[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:757":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":11,"impurities":22,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":34,"dana8ed4":35,"csystem":36,"cclass":37,"spacegroup":38,"spacegroupset":39,"a":40,"b":39,"c":41,"alpha":39,"beta":39,"gamma":39,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":42,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":43,"twinning":44,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":45,"tlform":11,"hmin":46,"hmax":47,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":48,"vhnmax":49,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":50,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":51,"dmeas2":52,"dcalc":53,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":54,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":55,"streak":56,"colour":57,"commentcolor":11,"colors":58,"streak_colors":62,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":63,"cleavagetype":64,"fracturetype":65,"tenacity":66,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":11,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":39,"opticalalpha2":39,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":39,"opticalbeta2":39,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":39,"opticalgamma2":39,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":39,"opticalomega2":39,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":39,"opticalepsilon2":39,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":39,"opticaln2":39,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":39,"optical2vcalc2":39,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":39,"optical2vmeasured2":39,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":11,"rimax":11,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":67,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":68,"opticalanisotropism":69,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":70,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":71,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":72,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":73,"aboutname":74,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":75,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":76,"group_members":77,"associates":104,"confused_with":149,"type_localities":151,"occurrence_total":170,"citations":171,"images":254,"structures":470,"synonyms":492,"language_names":506,"wikidata_qid":651,"texts":652},757,"1:1:757:7","3a6fdc55-c044-45d2-92cc-5e9bf316409f","Braunite","Bnt",0,"mineral",null,43692,3793,false,"Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",[18,19,20],"Mn","Si","O",[18,19,20],",Fe,Ca,B,Ba,Ti,Al,Mg,","14.17.3",[25,26],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1827","9","A","G","05","7","5","1","3","Tetragonal",27,177,"0","9.432","18.703",8,"Cell from de Villiers (1975). Cell dimensions variable: a = 9.36-9.45, c = 18.60-18.97 Å.","On {112} producing a combination with only a small reentrant angle (0°18') on е{011}.","Pyramidal {011} and {131}; pseudo-octahedral. Striated on {001} and {201} parallel to [010]. Granular massive.",6,6.5,"920","1079",100,"4.72","4.83","4.86","Sub-Metallic","Opaque","Black","Brownish black, steel-grey",[59,60,61],"black","brown","gray",[59],"{112} perfect.","Perfect","Irregular\u002FUneven,Sub-Conchoidal","brittle","Grayish white with a brownish tinge.","Anisotropic","Weak in air, distinct in oil - dark to lighter slate gray.","(23.4,25.4) 400,\r\n (22.7,24.5) 420,\r\n (22.0,23.6) 440,\r\n (21.5,22.9) 460,\r\n (21.0,22.4) 480,\r\n (20.5,21.9) 500,\r\n (20.0,21.5) 520,\r\n (19.6,21.2) 540,\r\n (19.3,20.9) 560,\r\n (19.0,20.6) 580,\r\n (18.8,20.3) 600,\r\n (18.6,20.0) 620,\r\n (18.5,19.8) 640,\r\n (18.3,19.6) 660,\r\n (18.2,19.5) 680, \r\n (18.1,19.4) 700","Weakly magnetic.","Metamorphism of manganese silicates and weathering product.","The Mn2+ analogue of neltnerite.\r\n\r\nCompare also braunite-II.","After Wilhelm von Braun (* 1. October 1790 in Thal (Ruhla); † 6. February 1872 in Gotha), official and minister in Gotha, Germany, supporter of geology and mineralogy. He supplied the original material for the description of braunite.","2025-08-11 12:14:19",[],[78,84,90,98],{"id":79,"name":80,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":81,"mindat_formula":82,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":39,"dcalc":83,"primary_image_id":11},9,"Abswurmbachite","Cu\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","CuMn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.96",{"id":85,"name":86,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":87,"mindat_formula":88,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":89,"primary_image_id":11},46003,"Gatedalite","ZrMn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","ZrMn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>SiO\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.783",{"id":91,"name":92,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":93,"mindat_formula":94,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":95,"dcalc":96,"primary_image_id":97},2875,"Neltnerite","CaMn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","CaMn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.63","4.65",17530,{"id":99,"name":100,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":101,"hmin":46,"hmax":47,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":102,"primary_image_id":103},471003,"Skogbyite","Zr(Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)SiO\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.821",14932,[105,114,122,130,140],{"id":106,"name":107,"entrytype":9,"csystem":108,"ima_formula":109,"mindat_formula":109,"hmin":46,"hmax":110,"dmeas":111,"dcalc":112,"primary_image_id":113},322,"Ardennite-(As)","Orthorhombic","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(AlMg)(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>",7,"3.69","3.74",1765,{"id":115,"name":116,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":118,"mindat_formula":118,"hmin":46,"hmax":47,"dmeas":119,"dcalc":120,"primary_image_id":121},691,"Bixbyite-(Mn)","Isometric","Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.945","5.031",3411,{"id":123,"name":124,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":125,"mindat_formula":126,"hmin":127,"hmax":127,