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Also in aragonite pseudomorphs after gypsum, with aragonite {010}[001] parallel to the gypsum {010}[001].","Short to long prismatic [100], sometimes flattened {010}; acicular, often with steep pyramidal or domed terminations; or tabular {001}; also stalactic, columnar, in stellate or radiating aggregates, and fibrous crusts of tiny acicular crystals.",3.5,3,"2.947","2.944","Vitreous to resinous.","Vitreous,Resinous","Transparent,Translucent","Uncolored\u002Fwhite.","Colorless to white or grey, often stained various hues by impurities, such as blue, green, red or violet; colourless in transmitted light.",[54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62],"colorless","white","gray","blue","green","red","purple","yellow","pink",[54,55],"Fluoresces pale rose, yellow, bluish, often with greenish phosphorescence, under LW, yellowish in SW.","Pale rose, yellow, white or bluish, with greenish or white phosphorescence (LW UV); yellowish (SW UV).","On {010} distinct; On {110} and {011} very indistinct.","Distinct\u002FGood","Sub-Conchoidal","brittle","Biaxial","-","1.529","1.53","1.68","1.682","1.685","1.686","16","18","19",1.529,1.686,"weak","X = c; Y = a; Z = b.","Begins to convert to calcite at about 400°C when heated in dry air.\r\n\r\nThermoluminescent.","Readily soluble in dilute acids with effervescence.","As speleothems in limestone caves; as pisolites, sinters and massive lamellar deposits at geysers and hot springs; as seafloor oolites; with siderite in iron deposits; with calcite and dolomite and other magnesium minerals in altered serpentinites, dunites and peridotites; and as a replacement mineral in various rock types and ore deposits, formed from low-temperature and pressure aqueous solutions.","Aragonite Group.\r\nThe Ca analogue of strontianite.\r\n\r\nThe principal member of the Aragonite Group, aragonite is the second most common polymorph of natural calcium carbonate (the most common is calcite). 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(1767) Catalogue syst. et raisonné des curiosités de la nature et de l’art qui composent de cabinet de M. Davila. 3 volumes, Paris: 2: 50, 52.",{"id":322,"year":323,"html":324,"doi":11},16101100,1768,"Linnaeus (1768) Systema Naturae of Linnaeus: 183 (as Stalactites Flos ferri; Marmoreus ramulosus).",{"id":326,"year":327,"html":328,"doi":11},16101101,1788,"Klaproth (1788) Bergmaaennusches Journal, Freiberg  (Neues Bergmannische Journal): 1: 299.",{"id":330,"year":327,"html":331,"doi":11},16101102,"Klaproth (1788) Crell's Chemical Journal, London: 1: 387 (as carbonate of lime).",{"id":333,"year":327,"html":334,"doi":11},16101103,"Werner, A.G. (1788) Geschichte, Karakteristik, und kurze chemische Untersuchung des Apatits. IV. Kurze Nachricht von den sogenannten arragonischen Apatiten. Bergmännisches Journal: 1: 76-96. 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[as Chimborazite].",{"id":379,"year":380,"html":381,"doi":11},16101116,1853,"Rose (1853) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 91: 147.",{"id":383,"year":384,"html":385,"doi":11},16101117,1854,"Sénarmont (1854) Annales de chimie et de physique, Paris: 41(3): 61.",{"id":387,"year":388,"html":389,"doi":11},16101118,1856,"Leydolt (1856) Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Sitzungsberichte: 19: 10.",{"id":391,"year":388,"html":392,"doi":11},16101119,"Rose (1856) Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, Abhandlungen: 64, 66.",{"id":394,"year":388,"html":395,"doi":11},16101120,"Rose (1856) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 97: 161.",{"id":397,"year":398,"html":399,"doi":11},16101121,1858,"Luca (1858) Nuovo Cimento, Pisa: 7: 453.",{"id":401,"year":402,"html":403,"doi":11},12986379,1860,"Koksharov, Nikolai (1860) \u003Ci>Materialien zur Mineralogie Russlands\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 6. Alexander Jacobson, St. Petersburg.",{"id":405,"year":406,"html":407,"doi":11},16101122,1861,"Scharff (1861) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 31.",{"id":409,"year":410,"html":411,"doi":11},16101123,1862,"Forbes (1862) Quart. J. Geol. Soc.: 17: 45.",{"id":413,"year":414,"html":415,"doi":11},16101124,1865,"Breithaupt (1865) Berg.- und hüttenmännische Zeitung, Freiberg, Leipzig  (merged into Glückauf): 24: 319.",{"id":417,"year":418,"html":419,"doi":11},16101125,1866,"Sandberger (1866) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 129: 472.",{"id":421,"year":422,"html":423,"doi":11},16101127,1870,"Schrauf (1870) Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Sitzungsberichte: 62(2): 734.",{"id":425,"year":426,"html":427,"doi":11},16101128,1875,"Roepper analysis in: Genth (1875) Second Geological Survey, Pennsylvania, Report: 163.",{"id":429,"year":430,"html":431,"doi":11},16101129,1876,"Geinitz (1876) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 449.",{"id":433,"year":434,"html":435,"doi":11},16101130,1879,"Lasaulx (1879) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 505.",{"id":437,"year":438,"html":439,"doi":11},16101131,1881,"Domeyko (1881) Annales des mines: 18(7): 531.",{"id":441,"year":442,"html":443,"doi":11},16101132,1884,"Kalkowsky (1884) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 9: 497.",{"id":445,"year":442,"html":446,"doi":11},16101133,"Traube (1884) Inaugural Dissertation, Greifswald.",{"id":448,"year":449,"html":450,"doi":11},16101134,1886,"Bauer (1886) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: I: 72, 79.",{"id":452,"year":453,"html":454,"doi":11},16101135,1888,"Beckenkamp (1888) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 14: 375.",{"id":456,"year":453,"html":457,"doi":11},16101136,"Mülheim (1888) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 14: 229.",{"id":459,"year":460,"html":461,"doi":11},16101137,1889,"Traube (1889) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 15: 410.",{"id":463,"year":464,"html":465,"doi":11},16101138,1890,"Bauer (1890) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: I: 12.",{"id":467,"year":464,"html":468,"doi":11},16101139,"Offret (1890) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 13: 582.",{"id":470,"year":471,"html":472,"doi":11},16101140,1892,"Lemberg (1892) Zeitschrift der Deutsche geologische Gesellschaft, Berlin: 44: 232.",{"id":474,"year":475,"html":476,"doi":11},16101141,1897,"Jeremejev (1897) Bulletin de Académy imperial de sciences, St. Pétersburg: 7, no. 1.",{"id":478,"year":479,"html":480,"doi":11},16101142,1898,"Keilhack (1898) Zeitschrift der Deutsche geologische Gesellschaft, Berlin: 50: 131.",{"id":482,"year":479,"html":483,"doi":11},16101143,"Lacroix (1898) Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 126: 602.",{"id":485,"year":486,"html":487,"doi":11},16101144,1899,"Vater (1899) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 31: 575.",{"id":489,"year":490,"html":491,"doi":11},16101145,1900,"Beckenkamp (1900) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 32: 25.",{"id":493,"year":494,"html":495,"doi":11},16101146,1901,"Brauns (1901) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Stuttgart: 134.",{"id":497,"year":494,"html":498,"doi":11},16101147,"Meigen (1901) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Stuttgart: 577.",{"id":500,"year":494,"html":501,"doi":11},16101148,"Mügge (1901) Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Beil.-Bd.: 14: 246.",{"id":503,"year":494,"html":504,"doi":11},16101149,"Wyrouboff (1901) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 24: 371.",{"id":506,"year":507,"html":508,"doi":11},16101150,1902,"Panebianco (1902) Rivista di mineralogia e cristallografia italiana, Padua: 28: 5.",{"id":510,"year":507,"html":511,"doi":11},16101151,"Vater (1902) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 35: 149.",{"id":513,"year":514,"html":515,"doi":11},16101152,1903,"Mügge (1903) Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Beil.