[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:691":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":15,"ima_formula":14,"elements":16,"sigelements":19,"key_elements":11,"impurities":20,"cim":21,"ima_status":22,"ima_notes":25,"ima_history":27,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":28,"discovery_year":29,"strunz10ed1":30,"strunz10ed2":31,"strunz10ed3":32,"strunz10ed4":33,"dana8ed1":30,"dana8ed2":34,"dana8ed3":35,"dana8ed4":36,"csystem":37,"cclass":38,"spacegroup":39,"spacegroupset":40,"a":41,"b":40,"c":40,"alpha":40,"beta":40,"gamma":40,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":42,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":43,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":44,"tlform":11,"hmin":45,"hmax":46,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":47,"vhnmax":48,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":49,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":50,"dmeas2":50,"dcalc":51,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":52,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":53,"streak":54,"colour":54,"commentcolor":11,"colors":55,"streak_colors":57,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":58,"cleavagetype":59,"fracturetype":60,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":61,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":40,"opticalalpha2":40,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":40,"opticalbeta2":40,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":40,"opticalgamma2":40,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":40,"opticalomega2":40,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":40,"opticalepsilon2":40,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":40,"opticaln2":40,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":40,"optical2vcalc2":40,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":40,"optical2vmeasured2":40,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":11,"rimax":11,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":61,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":62,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":63,"otheroccurrence":64,"type_specimen_store":65,"description_short":66,"aboutname":67,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":68,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":69,"group_members":70,"associates":71,"confused_with":90,"type_localities":91,"occurrence_total":98,"citations":99,"images":212,"structures":375,"synonyms":404,"language_names":416,"wikidata_qid":428,"texts":429},691,"1:1:691:2","cd381f96-dde8-4c47-ae4b-be0fbed7d836","Bixbyite-(Mn)","Bxb",0,"mineral",null,6315,false,"Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","May contain up to about 50 mol% Fe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>, where it transitions into bixbyite-(Fe). In the type material, the Mn:Fe ratio is nearly 1.1.",[17,18],"Mn","O",[17,18],"Al,Mg,Si,Ti","7.19.1",[23,24],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED",[26],"REDEFINED","Redefined IMA 21-H - Miyawaki et al. (2022).",1897,"1897","4","C","B","10","3","7","2","Isometric",29,202,"0","9.411",16,"On {111}, as penetration twins.","Cubes, rarely modified by {112} or {111}, commonly striated and occasionally deeply pitted, to 6 cm; also massive.",6,6.5,"946","1402",100,"4.945","5.031","Metallic","Opaque","Black",[56],"black",[56],"on {111}, in traces","Imperfect\u002FFair","Irregular\u002FUneven","Isotropic","(24.7) 400 nm,\r\n(24.1) 420 nm,\r\n(23.5) 440 nm,\r\n(23.0) 460 nm,\r\n(22.8) 480 nm,\r\n(22.9) 500 nm,\r\n(23.3) 520 nm,\r\n(23.6) 540 nm,\r\n(23.5) 560 nm,\r\n(23.2) 580 nm,\r\n(22.9) 600 nm,\r\n(22.7) 620 nm,\r\n(22.4) 640 nm,\r\n(22.2) 660 nm,\r\n(22.2) 680 nm,\r\n(22.1) 700 nm","In lithophysal cavities in rhyolite.","In rhyolites; in metamorphosed manganese ores.","Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, number 1.6369.","The Mn analogue of bixbyite-(Fe); newly defined in December 2021 (IMA 21-H). Belongs to the Bixbyite Series.\r\nAn orthorhombic analogue (space group Pcab) of Mn#3+#^2O^3 is known.\r\n\r\nThe Thomas Range bixbyites may bear exomorphically exsolved jacobsite ...","For Maynard Bixby (1853-1935), prospector, miner, mine broker, author, explorer of the Thomas Range, and mineral dealer of Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, who collected and provided the first specimens. He published several editions of the authoritative \"Catalogue of Utah Minerals and Localities\" and authored articles on several mineral localities in the western states.  The suffix was added in 2021 to distinguish it from bixbyite-(Fe).","2025-11-14 10:17:25",[],[],[72,81],{"id":73,"name":74,"entrytype":9,"csystem":75,"ima_formula":76,"mindat_formula":77,"hmin":45,"hmax":46,"dmeas":78,"dcalc":79,"primary_image_id":80},757,"Braunite","Tetragonal","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.72","4.86",3832,{"id":82,"name":83,"entrytype":9,"csystem":84,"ima_formula":85,"mindat_formula":86,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":87,"dcalc":88,"primary_image_id":89},3302,"Pseudobrookite","Orthorhombic","(Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ti)O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ti\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.33","4.39",20077,[],[92],{"id":93,"txt":94,"latitude":95,"longitude":96,"country":97},4136,"Maynard's Mine, Pismire Knolls, Thomas Range, Juab County, Utah, USA",39.7741428,-113.088965,"USA",119,[100,103,107,111,114,118,123,127,130,134,139,143,146,150,153,157,160,164,169,173,177,181,185,189,193,197,202,207],{"id":101,"year":28,"html":102,"doi":11},16103368,"Penfield, S.L. and Foote, H.W. (1897) On bixbyite, a new mineral, and notes on the associated topaz. American Journal of Science: 4: 105-108.",{"id":104,"year":28,"html":105,"doi":106},102345,"Penfleld, S.L.; Poote, H.W. (1897) Ueber Bixbyit, ein neues Mineral, mit einer Notiz über den begleitenden Topas. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  28 (1-6). 592-595 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1897.28.1.592'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1897.28.1.592\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1897.28.1.592",{"id":108,"year":109,"html":110,"doi":11},16103369,1909,"Fermor, L.L. (1909) Geological Survey of India, Rec.: 37: 199.",{"id":112,"year":109,"html":113,"doi":11},17215391,"Fermor, Lewis Leigh (1909) The manganese ore deposits of India. \u003Ci>Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 37. Geological Survey of India \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fupload.wikimedia.org\u002Fwikipedia\u002Fcommons\u002F9\u002F99\u002FMemoirs_of_the_Geological_Survey_of_India._%28IA_memoirsofgeologi3713geol%29.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":115,"year":116,"html":117,"doi":11},16103371,1930,"Pauling, L., Shappell, M.D. (1930) The Crystal Structure of Bixbyite and the C-Modification of the Sesquioxides. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 75(1): 128-142.",{"id":119,"year":120,"html":121,"doi":122},16112106,1931,"Orcel, Jean, Pavlovitch, Stoyan (1931) Les caractères microscopiques des oxydes de manganèse et des manganites naturels (Détermination de leurs pouvoirs réflecteurs) \u003Ci>Bulletin de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fi>,  54 (5) 108-179 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1931.4130'>doi:10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1931.4130\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.persee.fr\u002FdocAsPDF\u002Fbulmi_0366-3248_1931_num_54_5_4130.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1931.4130",{"id":124,"year":125,"html":126,"doi":11},520176,1934,"Montgomery, Arthur (1934) A recent find of bixbyite and associated minerals in Thomas Range, Utah. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  19 (2) 82-87 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM19\u002FAM19_82.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":128,"year":125,"html":129,"doi":11},16103373,"Cortelezzi, J., Himmel, H., Schroeder, R. (1934) Bixbyit von Patagonien. Centralblatt für Mineralogie, 129-135.",{"id":131,"year":132,"html":133,"doi":11},520764,1938,"Pabst, Adolf (1938) Orientation of bixbyite on topaz. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  23 (5) 342-346 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM23\u002FAM23_342.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":135,"year":136,"html":137,"doi":138},438228,1942,"Mason, Brian (1942) Bixbyite from Långban. \u003Ci>Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar\u003C\u002Fi>,  64 (2) 117-125 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F11035894209445090'>doi:10.1080\u002F11035894209445090\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1080\u002F11035894209445090",{"id":140,"year":141,"html":142,"doi":11},16103376,1943,"de Villiers, J.E. (1943) A preliminary description of the new mineral partridgeite. American Mineralogist: 28: 336-338. (as partridgeite)",{"id":144,"year":141,"html":145,"doi":11},16103377,"de Villiers, J.E., Fleischer, M. (1943) A discussion: Bixbyite-sitaparite-partridgeite. American Mineralogist: 28: 468-469.",{"id":147,"year":148,"html":149,"doi":11},1118651,1944,"Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.",{"id":151,"year":148,"html":152,"doi":11},16103378,"Mason, B. (1944) The system Fe2O3-Mn2O3: some comments on the names bixbyite, sitaparite, partridgeite. American Mineralogist: 29: 66-69.",{"id":154,"year":155,"html":156,"doi":11},16103380,1956,"Dachs, H. (1956) Die Kristallstruktur des Bixbyits (Fe,Mn)2O3. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 107, 370-395.",{"id":158,"year":155,"html":159,"doi":11},16103382,"Dachs, H. (1956) Die Kristallstruktur des Bixbyits (Fe,Mn)2O3. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 107(5-6), 370-395.",{"id":161,"year":162,"html":163,"doi":11},16103381,1960,"Swanson, H.E., Cook, M.I., Isaccs, T., Evans, E.H. (1960) Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns. United States Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Circular 539, 9, 37-39. (as partridgeite)",{"id":165,"year":166,"html":167,"doi":168},16596174,1969,"Ramdohr, Paul (1969) \u003Ci>The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths\u003C\u002Fi>. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x'>doi:10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x",{"id":170,"year":171,"html":172,"doi":11},16103383,1971,"Geller, S. (1971) Structures of alpha-Mn2O3, (Mn0.983Fe0.017)2O3 and (Mn0.37Fe0.63)2O3 and relation to magnetic ordering. Acta Crystallographica: 27: 821-828.",{"id":174,"year":171,"html":175,"doi":176},216385,"Geller, S. (1971) Structure of α-Mn\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>, (Mn\u003Csub>0.983\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csub>0.017\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub> and (Mn\u003Csub>0.37\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csub>0.63\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub> and relation to magnetic ordering. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  27 (4). 821-828 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0567740871002966'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0567740871002966\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0567740871002966",{"id":178,"year":179,"html":180,"doi":11},526773,1976,"Moore, Paul B., Araki, Takaharu (1976) Braunite: its structure and relationship to bixbyite, and some insights on the genealogy of fluorite derivative structures. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  61 (11-12) 1226-1240 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM61\u002FAM61_1226.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":182,"year":183,"html":184,"doi":11},16103385,1987,"Mitchell, R.S. (1987) Who's who in mineral names: John George Cowles and Maynard Bixby. Rocks & Minerals: 62: 120-123.",{"id":186,"year":187,"html":188,"doi":11},528781,1989,"de Villiers, Johan P., Buseck, Peter R. (1989) Stacking variations and nonstoichiometry in the bixbyite-braunite polysomatic mineral group. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  74 (11-12) 1325-1336 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM74\u002FAM74_1325.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":190,"year":191,"html":192,"doi":11},16641619,1997,"Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. - \u003Ci>Ed.\u003C\u002Fi> (1997) \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 3 - Halides, Hydroxides, Oxides. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona. p.1-682.",{"id":194,"year":195,"html":196,"doi":11},16963268,2005,"(2005) Bixbyite-(Mn). \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbixbyite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":198,"year":199,"html":200,"doi":201},589111,2008,"Bevan, D. J. M., Martin, R. L. (2008) The role of the coordination defect: A new structural description of four fluorite-related sesquioxide minerals, bixbyite (Mn2O3), braunite (Mn7SiO12), braunite II (CaMn14SiO24), parwelite (Mn10Sb2As2Si2O24), and their structural relationships. \u003Ci>Journal of Solid State Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  181. 2250-2259 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2008.04.046'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2008.04.046\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2008.04.046",{"id":203,"year":204,"html":205,"doi":206},12999850,2021,"Peter, Johannes, Trapp, Maximilian, Lauterbach, Stefan, Gollé-Leidreiter, Philipp, Kolb, Ute, Kleebe, Hans-Joachim (2021) Exomorphism of jacobsite precipitates in bixbyite single crystals from the Thomas Range in Utah. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>, 106 (7) 1163-1171 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2021-7715ccbyncnd'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2021-7715ccbyncnd\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2021-7715ccbyncnd",{"id":208,"year":209,"html":210,"doi":211},15385449,2022,"Støckler, Kristoffer Andreas Holm, Roth, Nikolaj, Grønbech, Thomas Bjørn Egede, Iversen, Bo Brummerstedt (2022) Epitaxial intergrowths and local oxide relaxations in natural bixbyite Fe\u003Csub>2−\u003Ci>x\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csub>\u003Ci>x\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>. \u003Ci>IUCrJ\u003C\u002Fi>,  9 (4). 523-532 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs2052252522006315'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs2052252522006315\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs2052252522006315",[213,223,232,241,249,259,268,276,284,292,299,307,314,321,327,336,342,348,354,361,367],{"id":214,"source_url":215,"license_code":216,"credit_html":217,"title":218,"description":219,"author":220,"original_width":221,"original_height":222},3411,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9553102","CC BY-SA 3.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9553102\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBixbyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bixbyite\">Bixbyite\u003C\u002Fa> - Deposit topotype- Maynard's Claim (Pismire Knolls), Thomas Range, Juab Co., Utah, USA (Crystal size 1cm)","Didier Descouens",3649,2811,{"id":224,"source_url":225,"license_code":226,"credit_html":227,"title":228,"description":229,"author":220,"original_width":230,"original_height":231},3412,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9575824","CC BY-SA 4.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9575824\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyites.jpg","Cubic crystals of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBixbyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bixbyite\">bixbyite\u003C\u002Fa> to 1.2mm with hematite replaced garnet crystals \n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality : Maynard's Claim (Pismire Knolls), Thomas Range, Juab Co., Utah, USA - Deposit topotype\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",3056,3083,{"id":233,"source_url":234,"license_code":216,"credit_html":235,"title":236,"description":237,"author":238,"original_width":239,"original_height":240},3413,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139496","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139496\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite-118925.