[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:722":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":22,"impurities":11,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":34,"dana8ed4":34,"csystem":35,"cclass":36,"spacegroup":37,"spacegroupset":38,"a":39,"b":40,"c":41,"alpha":38,"beta":42,"gamma":38,"aerror":43,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":44,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":45,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":46,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":47,"tlform":11,"hmin":43,"hmax":48,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":38,"vhnmax":38,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":49,"dmeas2":49,"dcalc":50,"dmeaserror":43,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":51,"lustre":11,"lustretype":52,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":53,"streak":54,"colour":55,"commentcolor":11,"colors":56,"streak_colors":63,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":64,"cleavagetype":65,"fracturetype":66,"tenacity":67,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":68,"opticalsign":69,"opticalalpha":70,"opticalalpha2":38,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":71,"opticalbeta2":38,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":72,"opticalgamma2":38,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":38,"opticalomega2":38,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":38,"opticalepsilon2":38,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":38,"opticaln2":38,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":73,"optical2vcalc2":74,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":75,"optical2vmeasured2":74,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":76,"rimax":77,"opticaldispersion":78,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":79,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":80,"electrical":11,"magnetism":81,"thermalbehaviour":82,"other":83,"industrial":84,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":85,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":86,"aboutname":87,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":88,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":89,"group_members":90,"associates":91,"confused_with":197,"type_localities":198,"occurrence_total":203,"citations":204,"images":346,"structures":530,"synonyms":545,"language_names":566,"wikidata_qid":709,"texts":710},722,"1:1:722:1","55e593a7-ab4d-4202-8b58-9ce2d58a8a00","Borax","Brx",0,"mineral",null,521,false,"Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(B\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>B\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[17,18,19,20],"Na","B","O","H",[17,18,19,20],[18],"9.1.9",[25,26],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1546","6","D","A","10","26","4","1","Monoclinic",5,10,"0","12.2012","10.644","11.879","106.617",2,1,4,"On {100}, rare.","Crystals commonly short-prismatic [001] and often rather tabular {100}. Prominent zones [001] and [110]. Faces \"m,\" \"o,\" and \"z\" often striated parallel to [110]. Crystals often malformed through abnormal development of part of one or more zones.",2.5,"1.715","1.7","Measured density of the pure chemical compound","Vitreous,Resinous,Earthy","Translucent,Opaque","White","Colourless, grey, white, yellowish, seldom bluish or greenish; colourless in transmitted light.",[57,58,59,60,61,62],"colorless","white","gray","yellow","blue","green",[58],"On {100} perfect; on {110} less perfect; on {010} in traces.","Perfect","Conchoidal","brittle","Biaxial","-","1.4466","1.4687","1.4717","32","40","39",1.4466,1.4717,"r > v distinct","X = b; Z ∧ c = –55°35′.","Siberian material [cm\u003Csup>-1\u003C\u002Fsup>]: 3510s, 3410s, 3200sh, 1660sh, 1640, 1413s, 1385sh, 1330sh, 1180sh, 1127, 1070s, 1025sh, 996, 855sh, 830sh, 807, 760sh, 687sh, 652sh, 610","Diamagnetic","Melting point: 878 °C. The melt dissolves numerous metal oxides.\r\n\r\nLoses 5 mol of water when heated to 100°C, another 4 mol when heated to 150 °C, and the last mol at 400 °C.","Rapidly dehydrates in air to tincalconite. Soluble in water - slightly in cold water readily in boiling water. Insoluble in ethanol.","Boron ore","In evaporite deposits, salt lakes, playas, and efflorescences on soils in arid regions, in solution in hot springs.","May dehydrate to tincalconite.","From the Arabic bauraq, meaning \"white\", which also included niter and natron of the time.","2026-04-06 