[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:738":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":14,"elements":15,"sigelements":19,"key_elements":20,"impurities":21,"cim":22,"ima_status":23,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":26,"strunz10ed1":27,"strunz10ed2":28,"strunz10ed3":29,"strunz10ed4":30,"dana8ed1":31,"dana8ed2":32,"dana8ed3":27,"dana8ed4":33,"csystem":34,"cclass":35,"spacegroup":36,"spacegroupset":37,"a":38,"b":39,"c":40,"alpha":41,"beta":42,"gamma":41,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":43,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":44,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":45,"tlform":11,"hmin":46,"hmax":47,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":41,"vhnmax":41,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":48,"dmeas2":48,"dcalc":49,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":50,"lustretype":50,"commentluster":51,"diapheny":52,"streak":53,"colour":54,"commentcolor":11,"colors":55,"streak_colors":58,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":59,"cleavagetype":60,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":61,"commentbreak":62,"opticaltype":11,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":41,"opticalalpha2":41,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":41,"opticalbeta2":41,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":41,"opticalgamma2":41,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":41,"opticalomega2":41,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":41,"opticalepsilon2":41,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":41,"opticaln2":41,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":41,"optical2vcalc2":41,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":41,"optical2vmeasured2":41,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":11,"rimax":11,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":63,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":64,"opticalanisotropism":65,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":66,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":67,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":68,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":69,"aboutname":70,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":71,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":72,"group_members":73,"associates":74,"confused_with":159,"type_localities":160,"occurrence_total":165,"citations":166,"images":254,"structures":474,"synonyms":505,"language_names":533,"wikidata_qid":672,"texts":673},738,"1:1:738:2","cbd49a3e-618b-40cc-9030-ceaa43394902","Boulangerite","Bou",0,"mineral",null,11382,false,"Pb\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Sb\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>11\u003C\u002Fsub>",[16,17,18],"Pb","Sb","S",[16,17,18],[16,17],",Cu,Zn,Sn,Fe,","5.6.15",[24,25],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1837","2","H","C","15","3","5","1","Monoclinic",5,14,"P21\u002Fa","21.56","23.51","8.09","0","100.8",8,"Strong subcell is orthorhombic, with halved c.","Needle-like crystals, rarely rings, fibrous, compact masses.",2.5,3,"6.2","6.21","Metallic","sometimes silky","Opaque","Brownish","Lead grey",[56,57],"gray","brown",[57],"Distinct on {100}","Distinct\u002FGood","brittle","Flexible in thin crystals","Weak","Anisotropic","Distinct","(40.5,44.0) 400,\r\n (40.0,43.7) 420,\r\n (39.5,43.5) 440,\r\n (39.0,43.2) 460,\r\n (38.6,43.0) 480,\r\n (38.2,42.7) 500,\r\n (37.9,42.4) 520,\r\n (37.6,42.0) 540,\r\n (37.2,41.6) 560,\r\n (36.8,41.1) 580,\r\n (36.3,40.3) 600,\r\n (35.8,39.6) 620,\r\n (35.4,38.8) 640,\r\n (35.0,38.0) 660,\r\n (34.6,37.3) 680,\r\n (34.1,36.6) 700","Raman bands connected with stretching and bending of the SbS\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub> groups are between 375 and 175 cm\u003Csup>-1\u003C\u002Fsup>","Low to moderate temperature hydrothermal veins.","Easily confused with jamesonite, meneghinite, zinkenite and other fibrous sulphosalts.\r\n\r\nHomeotype of lopatkaite.\r\nMay occur in intergrowths with jamesonite and meneghinite.\r\n\r\nBoulangerite has an OD structure with the following MDO polytypes (Ventrut...","Named in 1837 by Moritz Christian Julius Thaulow in honor of Charles Louis Boulanger (6 May 1810 - 6 October 1849), a French mining engineer. Boulanger first analyzed his namesake species calling it \"plomb antimonie sulfure\" in 1835. He also translated Leopold von Buch's famous book, \"Description physique des Iles Canaries, suivie dʾune indication des principaux volcans du globe\", which was a contributing factor in the decline of the Wernerian or Neptunian theory of the origin of the Earth.","2026-02-15 