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":128,"primary_image_id":129},40367,"Fluorcalcioroméite","(Ca,Na)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Sb\u003Csup>5+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>F","(Ca,Na,◻)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Sb\u003Csup>5+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(O,OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>F",5.5,"5.113",9120,{"id":131,"name":132,"entrytype":9,"csystem":133,"ima_formula":134,"mindat_formula":135,"hmin":136,"hmax":137,"dmeas":138,"dcalc":138,"primary_image_id":139},3406,"Rhodochrosite","Trigonal","Mn(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","MnCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",3.5,4,"3.7",23851,{"id":141,"name":142,"entrytype":9,"csystem":143,"ima_formula":144,"mindat_formula":145,"hmin":47,"hmax":47,"dmeas":146,"dcalc":147,"primary_image_id":148},3524,"Santaclaraite","Triclinic","CaMn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>14\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaMn\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>[Si\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>14\u003C\u002Fsub>OH](OH)·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.31","3.379",21536,[150],{"id":91,"name":92,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":93,"mindat_formula":94,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":95,"dcalc":96,"primary_image_id":97},[152,158,164,167],{"id":153,"txt":154,"latitude":155,"longitude":156,"country":157},1831,"Oehrenstock, Langewiesen, Ilmenau, Ilm District, Thuringia, Germany",50.66,10.9441667,"Germany",{"id":159,"txt":160,"latitude":161,"longitude":162,"country":163},4543,"Praborna Mine, Servette-Chuc mining complex, Saint-Marcel, Aosta Valley, Italy",45.6794444,7.4494444,"Italy",{"id":165,"txt":166,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":157},21801,"Elgersburg, Ilm District, Thuringia, Germany",{"id":168,"txt":169,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":157},26975,"Friedrichroda, Gotha District, Thuringia, Germany",419,[172,176,180,183,187,191,195,199,204,209,213,217,221,226,231,236,241,245,249],{"id":173,"year":174,"html":175,"doi":11},16103884,1827,"Haidinger, W. (1827): On the crystalline Forms and Properties of the Manganese Ores.- Edinburgh Journal of Science, IV, 41",{"id":177,"year":178,"html":179,"doi":11},16103885,1828,"Haidinger, W. (1828): Mineralogische Beschreibung der Manganerze. I. Prismatoïdisches Manganerz, Manganit. II. Pyramidales Manganerz, Hausmannit. III. Untheilbares Manganerz, Psilomelan. IV. Brachytypes Manganerz, Braunit. V. Prismatisches Manganerz, Pyrolusit.- Poggendorffs Annalen der Physik und Chemie 14, 197-211",{"id":181,"year":153,"html":182,"doi":11},16103886,"Turner, E. (1831): Chemical Examination of the Oxides of Manganese.- Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Vol. II, 143-174",{"id":184,"year":185,"html":186,"doi":11},16103887,1840,"Breithaupt in Evreinov (1840), Ann. Phys.: 49: 204.",{"id":188,"year":189,"html":190,"doi":11},520809,1938,"Switzer, George (1938) Crystallography of braunite from Nagpur, India. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  23 (10) 649-653 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM23\u002FAM23_649.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":192,"year":193,"html":194,"doi":11},1118651,1944,"Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.",{"id":196,"year":197,"html":198,"doi":11},524626,1967,"de Villiers, P. R., Herbstein, F. H. (1967) Distinction between two members of the braunite group. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  52 (1-2) 20-30 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM52\u002FAM52_20.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":200,"year":201,"html":202,"doi":203},16596174,1969,"Ramdohr, Paul (1969) \u003Ci>The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths\u003C\u002Fi>. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x'>doi:10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x",{"id":205,"year":206,"html":207,"doi":208},230946,1972,"Hewett, D. F. (1972) Manganite, hausmannite, braunite: Features, modes of Origin. \u003Ci>Economic Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  67 (1). 83-102 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.67.1.83'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.67.1.83\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.67.1.83",{"id":210,"year":211,"html":212,"doi":11},526576,1975,"de Villiers, Johan P. R. (1975) The crystal structure of braunite with reference to its solid-solution behavior. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  60 (11-12) 1098-1104 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM60\u002FAM60_1098.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":214,"year":215,"html":216,"doi":11},526773,1976,"Moore, Paul B., Araki, Takaharu (1976) Braunite: its structure and relationship to bixbyite, and some insights on the genealogy of fluorite derivative structures. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  61 (11-12) 1226-1240 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM61\u002FAM61_1226.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":218,"year":219,"html":220,"doi":11},527468,1980,"de Villiers, Johan P. R. (1980) The crystal structure of braunite II and its relation to bixbyite and braunite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  65 (7-8) 756-765 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM65\u002FAM65_756.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":222,"year":223,"html":224,"doi":225},3449,1982,"Ostwald, J. (1982) Some observations on the mineralogy and genesis of braunite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  46 (341) 506-507 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1982.046.341.20'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1982.046.341.20\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_46\u002F46-341-506.