-Bd.: 16: 379.",{"id":517,"year":518,"html":519,"doi":11},16101153,1909,"Lacroix, A. (1909): 3: 670.",{"id":521,"year":522,"html":523,"doi":11},16085161,1910,"de Rauw, H. (1910) Nouveau gîte d'aragonite. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique: 37: B212.",{"id":525,"year":522,"html":526,"doi":11},16101155,"Thugutt (1910) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Stuttgart: 786.",{"id":528,"year":522,"html":529,"doi":11},16101156,"Wetzel (1910) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: II: 70.",{"id":531,"year":532,"html":533,"doi":11},16101157,1911,"Doelter, C. (1911) Handbuch der Mineral-chemie (in 4 volumes divided into parts): 1: 337.",{"id":535,"year":536,"html":537,"doi":11},4468623,1913,"(1913) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 1 - Text - Band I - Adamin-Buntkupfererz. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",[539,546,551,561,571,576,585,590,599,603,611,620,629,637,646,655,664,673,682,691,699,707,715,722,732,740,748,755,763,771,778,786,794,802,810,818,825,834,842,848,856,862,870,880,889],{"id":540,"source_url":541,"license_code":542,"credit_html":543,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":544,"original_height":545},29132,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128877","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128877\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,825,{"id":547,"source_url":548,"license_code":542,"credit_html":549,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":544,"original_height":550},29133,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128862","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128862\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",806,{"id":552,"source_url":553,"license_code":554,"credit_html":555,"title":556,"description":557,"author":558,"original_width":559,"original_height":560},33524,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5506370","Public domain","Photograph taken by Mark A. Wilson (Department of Geology, The College of Wooster). [1], via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5506370\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","BaculitesSuturesAragonite.jpg","Sutures and remnant aragonite on \u003Ci>Baculites\u003C\u002Fi> from the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale of southwestern South Dakota.","Photograph taken by Mark A. Wilson (Department of Geology, The College of Wooster). [1]",1696,1252,{"id":562,"source_url":563,"license_code":564,"credit_html":565,"title":566,"description":567,"author":568,"original_width":569,"original_height":570},1715,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10777539","CC BY 4.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10777539\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite 2 Enguidanos.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>locality : Retamal ravine, Enguidanos, Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size 7.6 x 6.1 x 5.7 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",5425,5289,{"id":572,"source_url":573,"license_code":542,"credit_html":574,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":575,"original_height":544},29134,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128859","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128859\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",995,{"id":577,"source_url":578,"license_code":579,"credit_html":580,"title":581,"description":582,"author":568,"original_width":583,"original_height":584},1716,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10799189","CC BY-SA 3.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10799189\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite Salsigne France.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Salsigne Mine - Aude department France\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size : 30x30x20 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",6500,5032,{"id":586,"source_url":587,"license_code":542,"credit_html":588,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":544,"original_height":589},29135,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128860","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128860\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",955,{"id":591,"source_url":592,"license_code":579,"credit_html":593,"title":594,"description":595,"author":596,"original_width":597,"original_height":598},1717,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27556811","H. Zell, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27556811\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonit - Fluorescence.gif","Fluorescence of Aragonite, CaCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>; Originating from Limburg, Kaiserstuhl, Germany; Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Germany.","H. Zell",2400,1200,{"id":600,"source_url":601,"license_code":542,"credit_html":602,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":544,"original_height":544},29136,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F212264","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F212264\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":604,"source_url":605,"license_code":542,"credit_html":606,"title":607,"description":608,"author":609,"original_width":610,"original_height":610},1718,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=86319510","JJ Harrison (https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jjharrison.com.au\u002F), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=86319510\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite crystal - Los Molinillos, Ceunca, Spain - 4x3.6x3.5cm 100g.jpg","Aragonite crystal - Los Molinillos, Cuenca, Spain. Size 4×3.6×3.5 cm, weight 100 g","JJ Harrison (https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jjharrison.com.au\u002F)",3198,{"id":612,"source_url":613,"license_code":579,"credit_html":614,"title":615,"description":616,"author":617,"original_width":618,"original_height":619},33527,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157278","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157278\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite-196792.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Northern Lights Mine, Hussman Spring, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBlack_Mountain\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Black Mountain\">Black Mountain\u003C\u002Fa>, Warsuk Range, Mountain View District, Mineral County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNevada\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nevada\">Nevada\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-17084.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.5 x 3.9 x 2.