00:45:07",[],[],[75,84,93,102,109,116,124,133,143,151],{"id":76,"name":77,"entrytype":9,"csystem":78,"ima_formula":79,"mindat_formula":79,"hmin":80,"hmax":47,"dmeas":81,"dcalc":82,"primary_image_id":83},147,"Altaite","Isometric","PbTe",2,"8.19","8.27",904,{"id":85,"name":86,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":87,"mindat_formula":87,"hmin":88,"hmax":89,"dmeas":90,"dcalc":91,"primary_image_id":92},305,"Arsenopyrite","FeAsS",5.5,6,"6.07","6.18",29154,{"id":94,"name":95,"entrytype":9,"csystem":96,"ima_formula":97,"mindat_formula":98,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":99,"dcalc":100,"primary_image_id":101},1204,"Cylindrite","Triclinic","FePb\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Sn\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Sb\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>14\u003C\u002Fsub>","Pb\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Sn\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>FeSb\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>14\u003C\u002Fsub>","5.43","5.443",6749,{"id":103,"name":104,"entrytype":9,"csystem":78,"ima_formula":105,"mindat_formula":105,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":106,"dcalc":107,"primary_image_id":108},1641,"Galena","PbS","7.60","7.57",9582,{"id":110,"name":111,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":112,"mindat_formula":112,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":113,"dcalc":114,"primary_image_id":115},3232,"Plagionite","Pb\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Sb\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>17\u003C\u002Fsub>","5.54","5.55",19559,{"id":117,"name":118,"entrytype":9,"csystem":78,"ima_formula":119,"mindat_formula":119,"hmin":89,"hmax":120,"dmeas":121,"dcalc":122,"primary_image_id":123},3314,"Pyrite","FeS\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",6.5,"4.8","5.01",20239,{"id":125,"name":126,"entrytype":9,"csystem":127,"ima_formula":128,"mindat_formula":128,"hmin":129,"hmax":129,"dmeas":130,"dcalc":131,"primary_image_id":132},3337,"Quartz","Trigonal","SiO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",7,"2.65","2.66",30579,{"id":134,"name":135,"entrytype":9,"csystem":127,"ima_formula":136,"mindat_formula":137,"hmin":138,"hmax":139,"dmeas":140,"dcalc":141,"primary_image_id":142},3647,"Siderite","Fe(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","FeCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",3.5,4.5,"3.96","3.932",22253,{"id":144,"name":145,"entrytype":9,"csystem":78,"ima_formula":146,"mindat_formula":146,"hmin":138,"hmax":147,"dmeas":148,"dcalc":149,"primary_image_id":150},3727,"Sphalerite","ZnS",4,"3.9","4.096",66200,{"id":152,"name":153,"entrytype":9,"csystem":154,"ima_formula":155,"mindat_formula":155,"hmin":80,"hmax":80,"dmeas":156,"dcalc":157,"primary_image_id":158},3782,"Stibnite","Orthorhombic","Sb\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.63","4.625",18319,[],[161],{"id":162,"txt":163,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":164},1699,"Molières-Cavaillac, Le Vigan, Gard, Occitanie, France","France",922,[167,171,175,179,183,187,191,195,199,203,208,212,216,220,224,229,233,238,242,245,250],{"id":168,"year":169,"html":170,"doi":11},16103750,1835,"Boulanger, C. (1835) Sur un sulfure double d'antimoine et de plombe de Molières, Départment du Gard. Ann. Mines, 7: 575-582.",{"id":172,"year":173,"html":174,"doi":11},16103751,1837,"Breithaupt, A. (1837) Embrithite, Plumbostib. J. pr. Chem., 10: 442.",{"id":176,"year":177,"html":178,"doi":11},16103752,1921,"Shannon, E.V. (1921) Additional notes on the crystallography and composition of boulangerite. American Journal of Science, 5th. series: 1: 423-426.",{"id":180,"year":181,"html":182,"doi":11},16103753,1940,"Berry, L. G. (1940) Studies of mineral sulpho-salts III. - Boulangerite and \"Epiboulangerite\". Univ. Toronto Studies, Geol. Ser., 44: 5-19.",{"id":184,"year":185,"html":186,"doi":11},1118651,1944,"Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.",{"id":188,"year":189,"html":190,"doi":11},17074702,1948,"Robinson, S. C. (1948) The identity of falkmanite and yenerite with boulangerite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  33 (11-12) 716-723 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FAM33_716.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":192,"year":193,"html":194,"doi":11},16103756,1957,"Garavelli, C. L. (1957) Contributo alla conoscenza della boulangerite. Atti Società Toscana Scienze Naturali, Memorie, 64: 133-151.",{"id":196,"year":197,"html":198,"doi":11},523465,1960,"Born, L., Hellner, E. (1960) A structural proposal for boulangerite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  45 (11-12) 1266-1271 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM45\u002FAM45_1266.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":200,"year":201,"html":202,"doi":11},16103758,1962,"Dornberger-Schiff, K., & Hohne, E. (1962) Zur Symmetrie des Boulangerites. Chem. d. Erde, 22: 78-82.",{"id":204,"year":205,"html":206,"doi":207},16596174,1969,"Ramdohr, Paul (1969) \u003Ci>The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths\u003C\u002Fi>. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x'>doi:10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x",{"id":209,"year":210,"html":211,"doi":11},16103759,1978,"Petrova, I. V., Kuznetsov, A. I., Belokoneva, E. A., Symonov, M. A., Pobedimskaya, E. A., & Belov, N. V. (1978) On the crystal structure of boulangerite. Dokl. Acad. Nauk SSSR, 242: 337-340 (in Russian).",{"id":213,"year":214,"html":215,"doi":11},16103760,1980,"Mozgova, N. N., & Bortnikov, N. S. (1980) On non-stoichiometry of the acicular lead sulphantimonites. In: Geochimija. Mineralogija - Moscow, Nauka. 