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBixbyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bixbyite\">Bixbyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Thomas Range, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJuab_County,_Utah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Juab County, Utah\">Juab County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUtah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Utah\">Utah\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4154.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.1 x 1.1 x 0.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A beautiful, sharp and lustrous, 9 mm, jet-black bixbyite crystal with modified octohedral corners and nicely perched on rhyolite matrix from Utah. Complete all-around, with only a trivial bit of contacting at the base of the crystal on one side. Ex. Carl Davis Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",350,317,{"id":242,"source_url":243,"license_code":216,"credit_html":244,"title":245,"description":246,"author":238,"original_width":247,"original_height":248},3414,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147635","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147635\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite-160214.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBixbyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bixbyite\">Bixbyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3068.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.9 x 2.9 x 2.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This remarkable specimen turned up in a small South African collection and when I showed it to Charlie Key, expert on all things African, his jaw dropped and he said something like \"I never thought I'd see another...\" He apparently had one from this same pocket, in the early 1980s, and has not had another since. This specimen he ranked very highly, and said they would both be among the best he knew of from the Kalahari fields. By worldwide standards, these would also have to command top spot except for a very few specimens from Utah, and those are of different habit entirely. The lustre and sharpness on these are amazing, they look carved. The large crystal is 1.6 cm, ranking very highly for the species. The sharpness and lustre, though, make this so distinct from Utah material of similar size that I thought at first this must be magnetite and not bixbyite. Charlie also confirmed the locality information.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",800,615,{"id":250,"source_url":251,"license_code":252,"credit_html":253,"title":254,"description":255,"author":256,"original_width":257,"original_height":258},3415,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12072289","Public domain","Modris Baum, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12072289\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite - Wah Wah Mts, Beaver Co, Utah, USA.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBixbyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bixbyite\">Bixbyite\u003C\u002Fa> (picture width: 4.1 x 5.3 mm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wah Wah Mountains, Beaver County, Utah, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Modris Baum",578,768,{"id":260,"source_url":261,"license_code":226,"credit_html":262,"title":263,"description":264,"author":265,"original_width":266,"original_height":267},3416,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=119351634","Zbynek Burival, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=119351634\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite-thomas-range-utah-USA.jpg","Dark crystal of bixbyite-(Mn) on pale rhyolite matrix from locality Thomas Range, Juab County, Utah, USA. Ex. J.H.Bernard collection, FOV 12 x 9 mm, crystal size ~4 mm.","Zbynek Burival",3280,2460,{"id":269,"source_url":270,"license_code":216,"credit_html":271,"title":272,"description":273,"author":238,"original_width":274,"original_height":275},36067,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10120494","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10120494\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite-21674.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBixbyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bixbyite\">Bixbyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Solarwind Claim, Thomas Range (North), Thomas Range, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJuab_County,_Utah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Juab County, Utah\">Juab County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUtah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Utah\">Utah\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-8830.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A SUPER-SHARP, LUSTROUS, bright bixbyite measuring fully 1.4 cm on edge, perched nicely in matrix! This is a super mineral specimen for the species from finds in the mid-90s which many count as the best ever found here. Hard to obtain nowadays except out of collectors who got them then. 5 x 3 x 3 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",396,600,{"id":277,"source_url":278,"license_code":216,"credit_html":279,"title":280,"description":281,"author":238,"original_width":282,"original_height":283},36068,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141910","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141910\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite-133782.