19:02:20",[],[],[92,101,109,116,123,131,139,149,157,164,172,181,189],{"id":93,"name":94,"entrytype":9,"csystem":95,"ima_formula":96,"mindat_formula":96,"hmin":97,"hmax":97,"dmeas":98,"dcalc":99,"primary_image_id":100},280,"Aphthitalite","Trigonal","K\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Na(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",3,"2.656","2.72",1658,{"id":102,"name":103,"entrytype":9,"csystem":95,"ima_formula":104,"mindat_formula":105,"hmin":97,"hmax":97,"dmeas":106,"dcalc":107,"primary_image_id":108},859,"Calcite","Ca(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","CaCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.7102","2.711",4401,{"id":110,"name":111,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":112,"mindat_formula":113,"hmin":48,"hmax":48,"dmeas":114,"dcalc":114,"primary_image_id":115},1662,"Gaylussite","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.991",9700,{"id":117,"name":118,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":119,"mindat_formula":119,"hmin":48,"hmax":97,"dmeas":120,"dcalc":121,"primary_image_id":122},1706,"Glauberite","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.75","2.78",56675,{"id":124,"name":125,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":126,"mindat_formula":127,"hmin":43,"hmax":43,"dmeas":128,"dcalc":129,"primary_image_id":130},1784,"Gypsum","Ca(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.312","2.308",10652,{"id":132,"name":133,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":135,"mindat_formula":135,"hmin":48,"hmax":48,"dmeas":136,"dcalc":137,"primary_image_id":138},1804,"Halite","Isometric","NaCl","2.168","2.165",29829,{"id":140,"name":141,"entrytype":9,"csystem":142,"ima_formula":143,"mindat_formula":144,"hmin":97,"hmax":145,"dmeas":146,"dcalc":147,"primary_image_id":148},1815,"Hanksite","Hexagonal","KNa\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl","Na\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>K(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl",3.5,"2.562","2.585",10830,{"id":150,"name":151,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":152,"mindat_formula":153,"hmin":48,"hmax":48,"dmeas":154,"dcalc":155,"primary_image_id":156},2831,"Nahcolite","NaH(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","NaHCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.21","2.16",16985,{"id":158,"name":159,"entrytype":9,"csystem":95,"ima_formula":160,"mindat_formula":161,"hmin":162,"hmax":43,"dmeas":38,"dcalc":38,"primary_image_id":163},2916,"Nitratine","Na(NO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","NaNO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",1.5,17754,{"id":165,"name":166,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":167,"mindat_formula":168,"hmin":145,"hmax":145,"dmeas":169,"dcalc":170,"primary_image_id":171},3426,"Rivadavite","Na\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg[B\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>]\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg[B\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>]\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.905","1.91",20977,{"id":173,"name":174,"entrytype":9,"csystem":175,"ima_formula":176,"mindat_formula":177,"hmin":48,"hmax":97,"dmeas":178,"dcalc":179,"primary_image_id":180},3935,"Thénardite","Orthorhombic","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.664","2.674",30823,{"id":182,"name":183,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":184,"mindat_formula":185,"hmin":48,"hmax":97,"dmeas":186,"dcalc":187,"primary_image_id":188},4031,"Trona","Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(HCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>H(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.11","2.124",83689,{"id":190,"name":191,"entrytype":9,"csystem":192,"ima_formula":193,"mindat_formula":194,"hmin":48,"hmax":48,"dmeas":195,"dcalc":195,"primary_image_id":196},4085,"Ulexite","Triclinic","NaCaB\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · 5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","NaCa[B\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>]·5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.955",24874,[],[199],{"id":200,"txt":201,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":202},1996,"Ladakh, India","India",64,[205,209,213,217,221,225,229,233,237,241,245,249,253,257,261,265,269,273,276,280,284,288,292,296,300,304,308,311,316,320,325,328,332,336,341],{"id":206,"year":207,"html":208,"doi":11},16103617,1556,"Agricola, G. (1556) Borax. in De Re Metallica: 453. Translated by Hoover, H.C. and Hoover, L.H. 1950, Dover (New York) 560-560.",{"id":210,"year":211,"html":212,"doi":11},16103618,1750,"Wallerius, J.G., Denso, J.D. (1750) Borax. in Mineralolgie oder Mineralreich, Berlegts Christoph Gottlieb Nicolai (Berlin) 246-250.",{"id":214,"year":215,"html":216,"doi":11},16103619,1753,"Wallerius, J.G. (1753) French edition of “Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket.” 2 volumes, Paris: 1: 346.",{"id":218,"year":219,"html":220,"doi":11},12960852,1801,"Haüy, René Just (1801) \u003Ci>Traité de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fi> (1st ed.) Vol. 2. Chez Louis.",{"id":222,"year":223,"html":224,"doi":11},16103621,1818,"Phillips, Wm. (1818) Elementary Introduction to Mineralogy, second edition: 141 (as Borate of soda).",{"id":226,"year":227,"html":228,"doi":11},12916012,1825,"Mohs, Frederick; Haidinger, William (1825) \u003Ci>Treatise on Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 2. