[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:213":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":14,"elements":15,"sigelements":18,"key_elements":19,"impurities":20,"cim":21,"ima_status":22,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":25,"strunz10ed1":26,"strunz10ed2":27,"strunz10ed3":27,"strunz10ed4":28,"dana8ed1":26,"dana8ed2":26,"dana8ed3":26,"dana8ed4":29,"csystem":30,"cclass":31,"spacegroup":32,"spacegroupset":33,"a":34,"b":33,"c":35,"alpha":33,"beta":33,"gamma":33,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":36,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":37,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":38,"tlform":11,"hmin":39,"hmax":40,"hardtype":41,"vhnmin":42,"vhnmax":43,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":44,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":45,"dmeas2":46,"dcalc":47,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":48,"lustretype":49,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":50,"streak":51,"colour":52,"commentcolor":53,"colors":54,"streak_colors":65,"luminescence":66,"uv":67,"cleavage":68,"cleavagetype":69,"fracturetype":70,"tenacity":71,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":72,"opticalsign":73,"opticalalpha":33,"opticalalpha2":33,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":33,"opticalbeta2":33,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":33,"opticalgamma2":33,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":74,"opticalomega2":33,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":75,"opticalepsilon2":33,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":33,"opticaln2":33,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":33,"optical2vcalc2":33,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":33,"optical2vmeasured2":33,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":76,"rimax":77,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":78,"opticalpleochorismdesc":79,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":80,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":81,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":82,"other":83,"industrial":11,"occurrence":84,"otheroccurrence":85,"type_specimen_store":86,"description_short":87,"aboutname":88,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":89,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":90,"group_members":99,"associates":100,"confused_with":175,"type_localities":185,"occurrence_total":190,"citations":191,"images":328,"structures":591,"synonyms":612,"language_names":628,"wikidata_qid":799,"texts":800},213,"1:1:213:8","da34ce72-5e1b-475f-9bbf-66ae210401f7","Anatase","Ant",0,"mineral",null,68209,false,"TiO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",[16,17],"Ti","O",[16,17],[16],"Fe,Sn,V,Nb","7.9.3",[23,24],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1801","4","D","05","1","Tetragonal",27,178,"0","3.7845","9.5143",4,"Rare, on {112}","Crystals typically acute dipyramidal {011}, often highly modified; obtuse pyramidal or tabular on {001}; less commonly prismatic on [001], with {110}, {010}\r\n\r\n",5.5,6,3,"616","698",100,"3.79","3.97","3.89","Adamantine to metallic-adamantine in darker colored specimens.","Adamantine,Metallic","Transparent,Translucent","White to pale yellow","Brown, pale yellow or reddish brown, indigo, black; pale green, pale lilac, grey, rarely nearly colourless; brown, yellow-brown, pale green, blue in transmitted light.","Transparent when light coloured, to nearly opaque when deeply colored. Pyramidal crystals may appear opaque because of total reflection.",[55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64],"brown","yellow","red","black","green","blue","purple","gray","white","colorless",[63,56],"None","Not fluorescent.","on {001} and {011}","Perfect","Sub-Conchoidal","brittle","Uniaxial","-","2.5612","2.488",2.488,2.5612,"Weak","stronger in deeply coloured crystals","Deeply coloured crystals may be anomalously biaxial","(23.7, 23.8) 400 nm,\r\n(22.4, 22.5) 420 nm,\r\n(21.7, 21.6) 440 nm,\r\n(21.1, 21.0) 460 nm,\r\n(20.7, 20.4) 480 nm,\r\n(20.2, 20.0) 500 nm,\r\n(19.9, 19.6) 520 nm,\r\n(19.6, 19.3) 540 nm,\r\n(19.4, 19.0) 560 nm,\r\n(19.2, 18.8) 580 nm,\r\n(19.0, 18.5) 600 nm,\r\n(18.8, 18.4) 620 nm,\r\n(18.7, 18.2) 640 nm,\r\n(18.6, 18.1) 660 nm,\r\n(18.5, 18.0) 680 nm,\r\n(18.4, 17.8) 700 nm","Before the blowpipe, infusible.","Not soluble in acids.","Alpine veins, derived from the enclosing gneisses or schists by hydrothermal solutions.","Usually secondary, derived from other titanium-bearing minerals. In alpine veins, derived from the enclosing gneisses or schists by hydrothermal solutions. In igneous and\r\nmetamorphic rocks; in pegmatites; from a carbonatite. A common detrital mineral.","National History Museum, Paris, France","Anatase is one of the five forms of titanium dioxide found in nature.\r\n\r\nCompare anatase-columbite solid solution.","Named in 1801 by Rene Just Haüy from the Greek ανάτασις (\"anatasis\") for \"extension,\" in allusion to the length of the pyramidal faces being longer in relation to their bases than in many tetragonal minerals. ","2025-09-12 13:01:08",[91,96],{"id":92,"name":93,"entrytype":94,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":95,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":33,"dcalc":33,"primary_image_id":11},10345,"Niobium-bearing Anatase",2,"(Ti,Nb)O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",{"id":97,"name":98,"entrytype":94,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},4595,"Xanthitane",[],[101,109,116,125,133,141,148,156,160,168],{"id":102,"name":103,"entrytype":9,"csystem":104,"ima_formula":105,"mindat_formula":106,"hmin":94,"hmax":94,"dmeas":107,"dcalc":108,"primary_image_id":11},31499,"Braithwaiteite","Triclinic","NaCu\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(Sb\u003Csup>5+\u003C\u002Fsup>Ti\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>)O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>[AsO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)]\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","NaCu\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(Ti\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>Sb\u003Csup>5+\u003C\u002Fsup>)(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(HAsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> ·8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.442","3.753",{"id":110,"name":111,"entrytype":9,"csystem":112,"ima_formula":14,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":39,"hmax":40,"dmeas":113,"dcalc":114,"primary_image_id":115},787,"Brookite","Orthorhombic","4.08","4.133",4019,{"id":117,"name":118,"entrytype":9,"csystem":119,"ima