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBixbyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bixbyite\">Bixbyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Thomas Range, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJuab_County,_Utah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Juab County, Utah\">Juab County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUtah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Utah\">Utah\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4154.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.4 x 1.9 x 1.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A splendent, sharp, 7 mm, black bixbyite cube with modified corners aesthetically set on porphyry matrix from the famous Type Locality - the Thomas Range in Utah. Ex. Dick Jones Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",429,337,{"id":285,"source_url":286,"license_code":216,"credit_html":287,"title":288,"description":289,"author":238,"original_width":290,"original_height":291},36070,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10155748","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10155748\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite-193827.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBixbyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bixbyite\">Bixbyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Thomas Range, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJuab_County,_Utah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Juab County, Utah\">Juab County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUtah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Utah\">Utah\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4154.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.5 x 6.2 x 4.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A 7 mm, mirror-bright, jet-black bixbyite cube attached to 3-dimensional rhyolite matrix on this specimen from the Thomas Range of Utah. A couple of smaller bixbyites are a nice compliment. The large bixbyite has scalloped edges and no damage. Bixbyite is a rare manganese, iron oxide.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",599,442,{"id":293,"source_url":294,"license_code":216,"credit_html":295,"title":296,"description":289,"author":238,"original_width":297,"original_height":298},36071,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10155749","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10155749\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite-193828.jpg",400,367,{"id":300,"source_url":301,"license_code":216,"credit_html":302,"title":303,"description":304,"author":238,"original_width":305,"original_height":306},36074,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10171250","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10171250\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite-273108.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBixbyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bixbyite\">Bixbyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.7 x 2.2 x .8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A true rarity. Most people do not know that these come from anywhere but Utah, but here is a Kalahari Bixbyite. A choice plate of highly lustrous, well-formed cubes of black Bixbyite from a very famous locality. The Bixbyites cover both sides of the plate, and the individual crystals range up to .2 cm in size. An excellent specimen for the locality. Ex. Charlie Key.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",500,491,{"id":308,"source_url":309,"license_code":216,"credit_html":310,"title":311,"description":312,"author":238,"original_width":297,"original_height":313},36077,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453801","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453801\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite-mun08-05b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBixbyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bixbyite\">Bixbyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.5 x 4.6 x 2.3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Braunite with Bixbyite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very rich specimen with these sharp new braunites (to 4 mm), of incredible lustre and brightness, surrounding sharp bixbyite crystals to 6mm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",359,{"id":315,"source_url":316,"license_code":216,"credit_html":317,"title":318,"description":319,"author":238,"original_width":297,"original_height":320},36078,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10465857","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10465857\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite-t08-74b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBixbyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bixbyite\">Bixbyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3068.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 3.9 x 2.9 x 2.4 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Bixbyite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This remarkable specimen turned up in a small South African collection and when I showed it to Charlie Key, expert on all things African, his jaw dropped and he said something like \"I never thought I'd see another...