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org\u002Fitempdf\u002F67907' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":230,"year":231,"html":232,"doi":11},16103623,1839,"Naumann in: Mohs, F. (1839) Leichfassliche Anfangsgründe der Naturgeschichte des Mineralreichs. part 2  by F.X.M. Zippe: 54.",{"id":234,"year":235,"html":236,"doi":11},12911330,1852,"Brooke, Henry J., Phillips, William (1852) \u003Ci>An Elementary Introduction to Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (6th ed.) \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fbub_gb_mxsIAAAAIAAJ\u002Fbub_gb_mxsIAAAAIAAJ.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":238,"year":239,"html":240,"doi":11},16103625,1855,"Rammelsberg, C.F. (1855) Handbuch der kristallographischen chemie: 171.",{"id":242,"year":243,"html":244,"doi":11},16103626,1859,"Hahn (1859) Archiv der Pharmacie: 99(2): 146.",{"id":246,"year":247,"html":248,"doi":11},16103627,1868,"Tschermak (1868) Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Sitzber.: 57: II: 641.",{"id":250,"year":251,"html":252,"doi":11},16103628,1878,"von Kohlrausch, F. (1878) Ueber die ermittelung von lichtbrechungsverhaltnissen durch totalreflexion. Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 4: 1-33.",{"id":254,"year":255,"html":256,"doi":11},16103629,1883,"Hanks, H.G. (1883) California State Mining Bureau, Third Annual Report, part II.",{"id":258,"year":259,"html":260,"doi":11},16103630,1887,"Dufet (1887) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 10: 218.",{"id":262,"year":263,"html":264,"doi":11},16103631,1905,"van't Hoff and Blasdale (1905) Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin (Sitzungsberichte der): 1086.",{"id":266,"year":267,"html":268,"doi":11},4468623,1913,"(1913) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 1 - Text - Band I - Adamin-Buntkupfererz. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":270,"year":271,"html":272,"doi":11},16103633,1921,"Becke (1921) Ak. Wien, Math.-nat. Kl., Anz., 2.",{"id":274,"year":271,"html":275,"doi":11},16103634,"Hintze, C. (1921) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [4A]: 155.",{"id":277,"year":278,"html":279,"doi":11},16103635,1924,"Mellor, J.W. (1924) A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. 16 volumes, London: 5: 71.",{"id":281,"year":282,"html":283,"doi":11},16103636,1929,"Teeple, J.E. (1929) The Industrial Development of Searles Lake Brines, N.Y.",{"id":285,"year":286,"html":287,"doi":11},16103637,1935,"Minder (1935) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 92: 301.",{"id":289,"year":290,"html":291,"doi":11},16103638,1948,"McIntosh, A.O., Matthews, F.W. (1948) The hydrates of sodium tetraborate. American Mineralogist: 33: 747-748.",{"id":293,"year":294,"html":295,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":297,"year":298,"html":299,"doi":11},16103639,1956,"Morimoto, N. (1956) The crystal structure of borax. Mineralogical Journal: 2: 1-18.",{"id":301,"year":302,"html":303,"doi":11},16103641,1966,"Smith, W.C. (1966) Borax and other compounds. California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 191: 104-111.",{"id":305,"year":306,"html":307,"doi":11},12906916,1975,"Pemberton, H. Earl (1975) The Crystal Habits and Forms of the Minerals of Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California. \u003Ci>The Mineralogical Record\u003C\u002Fi>, 6 (2) 74-83",{"id":309,"year":306,"html":310,"doi":11},12906917,"Puffer, John H. (1975) The Kramer Borate Mineral Assemblage, Boron, California. \u003Ci>The Mineralogical Record\u003C\u002Fi>, 6 (2) 84-91",{"id":312,"year":313,"html":314,"doi":315},206247,1978,"Levy, H. A., Lisensky, G. C. (1978) Crystal structures of sodium sulfate decahydrate (Glauber's salt) and sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) Redetermination by neutron diffraction. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  34 (12) 3502-3510 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0567740878011504'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0567740878011504\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0567740878011504",{"id":317,"year":318,"html":319,"doi":11},16103645,1979,"Neumüller, O.-A. (1979) Römpp's Chemie-Lexikon. 8th ed., Franckh (Stuttgart).",{"id":321,"year":322,"html":323,"doi":324},16384489,1995,"Jun, Li, Shuping, Xia, Shiyang, Gao (1995) FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic study of hydrated borates. \u003Ci>Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 51 (4) 519-532 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0584-8539(94)00183-c'>doi:10.1016\u002F0584-8539(94)00183-c\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0584-8539(94)00183-c",{"id":326,"year":200,"html":327,"doi":11},15418311,"Grew, Edward S.; Anovitz, Lawrence M. - \u003Ci>Eds.\u003C\u002Fi> (1996) Boron - Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. \u003Ci>Reviews in Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 33. Mineralogical Society of America p.862",{"id":329,"year":330,"html":331,"doi":11},16771791,2003,"Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (2003) \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 5 - Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.",{"id":333,"year":334,"html":335,"doi":11},16963309,2005,"(2005) Borax. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fborax.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":337,"year":338,"html":339,"doi":340},16103649,2008,"Gainsford, Graeme J.; Kemmitt, Tim; Higham, Caleb (2008) Redetermination of the borax structure from laboratory X-ray data at 145 K. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online\u003C\u002Fi>,  64 (5). i24-i25 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs1600536808010441'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs1600536808010441\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs1600536808010441",{"id":342,"year":343,"html":344,"doi":345},1119395,2014,"Chukanov, Nikita V. (2014) \u003Ci>Springer Geochemistry\u002FMineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> - Infrared spectra of mineral species. Springer Netherlands. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002F978-94-007-7128-4'>doi:10.1007\u002F978-94-007-7128-4\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002F978-94-007-7128-4",[347,357,365,374,383,392,402,411,420,427,436,443,450,460,466,474,483,490,497,505,512,521],{"id":348,"source_url":349,"license_code":350,"credit_html":351,"title":352,"description":353,"author":354,"original_width":355,"original_height":356},3632,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=478090","Public domain","Aram Dulyan (User:Aramgutang), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=478090\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Borax crystals.jpg","Borax crystals from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKramer\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Kramer\">Kramer\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUnited_States\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:United States\">USA\u003C\u002Fa>. Photograph taken at the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNatural_History_Museum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Natural History Museum\">Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLondon\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:London\">London\u003C\u002Fa>.","Aram Dulyan (User:Aramgutang)",1024,800,{"id":358,"source_url":359,"license_code":350,"credit_html":360,"title":361,"description":362,"author":363,"original_width":364,"original_height":364},3633,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955995","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955995\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Borax w - mud inclusions Hydrous sodium borate Boron Kern County California 2315.jpg","These mineral images are free to use how you wish.","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com",700,{"id":366,"source_url":367,"license_code":350,"credit_html":368,"title":369,"description":370,"author":371,"original_width":372,"original_height":373},36480,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1214984","Alcinoe, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1214984\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Borax HMNH1.jpg","Borax, large Crystal Group from Kern County, California (CA). Exposed in the Harvard Museum of Natural History","Alcinoe",1616,852,{"id":375,"source_url":376,"license_code":350,"credit_html":377,"title":378,"description":379,"author":380,"original_width":381,"original_height":382},3634,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=2820134","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=2820134\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Borax-Kristallstufe.jpg","Borax, crystal step","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike)",187,127,{"id":384,"source_url":385,"license_code":386,"credit_html":387,"title":388,"description":389,"author":390,"original_width":355,"original_height":391},3636,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11350108","CC BY 3.0","Rock Currier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11350108\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Borax - Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern Co, California, USA.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBorax\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Borax\">Borax\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: U.S. Borax open pit (Boron pit), U.S. Borax Mine (Pacific West Coast Borax; Pacific Coast Borax Co.; Boron Mine; U.S. Borax and Chemical Corp.; Kramer Mine; Baker Mine), Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kramer District, Kern Co., California, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Borax crystals. J. Minette collection. Scale at bottom of image is one inch with a rule at one cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Rock Currier",987,{"id":393,"source_url":394,"license_code":395,"credit_html":396,"title":397,"description":398,"author":399,"original_width":400,"original_height":401},3638,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=86462164","CC