[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:664":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":16,"ima_formula":17,"elements":18,"sigelements":23,"key_elements":24,"impurities":11,"cim":25,"ima_status":26,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":29,"strunz10ed1":30,"strunz10ed2":31,"strunz10ed3":32,"strunz10ed4":33,"dana8ed1":34,"dana8ed2":35,"dana8ed3":36,"dana8ed4":37,"csystem":38,"cclass":39,"spacegroup":40,"spacegroupset":41,"a":42,"b":43,"c":44,"alpha":41,"beta":45,"gamma":41,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":11,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":46,"tlform":11,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":41,"vhnmax":41,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":48,"dmeas2":48,"dcalc":49,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":50,"lustretype":51,"commentluster":52,"diapheny":53,"streak":11,"colour":54,"commentcolor":11,"colors":55,"streak_colors":11,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":59,"cleavagetype":60,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":61,"opticalsign":62,"opticalalpha":63,"opticalalpha2":41,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":64,"opticalbeta2":41,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":65,"opticalgamma2":41,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":41,"opticalomega2":41,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":41,"opticalepsilon2":41,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":41,"opticaln2":41,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":66,"optical2vcalc2":41,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":66,"optical2vmeasured2":41,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":67,"rimax":68,"opticaldispersion":69,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":70,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":71,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":72,"aboutname":73,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":74,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":75,"group_members":76,"associates":114,"confused_with":115,"type_localities":116,"occurrence_total":123,"citations":124,"images":197,"structures":208,"synonyms":215,"language_names":232,"wikidata_qid":273,"texts":274},664,"1:1:664:8","08de9dac-01e0-40e1-b3d9-5ee72ab4e388","Bieberite","Bie",0,"mineral",null,29309,272,false,"Co\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Given as \u003Cf>Co(SO^4).7H^2O\u003C\u002Ff> in the IMA list.","Co(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[19,20,21,22],"Co","O","S","H",[19,20,21,22],[19],"25.12.1",[27,28],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1845","7","C","B","35","29","6","10","4","Monoclinic",5,13,"0","14.04","6.49","10.92","105.27","As crusts and stalactites.",2,"1.96","1.83","Vitreous","Vitreous,Earthy","Luster\u002Ftexture becomes mealy upon dehydration to the hexahydrate.","Translucent,Opaque","Red-pink, flesh-red; colourless to pale rose in transmitted light.",[56,57,58],"red","pink","colorless","On {001} perfect; on {110} fair.","Perfect","Biaxial","-","1.477","1.483","1.489","88",1.477,1.489,"none","easily dehydrates to the hexahydrate.","Soluble in H2O","Melanterite Group.\r\n\r\nA secondary mineral formed by the oxidation of sulfide and arsenide ores containing cobalt. Often a post-mining product.\r\n\r\nMay dehydrate to moorhouseite.","After the discovery locality, Bieber, Hessen, Germany.","2026-05-07 15:17:08",[],[77,85,92,99,107],{"id":78,"name":79,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":80,"mindat_formula":81,"hmin":82,"hmax":82,"dmeas":41,"dcalc":83,"primary_image_id":84},27526,"Alpersite","Mg(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Mg,Cu\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>)(H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",2.5,"1.820",892,{"id":86,"name":87,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":88,"mindat_formula":89,"hmin":47,"hmax":82,"dmeas":90,"dcalc":41,"primary_image_id":91},720,"Boothite","Cu(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Cu\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.94",2033,{"id":93,"name":94,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":95,"mindat_formula":96,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":97,"dcalc":98,"primary_image_id":11},2555,"Mallardite","Mn(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.846","1.838",{"id":100,"name":101,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":102,"mindat_formula":103,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":104,"dcalc":105,"primary_image_id":106},2633,"Melanterite","Fe(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.89","1.893",15794,{"id":108,"name":109,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":110,"mindat_formula":111,"hmin":47,"hmax":82,"dmeas":112,"dcalc":113,"primary_image_id":11},4406,"Zincmelanterite","Zn(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Zn(H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.02","1.93",[],[],[117],{"id":118,"txt":119,"latitude":120,"longitude":121,"country":122},1808,"\"Im Lochborn\" Copper mine, Bieber, Biebergemünd, Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany",50.1408333,9.3619444,"Germany",47,[125,129,133,136,140,144,147,151,155,159,163,167,171,175,179,183,188,192],{"id":126,"year":127,"html":128,"doi":11},16103138,1791,"Sage (1791) Le Journal de physique et le radium, Paris: 39: 53 (as Cobalt Vitriol).",{"id":130,"year":131,"html":132,"doi":11},16772244,1797,"Klaproth, M. H. (1797) Untersuchung des natürlichen Kobaltvitriols von Herrengrund. In \u003Ci>Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 2. Rottmann, Berlin. p.320\u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.e-rara.ch\u002Fdownload\u002Fpdf\u002F12724671.