[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:246":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":11,"impurities":22,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":32,"dana8ed3":32,"dana8ed4":32,"csystem":33,"cclass":34,"spacegroup":34,"spacegroupset":32,"a":35,"b":36,"c":37,"alpha":38,"beta":39,"gamma":40,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":41,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":42,"twinning":43,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":44,"tlform":11,"hmin":45,"hmax":46,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":32,"vhnmax":32,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":47,"dmeas2":48,"dcalc":48,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":49,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":50,"streak":51,"colour":52,"commentcolor":11,"colors":53,"streak_colors":57,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":58,"cleavagetype":59,"fracturetype":60,"tenacity":61,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":62,"opticalsign":63,"opticalalpha":64,"opticalalpha2":65,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":66,"opticalbeta2":67,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":67,"opticalgamma2":68,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":32,"opticalomega2":32,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":32,"opticalepsilon2":32,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":32,"opticaln2":32,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":69,"optical2vcalc2":32,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":69,"optical2vmeasured2":70,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":71,"rimax":72,"opticaldispersion":73,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":74,"type_specimen_store":75,"description_short":76,"aboutname":77,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":78,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":79,"group_members":89,"associates":97,"confused_with":107,"type_localities":125,"occurrence_total":130,"citations":131,"images":293,"structures":435,"synonyms":465,"language_names":498,"wikidata_qid":732,"texts":733},246,"1:1:246:6","1a6866d7-1535-4f9b-8acc-96976792bf17","Anorthite","An",0,"mineral",null,9264,3711,false,"Ca(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>)",[17,18,19,20],"Al","Ca","Si","O",[17,18,19,20],",Ti,Fe,Na,K,,","16.9.2",[25,26],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1823","9","F","A","35","0","Triclinic",2,"8.1768","12.8768","14.169","93.17","115.85","92.22",8,"Low modification; non-standard unit cell (reduced cell: 8.18, 12.87, 12.90 A, 85.8, 81.1, 88.7°)","Commonly polysynthetic on albite law, pericline, Carlsbad, Manebach and Baveno twinning.","Commonly short, prismatic, lamellar, coarse-granular, massive",6,6.5,"2.74","2.76","Vitreous","Transparent,Translucent","White","Colourless, reddish grey, white",[54,55,56],"colorless","white","pink",[55],"Perfect on {001}, less so on {010}, imperfect on {110}","Perfect","Irregular\u002FUneven,Conchoidal","brittle","Biaxial","-","1.573","1.577","1.58","1.585","1.59","78","83",1.573,1.59,"r \u003C v weak","Mafic plutonic rocks","Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany, numbers 1999-0087, 1999-0088 (type?).","Feldspar Group.\r\n\r\nCa-rich end member of the plagioclase (Albite-Anorthite Series).\r\n\r\nHigh- and low-temperature structural modifications exist.\r\n\r\nChemically and stoichiometrically very similar to lawsonite (which contains OH groups and H2O molecules,...","Named in 1823 by Gustav Rose from the Greek αν and oρθός, \"not right angle\" or \"oblique\", in allusion to the oblique triclinic form of the crystals.","2026-05-14 18:44:08",[80,85],{"id":81,"name":82,"entrytype":34,"csystem":33,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":83,"hmin":45,"hmax":46,"dmeas":32,"dcalc":32,"primary_image_id":84},815,"Bytownite","(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>]",37604,{"id":86,"name":87,"entrytype":34,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":83,"hmin":45,"hmax":46,"dmeas":32,"dcalc":32,"primary_image_id":88},2308,"Labradorite",63448,[90],{"id":91,"name":92,"entrytype":9,"csystem":33,"ima_formula":93,"mindat_formula":93,"hmin":45,"hmax":46,"dmeas":94,"dcalc":95,"primary_image_id":96},96,"Albite","Na(AlSi\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>)","2.6","2.615",549,[98],{"id":99,"name":100,"entrytype":9,"csystem":101,"ima_formula":102,"mindat_formula":102,"hmin":103,"hmax":41,"dmeas":104,"dcalc":105,"primary_image_id":106},1897,"Hibonite","Hexagonal","CaAl\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>19\u003C\u002Fsub>",7.5,"3.83","4.09",11379,[108,113,118],{"id":109,"name":110,"entrytype":9,"csystem":111,"ima_formula":15,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":112,"dcalc":32,"primary_image_id":11},1301,"Dmisteinbergite","Trigonal","2.73",{"id":114,"name":115,"entrytype":9,"csystem":116,"ima_formula":117,"mindat_formula":117,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},52171,"Stöfflerite","Tetragonal","CaAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>",{"id":119,"name":120,"entrytype":9,"csystem":121,"ima_formula":15,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":122,"dcalc":123,"primary_image_id":124},3840,"Svyatoslavite","Monoclinic","2.695","2.687",23377,[126],{"id":127,"txt":128,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":129},2092,"Mount