BY 4.0","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=86462164\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Borax Boron MNHN Minéralogie.jpg","Borax from Boron, California, United States. Gallery of Mineralogy and Geology of the French National Museum of Natural History in Paris.","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart",4500,3600,{"id":403,"source_url":404,"license_code":405,"credit_html":406,"title":407,"description":408,"author":380,"original_width":409,"original_height":410},36486,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6272367","CC BY-SA 3.0","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6272367\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Borax (teilweise durchscheinend) - Boron, Californien, USA.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBorax\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Borax\">Borax\u003C\u002Fa> (partially translucent) - Locality: Boron, California, USA - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany",2600,1830,{"id":412,"source_url":413,"license_code":405,"credit_html":414,"title":415,"description":416,"author":417,"original_width":418,"original_height":419},36487,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8482239","H. Zell, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8482239\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Borax 01.jpg","Borax, Sodium tetraborate, Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>[B\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>] • 8 H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O; Collection of the Institute of Mineralogy,  University Tübingen. Used in homeopathy as remedy: Borax (Bor.)","H. Zell",1727,1221,{"id":421,"source_url":422,"license_code":386,"credit_html":423,"title":424,"description":425,"author":390,"original_width":355,"original_height":426},36489,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11350185","Rock Currier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11350185\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Borax2 - Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern Co, California, USA.jpg","\u003Cb>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBorax\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Borax\">Borax\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fb> crystals\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:US_Borax_Open_Pit\" title=\"Category:US Borax Open Pit\">US Borax Open Pit\u003C\u002Fa> — \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:US_Borax_Mine\" title=\"Category:US Borax Mine\">U.S. Borax Mine\u003C\u002Fa> (Pacific West Coast Borax; Pacific Coast Borax Co.; Boron Mine; U.S. Borax and Chemical Corp.; Kramer Mine; Baker Mine), Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kramer District, eastern \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:Kern_County,_California\" title=\"Category:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>—\u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:Mojave_Desert\" title=\"Category:Mojave Desert\">Mojave Desert\u003C\u002Fa>, Southern \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" title=\"California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, U.S.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Borax crystals. J. Minette collection. Scale at bottom of image is one inch with a rule at one cm.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",706,{"id":428,"source_url":429,"license_code":350,"credit_html":430,"title":431,"description":432,"author":433,"original_width":434,"original_height":435},62528,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=29592946","NASA, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=29592946\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","ISS-37 former US Borax mine.jpg","This detailed image, photographed by an Expedition 37 crew member on the International Space Station, features the former US Borax mine located to the northwest of Boron, California.\n\u003Cul>\u003Cli>The mine, currently owned by the Rio Tinto Group, is the largest open-pit mine in California (covering approximately 54 square kilometers) and is among the largest borate mines in the world. Borates, chemical compounds that include the element boron (B), are important both as providers of an essential plant micronutrient, for metallurgical applications, and as components of specialized types of glass, anticorrosive coatings, fire retardants, and detergents (among other uses).\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Borate minerals such as borax, kernite, and ulexite are found in deposits at the Rio Tinto borax mine. The geologic setting is a structural, nonmarine basin – a permanent shallow lake – fed by thermal springs rich in sodium and boron that existed approximately 16 million years ago, according to scientists. The first mining claim in the area was filed in 1913, following discovery of boron-bearing nodules during well drilling. Much of the mine workings were underground until 1957, when US Borax changed to open-pit mining.