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":134,"year":118,"html":135,"doi":11},16103140,"Kopp (1808) Allgemeines Journal der Chemie, Berlin 1798-1803 (Scherer’s Journal): 6: 157 (as Kobaltvitriol).",{"id":137,"year":138,"html":139,"doi":11},18530121,1832,"Beudant, François-Sulpice (1832) \u003Ci>Traité élémentaire de minéralogie. Deuxiéme Edition [Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy. Second Edition]\u003C\u002Fi> (2nd ed.) Vol. 2 - Tome II [Volume  II]. Chez Verdière. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fbub_gb_XSRCAAAAcAAJ\u002Fbub_gb_XSRCAAAAcAAJ.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":141,"year":142,"html":143,"doi":11},16103142,1845,"Haidinger, W. (1845) Erste Klasse: Akrogenide. IV. Ordnung. Salze. VII. Vitriolsalz. Bieberit. in Handbuch der Bestimmenden Mineralogie, Bei Braumüller and Seidel (Wien): 487-492.",{"id":145,"year":142,"html":146,"doi":11},16103143,"Winkelblech (1845) Ann. Chem.: 13: 265.",{"id":148,"year":149,"html":150,"doi":11},16103144,1855,"Marignac (1855) Mém. soc. phys. nat. Genève: 14: 245 (re: artificial material).",{"id":152,"year":153,"html":154,"doi":11},4468623,1913,"(1913) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 1 - Text - Band I - Adamin-Buntkupfererz. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":156,"year":157,"html":158,"doi":11},16103146,1920,"Larsen, E.S., Glenn, M.L. (1920) Some minerals of the melanterite and chalcanthite groups with optical data on the hydrous sulphates of manganese and cobalt. American Journal of Science: 50: 225-233.",{"id":160,"year":161,"html":162,"doi":11},16103147,1926,"Westenbrink (1926) Proceedings of the Academy of Science Amsterdam: 29: 1223.",{"id":164,"year":165,"html":166,"doi":11},16103148,1928,"Porter (1928) Festschr. V. Goldschmidt, Heidelberg: 210.",{"id":168,"year":169,"html":170,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":172,"year":173,"html":174,"doi":11},16103150,1985,"Sabelli C, Trosti-Ferroni R. (1985) A structural classification of sulfate minerals. Periodico di Mineralogia: 54: 1-46.",{"id":176,"year":177,"html":178,"doi":11},16103151,1991,"Kellersohn, T., Delaplane, R.G., Olovsson, I. (1991) Disorder of a trigonally planar coordinated water molecule in cobalt sulfate heptahydrate, CoSO4·7D2O (bieberite). Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B Chemical Science: 46: 1635-1640.",{"id":180,"year":181,"html":182,"doi":11},16963236,2005,"(2005) Bieberite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbieberite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":184,"year":185,"html":186,"doi":187},395743,2007,"Redhammer, G. J., Koll, L., Bernroider, M., Tippelt, G., Amthauer, G., Roth, G. (2007) Co\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>-Cu\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup> substitution in bieberite solid-solution series, (Co\u003Csub>1-x\u003C\u002Fsub>Cu\u003Csub>x\u003C\u002Fsub>)SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O, 0.00 \u003C= x \u003C= 0.46: Synthesis, single-crystal structure analysis, and optical spectroscopy. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  92 (4) 532-545 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2007.2229'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2007.2229\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2007.2229",{"id":189,"year":190,"html":191,"doi":11},16101261,2009,"Buzgar, N., Buzatu, A., Sanislav, I.V. (2009) The Raman study on certain sulfates. Annalele Stiintifice ale Universitatii: 55: 5-23.",{"id":193,"year":194,"html":195,"doi":196},398225,2017,"Hazen, Robert M., Hystad, Grethe, Golden, Joshua J., Hummer, Daniel R., Liu, Chao, Downs, Robert T., Morrison, Shaunna M., Ralph, Jolyon, Grew, Edward S. (2017) Cobalt mineral ecology. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  102 (1) 108-116 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2017-5798'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2017-5798\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2017-5798",[198],{"id":199,"source_url":200,"license_code":201,"credit_html":202,"title":203,"description":204,"author":205,"original_width":206,"original_height":207},3242,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=30456769","CC BY 3.0","John Sobolewski (JSS), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=30456769\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bieberite, Bismuth-466347.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBieberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bieberite\">Bieberite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBismuth\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bismuth\">Bismuth\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Schlema, Schlema-Hartenstein District, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> A heavy 4.4 by 2.7 cms mass of mainly grey Bismuth covered by a thin film of pinkish Bieberite from an old classic locality. JSS specimen and photo.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","John Sobolewski (JSS)",1024,768,[209],{"id":210,"url":211,"label":212,"formula":213,"spacegroup":214,"year":177},1544,"\u002Fcif\u002F1544.cif","Kellersohn 1991","Co S O11 D14","P 1 21\u002Fc 1",[216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231],"Biberit","Biberita","Biberite","Bieberiet","Biebrit","Biebrita","Biebrite","Cobalt Vitriol","Cobalt-melanterite","Kobaltvitriol","Red Vitriol","Rhodhalit","Rhodhalita","Rhodhalite","Rhodhalose","Sulphate of Cobalt",[233,237,243,247,251,254,258,261,265,269],{"lang":234,"names":235},"ca",[236],"bieberita",{"lang":238,"names":239},"de",[240,225,230,241,242],"Bieberit","Roter Vitriol","Schwefelsaurer Kobalt",{"lang":244,"names":245},"es",[246],"Bieberita",{"lang":248,"names":249},"et",[250],"bieberiit",{"lang":252,"names":253},"eu",[246],{"lang":255,"names":256},"fr",[257],"biebérite",{"lang":259,"names":260},"it",[7],{"lang":262,"names":263},"ja",[264],"赤礬",{"lang":266,"names":267},"mk",[268],"Биберит",{"lang":270,"names":271},"uk",[272],"Біберит","Q3639748",{"history":11,"applications":11}]