Somma, Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy","Italy",1225,[132,136,140,144,149,153,157,160,164,169,173,177,181,186,190,194,197,201,205,209,213,217,220,224,228,232,235,239,243,247,252,256,260,265,270,274,278,283,288],{"id":133,"year":134,"html":135,"doi":11},16100748,1823,"Rose, G. (1823) Über den Feldspat, Albit, Labradorit und Anorthit. Annalen der Physik und Chemie: 73\u002FNF-43: 173-208.",{"id":137,"year":138,"html":139,"doi":11},16100749,1824,"Rose, M.G. (1824) On felspar, albite, labrador, and anorthite. The Annals of Philosophy: 7: 49-59.",{"id":141,"year":142,"html":143,"doi":11},16100750,1942,"Osborn, E.F. (1942) The system CaSiO3-diopside-anorthite. American Journal of Science, 240: 11: 751-788.",{"id":145,"year":146,"html":147,"doi":148},613817,1962,"Kempster, C. J. E., Megaw, H. D., Radoslovich, E. W. (1962) The structure of anorthite, CaAl2Si2O8. I. Structure analysis. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  15 (10) 1005-1017 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x62002625'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x62002625\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x62002625",{"id":150,"year":146,"html":151,"doi":152},613821,"Megaw, H. D., Kempster, C. J. E., Radoslovich, E. W. (1962) The structure of anorthite, CaAl2Si2O8. II. Description and discussion. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  15 (10) 1017-1035 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x62002637'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x62002637\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x62002637",{"id":154,"year":155,"html":156,"doi":11},16100753,1967,"Bambauer, H.U., Corlett, M., Eberhard, E., Viswanathan, K. (1967) Diagrams for the determination of plagioclases using X-ray powder methods (Part III of laboratory investigations of plagioclases). Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 47: 333-349.",{"id":158,"year":155,"html":159,"doi":11},16100754,"Stewart, D.B. (1967) Four-phase curve in the system CaAl2Si2O8-SiO2-H2O between 1 and 10 kilobars. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 47: 35-59.",{"id":161,"year":162,"html":163,"doi":11},16100755,1969,"Nager, H.E., Hoffmann, W., Nissen, H.U. (1969) Die Mischreihe (Ca,Sr)[Al2Si2O8]. Naturwissenschaften: 56: 136-136.",{"id":165,"year":166,"html":167,"doi":168},108219,1971,"Wainwright, J. E.; Starkey, J. (1971) A refinement of the structure of anorthite. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  133 (133). p.75-84. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1971.133.133.75'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1971.133.133.75\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fzk\u002Fvol133\u002FZK133_75.pdf?reftype=unknown' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1971.133.133.75",{"id":170,"year":171,"html":172,"doi":11},16100757,1984,"Wenk, H.R., Kroll, H. (1984) Analysis of P-1, I-1, and C-1 plagioclase structures. Bulletin de Minéralogie: 107: 467-487.",{"id":174,"year":171,"html":175,"doi":176},365822,"Richet, Pascal, Bottinga, Yan (1984) Anorthite, andesine, wollastonite, diopside, cordierite and pyrope: thermodynamics of melting, glass transitions, and properties of the amorphous phases. \u003Ci>Earth and Planetary Science Letters\u003C\u002Fi>,  67 (3) 415-432 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0012-821x(84)90179-1'>doi:10.1016\u002F0012-821x(84)90179-1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0012-821x(84)90179-1",{"id":178,"year":179,"html":180,"doi":11},16100758,1986,"Matson, D.W., Sharma, S.K., Philpotts, J.A. (1986) Raman-spectra of some tectosilicates and of glasses along the orthoclase-anorthite and nepheline-anorthite joins. American Mineralogist: 71: 694-704.",{"id":182,"year":183,"html":184,"doi":185},151577,1987,"Salje, E. (1987) Thermodynamics of plagioclases I: Theory of the I-1 - P-1 phase transition in anorthite and Ca-rich plagioclases. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  14 (2). p.181-188. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00308223'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00308223\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00308223",{"id":187,"year":183,"html":188,"doi":189},151578,"Redfern, Simon A. T., Salje, Ekhard (1987) Thermodynamics of plagioclase II: Temperature evolution of the spontaneous strain at the I-1 - P-1 phase transition in anorthite. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  14 (2). 