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>The open pit is clearly visible at center; concentric benches along the pit wall are accentuated by shadows and mark successive levels of material extraction. Mine tailings are visible as stacked terraces along the northern boundary of the mine. Ore processing facilities occupy a relatively small percentage of the mine area, and are located directly to the west of the open pit. The Rio Tinto mine is one of the Earth's richest borate deposits; together with mines in Argentina, they produce almost 40 percent of the world's supply of industrial borate minerals.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>","NASA",6048,4032,{"id":437,"source_url":438,"license_code":386,"credit_html":439,"title":440,"description":441,"author":390,"original_width":355,"original_height":442},83039,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11350246","Rock Currier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11350246\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Borax5 - Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern Co, California, USA.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBorax\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Borax\">Borax\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: U.S. Borax open pit (Boron pit), U.S. Borax Mine (Pacific West Coast Borax; Pacific Coast Borax Co.; Boron Mine; U.S. Borax and Chemical Corp.; Kramer Mine; Baker Mine), Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kramer District, Kern Co., California, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Borax crystal altering to Tincalconite. J. Minette collection. Scale at bottom of image is one inch with a rule at one cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",670,{"id":444,"source_url":445,"license_code":386,"credit_html":446,"title":447,"description":448,"author":390,"original_width":355,"original_height":449},3635,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9427508","Rock Currier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9427508\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tincalconite and Borax - Baker mine, US Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, California, USA.jpg","\u003Cb>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTincalconite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tincalconite\">Tincalconite\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fb> and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomorph\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomorph\">pseudomorph\u003C\u002Fa> after \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBorax\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Borax\">Borax\u003C\u002Fa>:",871,{"id":451,"source_url":452,"license_code":453,"credit_html":454,"title":455,"description":456,"author":457,"original_width":458,"original_height":459},1663,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118183598","CC BY-SA 2.0","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118183598\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aphthitalite with Halite, Sulphohalite, and Borax altering to Tincalconite (48002924171).jpg","\u003Cp>Searles Lake\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nCalifornia, USA","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada",4000,6000,{"id":461,"source_url":462,"license_code":453,"credit_html":463,"title":464,"description":465,"author":457,"original_width":459,"original_height":458},9866,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118199619","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118199619\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gerstleyite in Clay with Probertite, Borax, and Kernite (48522536511).jpg","\u003Cp>Boron - Kern County\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nCalifornia, USA",{"id":467,"source_url":468,"license_code":405,"credit_html":469,"title":470,"description":471,"author":380,"original_width":472,"original_height":473},17886,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6334269","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6334269\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Northupit - Borax Lake, Kalifornien, USA.