\" He apparently had one from this same pocket, in the early 1980s, and has not had another since. This specimen he ranked very highly, and said they would both be among the best he knew of from the Kalahari fields. By worldwide standards, these would also have to command top spot except for a very few specimens from Utah, and those are of differernt habit entirely. The lustre and sharpness on these are amazing, they look carved. The large crystal is 1.6 cm, ranking very highly for the species. The sharpness and lustre, though, make this so distinct from Utah material of similar size that I thought at first this must be magnetite and not bixbyite. Charlie also confirmed the locality information for me.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",381,{"id":322,"source_url":323,"license_code":216,"credit_html":324,"title":325,"description":319,"author":238,"original_width":297,"original_height":326},36079,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10465858","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10465858\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite-t08-74c.jpg",279,{"id":328,"source_url":329,"license_code":252,"credit_html":330,"title":331,"description":332,"author":333,"original_width":334,"original_height":335},3409,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8911736","Andrew Silver, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8911736\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite - USGS Mineral Specimens 146.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBixbyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bixbyite\">Bixbyite\u003C\u002Fa> (pen for scale) - Mineral collection of Brigham Young University Department of Geology, Provo, Utah - No BYU index","Andrew Silver",1249,1400,{"id":337,"source_url":338,"license_code":252,"credit_html":339,"title":340,"description":332,"author":333,"original_width":341,"original_height":335},3410,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8911795","Andrew Silver, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8911795\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite - USGS Mineral Specimens 150.jpg",1037,{"id":343,"source_url":344,"license_code":252,"credit_html":345,"title":346,"description":332,"author":333,"original_width":335,"original_height":347},36064,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8911751","Andrew Silver, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8911751\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite - USGS Mineral Specimens 147.jpg",1315,{"id":349,"source_url":350,"license_code":252,"credit_html":351,"title":352,"description":332,"author":333,"original_width":335,"original_height":353},36065,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8911775","Andrew Silver, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8911775\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bixbyite - USGS Mineral Specimens 148.jpg",874,{"id":355,"source_url":356,"license_code":216,"credit_html":357,"title":358,"description":359,"author":238,"original_width":247,"original_height":360},36072,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157034","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157034\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-Bixbyite-195645.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBixbyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bixbyite\">Bixbyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.5 x 4.6 x 2.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very rich specimen with these sharp new braunites (to 4 mm), of incredible lustre and brightness, surrounding sharp bixbyite crystals to 6mm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",688,{"id":362,"source_url":363,"license_code":216,"credit_html":364,"title":365,"description":359,"author":238,"original_width":297,"original_height":366},36073,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157035","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157035\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-Bixbyite-195647.jpg",311,{"id":368,"source_url":369,"license_code":226,"credit_html":370,"title":371,"description":372,"author":373,"original_width":179,"original_height":374},36080,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=46668956","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=46668956\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Topaze, rhyolite, bixbyite 7100.5252.jpg","topaz, rhyolite, bixbyite : Topaz Mountain, Thomas Range, Juab Co., Utah, USA","Géry PARENT",1372,[376,383,389,395,400],{"id":377,"url":378,"label":379,"formula":380,"spacegroup":381,"year":382},1626,"\u002Fcif\u002F1626.cif","Ghosh 2017","(Mn Fe) O3","I a 3",2017,{"id":384,"url":385,"label":386,"formula":387,"spacegroup":381,"year":388},1627,"\u002Fcif\u002F1627.cif","Norberg 2016","(Mn1.605 Fe.396) O3",2016,{"id":390,"url":391,"label":392,"formula":393,"spacegroup":381,"year":394},1628,"\u002Fcif\u002F1628.cif","Klein 2013","Mn2 O3",2013,{"id":396,"url":397,"label":398,"formula":399,"spacegroup":381,"year":394},1631,"\u002Fcif\u002F1631.cif","Rayaprol 2013","(Fe Mn) O3",{"id":401,"url":402,"label":403,"formula":393,"spacegroup":381,"year":394},1632,"\u002Fcif\u002F1632.cif","Cockayne 2013",[405,406,407,408,409,410,411,412,413,414,415],"Bixbyiet-(Mn)","Bixbyit","Bixbyita","Bixbyite","Manganbixbyit","Manganbixbyita","Manganbixbyite","Partridgeite","Sitaparit","Sitaparita","Sitaparite",[417,422],{"lang":418,"names":419},"ca",[420,421],"Bixbyita-","Bixbyita-(Mn)",{"lang":423,"names":424},"de",[406,425,426,427,413],"Bixbyit-","Bixbyit-(Mn)","Partridgeit","Q115864577",{"history":11,"applications":11}]