126-138 (in Russian).",{"id":217,"year":218,"html":219,"doi":11},17074695,1989,"Mumme, W. (1989) The crystal structure of Pb\u003Csub>5.05\u003C\u002Fsub>(Sb\u003Csub>3.75\u003C\u002Fsub>Bi\u003Csub>0.28\u003C\u002Fsub>)S\u003Csub>10.72\u003C\u002Fsub>Se\u003Csub>0.28\u003C\u002Fsub>: boulangerite of near ideal composition. \u003Ci>Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte\u003C\u002Fi>,  1989 (11) 498-512",{"id":221,"year":222,"html":223,"doi":11},16103762,1991,"Bente, K., Meier-Salimi, M. (1991) Substitution experiments and structure investigations on Ag-Tl-bearing boulangerites - a contribution to the rayite problem. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 163, 212-216.",{"id":225,"year":226,"html":227,"doi":228},1126563,1993,"Criddle, A. J., Stanley, C. J. (1993) Data file. In \u003Ci>Quantitative Data File for Ore Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>. Springer Netherlands. p.1-635. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002F978-94-011-1486-8_1'>doi:10.1007\u002F978-94-011-1486-8_1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002F978-94-011-1486-8_1",{"id":230,"year":231,"html":232,"doi":11},16963331,2005,"(2005) Boulangerite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fboulangerite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":234,"year":235,"html":236,"doi":237},64976,2012,"Ventruti, G., Stasi, F., Pinto, D., Vurro, F., Renna, M. (2012) The plumose boulangerite from Bottino, Apuan Alps, Italy: Crystal structure, OD character and twinning. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  50 (2). 181-199 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.50.2.181'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.50.2.181\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.50.2.181",{"id":239,"year":235,"html":240,"doi":241},64978,"Kaden, R., Wagner, G., Bente, K. (2012) Crystal chemistry and electrical conductivity of boulangerite, dadsonite and iodine-substituted pillaite grown by chemical vapor transport. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  50 (2) 219-233 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.50.2.219'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.50.2.219\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.50.2.219",{"id":243,"year":235,"html":244,"doi":11},17743306,"Boudard, Michel; Moëlo, Yves; Leydet, Jean-Claude (2012) Echos de la Minéralogie française. Molières: Localité-type de la Boulangerite (Gard) [Echoes of French Mineralogy. Molières: Type locality of Boulangerite (Gard)]. \u003Ci>Le Règne Minéral\u003C\u002Fi>,  18 (106). 57",{"id":246,"year":247,"html":248,"doi":249},16724871,2016,"Kharbish, Sherif, Jeleň, Stanislav (2016) Raman spectroscopy of the Pb-Sb sulfosalts minerals: Boulangerite, jamesonite, robinsonite and zinkenite. \u003Ci>Vibrational Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>,  85. 157-166 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.vibspec.2016.04.016'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.vibspec.2016.04.016\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.vibspec.2016.04.016",{"id":251,"year":252,"html":253,"doi":11},16103767,2017,"Schultz, P., Nietschke, F., Wagner, G., Eikemeier, C., Eisenburger, L., Oeckler, O. (2017): The crystal structures of Pb5Sb4S11 (Boulangerite) – a phase transition explains seemingly contradictory structure models. Zeitschrift für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie 643, 1531-1542.",[255,262,272,281,287,294,298,306,310,317,321,330,339,348,357,366,371,376,382,389,397,405,411,418,425,433,441,446,456,463,468],{"id":256,"source_url":257,"license_code":258,"credit_html":259,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":260,"original_height":261},29274,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F119197","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F119197\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,666,{"id":263,"source_url":264,"license_code":265,"credit_html":266,"title":267,"description":268,"author":269,"original_width":270,"original_height":271},36667,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=3914585","Public domain","Karelj, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=3914585\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Boulangerit 1.jpg","Mineral boulangerite, chemical composition: Pb\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Sb\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>11\u003C\u002Fsub>, from collection of \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:National_Museum_(Prague)\" class=\"mw-disambig\" title=\"Category:National Museum (Prague)\">National Museum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPrague\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Prague\">Prague\u003C\u002Fa>, Czech Republic, originally from \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCzech_Republic\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Czech Republic\">Czech Republic\u003C\u002Fa>","Karelj",3068,1856,{"id":144,"source_url":273,"license_code":274,"credit_html":275,"title":276,"description":277,"author":278,"original_width":279,"original_height":280},"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154743","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154743\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Boulangerite-188350.