[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:9424":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":8,"polytypeof":8,"groupid":8,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":8,"mindat_formula_note":8,"ima_formula":8,"elements":8,"sigelements":8,"key_elements":8,"impurities":8,"cim":8,"ima_status":8,"ima_notes":8,"ima_history":8,"approval_year":8,"publication_year":8,"discovery_year":8,"strunz10ed1":14,"strunz10ed2":14,"strunz10ed3":14,"strunz10ed4":8,"dana8ed1":8,"dana8ed2":8,"dana8ed3":8,"dana8ed4":8,"csystem":8,"cclass":8,"spacegroup":8,"spacegroupset":14,"a":8,"b":8,"c":8,"alpha":8,"beta":8,"gamma":8,"aerror":8,"berror":8,"cerror":8,"alphaerror":8,"betaerror":8,"gammaerror":8,"va3":8,"z":8,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":8,"twinning":8,"tranglide":8,"parting":8,"epitaxidescription":8,"morphology":8,"tlform":8,"hmin":8,"hmax":8,"hardtype":8,"vhnmin":8,"vhnmax":8,"vhnerror":8,"vhng":8,"vhns":8,"commenthard":8,"dmeas":8,"dmeas2":8,"dcalc":8,"dmeaserror":8,"dcalcerror":8,"commentdense":8,"lustre":8,"lustretype":8,"commentluster":8,"diapheny":8,"streak":8,"colour":8,"commentcolor":8,"colors":8,"streak_colors":8,"luminescence":8,"uv":8,"cleavage":8,"cleavagetype":8,"fracturetype":8,"tenacity":8,"commentbreak":8,"opticaltype":8,"opticalsign":8,"opticalalpha":8,"opticalalpha2":8,"opticalalphaerror":8,"opticalbeta":8,"opticalbeta2":8,"opticalbetaerror":8,"opticalgamma":8,"opticalgamma2":8,"opticalgammaerror":8,"opticalomega":8,"opticalomega2":8,"opticalomegaerror":8,"opticalepsilon":8,"opticalepsilon2":8,"opticalepsilonerror":8,"opticaln":8,"opticaln2":8,"opticalnerror":8,"optical2vcalc":8,"optical2vcalc2":8,"optical2vcalcerror":8,"optical2vmeasured":8,"optical2vmeasured2":8,"optical2vmeasurederror":8,"rimin":8,"rimax":8,"opticaldispersion":8,"opticalpleochroism":8,"opticalpleochorismdesc":8,"opticalbirefringence":8,"opticalcomments":8,"opticalcolour":8,"opticalinternal":8,"opticaltropic":8,"opticalanisotropism":8,"opticalbireflectance":8,"opticalextinction":8,"opticalr":8,"specdispm":8,"ir":8,"electrical":8,"magnetism":8,"thermalbehaviour":8,"other":8,"industrial":8,"occurrence":8,"otheroccurrence":8,"type_specimen_store":8,"description_short":8,"aboutname":15,"rock_parent":8,"rock_parent2":8,"rock_root":16,"rock_bgs_code":8,"meteoritical_code":8,"updttime":17,"reviewed_at":8,"variety_of":18,"varieties":20,"group_members":21,"associates":22,"confused_with":40,"type_localities":41,"occurrence_total":42,"citations":43,"images":48,"structures":112,"synonyms":113,"language_names":134,"wikidata_qid":8,"texts":135},9424,"1:1:9424:1","667947a2-7f59-4a5f-8022-c7a1193aff23","Bitumen",null,2,"variety",9532,3846,false,"0","The expression \"bitumen\" originated in the Sanskrit words jatu, meaning \"pitch\", and jatu-krit, meaning \"pitch creating\" or \"pitch producing\" (referring to coniferous or resinous trees). The Latin equivalent is claimed by some to be originally gwitu-men (pertaining to pitch), and by others, pixtumens (exuding or bubbling pitch), which was subsequently shortened to bitumen, thence passing via French into English. From the same root is derived the Anglo-Saxon word cwidu (mastix), the German word Kitt (cement or mastic) and the old Norse word kvada. (Wikipedia)",0,"2025-08-11 12:14:31",{"id":11,"name":19,"entrytype":16,"csystem":8,"ima_formula":8,"mindat_formula":8,"hmin":8,"hmax":8,"dmeas":14,"dcalc":8,"strunz10ed1":14,"primary_image_id":8},"Petroleum",[],[],[23,33],{"id":24,"name":25,"entrytype":16,"csystem":26,"ima_formula":27,"mindat_formula":27,"hmin":28,"hmax":29,"dmeas":30,"dcalc":31,"primary_image_id":32},2571,"Marcasite","Orthorhombic","FeS\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",6,6.5,"4.887","4.875",15420,{"id":34,"name":35,"entrytype":16,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":37,"mindat_formula":38,"hmin":9,"hmax":9,"dmeas":8,"dcalc":39,"primary_image_id":8},53223,"Uroxite","Monoclinic","[(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(C\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>] · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O"," [(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(C\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>]·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","4.187",[],[],499,[44],{"id":45,"year":46,"html":47,"doi":8},16141542,2003,"en.wikipedia.org (2003) \u003Ca