_formula":120,"mindat_formula":120,"hmin":121,"hmax":40,"dmeas":122,"dcalc":123,"primary_image_id":124},1856,"Hematite","Trigonal","Fe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",5,"5.26","5.255",29858,{"id":126,"name":127,"entrytype":9,"csystem":119,"ima_formula":128,"mindat_formula":129,"hmin":121,"hmax":40,"dmeas":130,"dcalc":131,"primary_image_id":132},2013,"Ilmenite","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Ti\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>TiO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.68","4.789",29925,{"id":134,"name":135,"entrytype":9,"csystem":119,"ima_formula":136,"mindat_formula":136,"hmin":137,"hmax":137,"dmeas":138,"dcalc":139,"primary_image_id":140},3337,"Quartz","SiO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",7,"2.65","2.66",30579,{"id":142,"name":143,"entrytype":9,"csystem":30,"ima_formula":14,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":40,"hmax":144,"dmeas":145,"dcalc":146,"primary_image_id":147},3486,"Rutile",6.5,"4.23","4.25",30644,{"id":149,"name":150,"entrytype":9,"csystem":151,"ima_formula":152,"mindat_formula":152,"hmin":121,"hmax":39,"dmeas":153,"dcalc":154,"primary_image_id":155},3977,"Titanite","Monoclinic","CaTi(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)O","3.48","3.53",30848,{"id":157,"name":158,"entrytype":94,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":159,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":33,"dcalc":33,"primary_image_id":11},3978,"Titanium-bearing Magnetite","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Ti)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",{"id":161,"name":162,"entrytype":9,"csystem":112,"ima_formula":163,"mindat_formula":164,"hmin":40,"hmax":40,"dmeas":165,"dcalc":166,"primary_image_id":167},4034,"Tsaregorodtsevite","N(CH\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiAl)O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>","(N(CH\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(AlSi\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>)","2.04","2.01",24628,{"id":169,"name":170,"entrytype":9,"csystem":30,"ima_formula":171,"mindat_formula":171,"hmin":36,"hmax":121,"dmeas":172,"dcalc":173,"primary_image_id":174},4333,"Xenotime-(Y)","Y(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","4.4","4.277",28346,[176,179,180,184],{"id":177,"name":178,"entrytype":9,"csystem":151,"ima_formula":14,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},35912,"Akaogiite",{"id":110,"name":111,"entrytype":9,"csystem":112,"ima_formula":14,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":39,"hmax":40,"dmeas":113,"dcalc":114,"primary_image_id":115},{"id":181,"name":182,"entrytype":9,"csystem":151,"ima_formula":14,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":183,"primary_image_id":11},51474,"Riesite","4.37",{"id":142,"name":143,"entrytype":9,"csystem":30,"ima_formula":14,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":40,"hmax":144,"dmeas":145,"dcalc":146,"primary_image_id":147},[186],{"id":187,"txt":188,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":189},10166,"Saint-Christophe-en-Oisans, Grenoble, Isère, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France","France",2289,[192,196,200,204,208,212,216,220,223,227,232,236,240,244,248,252,256,261,264,269,274,279,284,289,293,296,301,305,310,315,319,323],{"id":193,"year":194,"html":195,"doi":11},12960850,1801,"Haüy, René Just (1801) \u003Ci>Traité de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fi> (1st ed.) Vol. 3. Chez Louis, Paris. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Ftraitdeminralog03goog\u002Ftraitdeminralog03goog.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":197,"year":198,"html":199,"doi":11},12911330,1852,"Brooke, Henry J., Phillips, William (1852) \u003Ci>An Elementary Introduction to Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (6th ed.) \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fbub_gb_mxsIAAAAIAAJ\u002Fbub_gb_mxsIAAAAIAAJ.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":201,"year":202,"html":203,"doi":11},16100427,1872,"Brezina, A. (1872) Mineralogische Mittheilungen, 2, 7.",{"id":205,"year":206,"html":207,"doi":11},16100428,1906,"Palache, C. (1906) On actahedrite, brookite, and titanite from Somerville, Massachusetts, U.S.A.. Festchrift Harry Rosenbusch, 311-321. (as octahedrite)",{"id":209,"year":210,"html":211,"doi":11},16100429,1911,"Warren, C.H., Palache, C. (1911) The Pegmatites of the Riebeckite-Aegirite Granite of Quincy, Mass., U.S.A.; Their Structure, Minerals, and Origin. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 47(4), 125-168. (as octahedrite)",{"id":213,"year":214,"html":215,"doi":11},16100430,1916,"Vegard, L. (1916) Results of crystal analysis. Philosophical Magazine, 32(187), 65-96.",{"id":217,"year":218,"html":219,"doi":11},16100431,1923,"Parker, R.L. (1923) Zur Kristallographie von Anatas und Rutil. (I. Teil. Morphologie des Anatas). Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 58: 522-582.",{"id":221,"year":218,"html":222,"doi":11},16100432,"Parker, R.L. (1923) Zur Kristallographie von Anatas und Rutil. (II. Teil. Die Anatasstruktur). Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 59: 1-54.",{"id":224,"year":225,"html":226,"doi":11},16100433,1926,"Vegard, L. (1926) Results of crystal analysis. Philosophical Magazine, Ser7, 1(5), 1151-1193.",{"id":228,"year":229,"html":230,"doi":231},104003,1928,"Sehröder, Alfred (1928) Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Feinbaues des Brookits und des physikalischen Verhaltens sowie derZustandsänderungen der drei natürlichen Titandioxyde. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  67 (1-6). 485-542 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1928.67.1.485'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1928.67.1.485\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1928.67.1.485",{"id":233,"year":234,"html":235,"doi":11},16111178,1934,"Bader, H. (1934) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gesteine und Minerallagerstätten des Binnentals. Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen: 14(2): 319-441. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.e-periodica.ch\u002Fcntmng?pid=smp-001%3A1934%3A14%3A%3A591",{"id":237,"year":238,"html":239,"doi":11},16100436,1942,"Schoßberger, F. (1942) Über die Umwandlungen des Titandioxyds. Journal of Solid State Chemistry: 104: 358-374.",{"id":241,"year":238,"html":242,"doi":243},105789,"Schoßberger, F. (1942) Über die Umwandlung des Titandioxyds. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  104 (1-6). 