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoulangerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boulangerite\">Boulangerite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Noche Buena Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNoche_Buena\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Noche Buena\">Noche Buena\u003C\u002Fa>, Municipio de Mazapil, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZacatecas\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zacatecas\">Zacatecas\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2376.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 11.0 x 8.8 x 8.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A scintillating mat of metallic-bright boulangerite needles covers the cabinet sulfide matrix of this fine specimen from the Noche Buena Mine of Zacatecas, Mexico. Older material, probably from the 1970s.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",471,600,{"id":282,"source_url":283,"license_code":284,"credit_html":285,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":260,"original_height":286},29275,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F166715","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F166715\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",523,{"id":288,"source_url":289,"license_code":274,"credit_html":290,"title":291,"description":277,"author":278,"original_width":292,"original_height":293},3728,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154745","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154745\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Boulangerite-188351.jpg",491,466,{"id":295,"source_url":296,"license_code":258,"credit_html":297,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":260,"original_height":261},29276,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F112644","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F112644\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":299,"source_url":300,"license_code":274,"credit_html":301,"title":302,"description":303,"author":278,"original_width":304,"original_height":305},3729,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476448","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476448\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Boulangerite-uri-41a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoulangerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boulangerite\">Boulangerite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Noche Buena Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNoche_Buena\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Noche Buena\">Noche Buena\u003C\u002Fa>, Municipio de Mazapil, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZacatecas\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zacatecas\">Zacatecas\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2376.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: cabinet, 12.5 x 6.5 x 6.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Boulangerite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This limestone matrix is covered by a matted, felted mass of acicular, lustrous, gray, boulangerite: a lead, antimony, sulfosalt, in crystals, to 1.75 cm across. Cubes of mirror-bright pyrite, to .5 cm across, also dot the matrix. This is an excellent example of the acicular crystal habit of boulangerite, well known historically from Zacatecas.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",800,486,{"id":307,"source_url":308,"license_code":258,"credit_html":309,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":260,"original_height":261},29277,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116394","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116394\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":311,"source_url":312,"license_code":274,"credit_html":313,"title":314,"description":303,"author":278,"original_width":315,"original_height":316},3730,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476450","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476450\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Boulangerite-uri-41c.jpg",349,400,{"id":318,"source_url":319,"license_code":258,"credit_html":320,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":260,"original_height":261},29278,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F109481","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F109481\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":322,"source_url":323,"license_code":284,"credit_html":324,"title":325,"description":326,"author":327,"original_width":328,"original_height":329},3731,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132085426","Kaethe17, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132085426\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Boulangerit.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoulangerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boulangerite\">Boulangerite\u003C\u002Fa> (Weight: 224 g) – Locality: Primiero, Trentino South Tyrol, Italy","Kaethe17",4939,3293,{"id":331,"source_url":332,"license_code":333,"credit_html":334,"title":335,"description":336,"author":337,"original_width":338,"original_height":338},36673,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11324858","CC BY 3.0","Bri Dragonne, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11324858\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Boulangerite, Calcite - Stari Trg Mine, Trepca, Kosovo1.