[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:281":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":23,"key_elements":11,"impurities":11,"cim":24,"ima_status":25,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":28,"discovery_year":29,"strunz10ed1":30,"strunz10ed2":31,"strunz10ed3":32,"strunz10ed4":33,"dana8ed1":34,"dana8ed2":30,"dana8ed3":35,"dana8ed4":35,"csystem":36,"cclass":37,"spacegroup":38,"spacegroupset":39,"a":40,"b":41,"c":42,"alpha":43,"beta":44,"gamma":43,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":45,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":46,"tlform":47,"hmin":48,"hmax":49,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":43,"vhnmax":43,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":50,"dmeas2":51,"dcalc":52,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":53,"commentluster":54,"diapheny":55,"streak":56,"colour":57,"commentcolor":11,"colors":58,"streak_colors":64,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":11,"cleavagetype":11,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":65,"opticalsign":66,"opticalalpha":67,"opticalalpha2":43,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":68,"opticalbeta2":43,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":68,"opticalgamma2":43,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":43,"opticalomega2":43,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":43,"opticalepsilon2":43,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":43,"opticaln2":43,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":43,"optical2vcalc2":43,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":43,"optical2vmeasured2":69,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":70,"rimax":71,"opticaldispersion":72,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":73,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":74,"industrial":11,"occurrence":75,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":76,"description_short":77,"aboutname":78,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":79,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":80,"group_members":81,"associates":128,"confused_with":159,"type_localities":161,"occurrence_total":168,"citations":169,"images":238,"structures":249,"synonyms":256,"language_names":260,"wikidata_qid":286,"texts":287},281,"1:1:281:9","28d7db92-6473-4660-a8b1-161af0024746","Apjohnite","Apj",0,"mineral",null,29294,255,false,"Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[18,19,20,21,22],"Al","Mn","O","S","H",[18,19,20,21,22],"25.9.7",[26,27],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED",1838,"1847","7","C","B","85","29","3","Monoclinic",5,14,"P21\u002Fc ","6.19","24.34","21.26","0","100.28",4,"Crystals acicular aggregated into masses and crusts; also asbestiform.","Transparent threads or fibers, resembling satin-spar.",1.5,2,"1.78","1.81","1.836","Silky","In aggregates","Transparent,Translucent","White","Colourless, white, light pink, light yellow, light green",[59,60,61,62,63],"colorless","white","pink","yellow","green",[60],"Biaxial","-","1.478","1.482","15",1.478,1.482,"none","Y = b; Z ∧ c = 30°.","Soluble in water.","Efflorescences.","No designated type material.","Halotrichite Group\r\n\r\nAt least a partial (and probably a complete ?) series toward Apjohnite exists from Pickeringite and Halotrichite.","Named in honor of James Apjohn (1 September 1796, Ireland - 3 June 1886, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland), Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. His birthplace is listed from different sources as Granard, Co. Longford and Sunville, Pallasgrean, Co. Limerick. He made contributions in the areas of chemistry, electricity, and mineralogy, and first described this mineral.","2025-12-18 15:40:42",[],[82,90,97,105,113,120],{"id":83,"name":84,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":85,"mindat_formula":86,"hmin":49,"hmax":49,"dmeas":87,"dcalc":88,"primary_image_id":89},673,"Bílinite","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.875","1.99",3261,{"id":91,"name":92,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":93,"mindat_formula":94,"hmin":49,"hmax":49,"dmeas":43,"dcalc":95,"primary_image_id":96},1289,"Dietrichite","ZnAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","ZnAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.85",7219,{"id":98,"name":99,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":100,"mindat_formula":101,"hmin":48,"hmax":49,"dmeas":102,"dcalc":103,"primary_image_id":104},1809,"Halotrichite","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.89","1.95",10784,{"id":106,"name":107,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":108,"mindat_formula":109,"hmin":48,"hmax":49,"dmeas":110,"dcalc":111,"primary_image_id":112},3204,"Pickeringite","MgAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","MgAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.73","1.84",19398,{"id":114,"name":115,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":116,"mindat_formula":117,"hmin":49,"hmax":49,"dmeas":118,"dcalc":43,"primary_image_id":119},3379,"Redingtonite","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Cr\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Cr\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.761",20666,{"id":121,"name":122,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":123,"mindat_formula":124,"hmin":48,"hmax":49,"dmeas":125,"dcalc":126,"primary_image_id":127},7372,"Wupatkiite","CoAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Co\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.92","1.87",28250,[129,140,149,157,158],{"id":130,"name":131,"entrytype":9,"csystem":132,"ima_formula":133,"mindat_formula":134,"hmin":135,"hmax":136,"dmeas":137,"dcalc":138,"primary_image_id":139},1124,"Copiapite","Triclinic","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 20H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·20H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",2.5,3,"2.08","2.118",6196,{"id":141,"name":142,"entrytype":9,"csystem":143,"ima_formula":144,"mindat_formula":145,"hmin":49,"hmax":135,"dmeas":146,"dcalc":147,"primary_image_id":148},1393,"Epsomite","Orthorhombic","Mg(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","MgSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.675","1.678",29669,{"id":150,"name":151,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":152,"mindat_formula":153,"hmin":135,"hmax":135,"dmeas":154,"dcalc":155,"primary_image_id":156},1778,"Gunningite","Zn(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","ZnSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.195","3.369",10616,{"id":98,"name":99,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":100,"mindat_formula":101,"hmin":48,"hmax":49,"dmeas":102,"dcalc":103,"primary_image_id":104},{"id":106,"name":107,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":108,"mindat_formula":109,"hmin":48,"hmax":49,"dmeas":110,"dcalc":111,"primary_image_id":112},[160],{"id":91,"name":92,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":93,"mindat_formula":94,"hmin":49,"hmax":49,"dmeas":43,"dcalc":95,"primary_image_id":96},[162],{"id":163,"txt":164,"latitude":165,"longitude":166,"country":167},2404,"Maputo Bay, Maputo, Maputo Province, Mozambique",-26.1880782,32.8112366,"Mozambique",27,[170,173,176,180,184,188,192,196,201,206,210,215,219,223,228,233],{"id":171,"year":28,"html":172,"doi":11},16100973,"Apjohn, J. (1838) On a new variety of Alumn. Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: 12: 103. [as Manganese Alum]",{"id":174,"year":28,"html":175,"doi":11},16100974,"Kane, R. (1838) Ueber der Wirkung von Arsenikwasserstoff auf schwefelsaures Kupferoxyd und über den vom Dr. Apjohn zerlegten Mangan-alaun. Annalen der Physik: 44: 471-472.",{"id":177,"year":178,"html":179,"doi":11},16161667,1847,"Glocker, Ernst Friedrich (1847) \u003Ci>Generum et specierum mineralium, secundum ordines naturales digestorum synopsis, omnium, quotquot adhuc reperta sunt, mineralium nomina complectens [A synopsis of the genera and species of minerals, according to their natural orders, including the names of all the minerals that have yet been discovered.]\u003C\u002Fi>. Eduardus Anton. 348 pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fgenerumetspecie00unkngoog\u002Fgenerumetspecie00unkngoog.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":181,"year":182,"html":183,"doi":11},16100976,1870,"Ludwig, H. (1870) Ueber den haarförmigen Manganalaun und das manganhaltige Bittersalz vom Boschjemansflusse. Archiv der Pharmacie: 193(2): 97-100.",{"id":185,"year":186,"html":187,"doi":11},16100977,1884,"Brown, W.G. (1884) A new hydrous manganous aluminic sulphate from Sevier Co., Tenn. American Chemical Journal: 6: 97-119.",{"id":189,"year":190,"html":191,"doi":11},15997471,1939,"Kokta (1939) Sborník Klubu Příroda.: 19: 75 (Min. Abs.: 7: 316 [1939])",{"id":193,"year":194,"html":195,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":197,"year":198,"html":199,"doi":200},6940,1976,"Menchetti, S., Sabelli, C. (1976) The halotrichite group: the crystal structure of apjohnite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  40 (314) 599-608 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1976.040.314.07'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1976.040.314.07\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_40\u002F40-314-599.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1976.040.314.07",{"id":202,"year":203,"html":204,"doi":205},2420269,2000,"Frost, Ray L., Theo Kloprogge, J., Williams, Peter A., Leverett, Peter (2000) Raman microscopy of some natural pseudo-alums: halotrichite, apjohnite and wupatkiite, at 298 and 77 K. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 31 (12). 1083-1087 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002F1097-4555(200012)31:12\u003C1083::aid-jrs647>3.0.co;2-#'>doi:10.1002\u002F1097-4555(200012)31:12\u003C1083::aid-jrs647>3.0.co;2-#\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002F1097-4555(200012)31:12\u003C1083::aid-jrs647>3.0.co;2-#",{"id":207,"year":208,"html":209,"doi":11},16962924,2005,"(2005) Apjohnite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fapjohnite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":211,"year":212,"html":213,"doi":214},128559,2006,"Ballirano, Paolo (2006) Crystal chemistry of the halotrichite group XAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O: the X = Fe-Mg-Mn-Zn compositional tetrahedron. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  18 (4) 463-469 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2006\u002F0018-0463'>doi:10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2006\u002F0018-0463\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2006\u002F0018-0463",{"id":216,"year":212,"html":217,"doi":218},16100983,"Palmer, Sara; Frost, Ray L. (2006) Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of apjohnite and pickingerite. \u003Ci>Polyhedron\u003C\u002Fi>,  25 (17). 3379-3386 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.poly.2006.06.010'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.poly.2006.06.010\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.poly.2006.06.010",{"id":220,"year":212,"html":221,"doi":222},16388763,"Lakshmi Reddy, S., Siva Reddy, G., Wain, D.L., Martens, W.N., Jagannatha Reddy, B., Frost, R.L. (2006) Electron paramagnetic resonance, optical absorption and IR spectroscopic studies of the sulphate mineral apjohnite. \u003Ci>Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 65 (5) 1227-1233 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2006.01.051'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2006.01.051\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2006.01.051",{"id":224,"year":225,"html":226,"doi":227},395626,2007,"Lane, M. D. (2007) Mid-infrared emission spectroscopy of sulfate and sulfate-bearing minerals. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  92 (1) 1-18 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2007.2170'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2007.2170\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol92\u002FAM92_1.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2007.2170",{"id":229,"year":230,"html":231,"doi":232},16440631,2010,"Frost, Ray L., Reddy, B. Jagannadha, O'Keeffe, Eloise C. (2010) An Application of near Infrared and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy to the Study of Natural Halotrichites: Halotrichite, Apjohnite and Wupatkiite. \u003Ci>Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 18 (3) 177-189 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1255\u002Fjnirs.877'>doi:10.1255\u002Fjnirs.877\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1255\u002Fjnirs.877",{"id":234,"year":235,"html":236,"doi":237},244387,2013,"Krivovichev, S. V. (2013) Structural complexity of minerals: information storage and processing in the mineral world. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  77 (3) 275-326 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.2013.077.3.05'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.2013.077.3.05\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.2013.077.3.05",[239],{"id":240,"source_url":241,"license_code":242,"credit_html":243,"title":244,"description":245,"author":246,"original_width":247,"original_height":248},1665,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65838927","CC BY-SA 4.0","David Hospital, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65838927\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ilesite & Apjohnite.jpg","Yellowish crystals of the rare manganese sulphate mineral ilesite in a matrix of white apjohnite from one of the few localities known worldwide for ilesite. From: Santa Ana Mine, Mazarron, Murcia, Spain.","David Hospital",912,666,[250],{"id":251,"url":252,"label":253,"formula":254,"spacegroup":255,"year":198},860,"\u002Fcif\u002F860.cif","Menchetti 1976","(Mn.64 Mg.28 Zn.06 Fe.02) Al2 S4 O38 H44","P 1 21\u002Fc 1",[257,258,259],"Apjohniet","Apjohnitt","Manganalaun",[261,265,269,273,276,279,282],{"lang":262,"names":263},"ca",[264],"apjohnita",{"lang":266,"names":267},"de",[268],"Apjohnit",{"lang":270,"names":271},"eu",[272],"Apjohnita",{"lang":274,"names":275},"fr",[7],{"lang":277,"names":278},"it",[7],{"lang":280,"names":281},"pl",[268],{"lang":283,"names":284},"zh",[285],"锰铝矾","Q1124222",{"history":11,"applications":11}]