358-374 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1942.104.1.358'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1942.104.1.358\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fzk\u002Fvol104\u002FZK104_358.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1942.104.1.358",{"id":245,"year":246,"html":247,"doi":11},1118651,1944,"Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.",{"id":249,"year":250,"html":251,"doi":11},16100438,1955,"Cromer, D.T., Herrington, K. (1955) The structures of anatase and rutile. Journal of the American Chemical Society: 77: 4708-4709.",{"id":253,"year":254,"html":255,"doi":11},16100439,1962,"Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., Zussman, J. (1962) Rock-forming minerals, Vol. 5, Non-Silicates: 40-43.",{"id":257,"year":258,"html":259,"doi":260},401385,1964,"Frey, Michel, Monier, Jean-Claude (1964) Étude d'interprétation structurale de macles de l'anatase. \u003Ci>Bulletin de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fi>,  87 (1) 39-47 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1964.5698'>doi:10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1964.5698\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1964.5698",{"id":262,"year":258,"html":263,"doi":11},524112,"Mitchell, Richard S. (1964) Pseudomorphs of anatase after sphene from Roanoke County, Virginia. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  49 (7-8) 1136-1138 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM49\u002FAM49_1136.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":265,"year":266,"html":267,"doi":268},4082961,1967,"BEARD, W. C., FOSTER, W. R. (1967) High‐Temperature Formation of Anatase. \u003Ci>Journal of the American Ceramic Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  50 (9). 493 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1151-2916.1967.tb15173.x'>doi:10.1111\u002Fj.1151-2916.1967.tb15173.x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1111\u002Fj.1151-2916.1967.tb15173.x",{"id":270,"year":271,"html":272,"doi":273},108485,1972,"Horn, M., Schwerdtfeger, C. F., Meagher, E. P. (1972) Refinement of the structure of anatase at several temperatures. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  136 (3). 273-281 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1972.136.3-4.273'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1972.136.3-4.273\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fzk\u002Fvol136\u002FZK136_273.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1972.136.3-4.273",{"id":275,"year":276,"html":277,"doi":278},3068043,1975,"Izumi, Fujio, Fujiki, Yoshinori (1975) HYDROTHERMAL GROWTH OF ANATASE (TiO2) CRYSTALS. \u003Ci>Chemistry Letters\u003C\u002Fi>, 4 (1). 77-78 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1246\u002Fcl.1975.77'>doi:10.1246\u002Fcl.1975.77\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1246\u002Fcl.1975.77",{"id":280,"year":281,"html":282,"doi":283},2404669,1978,"Ohsaka, Toshiaki, Izumi, Fujio, Fujiki, Yoshinori (1978) Raman spectrum of anatase, TiO2. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 7 (6). 321-324 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.1250070606'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.1250070606\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.1250070606",{"id":285,"year":286,"html":287,"doi":288},11195491,1980,"Ohsaka, Toshiaki (1980) Temperature Dependence of the Raman Spectrum in Anatase TiO2. \u003Ci>Journal of the Physical Society of Japan\u003C\u002Fi>, 48 (5). 1661-1668 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1143\u002Fjpsj.48.1661'>doi:10.1143\u002Fjpsj.48.1661\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1143\u002Fjpsj.48.1661",{"id":290,"year":291,"html":292,"doi":11},16100442,1989,"Gou, B., Liu, Z., Cui, Q., Yang, H., Zhao Y., Zou, G. (1989) Raman study of anatase (TiO2) at high pressure. High Pressure Research: 1: 185-191.",{"id":294,"year":291,"html":295,"doi":11},16100443,"Vance, E.R., Doern, D.C. (1989) The properties of anatase pseudomorphs after titanite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 27: 495-498.",{"id":297,"year":298,"html":299,"doi":300},189884,1991,"Howard, C. J., Sabine, T. M., Dickson, F. (1991) Structural and thermal parameters for rutile and anatase. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science\u003C\u002Fi>,  47 (4) 462-468 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs010876819100335x'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs010876819100335x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs010876819100335x",{"id":302,"year":303,"html":304,"doi":11},16641619,1997,"Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. - \u003Ci>Ed.\u003C\u002Fi> (1997) \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 3 - Halides, Hydroxides, Oxides. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona. p.1-682.",{"id":306,"year":307,"html":308,"doi":309},5668380,2000,"W F Zhang; Y L He; M S Zhang; Z Yin; Q Chen (2000) Raman scattering study on anatase TiO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> nanocrystals. \u003Ci>Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics\u003C\u002Fi>,  33 (8). 912-916 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1088\u002F0022-3727\u002F33\u002F8\u002F305'>doi:10.1088\u002F0022-3727\u002F33\u002F8\u002F305\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1088\u002F0022-3727\u002F33\u002F8\u002F305",{"id":311,"year":312,"html":313,"doi":314},11211888,2004,"Sekiya, Takao; Yagisawa, Takatoshi; Kamiya, Nozomi; Das Mulmi, Deependra; Kurita, Susumu; Murakami, Yutaka; Kodaira, Tetsuya (2004) Defects in Anatase TiO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> Single Crystal Controlled by Heat Treatments. \u003Ci>Journal of the Physical Society of Japan\u003C\u002Fi>,  73 (3). 703-710 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1143\u002Fjpsj.73.703'>doi:10.1143\u002Fjpsj.73.703\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1143\u002Fjpsj.73.703",{"id":316,"year":312,"html":317,"doi":318},14173683,"Hearne, G. R.; Zhao, J.; Dawe, A. M.; Pischedda, V.; Maaza, M.; Nieuwoudt, M. K.; Kibasomba, P.; Nemraoui, O.; Comins, J. D.; Witcomb, M. J. (2004) Effect of grain size on structural transitions in anatase TiO2: A Raman spectroscopy study at high pressure. \u003Ci>Physical Review B\u003C\u002Fi>,  70 (13). 134102 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1103\u002Fphysrevb.70.134102'>doi:10.1103\u002Fphysrevb.70.134102\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1103\u002Fphysrevb.70.134102",{"id":320,"year":321,"html":322,"doi":11},16962874,2005,"(2005) Anatase. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fanatase.