189-195 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00308224'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00308224\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00308224",{"id":191,"year":192,"html":193,"doi":11},528536,1988,"Angel, R. J. (1988) High-pressure structure of anorthite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  73 (9-10) 1114-1119 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM73\u002FAM73_1114.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":195,"year":192,"html":196,"doi":11},16100762,"Ghose, S., Van Tendeloo, G., Amelinkx, S. (1988) Dynamics of a second-order phase transition: P1‾ to I1‾ phase transition in anorthite, CaAl2Si2O8. Science: 242: 1539-1541.",{"id":198,"year":199,"html":200,"doi":11},16100764,1989,"Van Tendeloo, G., Ghose, S., Amelinckx, S. (1989) A dynamical model for the P1‾ - I1‾ phase transition in anorthite, CaAl2Si2O8 I: Evidence from electron microscopy. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 16: 311-319.",{"id":202,"year":199,"html":203,"doi":204},151799,"Angel, R. J.; Redfern, S. A. T.; Ross, N. L. (1989) Spontaneous strain below the I-1 - P-1 transition in anorthite at pressure. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  16 (6). p.539-544. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00202208'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00202208\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00202208",{"id":206,"year":207,"html":208,"doi":11},528825,1990,"Angel, R. J.; Carpenter, M. A.; Finger, L. W. (1990) Structural variation associated with compositional variation and order-disorder behavior in anorthite-rich feldspars. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  75 (1-2). p.150-162. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM75\u002FAM75_150.pdf?reftype=.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":210,"year":207,"html":211,"doi":212},76473,"Carpenter, M. A., Angel, R. J., Finger, L. W. (1990) Calibration of Al\u002FSi order variations in anorthite. \u003Ci>Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  104 (4) 471-480 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf01575624'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf01575624\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf01575624",{"id":214,"year":215,"html":216,"doi":11},16100767,1991,"Carpenter, M.A. (1991) Mechanisms and kinetics of Al-Si ordering in anorthite: I. Incommensurate structure and domain coarsening: American Mineralogist: 76: 1110-1119.",{"id":218,"year":215,"html":219,"doi":11},17053277,"Chernosky, J. V., Berman, R. G. (1991) Experimental reversal of the equilibrium andalusite + calcite + quartz = anorthite + CO2. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  29 (4) 791-802",{"id":221,"year":215,"html":222,"doi":223},151910,"Abe, Toshiya, sukamoto, Katsuo, Sunagawa, Ichiro (1991) Nucleation, growth and stability of CaAl2Si2O8 polymorphs. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  17 (6)  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00202227'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00202227\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00202227",{"id":225,"year":215,"html":226,"doi":227},2414029,"Mernagh, T. P. (1991) Use of the laser Raman microprobe for discrimination amongst feldspar minerals. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 22 (8). 453-457 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.1250220806'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.1250220806\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.1250220806",{"id":229,"year":230,"html":231,"doi":11},16099745,1992,"Knoche, R., Dingwell, D.B., Webb, S.L. (1992) Non-linear temperature dependence of liquid volumes in the system albite-anorthite-diopside. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 111: 61-73.",{"id":233,"year":230,"html":234,"doi":11},16100770,"Angel, R.J. (1992) Order-disorder and the high-pressure P1‾-I1‾ transition in anorthite. American Mineralogist: 77: 923-929.",{"id":236,"year":230,"html":237,"doi":238},343936,"Knoche, R., Dingwell, D.B., Webb, S.L. (1992) Temperature-dependent thermal expansivities of silicate melts: The system anorthite-diopside. \u003Ci>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta\u003C\u002Fi>,  56 (2) 689-699 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0016-7037(92)90090-6'>doi:10.1016\u002F0016-7037(92)90090-6\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0016-7037(92)90090-6",{"id":240,"year":230,"html":241,"doi":242},152015,"Redfern, Simon A. T.; Salje, Ekhard (1992) Microscopic dynamic and macroscopic thermodynamic character of the I-1 - P-1 phase transition in anorthite. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  18 (8). p.526-533. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00205269'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00205269\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00205269",{"id":244,"year":245,"html":246,"doi":11},16771793,1995,"Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (1995) \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 2 part 1 - Silica, Silicates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.",{"id":248,"year":249,"html":250,"doi":251},152718,2000,"Courtial, P., Téqui, C., Richet, P. (2000) Thermodynamics of diopside, anorthite, pseudowollastonite, CaMgGeO4 olivine, and åkermanite up to near the melting point. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  27 (4). 242-250 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs002690050253'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs002690050253\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs002690050253",{"id":253,"year":254,"html":255,"doi":11},16962904,2001,"(2001) Anorthite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fanorthite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":257,"year":258,"html":259,"doi":11},16100774,2003,"Le Parc, R., Champagnon, B., Dianoux, J., Jarry, P., Martinez, V. (2003) Anorthite and CaAl2Si2O8 glass: low frequency Raman spectroscopy and neutron scattering. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: 323: 155-161.",{"id":261,"year":262,"html":263,"doi":264},64606,2008,"Freeman, J. J.; Wang, A.; Kuebler, K. E.; Jolliff, B. L.; Haskin, L. A. (2008) Characterization of natural feldspars by Raman spectroscopy for future planetary exploration. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  46 (6). p.1477-1500. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.46.6.1477'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.46.6.1477\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.46.6.1477",{"id":266,"year":267,"html":268,"doi":269},244085,2010,"Parsons, I. (2010) Feldspars defined and described: a pair of posters published by the Mineralogical Society. Sources and supporting information. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  74 (3) 529-551 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.2010.074.3.529'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.2010.074.3.529\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.2010.074.3.529",{"id":271,"year":272,"html":273,"doi":11},16100777,2014,"Kaercher, P., Militzer, B., Wenk, H.R. (2014) Ab initio calculations of elastic constants of plagioclase feldspars. American Mineralogist: 99: 2344-2352.",{"id":275,"year":276,"html":277,"doi":11},16100778,2016,"Brown, J.M., Angel, R.J., Ross, N.L. (2016) Elasticity of plagioclase feldspars. Journal of Geophysical Research: 121, 1-13.",{"id":279,"year":280,"html":281,"doi":282},8511226,2018,"Jin, Shiyun; Wang, Xiaoping; Xu, Huifang (2018) Revisiting the \u003Ci>I\u003C\u002Fi>-1 structures of high-temperature Ca-rich plagioclase feldspar – a single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction study. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  74 (2). 152-164 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs2052520618003219'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs2052520618003219\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs2052520618003219",{"id":284,"year":285,"html":286,"doi":287},15187878,2023,"Gorelova, Liudmila A., Vereshchagin, Oleg S., Bocharov, Vladimir N., Krivovichev, Sergey V., Zolotarev, Andrey A., Rassomakhin, Mikhail A. (2023) CaAl2Si2O8 polymorphs: Sensitive geothermometers and geospeedometers. \u003Ci>Geoscience Frontiers\u003C\u002Fi>, 14 (1) 101458 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.gsf.2022.101458'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.gsf.2022.101458\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.gsf.2022.101458",{"id":289,"year":290,"html":291,"doi":292},17473631,2024,"Atkinson, Alison J., Ballaran, Tiziana Boffa, Carpenter, Michael A. (2024) Local strain heterogeneity associated with Al\u002FSi ordering in anorthite, CaAl2Si2O8, with implications for thermodynamic mixing behavior and trace element partitioning in plagioclase feldspars. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  109 (7) 1292-1302 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2023-9197'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2023-9197\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2023-9197",[294,304,311,321,329,334,341,351,360,365,374,382,388,397,406,413,418,425],{"id":295,"source_url":296,"license_code":297,"credit_html":298,"title":299,"description":300,"author":301,"original_width":302,"original_height":303},1515,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149599","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149599\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anorthite-169929.