target='_blank' rel='nofollow' href='https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAsphalt'>https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAsphalt\u003C\u002Fa>",[49,59,67,77,86,93,103],{"id":50,"source_url":51,"license_code":52,"credit_html":53,"title":54,"description":55,"author":56,"original_width":57,"original_height":58},36039,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1046118","CC BY-SA 3.0","Piotr Gut (Kluka), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1046118\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Asfalt rodzimy Słowacja.jpg","Hand sample including natural asphalt, from Slovakia. The original uploader unfortunately did not give any specific information on the origin of the sample. Presumably it comes from the most popular natural asphalt quarry of Slovakia at Nezbudská Lúčka. If so, the lighter rock present in the sample is a dolomitic limestone.","Piotr Gut (Kluka)",640,480,{"id":60,"source_url":61,"license_code":62,"credit_html":63,"title":64,"description":8,"author":8,"original_width":65,"original_height":66},87749,"https:\u002F\u002Fcollections.smvk.se\u002Fcarlotta-em\u002Fweb\u002Fobject\u002F3431855","CC0 1.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Fpublicdomain\u002Fzero\u002F1.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcollections.smvk.se\u002Fcarlotta-em\u002Fweb\u002Fobject\u002F3431855\" rel=\"noopener\">Museum of Ethnography\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana","material, bitumen",1000,750,{"id":68,"source_url":69,"license_code":70,"credit_html":71,"title":72,"description":73,"author":74,"original_width":75,"original_height":76},36040,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1960710","Public domain","Daniel Tzvi, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1960710\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bitumen.jpg","Natural formed \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBitumen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Bitumen\">Bitumen\u003C\u002Fa> collected at the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDead_Sea\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Dead Sea\">Dead Sea\u003C\u002Fa> shore","Daniel Tzvi",2570,1326,{"id":78,"source_url":79,"license_code":70,"credit_html":80,"title":81,"description":82,"author":83,"original_width":84,"original_height":85},36041,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5040097","Burger, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5040097\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Refined bitumen.JPG","Cold refined bitumen","Burger",2048,1536,{"id":87,"source_url":88,"license_code":89,"credit_html":90,"title":91,"description":8,"author":8,"original_width":65,"original_height":92},87751,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F93230","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F93230\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana","sediments",883,{"id":94,"source_url":95,"license_code":96,"credit_html":97,"title":98,"description":99,"author":100,"original_width":101,"original_height":102},50159,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118199338","CC BY-SA 2.0","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118199338\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Collinsite with Bitumen and Perlite (48522679567).jpg","\u003Cp>Francis Lake\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nBritish Columbia, Canada","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada",6000,4000,{"id":104,"source_url":105,"license_code":89,"credit_html":106,"title":107,"description":108,"author":109,"original_width":110,"original_height":111},79366,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95706884","Benoit Potin, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95706884\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Paleoproterozoic stromatolite laminae shungite Franceville Gabon.jpg","This natural vertical section of a flat stromatolite shows a succession of light and dark laminae.\n\u003Cp>Dark bands are the areas where the microorganisms have proliferated. \nThey are now made of shungite (highly evoluted bitumen).\nLight bands are the areas where the sediment has been trapped.\nAt the top, on the left, the very refractive crystal is a probable zircon. \n\u003C\u002Fp>\nModified by CombineZP from five shots.","Benoit Potin",3263,2445,[],[114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133],"Asfaltit","Asfalto","Asphalt","Asphaltit","Asphaltita","Asphaltum","Bergbeck","Bergpech","Bergteer","Betume","Corutzilit","Corutzilita","Corutzilite","Courtzilit","Courtzilita","Courtzilite","Hircite","Naturasphalt","Parianite","Tabbyite",[],{"history":8,"applications":8}]