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":324,"year":325,"html":326,"doi":327},15664670,2023,"Lee, Taehun, Selloni, Annabella (2023) Structure and Stability of Oxygen Vacancy Aggregates in Reduced Anatase and Rutile TiO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>. \u003Ci>The Journal of Physical Chemistry C\u003C\u002Fi>, 127 (1) 627-634 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Facs.jpcc.2c06806'>doi:10.1021\u002Facs.jpcc.2c06806\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Facs.jpcc.2c06806",[329,339,345,355,361,366,375,383,392,400,409,416,424,431,441,449,458,467,476,485,495,503,508,515,523,530,537,543,551,558,565,573,579,585],{"id":330,"source_url":331,"license_code":332,"credit_html":333,"title":334,"description":335,"author":336,"original_width":337,"original_height":338},1314,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8824815","CC BY-SA 4.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8824815\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase Oisans.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa> \n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality :  St Christophe-en-Oisans, Bourg d'Oisans, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France - Topotype deposit\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size :1.7 × 1.7 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",2990,2773,{"id":340,"source_url":341,"license_code":332,"credit_html":342,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":343,"original_height":344},29085,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F91508","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F91508\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,551,{"id":346,"source_url":347,"license_code":348,"credit_html":349,"title":350,"description":351,"author":352,"original_width":353,"original_height":354},32789,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6250644","CC BY-SA 3.0","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6250644\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatas - Binnental, Schweiz.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: Binnental, Schweiz - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike)",1200,700,{"id":356,"source_url":357,"license_code":358,"credit_html":359,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":343,"original_height":360},29087,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115064","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115064\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",666,{"id":362,"source_url":363,"license_code":332,"credit_html":364,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":343,"original_height":365},29088,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F204611","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F204611\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",750,{"id":367,"source_url":368,"license_code":348,"credit_html":369,"title":370,"description":371,"author":372,"original_width":373,"original_height":374},32791,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124508","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124508\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-34689.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Dyrfonni (Dyrefonni), Viveli, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEidfjord\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Eidfjord\">Eidfjord\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHardangervidda\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hardangervidda\">Hardangervidda\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHordaland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hordaland\">Hordaland\u003C\u002Fa>, Norway (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-49556.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very sharp 1.4 cm anatase crystal perched just perfectly on a well-trimmed matrix. 5.4 x 2.6 x 2.6 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",600,538,{"id":376,"source_url":377,"license_code":348,"credit_html":378,"title":379,"description":380,"author":372,"original_width":381,"original_height":382},32792,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141510","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141510\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-131663.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-387.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.0 x 2.3 x 0.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A rare old-timer, a gem anatase, 7mm long, from Brazil. This is doubly-terminated and perched on a thin shard of quartz. Ex. Charlie Key Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",347,400,{"id":384,"source_url":385,"license_code":332,"credit_html":386,"title":387,"description":388,"author":389,"original_width":390,"original_height":391},1320,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=81701321","Paxtil, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=81701321\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-Hardangervidda.jpg","Anatase on Quartz from Hardangervidda, Norway","Paxtil",2946,3401,{"id":393,"source_url":394,"license_code":348,"credit_html":395,"title":396,"description":397,"author":372,"original_width":398,"original_height":399},32794,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165171","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165171\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-238983.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKharan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kharan\">Kharan\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBalochistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Balochistan\">Balochistan (Baluchistan)\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-56008.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.0 x 1.3 x 1.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is an outstanding anatase crystals from Pakistan. Because of the red color and gemminess to the outer layers here, these are absolutely distinct from Norwegian material from Valtres. Ex. Laura and Stevia Thompson Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",623,800,{"id":401,"source_url":402,"license_code":332,"credit_html":403,"title":404,"description":405,"author":406,"original_width":407,"original_height":408},1321,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132634049","Eric Polk, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132634049\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase NHMLA.png","Sample of Anatase collected from Binnatal, Switzerland. On display at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California.","Eric Polk",2226,1233,{"id":410,"source_url":411,"license_code":348,"credit_html":412,"title":413,"description":414,"author":372,"original_width":373,"original_height":415},32795,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441658","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441658\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-mun05-15a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKharan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kharan\">Kharan\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBalochistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Balochistan\">Balochistan (Baluchistan)\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-56008.