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnorthite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anorthite\">Anorthite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMount_Vesuvius\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mount Vesuvius\">Monte Somma\u003C\u002Fa>, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FProvince_of_Naples\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Province of Naples\">Naples Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCampania\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Campania\">Campania\u003C\u002Fa>, Italy (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2092.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.9 x 4.1 x 3.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Among the least common of the plagioclase feldspar family, this specimen of anorthite is significant because it is from the TYPE LOCALITY and has isolated sharp crystals nestled in basaltic vugs. The anorthite crystals are surprisingly lustrous, somewhat translucent and white. Elongated, textbook-like crystals reach 1.0 cm in length and form a super color contrast with the host black basalt.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",800,617,{"id":305,"source_url":306,"license_code":307,"credit_html":308,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":309,"original_height":310},29112,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F90772","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F90772\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,706,{"id":312,"source_url":313,"license_code":314,"credit_html":315,"title":316,"description":317,"author":318,"original_width":319,"original_height":320},33133,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1318083","Public domain","Manfred Mader, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1318083\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anorthit Miyake,Japan.JPG","Anorthit_Miyake,Japan","Manfred Mader",628,781,{"id":322,"source_url":323,"license_code":297,"credit_html":324,"title":325,"description":326,"author":301,"original_width":327,"original_height":328},1516,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10461094","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10461094\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anorthite-rare08-38b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnorthite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anorthite\">Anorthite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Somma-Vesuvius Complex, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FProvince_of_Naples\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Province of Naples\">Naples Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCampania\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Campania\">Campania\u003C\u002Fa>, Italy (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2091.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.9 x 4.1 x 3.8 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Anorthite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Among the least common of the plagiclase feldspar family, this specimen of anorthite is significant because it is from the TYPE LOCALITY and has isolated sharp crystals nestled in basaltic vugs. The anorthite crystals are surprisingly lustrous, somewhat translucent and white - they look more like phenacite than anything else. Elongated, textbook-like crystals reach 1.0 cm in length and form a super color contrast with the host black basalt. This specimen is from the type locality for anorthite.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",357,400,{"id":330,"source_url":331,"license_code":307,"credit_html":332,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":309,"original_height":333},29113,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F204668","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F204668\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",950,{"id":335,"source_url":336,"license_code":297,"credit_html":337,"title":338,"description":339,"author":301,"original_width":328,"original_height":340},1517,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10466875","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10466875\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anorthite-tn22a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnorthite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anorthite\">Anorthite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMiyakejima\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Miyakejima\">Miyake Island (Miyake-jima)\u003C\u002Fa>, Izu Archipelago, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTokyo\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tokyo\">Tokyo Prefecture\u003C\u002Fa>, Japan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-32096.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 1.6 x 1.2 x 1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Anorthite (from volcano, in 1870!)