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthupite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northupite\">Northupite\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: Borax Lake, California, USA - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany",1400,1050,{"id":475,"source_url":476,"license_code":405,"credit_html":477,"title":478,"description":479,"author":480,"original_width":481,"original_height":482},23270,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=49851018","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=49851018\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sulphohalite-Borax-453883.jpg","Locality: Searles Lake, San Bernardino Co., California, USA\n\u003Cp>Dimensions: 6.2 cm x 4.4 cm x 4.1 cm\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nNestled aesthetically in a vug of borax crystals is an octahedron of lustrous and translucent, lemon-yellow Sulphohalite, measuring 1.5 cm in length. It is surrounded by lustrous and translucent, colorless crystals of borax, to 1 cm across. This is a superb, sharp, and colorful example of this very rare species from its type locality. Ex. Al Ordway Collection.","Robert M. Lavinsky",968,768,{"id":484,"source_url":485,"license_code":386,"credit_html":486,"title":487,"description":488,"author":390,"original_width":355,"original_height":489},24231,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9427317","Rock Currier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9427317\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tincalconite, pseudomorph after Borax - Tibet Autonomous Region, China.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTincalconite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tincalconite\">Tincalconite\u003C\u002Fa> crystals \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomorph\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomorph\">pseudomorphs\u003C\u002Fa> after \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBorax\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Borax\">Borax\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: Tibet Autonomous Region, China - Scale at bottom of image is one inch with a rule at one cm.",653,{"id":491,"source_url":492,"license_code":386,"credit_html":493,"title":494,"description":495,"author":390,"original_width":496,"original_height":355},24232,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9427657","Rock Currier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9427657\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tincalconite - US Borax open pit, US Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, California, USA.jpg","\u003Cb>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTincalconite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tincalconite\">Tincalconite\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fb>",847,{"id":498,"source_url":499,"license_code":405,"credit_html":500,"title":501,"description":502,"author":480,"original_width":503,"original_height":504},24234,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165122","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165122\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tincalconite-Borax-238943.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTincalconite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tincalconite\">Tincalconite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBorax\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Borax\">Borax\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:US_Borax_Open_Pit\" title=\"Category:US Borax Open Pit\">US Borax Open Pit\u003C\u002Fa> —  \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:US_Borax_Mine\" title=\"Category:US Borax Mine\">U.S. Borax Mine\u003C\u002Fa> (Pacific West Coast Borax; Pacific Coast Borax Co.; Boron Mine; U.S. Borax and Chemical Corp.; Kramer Mine; Baker Mine), Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kramer District, eastern \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:Kern_County,_California\" title=\"Category:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>—\u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:Mojave_Desert\" title=\"Category:Mojave Desert\">Mojave Desert\u003C\u002Fa>, Southern \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" title=\"California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, U.S.\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3484.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.0 x 4.5 x 4.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A striking specimen of brilliant white pseudomorphs of tincalconite after sharp, tabular borax crystals from the Boron Pit of California. The large, doubly terminated pseudomorph is superbly surrounded by smaller crystals. An amazing specimen for such a soft mineral. Essentially pristine. Ex. Norm Dawson Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,398,{"id":506,"source_url":507,"license_code":405,"credit_html":508,"title":509,"description":510,"author":480,"original_width":503,"original_height":511},24235,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169473","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169473\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tincalconite-Borax-261775.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTincalconite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tincalconite\">Tincalconite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBorax\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Borax\">Borax\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: U.S. Borax Mine (Pacific West Coast Borax; Pacific Coast Borax County; Boron Mine; U.S. Borax and Chemical Corp.; Kramer Mine; Baker Mine), Kramer Borate deposit, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boron\">Boron\u003C\u002Fa>, Kramer District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKern_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-23409.