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 1.2 x 1.2 x 1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Anatase\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An exceptionally sharp single crystal, showing gemmy blue and tan highlights around the edges, superbly representing the rare but superb anatase to have come out of Pakistan in a trickle over the last year or so. This piece is sharp, glassy, and all around top quality! 1.2 x 1.2 x 1 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",523,{"id":417,"source_url":418,"license_code":348,"credit_html":419,"title":420,"description":421,"author":372,"original_width":422,"original_height":423},32796,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10445200","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10445200\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-bem-49b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-387.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 0.7 x 0.6 x 0.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Anatase\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very old anatase from Brazil, classic in form but large in size! ex. American Museum of Natural History , Clarence Bement collection, donated in 1910 (comes with xerox of the label which went with both this and the following specimen)\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",506,544,{"id":425,"source_url":426,"license_code":348,"credit_html":427,"title":428,"description":429,"author":372,"original_width":430,"original_height":399},32799,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10467241","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10467241\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-tt30b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKharan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kharan\">Kharan\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBalochistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Balochistan\">Balochistan (Baluchistan)\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-56008.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 2.0 x 1.3 x 1.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Anatase\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is one of the largest fine anatase crystals rcovered from Zagi, to our knowledge. I have seen only 2 bigger, in good quality. Because of the red color and GEMMINESS to the uter layers here, these are absolutely distinct from Norwegian material from Valtres. This one, for size and overall color and translucency, is the best I have ever had to sell, myself. Its a phenomenal anatase for any locality, though it happens to be particularly significant from this one. If this were fro mNorway, it would cos tmore, and yet here is the more rare and novel locale?!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",669,{"id":432,"source_url":433,"license_code":434,"credit_html":435,"title":436,"description":437,"author":438,"original_width":439,"original_height":440},32800,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12823284","CC BY 3.0","John Sobolewski (JSS), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12823284\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase1 - Kharan, Balochistan, Pakistan.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Kharan, Balochistan (Baluchistan), Pakistan\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> A 4.1 by 3.4 cms matrix piece with several crystals.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","John Sobolewski (JSS)",1024,768,{"id":442,"source_url":443,"license_code":348,"credit_html":444,"title":445,"description":446,"author":447,"original_width":448,"original_height":343},32802,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865643","Christian Rewitzer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865643\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-107151.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Adra-Motril highway, Adra, Almería, Andalusia, Spain\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Picture width 2 mm. Collection and photograph Christian Rewitzer\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Christian Rewitzer",934,{"id":450,"source_url":451,"license_code":348,"credit_html":452,"title":453,"description":454,"author":455,"original_width":456,"original_height":457},32803,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=24623899","Lech Darski, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=24623899\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anataz -Kharan Mountain, Balochistan, Pakistan..jpg","Anataz -Kharan Mountain, Balochistan, Pakistan.","Lech Darski",2592,1728,{"id":459,"source_url":460,"license_code":332,"credit_html":461,"title":462,"description":463,"author":464,"original_width":465,"original_height":466},32804,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83062575","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83062575\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 201945 photo (g27 g27-277 1 jpg).jpg","\"anataas\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F91508\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F201945\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>","Mai Seppel",3996,2205,{"id":468,"source_url":469,"license_code":332,"credit_html":470,"title":471,"description":472,"author":473,"original_width":474,"original_height":475},32805,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=91328969","Patafisik, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=91328969\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase - Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Grenoble.jpg","Anatase en provenance de Norvège. Coll. Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Grenoble","Patafisik",1109,839,{"id":477,"source_url":478,"license_code":332,"credit_html":479,"title":480,"description":481,"author":482,"original_width":483,"original_height":484},32806,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113752020","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113752020\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 596 - Anatase.jpg","Anatase, au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",3216,2840,{"id":486,"source_url":487,"license_code":488,"credit_html":489,"title":490,"description":491,"author":492,"original_width":493,"original_height":494},32807,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118186545","CC BY-SA 2.0","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118186545\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase (47975540852).jpg","\u003Cp>Cassiar District\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nBritish Columbia, Canada","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada",4000,6000,{"id":496,"source_url":497,"license_code":348,"credit_html":498,"title":499,"description":500,"author":372,"original_width":501,"original_height":502},1315,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164930","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164930\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-Rutile-238653.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRutile\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rutile\">Rutile\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Cuiabá District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGouveia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gouveia\">Gouveia\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-102665.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.0 x 0.9 x 1.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An elongated group of silvery-tan colored prismatic Anatase crystals which have good luster and excellent sharpness. They are accented by small metallic golden-brown colored Rutile crystals towards the center of the specimen. These are classic specimens, and to have two Titanium Oxides together on the same piece is pretty cool. Ex. Brian Kosnar Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",466,432,{"id":504,"source_url":505,"license_code":332,"credit_html":506,"title":507,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":343,"original_height":365},29086,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F127907","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F127907\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana","Adularia",{"id":509,"source_url":510,"license_code":348,"credit_html":511,"title":512,"description":500,"author":372,"original_width":513,"original_height":514},1316,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164931","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164931\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-Rutile-238654.jpg",413,360,{"id":516,"source_url":517,"license_code":348,"credit_html":518,"title":519,"description":520,"author":372,"original_width":521,"original_height":522},32790,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10122511","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10122511\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-Albite-27274.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Albite\">Albite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHardangervidda\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hardangervidda\">Hardangervidda\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHordaland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hordaland\">Hordaland\u003C\u002Fa>, Norway (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2477.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Despite the fact that this specimen has a clean repair to the crystal,it is still a super anatase on matrix, and there just are not many around with the balanced beauty of this one. The anatase crystal is large (1.5 cm), super-lustrous, textbook in form - in other words, perfect. And, it sits just right on the matrix.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",720,689,{"id":524,"source_url":525,"license_code":348,"credit_html":526,"title":527,"description":528,"author":372,"original_width":529,"original_height":373},1317,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10166271","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10166271\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-Rutile-245497.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRutile\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rutile\">Rutile\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Matskorhæ (Matskorhae), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOdda\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Odda\">Odda\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHardangervidda\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hardangervidda\">Hardangervidda\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHordaland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hordaland\">Hordaland\u003C\u002Fa>, Norway (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2480.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very sharp, doubly terminated anatase crystal from the Jaime Bird Collection. This pristine crystal has brilliant lustre, is well-striated and is covered in micro rutile crystals. The mid-1970s Hamel Mining label states \"Tysse\" as the locality. Tysse is not a locality for anatase but a place-name of an area in the Community of Odda close to Hardangervidda where anatase is found. The label \"Tysse\" was probably given to keep the very locality a secret. This specimen looks very similar to those from the Matskorhae locality.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",437,{"id":531,"source_url":532,"license_code":348,"credit_html":533,"title":534,"description":535,"author":372,"original_width":536,"original_height":502},1318,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10173210","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10173210\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-Rutile-286275.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRutile\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rutile\">Rutile\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Cuiabá District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGouveia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gouveia\">Gouveia\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-102665.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.7 x 2.0 x 1.