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A superb example of the aragonites from this one-time find – not only beautiful, but an important new find of aragonite from anywhere, much less America. They have a unique look, with tiny crystals growing like teeth on an earlier generation of sharp, larger crystals\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",443,600,{"id":621,"source_url":622,"license_code":542,"credit_html":623,"title":624,"description":625,"author":626,"original_width":627,"original_height":628},1719,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=101473204","Ivar Leidus, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=101473204\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite - Pantoja, Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain.jpg","Aragonite crystal cluster (3 × 2.2 × 1.8 cm). Found from Pantoja, Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain","Ivar Leidus",4000,5000,{"id":630,"source_url":631,"license_code":542,"credit_html":632,"title":633,"description":634,"author":635,"original_width":490,"original_height":636},1720,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=119747121","Texas Lane, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=119747121\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite Specimen.jpg","Common Aragonite","Texas Lane",3022,{"id":638,"source_url":639,"license_code":542,"credit_html":640,"title":641,"description":642,"author":643,"original_width":644,"original_height":645},33530,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=49929275","User:Lamiot, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=49929275\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite provenance inconnue Don.Saussol MuséumHistoireNaturelleLille GLAM2016 Photo.F.Lamiot p5.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa>, Muséum de Lille.","User:Lamiot",3558,3456,{"id":647,"source_url":648,"license_code":542,"credit_html":649,"title":650,"description":651,"author":652,"original_width":653,"original_height":654},33532,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113745732","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113745732\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 354 - Aragonite (Vertaizon, Puy-de-Dôme, France).jpg","Aragonite, en provenance de Vertaizon (Puy-de-Dôme, France), au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",2784,3112,{"id":656,"source_url":657,"license_code":542,"credit_html":658,"title":659,"description":660,"author":661,"original_width":662,"original_height":663},33533,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129626724","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129626724\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite. Racalmuto, Sicilia, Italy-8888.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa> - Place of discovery: Racalmuto, Sicilia, Italy","Raimond Spekking",4503,3377,{"id":665,"source_url":666,"license_code":542,"credit_html":667,"title":668,"description":669,"author":670,"original_width":671,"original_height":672},33536,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132860989","Eric Polk, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132860989\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite from cumberland NHMLA.png","Sample of Aragonite collected from Frizington, Cumberland, England.  On display at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA.","Eric Polk",1618,2083,{"id":674,"source_url":675,"license_code":579,"credit_html":676,"title":677,"description":678,"author":679,"original_width":680,"original_height":681},55119,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=339966","No machine-readable author provided. Ml7~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims)., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=339966\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","OchtinskaJaskiniaAragonitowa.jpg","\u003Cp>Opis: Aragonit w ochtińskiej jaskini aragonitowej na Słowacji. Skan ze zdjęcia analogowego.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Data wykonania zdjęcia: 2003-08-12\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Autor: Ml7\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>","No machine-readable author provided. Ml7~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims).",1172,757,{"id":683,"source_url":684,"license_code":579,"credit_html":685,"title":686,"description":687,"author":688,"original_width":689,"original_height":690},55121,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5050545","Martin Souchay, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5050545\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Collaroide.JPG","A corraloid shape for this aragonite.","Martin Souchay",2000,3008,{"id":692,"source_url":693,"license_code":542,"credit_html":694,"title":695,"description":696,"author":697,"original_width":698,"original_height":698},55138,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181940705","Phyrexian, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181940705\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Berlin - Museum für Naturkunde 6905.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fen:Aragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:en:Aragonite\">\u003Cspan title=\"carbonate mineral\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa> fragment from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fen:Eisenerz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:en:Eisenerz\">\u003Cspan title=\"municipality in Leoben District, Styria, Austria\">Eisenerz\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>, in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fen:Styria\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:en:Styria\">\u003Cspan title=\"federal state in the south of Austria\">Styria\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>, exhibited in the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fen:Museum_f%C3%BCr_Naturkunde_Berlin\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:en:Museum für Naturkunde Berlin\">\u003Cspan title=\"natural history museum in Berlin, Germany\">Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fen:Germany\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:en:Germany\">\u003Cspan title=\"country in Central Europe\">Germany\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>.","Phyrexian",3072,{"id":700,"source_url":701,"license_code":579,"credit_html":702,"title":703,"description":704,"author":705,"original_width":706,"original_height":220},1713,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=2545408","“Jon Zander (Digon3)", via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=2545408\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite Mineral Macro.JPG","Macro of an \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa> about 1 1\u002F2 inches (4 cm) in size.","“Jon Zander (Digon3)\"",2272,{"id":708,"source_url":709,"license_code":542,"credit_html":710,"title":711,"description":712,"author":568,"original_width":713,"original_height":714},1714,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7215316","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7215316\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Soufresicile2.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSulphur\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sulphur\">Sulphur\u003C\u002Fa> - aragonite and celestine \n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality : Floristella Mine, Valguarnera, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FProvince_of_Enna\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Province of Enna\">Enna Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSicily\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sicily\">Sicily\u003C\u002Fa>, Italy\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size : 12.5 x 10.2 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",3497,2869,{"id":716,"source_url":717,"license_code":579,"credit_html":718,"title":719,"description":720,"author":617,"original_width":619,"original_height":721},33525,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124666","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124666\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite-Sulphur-35879.