\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>These are euhedral crystals of one of the rarest members of the plagioclase feldspar family, typoical but rare for the locality on the market these days - I have only seen a few in overa decade since seeing the first one. These crystals are opaque white and reach 1 cm across. From mindat: This locality is a small island with active volcano. Augite-olivine basalt. Famous as the classic locality for anorthite crystals, thousands of which were thrown out loose by the 1870 eruption and distributed in collections around the world; usually coated with a film of reddish or blackish glassy lava.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",322,{"id":342,"source_url":343,"license_code":344,"credit_html":345,"title":346,"description":347,"author":348,"original_width":349,"original_height":350},33138,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27594729","CC BY 2.0","Tony Hisgett from Birmingham, UK, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27594729\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anorthite (8030258410).jpg","Part of the Rocks and Minerals display in the Royal Ontario Museum Toronto","Tony Hisgett from Birmingham, UK",3828,2156,{"id":352,"source_url":353,"license_code":307,"credit_html":354,"title":355,"description":356,"author":357,"original_width":358,"original_height":359},33143,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157230709","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157230709\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","30061 Anorthit 1.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnorthite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anorthite\">Anorthite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Weight: 845 g\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Dshugozur, Chrebet, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","J. Patrick Fischer",4272,2848,{"id":361,"source_url":362,"license_code":307,"credit_html":363,"title":364,"description":356,"author":357,"original_width":358,"original_height":359},33144,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157230710","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157230710\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","30061 Anorthit 3.jpg",{"id":366,"source_url":367,"license_code":307,"credit_html":368,"title":369,"description":370,"author":371,"original_width":372,"original_height":373},33145,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=158855897","Горбунова М.С., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=158855897\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Анортит с роговой обманкой в габбро (корсит).jpg","rock museum collection","Горбунова М.С.",4795,3176,{"id":375,"source_url":376,"license_code":297,"credit_html":377,"title":378,"description":379,"author":301,"original_width":380,"original_height":381},33135,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169826","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169826\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anorthite-Aragonite-263819.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnorthite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anorthite\">Anorthite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNaxos_Island\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Naxos Island\">Naxos (Nisos Naxos; Naxia) Island\u003C\u002Fa>, Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon), Kykládes Prefecture, Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department, Greece (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-28870.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.3 x 6.5 x 5.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Mineral specimens are rare indeed from the ancient emery mines at Naxos Island, Greece, mined for emery by the Classical Greeks. The vuggy matrix is probably metabauxite. A really pretty, 1.7 cm radial, starburst-like spray of lustrous, colorless aragonite prisms rests above a euhedral, glassy, tabular, 1.3 cm, partially coated anorthite crystal. This old-time specimen certainly dates to the 19th Century and is from the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",679,700,{"id":383,"source_url":384,"license_code":297,"credit_html":385,"title":386,"description":379,"author":301,"original_width":387,"original_height":381},33136,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169827","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169827\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anorthite-Aragonite-263820.jpg",479,{"id":389,"source_url":390,"license_code":344,"credit_html":391,"title":392,"description":393,"author":394,"original_width":395,"original_height":396},33140,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84722139","S. Rae from Scotland, UK, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84722139\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Mineral exhibit - Anorthite (32131373936).jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnorthite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anorthite\">Anorthite\u003C\u002Fa> — exposed