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoulangerit\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boulangerit\">Boulangerit\u003C\u002Fa> und \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">Calcite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Stari Trg Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTrep%C4%8Da_Mines\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Trepča Mines\">Trepča complex\u003C\u002Fa>, Trepča valley, Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovo\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Original description: A close up showing the development of the Manganoan Calcite upon the bed of Boulangerite, in different stages of development, from single crystal all the way up to the complex spherical shapes.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Bri Dragonne",500,{"id":340,"source_url":341,"license_code":274,"credit_html":342,"title":343,"description":344,"author":345,"original_width":346,"original_height":347},36674,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=24623929","Lech Darski, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=24623929\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Boulangeryt na kwarcu - Trepca, Serbia..JPG","Boulangeryt na kwarcu - Trepca, Serbia.","Lech Darski",5184,3456,{"id":349,"source_url":350,"license_code":284,"credit_html":351,"title":352,"description":353,"author":354,"original_width":355,"original_height":356},36675,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113749608","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113749608\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 519 - Boulangérite (Le Roddle d'Ally, Haute-Loire, France).jpg","Boulangérite, en provenance de Le Roddle d'Ally (Haute-Loire, France), au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",3180,2608,{"id":358,"source_url":359,"license_code":284,"credit_html":360,"title":361,"description":362,"author":363,"original_width":364,"original_height":365},36678,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147634862","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147634862\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","6150 Stari Trg 1.jpg","Boulangerit (Plumosit)\n\u003Cp>Dolomit\nZinkblende\nQuarz\nBleiglanz\nPyrit\naus Stari Trg, Trepca, Jugoslawien\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n1220 Gramm","J. Patrick Fischer",4272,2848,{"id":367,"source_url":368,"license_code":284,"credit_html":369,"title":370,"description":362,"author":363,"original_width":364,"original_height":365},36679,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147634866","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147634866\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","6150 Stari Trg 4.jpg",{"id":372,"source_url":373,"license_code":284,"credit_html":374,"title":375,"description":362,"author":363,"original_width":364,"original_height":365},36680,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147634875","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147634875\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","6150 Stari Trg 7.jpg",{"id":377,"source_url":378,"license_code":284,"credit_html":379,"title":380,"description":381,"author":363,"original_width":364,"original_height":365},36681,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147730497","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147730497\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","6289 Trepča 3.jpg","Boulangerit (Plumosit), Calcit, Bleiglanz, Dolomit aus Trepča, Jugoslawien\n2260 g",{"id":383,"source_url":384,"license_code":274,"credit_html":385,"title":386,"description":387,"author":278,"original_width":280,"original_height":388},3726,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10138592","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10138592\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Boulangerite-Quartz-113486.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoulangerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boulangerite\">Boulangerite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Yaogangxian Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FYizhang_County\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Yizhang County\">Yizhang County\u003C\u002Fa>, Chenzhou Prefecture, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHunan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hunan\">Hunan Province\u003C\u002Fa>, China (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4549.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.8 x 5.3 x 3.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>You mostly see boulangerite as merely a color tone inclusion inside calcites from Eastern Europe. In this Chinese specimen, it is represented by a rich carpet of fine needles at the base of gemmy quartz crystals.