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSulfur\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sulfur\">Sulphur\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FProvince_of_Agrigento\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Province of Agrigento\">Agrigento Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSicily\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sicily\">Sicily\u003C\u002Fa>, Italy (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2132.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>From a deposit long since closed, I think this is an outstanding aragonite from a classic find of the early 1970s. On a crust of massive aragonite with minor sulfur are numerous colorless, twinned, lustrous, gemmy aragonite crystals up to 2.5 cm in length. The basal pinacoids (flat faces atop) are gemmier than the prism faces which can be opaque and chalky white in places, creating a shocking contrast . These are highly fluorescent 9.6 x 9.4 x 3.6 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",568,{"id":723,"source_url":724,"license_code":725,"credit_html":726,"title":727,"description":728,"author":729,"original_width":730,"original_height":731},1721,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84516300","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84516300\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nacreous aragonite shell of Baculites ammonite (Cretaceous) 1 (49073402802).jpg","\u003Cp>Baculites sp. - fossil ammonite with nacreous aragonite shell from the Cretaceous, probably from western North America. (longest dimension is ~5.4 centimeters)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Ammonites are common & conspicuous fossils in Mesozoic marine sedimentary rocks.  Ammonites are an extinct group of cephalopods - they’re basically squids in coiled shells.  The living chambered nautilus also has a squid-in-a-coiled-shell body plan, but ammonites are a different group.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Ammonites get their name from the coiled shell shape being reminiscent of a ram’s horn.  The ancient Egyptian god Amun (“Ammon” in Greek) was often depicted with a ram’s head & horns.  Pliny’s Natural History, book 37, written in the 70s A.D., refers to these fossils as “Hammonis cornu” (the horn of Ammon), and mentions that people living in northeastern Africa perceived them as sacred.  Pliny also indicates that ammonites were often pyritized.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Seen here is a fragment from a straight-shelled heteromorph ammonite called Baculites, which was common in Cretaceous seas.  The rainbow colors of the shell are \"mother-of-pearl\", technically known as nacreous aragonite, or just \"nacre\".  At a micron level, nacre is interlayered tablets of aragonite and organic material.  Nacreous aragonite occurs in the shells of many molluscs and is the cause of iridescence in pearls.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea, Ammonitida, Baculitidae\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>See info. at:\n<a href=\"\u003Ca class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaculites\">https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaculites\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">en.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaculites<\u002Fa>\nand\n<a href=\"\u003Ca class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmmonitida\">https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmmonitida\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">en.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmmonitida<\u002Fa>\nand\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNacre\">https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNacre\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">en.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNacre<\u002Fa>","James St. John",2804,2576,{"id":733,"source_url":734,"license_code":725,"credit_html":735,"title":736,"description":737,"author":729,"original_width":738,"original_height":739},1722,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84516301","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84516301\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nacreous aragonite shell of Baculites ammonite (Cretaceous) 3 (49073196601).jpg","\u003Cp>Baculites sp. - fossil ammonite with nacreous aragonite shell from the Cretaceous, probably from western North America. (~5.4 centimeters across at its widest)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Ammonites are common & conspicuous fossils in Mesozoic marine sedimentary rocks.  Ammonites are an extinct group of cephalopods - they’re basically squids in coiled shells.  The living chambered nautilus also has a squid-in-a-coiled-shell body plan, but ammonites are a different group.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Ammonites get their name from the coiled shell shape being reminiscent of a ram’s horn.  The ancient Egyptian god Amun (“Ammon” in Greek) was often depicted with a ram’s head & horns.  Pliny’s Natural History, book 37, written in the 70s A.D., refers to these fossils as “Hammonis cornu” (the horn of Ammon), and mentions that people living in northeastern Africa perceived them as sacred.  Pliny also indicates that ammonites were often pyritized.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Seen here is a fragment from a straight-shelled heteromorph ammonite called Baculites, which was common in Cretaceous seas.  The rainbow colors of the shell are \"mother-of-pearl\", technically known as nacreous aragonite, or just \"nacre\".  At a micron level, nacre is interlayered tablets of aragonite and organic material.  Nacreous aragonite occurs in the shells of many molluscs and is the cause of iridescence in pearls.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea, Ammonitida, Baculitidae\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>See info. at:\n<a href=\"\u003Ca class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaculites\">https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaculites\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">en.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaculites<\u002Fa>\nand\n<a href=\"\u003Ca class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmmonitida\">https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmmonitida\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">en.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmmonitida<\u002Fa>\nand\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNacre\">https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNacre\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">en.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNacre<\u002Fa>",2888,2046,{"id":741,"source_url":742,"license_code":725,"credit_html":743,"title":744,"description":745,"author":729,"original_width":746,"original_height":747},1723,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=94961191","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=94961191\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nacreous aragonite pen shell fragment (Sanibel Island, Florida, USA) 1.jpg","Atrina sp. - fragmentary pen shell from the latest Holocene of Florida, USA.\n\u003Cp>Bivalves are bilaterally symmetrical molluscs having two calcareous, asymmetrical shells (valves) - they include the clams, oysters, and scallops.  In most bivalves, the two shells are mirror images of each other (the major exception is the oysters).  They occur in marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments.  Bivalves are also known as pelecypods and lamellibranchiates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Bivalves are sessile, benthic organisms - they occur on or below substrates.  