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1982.046.341.20",{"id":227,"year":228,"html":229,"doi":230},81709,1985,"MOMOI, Hitoshi, HORIKAWA, Masatomo, FUJINO, Kiyoshi (1985) Synthesis and characterization of ferrian braunite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Journal\u003C\u002Fi>,  12 (8) 367-375 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fminerj.12.367'>doi:10.2465\u002Fminerj.12.367\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fminerj.12.367",{"id":232,"year":233,"html":234,"doi":235},393315,1995,"Robie, Richard A., Huebner, J. Stephen, Hemingway, Bruce S. (1995) Heat capacities and thermodynamic properties of braunite (Mn\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>SiO\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>) and rhodonite (MnSiO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>) \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  80 (5) 560-575 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-1995-5-615'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-1995-5-615\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol80\u002FAM80_560.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-1995-5-615",{"id":237,"year":238,"html":239,"doi":240},159,1997,"Gutzmer, J., Beukes, N. J. (1997) Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of oxide-facies manganese ores of the Postmasburg manganese field, South Africa. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  61 (405) 213-231 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1997.061.405.05'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1997.061.405.05\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_61\u002F61-405-213.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1997.061.405.05",{"id":242,"year":243,"html":244,"doi":11},16103897,2000,"Marescotti, P., Frezzotti, M.L. (2000): Alteration of braunite ores from Eastern Ligeria (Italy) during syntectonic veining processes: mineralogy and fluid inclusions. European Journal of Mineralogy 12, 341-356.",{"id":246,"year":247,"html":248,"doi":11},16963355,2001,"(2001) Braunite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbraunite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":250,"year":251,"html":252,"doi":253},589111,2008,"Bevan, D. J. M., Martin, R. L. (2008) The role of the coordination defect: A new structural description of four fluorite-related sesquioxide minerals, bixbyite (Mn2O3), braunite (Mn7SiO12), braunite II (CaMn14SiO24), parwelite (Mn10Sb2As2Si2O24), and their structural relationships. \u003Ci>Journal of Solid State Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  181. 2250-2259 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2008.04.046'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2008.04.046\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2008.04.046",[255,265,272,280,284,288,296,300,307,314,322,330,336,344,353,361,369,376,383,391,399,406,413,420,428,435,441,447,454,460],{"id":256,"source_url":257,"license_code":258,"credit_html":259,"title":260,"description":261,"author":262,"original_width":263,"original_height":264},3832,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10120353","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10120353\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-21333.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is an exquisite, complete-all-around specimen composed of sharp crystals of braunite, to just over 1 cm in size. Hefty and impressive, as well! 4.5 x 4 x 2.5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",789,663,{"id":266,"source_url":267,"license_code":268,"credit_html":269,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":270,"original_height":271},29287,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116312","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116312\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,666,{"id":273,"source_url":274,"license_code":258,"credit_html":275,"title":276,"description":277,"author":262,"original_width":278,"original_height":279},3833,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157024","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157024\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-195637.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.0 x 3.6 x 1.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A brilliantly lustrous, sparkling-metallic plate composed of solid braunite on which are perched a half dozen shockingly sharp and lustrous larger crystals of braunite. The complex form of these crystals is novel, and they had to be analyzed to find out their identity (per Charlie Key, pers. comm.).\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",662,800,{"id":281,"source_url":282,"license_code":268,"credit_html":283,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":270,"original_height":271},29288,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115058","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115058\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":285,"source_url":286,"license_code":268,"credit_html":287,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":270,"original_height":271},29289,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115070","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115070\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":289,"source_url":290,"license_code":258,"credit_html":291,"title":292,"description":293,"author":294,"original_width":295,"original_height":243},36934,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6705913","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6705913\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunit - San Marcel, Piemont.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: San Marcel, Piedmont - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike)",2600,{"id":297,"source_url":298,"license_code":268,"credit_html":299,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":270,"original_height":271},29290,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115072","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115072\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":301,"source_url":302,"license_code":258,"credit_html":303,"title":304,"description":305,"author":262,"original_width":279,"original_height":306},36937,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157031","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157031\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-195642.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.0 x 5.7 x 4.4cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This large specimen features sharp, jet-black, metallic-lustre crystals of braunite, to 9mm, sharply and dramatically isolated on matrix.