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An attractive group of silvery-tan colored prismatic Anatase crystals which have good luster and excellent sharpness. They are accented by small metallic golden-brown colored Rutile crystals towards the center of the specimen. These are classic specimens, and to have two Titanium Oxides together on the same piece is pretty interesting. This piece is certainly more three-dimensional than those I have encountered in the past. Ex. Brian Kosnar Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",482,{"id":538,"source_url":539,"license_code":348,"credit_html":540,"title":541,"description":535,"author":372,"original_width":542,"original_height":514},1319,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10173211","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10173211\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-Rutile-286276.jpg",435,{"id":544,"source_url":545,"license_code":348,"credit_html":546,"title":547,"description":548,"author":372,"original_width":549,"original_height":550},32793,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154601","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154601\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-Albite-187704.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Albite\">Albite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Dyrfonni (Dyrefonni), Viveli, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEidfjord\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Eidfjord\">Eidfjord\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHardangervidda\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hardangervidda\">Hardangervidda\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHordaland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hordaland\">Hordaland\u003C\u002Fa>, Norway (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-49556.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.3 x 1.5 x 1.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A superb thumbnail of a very sharp, mirror-lustre, metallic-gray anatase crystal beautifully set on contrasting, snow-white albite microcrystals from the famed Valdres Region of Norway. Ex. Gary Hansen Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",319,454,{"id":552,"source_url":553,"license_code":348,"credit_html":554,"title":555,"description":556,"author":372,"original_width":373,"original_height":557},21418,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176677","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176677\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-Sagenite-Quartz-204060.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSagenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sagenite\">Sagenite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mörchnerkar, Mörchner area, Zemmgrund, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZillertal\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zillertal\">Ziller valley\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorth_Tyrol\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:North Tyrol\">North Tyrol\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTyrol\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tyrol\">Tyrol\u003C\u002Fa>, Austria (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-57730.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.1 x 8.0 x 4.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine cabinet combination piece from the Morchnerkar area of Austria. Lustrous anatase crystals to 3 mm are scattered on a jackstraw matrix of very glassy, transparent quartz crystals. Sagenite or mesh-like, herringbone-patterned, wine-red rutile needles are located near the anatase crystals. Ex. Rolf Wein and Josef Stuckl Collections.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",447,{"id":559,"source_url":560,"license_code":348,"credit_html":561,"title":562,"description":563,"author":372,"original_width":373,"original_height":564},32798,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464662","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464662\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-Quartz-t06-23a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCurvelo\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Curvelo\">Curvelo\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-105902.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 8.5 x 7.8 x 3.8 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Quartz with Anatase and Clay Inclusions\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This piece has to be seen in person to be believed. It is an absolutely mesmerizing floater crystal with INCREDIBLE glassy lustre that looks like it was just windexed and polished (but hasnt been!), and fascinating inclusions. It has yellow color due to an odd claylike material included within, overlaying internal matrix or primary generation of quartz. On top of that layer, rest SHARP anatase crystals, some of them also twinned, to 1 cm in length. It is like looking at them down through a swimming pool, of such clarity that you wonder if it is glass or water...LITERALLY, this is a mesmerizing piece and one of the most interesting included quartzes I have handled, if not the most expensive by a long shot.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",546,{"id":566,"source_url":567,"license_code":434,"credit_html":568,"title":569,"description":570,"author":571,"original_width":572,"original_height":439},32801,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12823485","Kelly Nash, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12823485\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase - Jones Mill Quarry, Magnet Cove, Hot Spring Co, Arkansas, USA.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnatase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anatase\">Anatase\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Jones Mill (Martin Marietta) Quarry (Highway 51 Quarry; Mid-State Quarry), Magnet Cove, Hot Spring Co., Arkansas, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Anatase on Quartz, 4 cm. x 0.9 cm. x 0.6 cm., the anatase crystals are about 2 mm. long. Collected in 1998. Ex-Clyde Hardin Collection. John Fender specimen, Kelly Nash photo.