[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:681":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":22,"impurities":23,"cim":24,"ima_status":25,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":28,"strunz10ed1":29,"strunz10ed2":30,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":32,"dana8ed4":34,"csystem":35,"cclass":36,"spacegroup":37,"spacegroupset":38,"a":39,"b":40,"c":41,"alpha":42,"beta":43,"gamma":42,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":44,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":45,"twinning":46,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":47,"tlform":11,"hmin":48,"hmax":44,"hardtype":49,"vhnmin":42,"vhnmax":42,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":50,"dmeas2":51,"dcalc":52,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":53,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":54,"streak":55,"colour":56,"commentcolor":11,"colors":57,"streak_colors":60,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":11,"cleavagetype":11,"fracturetype":61,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":62,"opticalsign":63,"opticalalpha":64,"opticalalpha2":42,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":65,"opticalbeta2":42,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":66,"opticalgamma2":42,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":42,"opticalomega2":42,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":42,"opticalepsilon2":42,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":42,"opticaln2":42,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":67,"optical2vcalc2":42,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":68,"optical2vmeasured2":42,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":69,"rimax":70,"opticaldispersion":71,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":72,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":73,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":74,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":75,"type_specimen_store":76,"description_short":77,"aboutname":78,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":79,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":80,"group_members":81,"associates":82,"confused_with":100,"type_localities":101,"occurrence_total":108,"citations":109,"images":171,"structures":192,"synonyms":205,"language_names":209,"wikidata_qid":303,"texts":304},681,"1:1:681:5","8b0d80f4-a23b-4103-93d1-9a2c5672d358","Bischofite","Bsf",0,"mineral",null,146,false,"MgCl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","MgCl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[17,18,19,20],"Cl","Mg","O","H",[17,18,19,20],[17],"Ca,S","8.4.3",[26,27],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1877","3","B","15","9","2","1","Monoclinic",5,11,"C2\u002Fm ","9.8607","7.1071","6.0737","0","93.758",2,"synthetic material","May twin polysynthetically under pressure","Crystals short prismatic along [001]; commonly foliated, fibrous, crystalline granular, also massive",1,3,"1.591","1.604","1.5895","Vitreous,Dull","Transparent,Translucent","White","Colourless to white; colourless in transmitted light",[58,59],"colorless","white",[59],"Irregular\u002FUneven,Conchoidal","Biaxial","+","1.495","1.507","1.528","76","79",1.495,1.528,"r > v, weak","X = b; Y ∧ c = 9.5°.","Deliquescent.","Readily soluble in alcohol and in water.","In saline deposits; probably in part formed from carnallite","No designated type material.","A relatively rare constituent of saline deposits. Secondary in origin in part. Formed by alteration of Carnallite by water.\r\n\r\nDeliquescent and soluble in water.","For Karl Gustav Bischof (1792-1870), German geologist and mineral chemist, Professor of Chemistry in the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, and for F. Bischof, director of the Stassfurt salt works","2025-08-11 12:14:18",[],[],[83,91],{"id":84,"name":85,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":86,"mindat_formula":87,"hmin":88,"hmax":88,"dmeas":89,"dcalc":90,"primary_image_id":11},11432,"Novgorodovaite","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(C\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)Cl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(C\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)Cl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",2.5,"2.38","2.40",{"id":92,"name":93,"entrytype":9,"csystem":94,"ima_formula":95,"mindat_formula":96,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"dmeas":97,"dcalc":98,"primary_image_id":99},3865,"Tachyhydrite","Trigonal","CaMg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · 12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaMg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>·12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.667","1.673",23471,[],[102],{"id":103,"txt":104,"latitude":105,"longitude":106,"country":107},10174,"Friedrichshall potash mine, Staßfurt, Salzlandkreis, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany",51.8405556,11.6069444,"Germany",44,[110,114,117,120,124,128,132,136,140,144,148,153,158,162,166],{"id":111,"year":112,"html":113,"doi":11},16103283,1877,"Ochsenius, C. (1877) \u003Ci>Die Bildung der Steinsalzlager und ihrer Mutterlaugensalze [The formation of rock salt deposits and their mother liquor salts]\u003C\u002Fi> - unter specieller Berücksichtigung der Flöze von Douglashall in der Egeln´schen Mulde [with special consideration of the Douglashall seams in the Egeln'sche Mulde]. Pfeffer, Halle.",{"id":115,"year":112,"html":116,"doi":11},16103284,"Ochsenius, C. (1877): Jahresbericht über die Fortschritte der Chemie und verwandter Theile anderer Wissenschaften: 1284, 1285.",{"id":118,"year":112,"html":119,"doi":11},16103285,"Ochsenius, C. (1877): Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 1: 414.",{"id":121,"year":122,"html":123,"doi":11},16103286,1904,"Przibylla (1904) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Stuttgart: 238.",{"id":125,"year":126,"html":127,"doi":11},16103287,1905,"Dewar (1905) Chem. News: 91: 216.",{"id":129,"year":130,"html":131,"doi":11},16103288,1906,"Mügge (1906) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: I: 91.",{"id":133,"year":134,"html":135,"doi":11},16103289,1910,"Görgey (1910) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 29: 200.",{"id":137,"year":138,"html":139,"doi":11},16103290,1928,"Doelter, C. (1928) Handbuch der Mineral-chemie: 4(2): 1212.",{"id":141,"year":142,"html":143,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":145,"year":146,"html":147,"doi":11},16103292,1965,"Heide, K. and Kühn, W. (1965): Bischofit im carnallitschen Stassfurtlager der stillgelegten Kaliwerke Aschersleben\u002FAnhalt (Schachtanlage V). Chemie der Erde 24, 211-214 (in German).",{"id":149,"year":150,"html":151,"doi":152},14550490,1974,"Sorrell, Charles A.; Ramey, Roy R. (1974) X-ray powder data and unit cell parameters of MgCl2.6H2O. \u003Ci>Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data\u003C\u002Fi>,  19 (1). 31-32 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fje60060a023'>doi:10.1021\u002Fje60060a023\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Fje60060a023",{"id":154,"year":155,"html":156,"doi":157},222512,1985,"Agron, P. A., Busing, W. R. (1985) Magnesium dichloride hexahydrate, MgCl2.6H2O, by neutron diffraction. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications\u003C\u002Fi>,  41 (1) 8-10 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0108270185002591'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0108270185002591\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0108270185002591",{"id":159,"year":160,"html":161,"doi":11},15997521,1997,"Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 59",{"id":163,"year":164,"html":165,"doi":11},16963255,2005,"(2005) Bischofite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbischofite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":167,"year":168,"html":169,"doi":170},187828,2007,"Sugimoto, Kunihisa; Dinnebier, Robert E.; Hanson, Jonathan C. (2007) Structures of three dehydration products of bischofite from \u003Ci>in situ\u003C\u002Fi> synchrotron powder diffraction data (MgCl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·\u003Ci>n\u003C\u002Fi>H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O; \u003Ci>n\u003C\u002Fi> = 1, 2, 4). \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science\u003C\u002Fi>,  63 (2). 235-242 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0108768107002558'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0108768107002558\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0108768107002558",[172,182],{"id":173,"source_url":174,"license_code":175,"credit_html":176,"title":177,"description":178,"author":179,"original_width":180,"original_height":181},3324,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5730586","CC BY-SA 3.0","Mampato, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5730586\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bischofite - Antofagasta.JPG","Bischofite from Antofagasta, Chile","Mampato",2272,1280,{"id":183,"source_url":184,"license_code":185,"credit_html":186,"title":187,"description":188,"author":189,"original_width":190,"original_height":191},3330,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=139784329","CC BY 3.0","Erik Vercammen, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=139784329\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bischofite-723897.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBischofite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bischofite\">Bischofite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Dimensions: 10 mm x 4 mm x 5 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Veendam, Groningen, Netherlands\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: A small fragment of bischofite, bought on the Liège show 2015. The label mentions 'Heerenveen' as locality, but this is most probably an error: Veendam is the only locality Mindat mentions for bischofite in The Netherlands, and the names have some resemblance. Collection and photo Erik Vercammen.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Erik Vercammen",1977,1319,[193,199],{"id":194,"url":195,"label":196,"formula":197,"spacegroup":198,"year":155},1581,"\u002Fcif\u002F1581.cif","Agron 1985","Mg Cl2 O6 H12","C 1 2\u002Fm 1",{"id":200,"url":201,"label":202,"formula":203,"spacegroup":198,"year":204},1582,"\u002Fcif\u002F1582.cif","Andress 1934","Mg Cl2 O6",1934,[206,207,208],"Bischofiet","Bischofite (of Ochsenius)","Bischofitt",[210,214,218,222,226,230,234,237,240,244,248,252,255,258,261,265,268,271,274,278,282,285,288,292,296,300],{"lang":211,"names":212},"ar",[213],"بيشوفيت",{"lang":215,"names":216},"az",[217],"Bişofit",{"lang":219,"names":220},"be",[221],"Бішафіт",{"lang":223,"names":224},"ca",[225],"bischofita",{"lang":227,"names":228},"de",[229],"Bischofit",{"lang":231,"names":232},"es",[233],"Bischofita",{"lang":235,"names":236},"eu",[233],{"lang":238,"names":239},"it",[7],{"lang":241,"names":242},"ja",[243],"ビショフ石",{"lang":245,"names":246},"kk",[247],"Бишофит",{"lang":249,"names":250},"kk-arab",[251],"بىيشوفىيت",{"lang":253,"names":254},"kk-cn",[251],{"lang":256,"names":257},"kk-cyrl",[247],{"lang":259,"names":260},"kk-kz",[247],{"lang":262,"names":263},"kk-latn",[264],"Bïşofït",{"lang":266,"names":267},"kk-tr",[264],{"lang":269,"names":270},"mk",[247],{"lang":272,"names":273},"mn",[247],{"lang":275,"names":276},"nl",[277],"bischofite",{"lang":279,"names":280},"pl",[281],"biszofit",{"lang":283,"names":284},"ru",[247],{"lang":286,"names":287},"sv",[229],{"lang":289,"names":290},"uk",[291],"Бішофіт",{"lang":293,"names":294},"uz",[295],"Bishofit",{"lang":297,"names":298},"zh",[299],"水氯镁石",{"lang":301,"names":302},"zh-hans",[299],"Q425507",{"history":11,"applications":11}]