Most of them are filter-feeders, using siphons to bring in water, filter the water for tiny particles of food, then expel the used water.  The majority of bivalves are infaunal - they burrow into unlithified sediments.  In hard substrate environments, some forms make borings, in which the bivalve lives.  Some groups are hard substrate encrusters, using a mineral cement to attach to rocks, shells, or wood.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The fossil record of bivalves is Cambrian to Recent.  They are especially common in the post-Paleozoic fossil record.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Seen here is a fragment from a pen shell, Atrina sp. - this is the interior surface.  Atrina bivalves are known in the fossil record - their reported age range is Triassic to Holocene.  Atrina shells are thin, moderately fragile, and relatively organic-rich (Atrina shells can be partially dissolved by the dilute bleach that is used to clean these and eliminate foul odors).  The interior surface of individual Atrina shells has attractive, rainbow-iridescent nacreous aragonite (CaCO3 - calcium carbonate).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pteriomorphia, Pterioida, Pinnidae\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: Lighthouse Point beach, southern shore of the eastern tip of Sanibel Island, Gulf of Mexico coast of southwestern Florida, USA",3306,1789,{"id":749,"source_url":750,"license_code":725,"credit_html":751,"title":752,"description":745,"author":729,"original_width":753,"original_height":754},1724,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=94961194","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=94961194\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nacreous aragonite pen shell fragment (Sanibel Island, Florida, USA) 3.jpg",3145,1648,{"id":756,"source_url":757,"license_code":725,"credit_html":758,"title":759,"description":760,"author":729,"original_width":761,"original_height":762},1725,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=94961199","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=94961199\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nacreous aragonite pen shell fragment (Sanibel Island, Florida, USA) 5.jpg","Atrina sp. - fragmentary pen shell from the latest Holocene of Florida, USA.\n\u003Cp>Bivalves are bilaterally symmetrical molluscs having two calcareous, asymmetrical shells (valves) - they include the clams, oysters, and scallops.  In most bivalves, the two shells are mirror images of each other (the major exception is the oysters).  They occur in marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments.  Bivalves are also known as pelecypods and lamellibranchiates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Bivalves are sessile, benthic organisms - they occur on or below substrates.  Most of them are filter-feeders, using siphons to bring in water, filter the water for tiny particles of food, then expel the used water.  The majority of bivalves are infaunal - they burrow into unlithified sediments.  In hard substrate environments, some forms make borings, in which the bivalve lives.  Some groups are hard substrate encrusters, using a mineral cement to attach to rocks, shells, or wood.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The fossil record of bivalves is Cambrian to Recent.  They are especially common in the post-Paleozoic fossil record.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Seen here is a fragment from a pen shell, Atrina sp. - this is the interior surface.  Atrina bivalves are known in the fossil record - their reported age range is Triassic to Holocene.  Atrina shells are thin, moderately fragile, and relatively organic-rich (Atrina shells can be partially dissolved by the dilute bleach that is used to clean these and eliminate foul odors).  The interior surface of individual Atrina shells has attractive, rainbow-iridescent nacreous aragonite (CaCO3 - calcium carbonate).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The three whitish patches at left are encrusting oyster shells.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pteriomorphia, Pterioida, Pinnidae\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: Lighthouse Point beach, southern shore of the eastern tip of Sanibel Island, Gulf of Mexico coast of southwestern Florida, USA",2913,1583,{"id":764,"source_url":765,"license_code":725,"credit_html":766,"title":767,"description":768,"author":729,"original_width":769,"original_height":770},1726,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146801342","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146801342\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nacreous aragonite pen shell fragment (Sanibel Island, Florida, USA) 10.jpg","Atrina sp. - fragmentary pen shell (Modern) from Florida, USA.\n\u003Cp>Bivalves are bilaterally symmetrical molluscs having two calcareous, asymmetrical shells (valves) - they include the clams, oysters, and scallops.  In most bivalves, the two shells are mirror images of each other (the major exception is the oysters).  They occur in marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments.  Bivalves are also known as pelecypods and lamellibranchiates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Bivalves are sessile, benthic organisms - they occur on or below substrates.  Most of them are filter-feeders, using siphons to bring in water, filter the water for tiny particles of food, then expel the used water.  The majority of bivalves are infaunal - they burrow into unlithified sediments.  In hard substrate environments, some forms make borings, in which the bivalve lives.  Some groups are hard substrate encrusters, using a mineral cement to attach to rocks, shells, or wood.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The fossil record of bivalves is Cambrian to Recent.  They are especially common in the post-Paleozoic fossil record.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Seen here is a fragment from a pen shell, Atrina sp. - this is the interior surface.  Atrina bivalves are known in the fossil record - their reported age range is Triassic to Holocene.  Atrina shells are thin, moderately fragile, and relatively organic-rich (Atrina shells can be partially dissolved by the dilute bleach that is used to clean these and eliminate foul odors).  The interior surface of individual Atrina shells has attractive, rainbow-iridescent nacreous aragonite (CaCO3 - calcium carbonate).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pteriomorphia, Pterioida, Pinnidae\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: Sanibel Island, Gulf of Mexico coast of southwestern Florida, USA",3086,1475,{"id":772,"source_url":773,"license_code":725,"credit_html":774,"title":775,"description":768,"author":729,"original_width":776,"original_height":777},1727,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146801346","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146801346\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nacreous aragonite pen shell fragment (Sanibel Island, Florida, USA) 11.jpg",2932,1429,{"id":779,"source_url":780,"license_code":725,"credit_html":781,"title":782,"description":783,"author":729,"original_width":784,"original_height":785},1728,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146801347","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146801347\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nacreous aragonite pen shell fragment (Sanibel Island, Florida, USA) 12.jpg","Atrina sp. - fragmentary pen shell (Modern) from Florida, USA.