[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:7622":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":8,"polytypeof":8,"groupid":8,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":8,"ima_formula":8,"elements":15,"sigelements":18,"key_elements":8,"impurities":8,"cim":8,"ima_status":8,"ima_notes":8,"ima_history":8,"approval_year":8,"publication_year":8,"discovery_year":8,"strunz10ed1":19,"strunz10ed2":19,"strunz10ed3":19,"strunz10ed4":8,"dana8ed1":19,"dana8ed2":19,"dana8ed3":19,"dana8ed4":19,"csystem":8,"cclass":8,"spacegroup":8,"spacegroupset":19,"a":8,"b":8,"c":8,"alpha":8,"beta":8,"gamma":8,"aerror":8,"berror":8,"cerror":8,"alphaerror":8,"betaerror":8,"gammaerror":8,"va3":8,"z":8,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":8,"twinning":8,"tranglide":8,"parting":8,"epitaxidescription":8,"morphology":8,"tlform":8,"hmin":8,"hmax":8,"hardtype":8,"vhnmin":8,"vhnmax":8,"vhnerror":8,"vhng":8,"vhns":8,"commenthard":8,"dmeas":19,"dmeas2":19,"dcalc":8,"dmeaserror":8,"dcalcerror":8,"commentdense":8,"lustre":8,"lustretype":8,"commentluster":8,"diapheny":8,"streak":8,"colour":20,"commentcolor":8,"colors":21,"streak_colors":8,"luminescence":8,"uv":8,"cleavage":8,"cleavagetype":8,"fracturetype":8,"tenacity":8,"commentbreak":8,"opticaltype":8,"opticalsign":8,"opticalalpha":8,"opticalalpha2":19,"opticalalphaerror":8,"opticalbeta":8,"opticalbeta2":19,"opticalbetaerror":8,"opticalgamma":8,"opticalgamma2":19,"opticalgammaerror":8,"opticalomega":8,"opticalomega2":19,"opticalomegaerror":8,"opticalepsilon":8,"opticalepsilon2":19,"opticalepsilonerror":8,"opticaln":8,"opticaln2":8,"opticalnerror":8,"optical2vcalc":8,"optical2vcalc2":8,"optical2vcalcerror":8,"optical2vmeasured":8,"optical2vmeasured2":8,"optical2vmeasurederror":8,"rimin":8,"rimax":8,"opticaldispersion":8,"opticalpleochroism":8,"opticalpleochorismdesc":8,"opticalbirefringence":8,"opticalcomments":8,"opticalcolour":8,"opticalinternal":8,"opticaltropic":8,"opticalanisotropism":8,"opticalbireflectance":8,"opticalextinction":8,"opticalr":8,"specdispm":8,"ir":8,"electrical":8,"magnetism":8,"thermalbehaviour":8,"other":8,"industrial":8,"occurrence":8,"otheroccurrence":8,"type_specimen_store":8,"description_short":8,"aboutname":24,"rock_parent":8,"rock_parent2":8,"rock_root":25,"rock_bgs_code":8,"meteoritical_code":8,"updttime":26,"reviewed_at":8,"variety_of":27,"varieties":33,"group_members":34,"associates":35,"confused_with":36,"type_localities":37,"occurrence_total":38,"citations":39,"images":53,"structures":102,"synonyms":103,"language_names":108,"wikidata_qid":8,"texts":109},7622,"1:1:7622:3","82c38059-b926-4d84-908c-99a5485327c7","Binghamite",null,2,"variety",960,86,false,"SiO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",[16,17],"Si","O",[16,17],"0","Yellowish to reddish",[22,23],"yellow","red","Bill Bingham, Minnesota Mineral Club co-founder and first president, first described the material now called \"binghamite\" in 1936.",0,"2025-08-11 12:14:28",{"id":11,"name":28,"entrytype":9,"csystem":8,"ima_formula":8,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":29,"hmax":30,"dmeas":31,"dcalc":19,"strunz10ed1":19,"primary_image_id":32},"Chalcedony",6.5,7,"2.6",87926,[],[],[],[],[],1,[40,44,48],{"id":41,"year":42,"html":43,"doi":8},15937425,1963,"Schmidt, R.G. (1963) Geology and ore deposits of the Cuyuna North Range, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 407, 96 p.",{"id":45,"year":46,"html":47,"doi":8},16131571,1989,"Kammerer, J.(1989) Binghamite and silkstone: Minnesota's unique gemstones, Lapidary Journal:43(5): 50-53.",{"id":49,"year":50,"html":51,"doi":52},138831,2003,"Heaney, Peter J., Fisher, Donald M. (2003) New interpretation of the origin of tiger's-eye. \u003Ci>Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  31 (4) 323 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1130\u002F0091-7613(2003)031\u003C0323:niotoo>2.0.co;2'>doi:10.1130\u002F0091-7613(2003)031\u003C0323:niotoo>2.0.co;2\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1130\u002F0091-7613(2003)031\u003C0323:niotoo>2.0.co;2",[54,64,73,81,88,95],{"id":55,"source_url":56,"license_code":57,"credit_html":58,"title":59,"description":60,"author":61,"original_width":62,"original_height":63},35857,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=45950843","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=45950843\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Binghamite (Cuyuna North Range, Minnesota, USA).jpg","\u003Cp>Binghamite from the Precambrian of Minnesota, USA. (public display, Minnesota Discovery Center, Chisholm, Minnesota, USA)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Binghamite has been characterized as a mineral, or as a variety of quartz, but it is not.  