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Kelly Nash",731,{"id":574,"source_url":575,"license_code":488,"credit_html":576,"title":577,"description":578,"author":492,"original_width":493,"original_height":494},32808,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118186554","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118186554\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase with Quartz (47975596691).jpg","Brazil",{"id":580,"source_url":581,"license_code":348,"credit_html":582,"title":583,"description":556,"author":372,"original_width":365,"original_height":584},21416,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176673","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176673\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-Sagenite-Quartz-204058.jpg",705,{"id":586,"source_url":587,"license_code":348,"credit_html":588,"title":589,"description":556,"author":372,"original_width":373,"original_height":590},21417,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176676","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176676\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anatase-Sagenite-Quartz-204059.jpg",527,[592,598,602,607],{"id":593,"url":594,"label":595,"formula":596,"spacegroup":597,"year":298},514,"\u002Fcif\u002F514.cif","Howard 1991","Ti O2","I 41\u002Fa m d",{"id":599,"url":600,"label":601,"formula":596,"spacegroup":597,"year":271},515,"\u002Fcif\u002F515.cif","Horn 1972",{"id":603,"url":604,"label":605,"formula":596,"spacegroup":597,"year":606},519,"\u002Fcif\u002F519.cif","Wyckoff 1963",1963,{"id":608,"url":609,"label":610,"formula":596,"spacegroup":597,"year":611},520,"\u002Fcif\u002F520.cif","Parker 1924",1924,[613,614,615,616,617,618,619,620,621,622,623,624,625,626,627],"Dauphinite","Hydrotitanite","Octaèdrit","Octaèdrita","Octaèdrite","Octahedrit","Octahedrita","Octahedrite (of Werner)","Oisanite","Oktaedrit","Schorl bleu indigo","Schorl octaedre rectanglaire","Wiserine","Xanthotitane","Xanthotitanit",[629,633,637,641,645,649,653,658,661,665,673,678,682,685,690,694,700,703,707,712,718,722,726,729,732,735,738,741,745,748,751,756,760,763,766,770,773,776,780,783,786,790,793,796],{"lang":630,"names":631},"af",[632],"Anataas",{"lang":634,"names":635},"ar",[636],"أناتاز",{"lang":638,"names":639},"az",[640],"Anataz",{"lang":642,"names":643},"be",[644],"анатаз",{"lang":646,"names":647},"bn",[648],"অ্যানাটেজ",{"lang":650,"names":651},"bs",[652],"Anatas",{"lang":654,"names":655},"ca",[656,657],"anatas","anatasa",{"lang":659,"names":660},"cs",[652],{"lang":662,"names":663},"de",[652,664,622],"oktaedrischer Schörl",{"lang":666,"names":667},"el",[668,669,670,671,672],"ανατάσης","ντωφινίτης","οκταεδρίτης","ουαζανίτης","υδροτιτανίτης",{"lang":674,"names":675},"es",[676,677,619],"Anatasa","Octaedrita",{"lang":679,"names":680},"et",[681],"anataas",{"lang":683,"names":684},"eu",[657],{"lang":686,"names":687},"fa",[688,689],"آناتاز","اناتاز",{"lang":691,"names":692},"fi",[693],"Anataasi",{"lang":695,"names":696},"fr",[7,613,614,623,697,698,699,98,626],"Schorl octaédre rectanglaire","Schorl octaédre rectangulaire","Wisérine",{"lang":701,"names":702},"gl",[676],{"lang":704,"names":705},"hu",[706],"Anatáz",{"lang":708,"names":709},"it",[710,711],"anatase","anatasio",{"lang":713,"names":714},"ja",[715,716,717],"アナタース","アナテース","鋭錐石",{"lang":719,"names":720},"ky",[721],"Анатаз",{"lang":723,"names":724},"lt",[725],"anatazas",{"lang":727,"names":728},"mk",[644],{"lang":730,"names":731},"nb",[656],{"lang":733,"names":734},"nl",[681],{"lang":736,"names":737},"nn",[656],{"lang":739,"names":740},"pl",[640],{"lang":742,"names":743},"pt",[710,744],"Anatásio",{"lang":746,"names":747},"ru",[644],{"lang":749,"names":750},"sh",[652],{"lang":752,"names":753},"sl",[754,755],"anataz","oktaedrit",{"lang":757,"names":758},"sr",[759],"анатас",{"lang":761,"names":762},"sv",[652],{"lang":764,"names":765},"tg",[721],{"lang":767,"names":768},"uk",[644,769],"анатаза",{"lang":771,"names":772},"uz",[640],{"lang":774,"names":775},"vi",[652],{"lang":777,"names":778},"zh",[779],"锐钛矿",{"lang":781,"names":782},"zh-cn",[779],{"lang":784,"names":785},"zh-hans",[779],{"lang":787,"names":788},"zh-hant",[789],"銳鈦礦",{"lang":791,"names":792},"zh-hk",[789],{"lang":794,"names":795},"zh-sg",[779],{"lang":797,"names":798},"zh-tw",[789],"Q413357",{"history":801,"applications":805},{"markdown":802,"model_version":803,"prompt_version":804,"reviewed_at":11},"Anatase wears a name built from a Greek word for stretching. The mineral's crystals end in two steep, narrow pyramids — sharper and taller than the flatter pyramids most tetragonal minerals show — and that elongation is what early observers noticed first.\n\nThe modern name was given in 1801 by the French crystallographer René Just Haüy[1]. He drew on the Greek *anatasis*, meaning *extension* or *stretching out*. The allusion is to the unusual length of the pyramidal faces relative to their bases[2]. The mineral was already known to mineralogists before Haüy fixed the name. The Swiss naturalist Horace Bénédict de Saussure had earlier called the same species *octahedrite*, after the acute octahedron its crystals appear to form[3]. Two other older names — *oisanite* and *dauphinite* — refer to the district of Le Bourg-d'Oisans in the French Dauphiné, the locality from which the species takes its type description[4].\n\nAnatase is one of three natural forms — or polymorphs — of titanium dioxide (TiO₂), alongside rutile and brookite. The three share a chemical formula but crystallise differently. Anatase occurs as hard, brilliant tetragonal crystals in vein deposits of the Alps. It also turns up as a detrital mineral in placer deposits, notably in Minas Gerais and Bahia in Brazil[5].","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":806,"model_version":803,"prompt_version":804,"reviewed_at":11},"Anatase the mineral has almost no direct industrial role. The titanium dioxide (TiO₂) that fills paint cans, sunscreens and food coatings is produced synthetically from rutile or ilmenite ores. Anatase as a polymorph — a distinct crystal form of TiO₂ — still matters to industry. But the form is made in a reactor, not mined.\n\nIn pigment manufacture, the anatase form serves a narrower role than its sibling rutile. Anatase is softer than rutile and is used in fibre and paper applications, where the lower abrasiveness is an advantage[1]. The mineral is metastable: heat above roughly 600 to 800 °C and the anatase phase converts irreversibly to rutile[2]. That conversion is why most outdoor and high-durability pigments use the rutile form directly.\n\nAnatase has found a second life in photocatalysis — the use of a solid to drive a chemical reaction under light. Nanosized titanium dioxide in the anatase form shows photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet light[3]. The most active surface of the crystal, the (001) plane, is where the reactive chemistry concentrates[4]. Films of anatase deposited on glass become self-cleaning and anti-fogging when exposed to sunlight. The effect was first identified by Fujishima and colleagues in 1995[5]. The same photoactive form is also used in dye-sensitized solar cells, where it carries photo-excited electrons from the dye to the external circuit[6].\n\nSynthetic anatase is typically prepared by controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl₄) or titanium ethoxide. Dopants are added to tune the surface chemistry and electronic structure for the target application[7]."]