\n\u003Cp>Bivalves are bilaterally symmetrical molluscs having two calcareous, asymmetrical shells (valves) - they include the clams, oysters, and scallops.  In most bivalves, the two shells are mirror images of each other (the major exception is the oysters).  They occur in marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments.  Bivalves are also known as pelecypods and lamellibranchiates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Bivalves are sessile, benthic organisms - they occur on or below substrates.  Most of them are filter-feeders, using siphons to bring in water, filter the water for tiny particles of food, then expel the used water.  The majority of bivalves are infaunal - they burrow into unlithified sediments.  In hard substrate environments, some forms make borings, in which the bivalve lives.  Some groups are hard substrate encrusters, using a mineral cement to attach to rocks, shells, or wood.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The fossil record of bivalves is Cambrian to Recent.  They are especially common in the post-Paleozoic fossil record.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Seen here is a fragment from a pen shell, Atrina sp. - this is the exterior surface.  Atrina bivalves are known in the fossil record - their reported age range is Triassic to Holocene.  Atrina shells are thin, moderately fragile, and relatively organic-rich (Atrina shells can be partially dissolved by the dilute bleach that is used to clean these and eliminate foul odors).  The interior surfaces of individual Atrina shells has attractive, rainbow-iridescent nacreous aragonite (CaCO3 - calcium carbonate).  This exterior surface shows hints of the rainbow-iridescent nacre.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pteriomorphia, Pterioida, Pinnidae\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: Sanibel Island, Gulf of Mexico coast of southwestern Florida, USA",3199,1511,{"id":787,"source_url":788,"license_code":725,"credit_html":789,"title":790,"description":791,"author":729,"original_width":792,"original_height":793},8057,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84805689","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84805689\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Erzbergite (alternating layers of aragonite-calcite) (Slovenia) (23213760420).jpg","\u003Cp>Erzbergite, attributed to Slovenia. (public display, Minnesota Discovery Center, Chisholm, Minnesota, USA)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 5400 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The carbonate minerals all contain one or more carbonate (CO3-2) anions.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Aragonite has the same chemistry as calcite - it is calcium carbonate (CaCO3).  Why is it a different mineral?  Aragonite has a different molecular structure - the atoms are packed differently.  Different minerals having the same chemical formula are called polymorphs (another good example is graphite & diamond - both C).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The difference in atomic-level packing between calcite and aragonite can be seen at the level of mineral hand samples.  Aragonite forms crystals in the orthorhombic class.  Many aragonite crystals are acicular (needle-like).  Many aragonites form pseudohexagonal crystals, the result of 6 orthorhombic prisms growing parallel to each other.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Like calcite, aragonite is moderately soft (H=3), is often clearish to whitish to yellowish, and easily bubbles in acid.  Aragonite is a little bit heavier than calcite, due to closer packing of atoms.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Most modern seashells & coral skeletons are composed of the aragonite.  Whitish-colored lime sand beaches in the world are aragonitic.  Occasionally, \"whitings\" are seen in shallow, warm ocean environments.  Whitings (cloudy, milky seawater) turn out to be loaded with tiny hair-like needles of aragonite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In the rock record, aragonitic or aragonite-rich sediments convert to calcite over time.  Cenozoic-aged carbonate sedimentary rocks are often aragonitic.  Mesozoic- and Paleozoic-aged carbonates are almost always calcitic.  Many ancient fossils have had their aragonitic shells dissolved away.  Ancient shells that were originally calcitic are often still well preserved.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The sample shown above is a \"variety\" of aragonite called erzbergite, which is actually interlayered aragonite and calcite.  It appears to be a variety of travertine (?).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of aragonite:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=307\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=307\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=307<\u002Fa>",2690,1780,{"id":795,"source_url":796,"license_code":725,"credit_html":797,"title":798,"description":799,"author":729,"original_width":800,"original_height":801},16778,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167258886","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167258886\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nacreous aragonite (\"mother-of-pearl\") 11.jpg","\"Mother-of-pearl\" refers to mollusc shell material having pearlescence to rainbow iridescence.  Such shell material is composed of nacreous aragonite (CaCO3, calcium carbonate), which is a polymorph of calcite.\n\u003Cp>These pinkish mother-of-pearl cabochons are from modern freshwater bivalves (\"mussels\").\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Info. at:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNacre",1827,1230,{"id":803,"source_url":804,"license_code":725,"credit_html":805,"title":806,"description":807,"author":729,"original_width":808,"original_height":809},16779,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167258891","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167258891\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nacreous aragonite (\"mother-of-pearl\") 7.jpg","\"Mother-of-pearl\" refers to mollusc shell material having pearlescence to rainbow iridescence.  Such shell material is composed of nacreous aragonite (CaCO3, calcium carbonate), which is a polymorph of calcite.\n\u003Cp>This pinkish mother-of-pearl cabochon is from a modern freshwater bivalve (\"mussel\").\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Info. at:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNacre",441,337,{"id":811,"source_url":812,"license_code":725,"credit_html":813,"title":814,"description":815,"author":729,"original_width":816,"original_height":817},16780,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167258895","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167258895\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nacreous aragonite (\"mother-of-pearl\") 4.jpg","\"Mother-of-pearl\" refers to mollusc shell material having pearlescence to rainbow iridescence.  Such shell material is composed of nacreous aragonite (CaCO3, calcium carbonate), which is a polymorph of calcite.\n\u003Cp>These whitish mother-of-pearl cabochons are from modern freshwater bivalves (\"mussels\").