in the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRoyal_Ontario_Museum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Royal Ontario Museum\">Royal Ontario Museum\u003C\u002Fa>, Toronto, Canada","S. Rae from Scotland, UK",2986,2905,{"id":398,"source_url":399,"license_code":307,"credit_html":400,"title":401,"description":402,"author":403,"original_width":404,"original_height":405},8091,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129959373","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129959373\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Esseneite, Magnesioferrite, Anorthite. Kopeysk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia-9038.jpg","mineral aggregate with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEsseneite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Esseneite\">Esseneite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMagnesioferrite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Magnesioferrite\">Magnesioferrite\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnorthite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Anorthite\">Anorthite\u003C\u002Fa> (Weight: 41.5 g) – Place of discovery: Kopeysk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia","Raimond Spekking",4679,3509,{"id":407,"source_url":408,"license_code":307,"credit_html":409,"title":410,"description":402,"author":403,"original_width":411,"original_height":412},8094,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129959408","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129959408\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Esseneite, Magnesioferrite, Anorthite. Kopeysk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia-9043.jpg",6694,4463,{"id":414,"source_url":415,"license_code":307,"credit_html":416,"title":417,"description":402,"author":403,"original_width":411,"original_height":412},8092,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129959382","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129959382\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Esseneite, Magnesioferrite, Anorthite. Kopeysk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia-9039.jpg",{"id":419,"source_url":420,"license_code":307,"credit_html":421,"title":422,"description":402,"author":403,"original_width":423,"original_height":424},8093,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129959393","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129959393\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Esseneite, Magnesioferrite, Anorthite. Kopeysk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia-9041.jpg",6693,3765,{"id":426,"source_url":427,"license_code":428,"credit_html":429,"title":430,"description":431,"author":432,"original_width":433,"original_height":434},19439,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15520832","CC BY 3.0","Ralph Bottrill, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15520832\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pigeonite, Albite-Anorthite Series, Augite-358246.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPigeonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pigeonite\">Pigeonite\u003C\u002Fa>, Albite-Anorthite Series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAugite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Augite\">Augite\u003C\u002Fa> (FOV ~ 4.5 x 3 mm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tipogorree Hills, Tasmania, Australia\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> A thin section of a dolerite with cross polarised light, showing brighly coloured pyroxenes (augite and pigeonite) and white-grey plagioclase with some fine grained mesostasis.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Ralph Bottrill",1024,760,[436,443,449,455,461],{"id":437,"url":438,"label":439,"formula":440,"spacegroup":441,"year":442},646,"\u002Fcif\u002F646.cif","Wadoski-Romeijn 2013","Al Si Ca.5 O4","C -1",2013,{"id":444,"url":445,"label":446,"formula":447,"spacegroup":441,"year":448},647,"\u002Fcif\u002F647.cif","Matsui 1997","Mn.196 Ca.716 Na.045 (Al1.911 Si2.089) O8",1997,{"id":450,"url":451,"label":452,"formula":453,"spacegroup":454,"year":207},648,"\u002Fcif\u002F648.cif","Angel 1990 · Ca Si2 Al2 O8","Ca Si2 Al2 O8","P -1",{"id":456,"url":457,"label":458,"formula":459,"spacegroup":460,"year":207},650,"\u002Fcif\u002F650.cif","Angel 1990 · Ca.5 Si Al O4","Ca.5 Si Al O4","I -1",{"id":462,"url":463,"label":464,"formula":459,"spacegroup":460,"year":192},652,"\u002Fcif\u002F652.cif","Angel 1988",[466,467,468,469,470,471,472,473,474,475,476,477,478,479,480,481,482,483,484,485,486,487,488,489,490,491,492,493,494,495,496,497],"Amphodelit","Amphodelita","Amphodelite","Anorthita","Anorthoît","Anorthoîta","Anorthoîte","Barsovit","Barsovita","Barsovite","Basic Plagioclase","Beffanit","Beffanita","Beffanite","Beffonit","Beffonita","Beffonite","Biotine","Calciclase","Calcium 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