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",559,{"id":390,"source_url":391,"license_code":258,"credit_html":392,"title":393,"description":11,"author":394,"original_width":395,"original_height":396},30951,"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.esbirky.cz\u002Fdetail\u002F194049","Photo: #PredmetAutorFoto:194049 — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.esbirky.cz\u002Fdetail\u002F194049\" rel=\"noopener\">National Museum - Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana","Boulangerit","#PredmetAutorFoto:194049",650,488,{"id":398,"source_url":399,"license_code":274,"credit_html":400,"title":401,"description":402,"author":278,"original_width":403,"original_height":404},36668,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164639","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164639\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Boulangerite-Baryte-236631.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoulangerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boulangerite\">Boulangerite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaryte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baryte\">Baryte\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Baia Sprie mine (Felsöbánya mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaia_Sprie\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baia Sprie\">Baia Sprie (Felsöbánya)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMaramure%C5%9F_County\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Maramureş County\">Maramures County\u003C\u002Fa>, Romania (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2593.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 15.5 x 11.8 x 7.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A rare and fine, large cabinet combination specimen from the Baia Sprie Mine of Romania. Striking, echelon clusters of large, color-zoned barite crystals are aesthetically set in a sculptural, 3-dimensional matrix of highly lustrous, metallic-gray boulangerite needles. The tabular baryte blades reach 4.9 cm and have distinctive, off-white crystal edges. We believe the interiors of the baryte blades are included with boulangerite, meaning that the baryte crystal edges are pure baryte and lack boulangerite. Ex. Consie Prince Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",605,750,{"id":406,"source_url":407,"license_code":274,"credit_html":408,"title":409,"description":410,"author":278,"original_width":280,"original_height":292},36669,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165542","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165542\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Boulangerite-Calcite-Quartz-240664.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoulangerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boulangerite\">Boulangerite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">Calcite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Trepča complex, Trepča valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKosovska_Mitrovica\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kosovska Mitrovica\">Kosovska Mitrovica\u003C\u002Fa>, Kosovo (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-62172.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.9 x 5.1 x 3.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine and uncommon combination specimen from the historic mines at Trepca, Kosovo and the Jaime Bird Collection. A pretty and well-placed cluster of translucent, lustrous, fat, tabular calcite rhombs is perched atop a matrix of smaller calcites, which are richly and aesthetically sprinkled with golden chalcopyrite microcrystals and radial sprays of quartz needles. All of the calcite crystals are tinted gray by inclusions of boulangerite, which is very uncommon from Trepca. Outstanding and classic combination material from this classic locale. Essentially pristine.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":412,"source_url":413,"license_code":274,"credit_html":414,"title":415,"description":416,"author":278,"original_width":404,"original_height":417},36670,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169242","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169242\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Boulangerite-Siderite-261448.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoulangerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boulangerite\">Boulangerite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSiderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Siderite\">Siderite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Vojtěch Mine (Adalbert Mine; Adalbert Maria Mine), Březové Hory deposit, Březové Hory (Birkenberg), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FP%C5%99%C3%ADbram\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Příbram\">Příbram\u003C\u002Fa>, Central Bohemia Region, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBohemia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bohemia\">Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)\u003C\u002Fa>, Czech Republic (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-27963.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.0 x 5.5 x 4.