\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Info. at:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNacre",950,797,{"id":819,"source_url":820,"license_code":725,"credit_html":821,"title":822,"description":815,"author":729,"original_width":823,"original_height":824},16781,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167258897","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167258897\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Nacreous aragonite (\"mother-of-pearl\") 2.jpg",1055,863,{"id":826,"source_url":827,"license_code":542,"credit_html":828,"title":829,"description":830,"author":831,"original_width":832,"original_height":833},21634,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=61391043","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=61391043\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite 1.jpg","aragonite : San Javier Quarry, Las Vegas, Pantoja, Toledo, Castile-La-Mancha, Spain","Géry PARENT",2001,1667,{"id":835,"source_url":836,"license_code":579,"credit_html":837,"title":838,"description":839,"author":840,"original_width":645,"original_height":841},28699,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9483316","Rainer Halama, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9483316\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ruhrmuseum-Ebene-12-Naturkunde3786.jpg","Ruhr Museum at \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fen:Zollverein_Coal_Mine_Industrial_Complex\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:en:Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex\">Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZeiringite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zeiringite\">Zeiringite\u003C\u002Fa> (blue \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa>, variety); found ca. 1890\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Sardinia, Italy\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Rainer Halama",2592,{"id":843,"source_url":844,"license_code":579,"credit_html":845,"title":846,"description":847,"author":617,"original_width":619,"original_height":721},28700,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10155579","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10155579\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aragonite-192587.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wenshan Mine, Dulong ore field, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWenshan_County\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Wenshan County\">Wenshan County\u003C\u002Fa>, Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FYunnan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Yunnan\">Yunnan Province\u003C\u002Fa>, China (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21241.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.1 x 5.8 x 5.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A coral-like \"bloom\" of aragonite from Wenshan, tinted a beautiful sky-blue hue from copper content.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":849,"source_url":850,"license_code":579,"credit_html":851,"title":852,"description":853,"author":617,"original_width":854,"original_height":855},33135,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169826","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169826\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anorthite-Aragonite-263819.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnorthite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Anorthite\">Anorthite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNaxos_Island\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Naxos Island\">Naxos (Nisos Naxos; Naxia) Island\u003C\u002Fa>, Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon), Kykládes Prefecture, Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department, Greece (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-28870.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.3 x 6.5 x 5.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Mineral specimens are rare indeed from the ancient emery mines at Naxos Island, Greece, mined for emery by the Classical Greeks. The vuggy matrix is probably metabauxite. A really pretty, 1.7 cm radial, starburst-like spray of lustrous, colorless aragonite prisms rests above a euhedral, glassy, tabular, 1.3 cm, partially coated anorthite crystal. This old-time specimen certainly dates to the 19th Century and is from the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",679,700,{"id":857,"source_url":858,"license_code":579,"credit_html":859,"title":860,"description":853,"author":617,"original_width":861,"original_height":855},33136,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169827","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169827\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Anorthite-Aragonite-263820.jpg",479,{"id":863,"source_url":864,"license_code":579,"credit_html":865,"title":866,"description":867,"author":617,"original_width":868,"original_height":869},60636,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10155310","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10155310\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ilvaite-Siderite-Aragonite-191712.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIlvaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ilvaite\">Ilvaite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSiderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Siderite\">Siderite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Nikolaevskiy Mine, Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4642.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.0 x 3.6 x 3.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine combination pseudomorph specimen from the Nikolaevskiy Mine at Dal’negorsk, Russia. Mirror-bright, jet-black ilvaite crystals richly cover all sides of the diverging cluster of green to brown siderite pseudomorphing very elongated aragonite needles. From finds in the 1990s. Ex. Ryan Bowling Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",424,550,{"id":871,"source_url":872,"license_code":873,"credit_html":874,"title":875,"description":876,"author":877,"original_width":878,"original_height":879},61092,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=33529559","CC BY 3.0","John Sobolewski (JSS), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=33529559\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Dolomite (Var. Ferroan Dolomite), Aragonite.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDolomite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Dolomite\">Dolomite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var: Ferroan Dolomite), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAragonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aragonite\">Aragonite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Touissit, Touissit-Bou Beker District, Jerada Province, L'oriental Region, Morocco\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A 6.1 by 4.8 cms mass of brown crystals with small white balls of Aragonite. JSS specimen and photo.