],{"lang":737,"names":738},"hu",[724],{"lang":740,"names":741},"hy",[742],"ալմանդին",{"lang":744,"names":745},"it",[746,747,706],"almandine","almandini",{"lang":749,"names":750},"ja",[751,752],"アルマンディン","鉄礬柘榴石",{"lang":754,"names":755},"ka",[756],"ალმანდინი",{"lang":758,"names":759},"kk",[760],"Альмандин",{"lang":762,"names":763},"kk-arab",[764],"الماندىين",{"lang":766,"names":767},"kk-cn",[764],{"lang":769,"names":770},"kk-cyrl",[760],{"lang":772,"names":773},"kk-kz",[760],{"lang":775,"names":776},"kk-latn",[777],"Alʹmandïn",{"lang":779,"names":780},"kk-tr",[777],{"lang":782,"names":783},"ko",[784],"알만딘",{"lang":786,"names":787},"lt",[788,789,790],"Almadinas","Almandinas","Almanditas",{"lang":792,"names":793},"lv",[794],"almandīns",{"lang":796,"names":797},"mk",[798],"алмандин",{"lang":800,"names":801},"nb",[724],{"lang":803,"names":804},"nl",[805,651],"almandien",{"lang":807,"names":808},"nn",[724],{"lang":810,"names":811},"no",[670],{"lang":813,"names":814},"pl",[815],"almandyn",{"lang":817,"names":818},"ro",[724],{"lang":820,"names":821},"ru",[822],"альмандин",{"lang":824,"names":825},"sh",[670],{"lang":827,"names":828},"sk",[657],{"lang":830,"names":831},"sl",[724],{"lang":833,"names":834},"sr",[798],{"lang":836,"names":837},"sr-ec",[684],{"lang":839,"names":840},"sr-el",[670],{"lang":842,"names":843},"sv",[670],{"lang":845,"names":846},"tg",[684],{"lang":848,"names":849},"uk",[760],{"lang":851,"names":852},"uz",[670],{"lang":854,"names":855},"zh",[856],"鐵鋁榴石",{"lang":858,"names":859},"zh-hant",[856],"Q273663",{"history":862,"applications":866},{"markdown":863,"model_version":864,"prompt_version":865,"reviewed_at":11},"The name **almandine** is a corruption of *alabandicus* — the term Pliny the Elder applied to a red stone found or worked at Alabanda, an ancient town in Caria, in what is now southwestern Turkey[1]. Alabanda was a Roman-era gem cutting centre, and the name suggests almandine was fashioned into gemstones there[2].\n\nIn antiquity, the deep red almandine was the most prominent of several stones grouped under the Latin word *carbunculus* — \"little coal\" — for their glowing colour. Red garnets were the most commonly used gemstones in the Late Antique Roman world and in the Migration Period art of the peoples who succeeded Rome[3]. They were set into gold cells in the **cloisonné** technique — small compartments of metal each holding one polished stone — a style so closely associated with garnet that it is often simply called garnet cloisonné[3]. The technique runs from Anglo-Saxon England, as at the Sutton Hoo ship burial, to the Black Sea[3]. The trade in raw stones reached far: thousands of gold, silver, and red garnet shipments moved from Tamraparniyan workshops, in what is now Sri Lanka, across the Old World to Rome, Greece, the Middle East, and the Anglo-Saxon north[3].\n\nThrough the medieval period, the gem-quality red almandine continued to be called **carbuncle** in European lapidaries. The English word descends from the same Latin *carbunculus*, and it remains the name applied to almandine cut with a domed face — *en cabochon* — to bring out the colour[4].\n\nThe modern mineral name was fixed in 1546, when the German mineralogist Georgius Agricola — Georg Bauer — published it as *almandine* in his early mineralogical writings, deriving it directly from Pliny's *alabandicus*[2].","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":867,"model_version":864,"prompt_version":865,"reviewed_at":11},"Almandine has two working lives today: one as a gemstone, the other as the dominant raw material of the industrial garnet trade.\n\n### As an abrasive\n\nThe coarse, opaque varieties of almandine are crushed for use as an abrasive agent[1]. Hard — between 6.5 and 7.5 on the Mohs scale — and angular when broken, the mineral powder cuts metals and other hard materials cleanly. **Garnet sand** is a good abrasive and a common replacement for silica sand in abrasive blasting operations[2]. The grain shape matters: alluvial grains, rounder from river transport, suit blasting; angular grains broken from hard rock suit waterjet cutting, where the powder is mixed with very high pressure water to slice steel and other materials[2]. Garnet paper, faced with finely sized grains, is favoured by cabinetmakers for finishing bare wood[2], and garnet sand is also used as a water filtration medium[2].\n\nThe supply base sits with two countries. The largest source today is garnet-rich beach sand on the coasts of India and Australia. These two are the main producers of abrasive garnet[2].\\\nA third, harder stream comes from the **Adirondack Mountains** of New York. The open-pit Barton Garnet Mine at Gore Mountain, in Warren County, is a significant source of industrial abrasive[2]. It also yields the world's largest single garnet crystals, commonly 10 to 18 centimetres across[2].\n\n### As a gemstone\n\nGem-quality almandine — transparent, deep red inclining to purple — is the most abundant of the garnets[3] and the least expensive of the red ones. It is most often faceted for rings[3]. Stones cut *en cabochon* — with a domed top — are sold as **carbuncle**, the same trade name the gem has carried since antiquity[4]. Some cabochons show a four-rayed asterism — a star-shaped figure across the dome — when fine needle-shaped inclusions inside the stone are aligned by the crystal's structure[3]."]