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 9.4 x 4.0 x 2.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A striking, very lightweight plate of a forest of tannish-white pseudomorphs of tincalconite after sharp, spiky, tabular borax crystals from the U.S Borax Mine of California. This is a highly representative specimen of this rare and very unusual pseudomorph. Excellent material from this famous district. They are so lightweight you really have trouble believing these are natural crystals, but they are. These are superb pseudomorphs. Ex. Mullane Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",299,{"id":513,"source_url":514,"license_code":405,"credit_html":515,"title":516,"description":517,"author":518,"original_width":519,"original_height":520},24731,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20548628","Chris857, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20548628\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tunellite - US Borax Mine, Boron, California.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTunellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Tunellite\">Tunellite\u003C\u002Fa> from the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FU.S._Borax_Boron_Min\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:U.S. Borax Boron Min\">US Borax Mine\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Boron, California\">Boron, California\u003C\u002Fa>. Held in the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FA._E._Seaman_Mineral_Museum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum\">A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum\u003C\u002Fa>.","Chris857",1474,1253,{"id":522,"source_url":523,"license_code":405,"credit_html":524,"title":525,"description":526,"author":527,"original_width":528,"original_height":529},83038,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9044773","Cs california, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9044773\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Borax coated Tincalconite.jpg","Norman and Gertrude Pendleton mineral collection\n\u003Cp>Borax\nNa2B4O5(OH)4*8H2O\nCoated with Tincalconite\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nBoron, California","Cs california",3872,2592,[531,537,541],{"id":532,"url":533,"label":534,"formula":535,"spacegroup":536,"year":338},1758,"\u002Fcif\u002F1758.cif","Gainsford 2008","Na2 B4 O17 H20","C 1 2\u002Fc 1",{"id":538,"url":539,"label":540,"formula":535,"spacegroup":536,"year":313},1759,"\u002Fcif\u002F1759.cif","Levy 1978",{"id":542,"url":543,"label":544,"formula":535,"spacegroup":536,"year":298},1760,"\u002Fcif\u002F1760.cif","Morimoto 1956",[546,547,548,549,550,551,552,553,554,555,556,557,558,559,560,561,562,563,564,565],"Albaurach","Baurach","Bauracia","Baurak","Bauraq","Bleng","Borac","Boraksas","Borakso","Borate of soda","Borras","Būrah","Buraq","Chrysocolla (of Agricola)","Prismatic borax-salt","Soude boratée","Tincal","Tinkal","Tinkál","Tinkar",[567,571,575,579,583,590,593,597,601,605,609,613,617,621,625,628,632,638,642,645,650,654,657,661,664,667,672,675,679,683,686,689,693,697,700,703,706],{"lang":568,"names":569},"ace",[570],"Peuja",{"lang":572,"names":573},"ar",[574],"بورق",{"lang":576,"names":577},"bs",[578],"Boraks",{"lang":580,"names":581},"ca",[582],"bòrax",{"lang":584,"names":585},"cs",[7,586,587,588,589],"E 285","E285","Na2B4O7","Tetraboritan sodný",{"lang":591,"names":592},"de",[7],{"lang":594,"names":595},"el",[596],"Βόρακας",{"lang":598,"names":599},"es",[600],"bórax",{"lang":602,"names":603},"et",[604],"booraks",{"lang":606,"names":607},"fi",[608],"booraksi",{"lang":610,"names":611},"fr",[612],"borax",{"lang":614,"names":615},"ga",[616],"bórás",{"lang":618,"names":619},"gl",[620],"Bórax",{"lang":622,"names":623},"gv",[624],"boracks",{"lang":626,"names":627},"hr",[578],{"lang":629,"names":630},"it",[631],"Borace",{"lang":633,"names":634},"ja",[635,636,637],"ほうしゃ","ホウ砂","硼砂",{"lang":639,"names":640},"kk",[641],"Бура",{"lang":643,"names":644},"ky",[641],{"lang":646,"names":647},"mk",[648,649],"Боракс","Боракс (минерал)",{"lang":651,"names":652},"nl",[612,653],"hydraat van natriumtetraboraat",{"lang":655,"names":656},"oc",[7],{"lang":658,"names":659},"pl",[660],"boraks rodzimy",{"lang":662,"names":663},"pt",[620],{"lang":665,"names":666},"ro",[7],{"lang":668,"names":669},"ru",[670,671],"бура","тинкаль",{"lang":673,"names":674},"sh",[578],{"lang":676,"names":677},"sl",[678],"boraks",{"lang":680,"names":681},"sr",[682],"боракс",{"lang":684,"names":685},"sv",[612],{"lang":687,"names":688},"uk",[641],{"lang":690,"names":691},"ur",[692],"سہاگہ",{"lang":694,"names":695},"uz",[696],"Bura",{"lang":698,"names":699},"vi",[612],{"lang":701,"names":702},"zh",[637],{"lang":704,"names":705},"zh-cn",[637],{"lang":707,"names":708},"zh-tw",[637],"Q3513011",{"history":11,"applications":11}]