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","John Sobolewski (JSS)",1024,768,{"id":881,"source_url":882,"license_code":579,"credit_html":883,"title":884,"description":885,"author":886,"original_width":887,"original_height":888},71616,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=33999269","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=33999269\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lussatite, aragonite 1100-1-0826.JPG","quartz var. opal-CT var. lussatite, aragonite : Gergovie, La-Roche-Blanche, Veyre-Monton, Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne, France","Parent Géry",4272,2848,{"id":890,"source_url":891,"license_code":579,"credit_html":892,"title":893,"description":885,"author":886,"original_width":887,"original_height":888},71618,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=33999271","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=33999271\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lussatite, aragonite 1100-1-0831.JPG",[895,902,908,913,918],{"id":896,"url":897,"label":898,"formula":899,"spacegroup":900,"year":901},871,"\u002Fcif\u002F871.cif","Ye 2012","(Ca.997 Sr.003) C O3","P m c n",2012,{"id":903,"url":904,"label":905,"formula":906,"spacegroup":900,"year":907},881,"\u002Fcif\u002F881.cif","Antao 2010","Ca C O3",2010,{"id":909,"url":910,"label":911,"formula":906,"spacegroup":900,"year":912},903,"\u002Fcif\u002F903.cif","Antao 2009",2009,{"id":914,"url":915,"label":916,"formula":906,"spacegroup":900,"year":917},906,"\u002Fcif\u002F906.cif","de 1971",1971,{"id":919,"url":920,"label":921,"formula":906,"spacegroup":900,"year":917},907,"\u002Fcif\u002F907.cif","Dal 1971",[923,924,925,926,927,928,929,930,931,932,933,934,935,936,937,938,939,940,941,942,943,944,945,946,947,948,949,950,951,952,953,954,955,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966],"Arragon Spar","Arragonischer Apatit","Arragonischer Kalkspath","Arragonit","Arragonita","Arragonite","Brudelstein","Carls-Erbsen","Carlsbader Erbsen","Carlsbader Pisolith","Chimborazit","Chimborazita","Chimborazite","Conchit","Conchita","Conchite","Excentrischer Kalkstein","Globuli tophacei","Hrachovec","Iglit","Iglita","Iglite","Igloit","Igloita","Igloite","Ktypéit","Ktypéita","Ktypéite","Marmoreus ramulosus","Nadelstein","Oserskit","Oserskita","Oserskite","Pisa Carolina","Prismatisches Kalkhaloid","Schallenkalk","Spathum prismaticum in igne lucem spargens","Sprudelstein","Stillatitius lapis","Vřídlovec","Walstein","Winnieit","Winnieita","Winnieite",[968,972,977,981,985,989,992,996,1000,1004,1008,1012,1015,1020,1024,1027,1031,1035,1038,1042,1046,1050,1054,1057,1061,1064,1067,1071,1074,1078,1081,1085,1089,1093,1096,1100,1103,1107,1110,1114,1117,1121,1124,1128,1131,1134,1137,1140,1143,1146,1149,1153,1156,1159,1162,1165,1168,1171,1174,1179,1182,1185,1189,1192,1195,1199,1203,1206],{"lang":969,"names":970},"af",[971],"Aragoniet",{"lang":973,"names":974},"an",[975,976],"Aragonita","Aragonito",{"lang":978,"names":979},"ar",[980],"أراجونيت",{"lang":982,"names":983},"az",[984],"Araqonit",{"lang":986,"names":987},"be",[988],"араганіт",{"lang":990,"names":991},"be-tarask",[988],{"lang":993,"names":994},"be-x-old",[995],"Араганіт",{"lang":997,"names":998},"bg",[999],"арагонит",{"lang":1001,"names":1002},"bs",[1003],"Aragonit",{"lang":1005,"names":1006},"ca",[1007],"aragonita",{"lang":1009,"names":1010},"cs",[1011],"aragonit",{"lang":1013,"names":1014},"da",[1003],{"lang":1016,"names":1017},"de",[1003,1018,1019],"Aragonitgruppe","Nicholsonit",{"lang":1021,"names":1022},"el",[1023],"Αραγωνίτης",{"lang":1025,"names":1026},"eo",[976],{"lang":1028,"names":1029},"es",[1007,1030],"aragonito",{"lang":1032,"names":1033},"et",[1034],"aragoniit",{"lang":1036,"names":1037},"eu",[976],{"lang":1039,"names":1040},"fa",[1041],"آراگونیت",{"lang":1043,"names":1044},"fi",[1045],"aragoniitti",{"lang":1047,"names":1048},"fr",[1049],"aragonite",{"lang":1051,"names":1052},"ga",[1053],"aragóinít",{"lang":1055,"names":1056},"gl",[975],{"lang":1058,"names":1059},"he",[1060],"ארגוניט",{"lang":1062,"names":1063},"hr",[1003],{"lang":1065,"names":1066},"hu",[1011],{"lang":1068,"names":1069},"hy",[1070],"արագոնիտ",{"lang":1072,"names":1073},"id",[1011],{"lang":1075,"names":1076},"is",[1077],"Aragónít",{"lang":1079,"names":1080},"it",[1049],{"lang":1082,"names":1083},"ja",[1084],"アラレ石",{"lang":1086,"names":1087},"kk",[1088],"Арагонит",{"lang":1090,"names":1091},"ko",[1092],"아라고나이트",{"lang":1094,"names":1095},"ky",[1088],{"lang":1097,"names":1098},"la",[1099],"Aragonites",{"lang":1101,"names":1102},"li",[971],{"lang":1104,"names":1105},"lt",[1106],"Aragonitas",{"lang":1108,"names":1109},"mk",[999],{"lang":1111,"names":1112},"nb",[1113],"aragonitt",{"lang":1115,"names":1116},"nds",[1003],{"lang":1118,"names":1119},"nl",[1120],"aragoniet",{"lang":1122,"names":1123},"nn",[1113],{"lang":1125,"names":1126},"no",[1127],"Aragonitt",{"lang":1129,"names":1130},"oc",[975,7],{"lang":1132,"names":1133},"pl",[1011],{"lang":1135,"names":1136},"pt",[1007],{"lang":1138,"names":1139},"pt-br",[975],{"lang":1141,"names":1142},"ro",[1011],{"lang":1144,"names":1145},"ru",[999],{"lang":1147,"names":1148},"sco",[1049],{"lang":1150,"names":1151},"se",[1152],"aragonihtta",{"lang":1154,"names":1155},"sh",[1003],{"lang":1157,"names":1158},"sk",[1003],{"lang":1160,"names":1161},"sl",[1011],{"lang":1163,"names":1164},"smj",[1152],{"lang":1166,"names":1167},"sms",[1113],{"lang":1169,"names":1170},"sr",[999],{"lang":1172,"names":1173},"sv",[1011],{"lang":1175,"names":1176},"ta",[1177,1178],"அரகோனைட்","அரகோனைட்டு",{"lang":1180,"names":1181},"tg",[1088],{"lang":1183,"names":1184},"tr",[1011],{"lang":1186,"names":1187},"uk",[1188],"арагоніт",{"lang":1190,"names":1191},"uz",[1003],{"lang":1193,"names":1194},"vi",[1011],{"lang":1196,"names":1197},"wuu",[1198],"霰石",{"lang":1200,"names":1201},"zh",[1202,1198],"文石",{"lang":1204,"names":1205},"zh-cn",[1198],{"lang":1207,"names":1208},"zh-hans",[1198],"Q23775",{"history":1211,"applications":1215},{"markdown":1212,"model_version":1213,"prompt_version":1214,"reviewed_at":11},"The mineral takes its name from a Spanish village, not the Spanish region many later writers assumed. In 1797, the German mineralogist Abraham Gottlob Werner formally named *aragonite* for its type locality — the village of Molina de Aragón, in what is now the province of Guadalajara[1]. The *Aragón* in the village's name was repeatedly conflated by later writers with the much larger northeastern province of Aragón, hundreds of kilometres away. The misattribution is old enough that it still appears in print.\n\nThe Molina crystals are *cyclic twins* — clusters in which several prisms interpenetrate around a common axis — locked inside gypsum and marl of *Triassic* age[2]. The form looks like a single six-sided crystal. The chemistry, *CaCO₃*, was already known and was supposed to crystallise as the rhombs of calcite. Werner's specimens, with the same composition, clearly did not.\n\nThe resolution — that aragonite and calcite are *polymorphs*, two distinct crystal forms of the same compound — was a 19th-century achievement. Aragonite is the form that is stable at high pressures[3]. At surface conditions it is *metastable*: it persists for a long time but eventually converts to calcite. Older calcium-carbonate fossils, whatever their original mineralogy, are commonly found as calcite for this reason[4].","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":1216,"model_version":1213,"prompt_version":1214,"reviewed_at":11},"Aragonite is not a major industrial commodity. The world's bulk supply of *calcium carbonate* — *CaCO₃* — comes from limestone and chalk. Both are made of the other common form, calcite. Aragonite has no separate market at that scale. Its modern significance is biological and scientific.\n\nThe mineral is the carbonate that life prefers. Pearls are normally aragonite[1]. The same mineral forms the shells of nearly all molluscs and the calcareous endoskeletons of warm- and cold-water corals[2]. It is also an important component of the shells and *tests* — the hard outer skeletons — of many other marine invertebrates[3].\n\nIn *reef aquaria*, hobbyist tanks that recreate coral-reef conditions, aragonite is considered essential[4]. It provides the materials that reef life needs to build its shells and skeletons. It also keeps the water's pH close to its natural level. That stability prevents the dissolution of the animals' own *biogenic* — biologically produced — calcium carbonate.\n\nBeyond aquaria, aragonite has been tested for the removal of dissolved heavy metals — *zinc*, *cobalt*, and *lead* — from contaminated wastewater[5]. The use sits at the research stage rather than routine industrial deployment."]