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Boulangerite is extremely rare from the famous mines at Pribram. This very rich, old-time, sculptural, cabinet specimen is richly covered with nests of metallic, iridescent, hair-like needles of boulangerite to about 1.4 cm. The clusters of lustrous, tiny, brown, siderite crystals are a very nice accent. The matrix is layered sulfides and quartz. Ex. Bohemia Royal Museum and Joseph Vajdak Collections with labels. Vajdak is a noted Pribram collector and both labels indicate that the piece was collected in 1860 from the Vojtech Mine. This ancient mine was opened as the Adalbert Mine in 1779, according to an accompanying list.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",492,{"id":419,"source_url":420,"license_code":274,"credit_html":421,"title":422,"description":416,"author":278,"original_width":423,"original_height":424},36671,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169243","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169243\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Boulangerite-Siderite-261449.jpg",673,514,{"id":426,"source_url":427,"license_code":274,"credit_html":428,"title":429,"description":430,"author":278,"original_width":431,"original_height":432},36672,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10172179","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10172179\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Calcite-Boulangerite-280353.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">Calcite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoulangerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boulangerite\">Boulangerite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Herja Mine (Kisbánya), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaia_Mare\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baia Mare\">Baia Mare (Nagybánya)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMaramure%C5%9F_County\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Maramureş County\">Maramures County\u003C\u002Fa>, Romania (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2601.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.1 x 3.3 x 2.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Without question, these are among the most distinctive, unique and interesting Calcite specimens out there. This piece comprises a few very lustrous, translucent, layered \"rosettes\" (intergrown rhombohedra) of Calcite with sharp faces which are included by Boulangerite. The attractive \"twisted\" form of the crystals is striking and the piece is complete on all sides. Ex. Brian Kosnar Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",479,432,{"id":434,"source_url":435,"license_code":284,"credit_html":436,"title":437,"description":438,"author":363,"original_width":439,"original_height":440},21009,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157231577","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157231577\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","33118 Robinsonit Boulangerit 2.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRobinsonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Robinsonite\">Robinsonite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoulangerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boulangerite\">Boulangerite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Weight: 780.3 g\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Male Zelezne, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",2624,2517,{"id":442,"source_url":443,"license_code":284,"credit_html":444,"title":445,"description":438,"author":363,"original_width":364,"original_height":365},21012,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157231590","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157231590\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","33118 Robinsonit Boulangerit 5.jpg",{"id":447,"source_url":448,"license_code":449,"credit_html":450,"title":451,"description":452,"author":453,"original_width":454,"original_height":455},8283,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118205915","CC BY-SA 2.0","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118205915\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Boulangerite (Falkmanite) (47122251914).jpg","\u003Cp>Boliden Mine\nNorth Sweden\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nS-74-1946","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada",6000,4000,{"id":457,"source_url":458,"license_code":284,"credit_html":459,"title":460,"description":438,"author":363,"original_width":461,"original_height":462},21008,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157231576","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157231576\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","33118 Robinsonit Boulangerit 1.jpg",2935,2649,{"id":464,"source_url":465,"license_code":284,"credit_html":466,"title":467,"description":438,"author":363,"original_width":364,"original_height":365},21010,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157231578","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157231578\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","33118 Robinsonit Boulangerit 3.jpg",{"id":469,"source_url":470,"license_code":284,"credit_html":471,"title":472,"description":438,"author":363,"original_width":473,"original_height":365},21011,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157231589","J. Patrick