Binghamite is a rock having chalcedony (= microscopic fibrous quartz) intergrown with fibrous iron oxide - hematite and\u002For goethite.  Some sources say that binghamite is chalcedony replacement of fibrous goethite-hematite.  This material has chatoyancy - the same play of light and color as seen in tiger's eye quartz, which also has a fibrous structure.  Apparent synonyms, or near-synonyms, of binghamite include silkstone and cuyunite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: iron mine in the Cuyuna North Range (probably near the town of Crosby), Crow Wing County, central Minnesota, USA","James St. John",4000,3000,{"id":65,"source_url":66,"license_code":67,"credit_html":68,"title":69,"description":70,"author":71,"original_width":63,"original_height":72},35858,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=80146896","CC BY-SA 4.0","In situ design lab, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=80146896\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Binghamite.jpg","Binghamite. A variety of Chalcedony\n\u003Cp>Chatoyant chalcedony included with dense and parallel fibers of Goethite and\u002For Hematite. Similar to Tiger's Eye.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nOriginally described from Cuyuna North Range, Crow Wing Co., Minnesota, USA.","In situ design lab",5872,{"id":74,"source_url":75,"license_code":57,"credit_html":76,"title":77,"description":78,"author":61,"original_width":79,"original_height":80},35862,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=169583713","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=169583713\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Binghamite (Cuyuna North Range, Minnesota, USA) 1.jpg","Binghamite from the Precambrian of Minnesota, USA. (public display, Minnesota Discovery Center, Chisholm, Minnesota, USA)\n\u003Cp>Binghamite has been characterized as a mineral, or as a variety of quartz, but it is not.  Binghamite is a rock having chalcedony (= microscopic fibrous quartz) intergrown with fibrous iron oxide - hematite and\u002For goethite.  Some sources say that binghamite is chalcedony replacement of fibrous goethite-hematite.  This material has chatoyancy - the same play of light and color as seen in tiger's eye quartz, which also has a fibrous structure.  Apparent synonyms, or near-synonyms, of binghamite include silkstone and cuyunite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: iron mine in the Cuyuna North Range (probably near the town of Crosby), Crow Wing County, central Minnesota, USA",3887,2430,{"id":82,"source_url":83,"license_code":57,"credit_html":84,"title":85,"description":78,"author":61,"original_width":86,"original_height":87},35863,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=169583714","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=169583714\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Binghamite (Cuyuna North Range, Minnesota, USA) 2.jpg",3765,2618,{"id":89,"source_url":90,"license_code":57,"credit_html":91,"title":92,"description":78,"author":61,"original_width":93,"original_height":94},35864,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=169583715","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=169583715\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Binghamite (Cuyuna North Range, Minnesota, USA) 3.jpg",3553,2994,{"id":96,"source_url":97,"license_code":57,"credit_html":98,"title":99,"description":78,"author":61,"original_width":100,"original_height":101},35865,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=169583724","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=169583724\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Binghamite (Cuyuna North Range, Minnesota, USA) 4.jpg",3228,2632,[],[104,105,106,107],"American Tiger Eye","Binghamit","Binghamita","Cuyunite",[],{"history":8,"applications":8}]