Fischer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157231589\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","33118 Robinsonit Boulangerit 4.jpg",2341,[475,481,486,492,499],{"id":476,"url":477,"label":478,"formula":479,"spacegroup":480,"year":235},1808,"\u002Fcif\u002F1808.cif","Ventruti 2012","Pb10.15 Sb7.85 S22","P 1 21\u002Fa 1",{"id":482,"url":483,"label":484,"formula":485,"spacegroup":480,"year":235},1809,"\u002Fcif\u002F1809.cif","Kaden 2012","Pb10.159 Sb7.841 S22",{"id":487,"url":488,"label":489,"formula":490,"spacegroup":491,"year":222},1810,"\u002Fcif\u002F1810.cif","Bente 1991","Pb4.819 Sb4.161 S11","P b n m",{"id":493,"url":494,"label":495,"formula":496,"spacegroup":497,"year":498},1811,"\u002Fcif\u002F1811.cif","Skowron 1990","Sb4.35 Pb4.65 S11","P n a m",1990,{"id":500,"url":501,"label":502,"formula":503,"spacegroup":504,"year":197},1812,"\u002Fcif\u002F1812.cif","Born 1960","Pb4.5 Sb4.5 S11","B b 21 m",[506,507,508,509,510,511,512,513,514,515,516,517,518,519,520,521,522,523,524,525,526,527,528,529,530,531,532],"Acicular boulangerite","Antimonbleiblende","Bolidenit","Bolidenita","Bolidenite","Embrithit","Embrithita","Embrithite","Epiboulangerit","Epiboulangerita","Epiboulangerite","Mullanit","Mullanita","Mullanite","Orlandinit","Orlandinita","Orlandinite","Plomb antimonié sulfuré","Plumbostib","Plumbostibiite","Plumbostibit","Plumbostibite","Plumites","Schwefelantimonblei","Yenerit","Yenerita","Yenerite",[534,538,542,546,550,553,556,560,564,568,571,575,579,583,586,590,593,597,601,605,608,611,614,618,622,625,629,632,635,639,642,646,650,653,658,662,665,668],{"lang":535,"names":536},"ar",[537],"بولانغيريت",{"lang":539,"names":540},"az",[541],"Bulanjerit",{"lang":543,"names":544},"be",[545],"Буланжэрыт",{"lang":547,"names":548},"ca",[549],"boulangerita",{"lang":551,"names":552},"cs",[393],{"lang":554,"names":555},"de",[393],{"lang":557,"names":558},"el",[559],"Βουλανζερίτης",{"lang":561,"names":562},"es",[563],"Boulangerita",{"lang":565,"names":566},"et",[567],"bulanžeriit",{"lang":569,"names":570},"eu",[563],{"lang":572,"names":573},"fa",[574],"بولانژریت",{"lang":576,"names":577},"fi",[578],"boulangeriitti",{"lang":580,"names":581},"fr",[582],"Boulangérite",{"lang":584,"names":585},"hr",[393],{"lang":587,"names":588},"hy",[589],"Բուլանժերիտ",{"lang":591,"names":592},"it",[7],{"lang":594,"names":595},"ja",[596],"ブーランジェ鉱",{"lang":598,"names":599},"ka",[600],"ბულანჟერიტი",{"lang":602,"names":603},"kk",[604],"Буланжерит",{"lang":606,"names":607},"ky",[604],{"lang":609,"names":610},"mk",[604],{"lang":612,"names":613},"mn",[604],{"lang":615,"names":616},"nb",[617],"boulangeritt",{"lang":619,"names":620},"nl",[621],"boulangeriet",{"lang":623,"names":624},"nn",[617],{"lang":626,"names":627},"pl",[628],"Boulangeryt",{"lang":630,"names":631},"ro",[393],{"lang":633,"names":634},"ru",[604],{"lang":636,"names":637},"sh",[638],"Bolanžerit",{"lang":640,"names":641},"sk",[393],{"lang":643,"names":644},"sl",[645],"boulangerit",{"lang":647,"names":648},"sr",[649],"Боланжерит",{"lang":651,"names":652},"sv",[393],{"lang":654,"names":655},"ta",[656,657],"Pb5Sb4S11","பௌலேங்கெரைட்டு",{"lang":659,"names":660},"tly",[661],"bulanžerit",{"lang":663,"names":664},"uk",[604],{"lang":666,"names":667},"uz",[541],{"lang":669,"names":670},"zh",[671],"硫锑铅矿","Q250618",{"history":674,"applications":678},{"markdown":675,"model_version":676,"prompt_version":677,"reviewed_at":11},"The name honours a man who studied the mineral before it carried his name. In 1835, the French mining engineer Charles Louis Boulanger analysed a lead-antimony sulfide and called it *plomb antimonié sulfuré* — French for \"sulfurated antimonial lead\"[1]. Two years later, in 1837, the mineralogist Moritz Christian Julius Thaulow gave the species a formal name in Boulanger's honour: boulangerite[2]. The first specimens came from Molières, in the Gard region of southern France[3].\n\nBoulanger left another mark on the science of his day. He translated Leopold von Buch's *Description physique des Îles Canaries*, a study of the world's volcanoes. The book helped overturn the older Neptunian theory — the idea, taught by Abraham Werner, that all rocks had crystallised out of a primordial ocean[4]. By the time Boulanger died in 1849, that ocean-origin model was giving way to one built on heat and volcanism.\n\nThe mineral itself caused naming trouble long before and after Boulanger. It often grows as bundles of fibres so fine they look like hair, and these matted, plume-like masses were given a separate name of their own: *plumosite*[5]. The label has since been discarded — the feathery \"feather ore\" turned out to be boulangerite all along.","claude-opus-4-8","1.7.0",{"markdown":679,"model_version":676,"prompt_version":677,"reviewed_at":11},"Boulangerite carries lead, and where it gathers in quantity it can be mined for it[1]. But that happens rarely. Mining the mineral for its lead only makes sense where it forms deposits large enough to quarry[1], and such concentrations are uncommon — so it remains a minor, local ore rather than a mainstream source of the metal.\n\nIts real pull today is on collectors. The fine, needle-like crystals — some almost as thin as hair — make boulangerite a prized specimen[2]. That display value, more than its metal, is what keeps the mineral in demand."]