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",604,{"id":308,"source_url":309,"license_code":258,"credit_html":310,"title":311,"description":312,"author":262,"original_width":279,"original_height":313},36938,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157037","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157037\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-195649.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.0 x 3.2 x 1.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A sharp, isolated 8mm crystal, that is complete all around and doubly-terminated, is the highlight of this specimen. The crystal is sharp and super lustrous, quite unlike previous finds here. The crystal sits on matrix of sparkling microcrystallized braunite.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",644,{"id":315,"source_url":316,"license_code":258,"credit_html":317,"title":318,"description":319,"author":262,"original_width":320,"original_height":321},36939,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157038","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157038\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-195651.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.7 x 1.6 x 1.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A super thumbnail of competition quality for the species, featuring 2 large crystals that are doubly-terminated and 1 cm across, perched diagonally in a cluster with smaller crystals. This specimen perhaps best shows the odd modified form of these new braunites.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",766,753,{"id":323,"source_url":324,"license_code":258,"credit_html":325,"title":326,"description":327,"author":262,"original_width":328,"original_height":329},36940,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163634","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163634\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-229837.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8 x 7 x 2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A rich matrix specimen of lustrous, chisel-point Braunite crystals that range up to .8 cm in length. Most of the crystals are beautifully striated. There are Andradite Garnets lightly sprinkled on both sides of this plate. Ex. Charlie Key Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",430,500,{"id":331,"source_url":332,"license_code":258,"credit_html":333,"title":334,"description":327,"author":262,"original_width":329,"original_height":335},36941,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163635","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163635\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-229838.jpg",450,{"id":337,"source_url":338,"license_code":258,"credit_html":339,"title":340,"description":341,"author":262,"original_width":342,"original_height":343},36944,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169262","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169262\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-261462.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Oehrenstock (Öhrenstock), Schorte valley (Schurde), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIlmenau\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ilmenau\">Ilmenau\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThuringian_Forest\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Thuringian Forest\">Thuringian Forest\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThuringia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Thuringia\">Thuringia\u003C\u002Fa>, Germany (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-1831.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 11.4 x 5.8 x 5.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Sharp, lustrous, pyramidal to subhedral crystals of braunite are scattered in the vuggy matrix of massive braunite on this old-time, 19th century specimen from the historic co-Type Locality - Oehrenstock, Ilmenau, Germany. Oehrenstock is an ancient manganese mining area and this is very rich solid manganese ore. Ex. Harvard Collection with a rarely preserved original museum label, and then the George Elling Collection. Weighs 847 grams or nearly 1.9 pounds.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",684,578,{"id":345,"source_url":346,"license_code":258,"credit_html":347,"title":348,"description":349,"author":350,"original_width":351,"original_height":352},36948,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147232305","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147232305\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Mn-Phyllit, Braunit (OM1-019A).JPG","Mn-\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPhyllite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Phyllite\">Phyllite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Prabornaz, Aosta Valley, Piedmont, Italy\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Weight: 71,5 g\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","HolDu",5184,3262,{"id":354,"source_url":355,"license_code":258,"credit_html":356,"title":357,"description":358,"author":262,"original_width":359,"original_height":360},11032,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=42460421","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=42460421\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite Crystals with Hedyphane.jpg","Braunite, Hedyphane\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Dimensions: 8.5 x 6.0 x 5.0 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: A cabinet specimen consisting of large, lustrous, gray-black braunite crystals to 1.5cm from Nordmark, Sweden, set within a contrasting fine-grained, granular quartz fracture filling on braunite ore. Hedyphane, a lead chloroarsenate, also occurs within the quartz as yellow-brown, bladed to lamellar crystals to 2mm. This piece is accompanied by a J. Cilen label. From Langban, Filipstad, Varmland, Sweden. These crystals are large for the locality and the species. Ex. Paulo Matioli collection\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",4221,3215,{"id":362,"source_url":363,"license_code":364,"credit_html":365,"title":366,"description":367,"author":368,"original_width":279,"original_height":279},36932,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955998","Public domain","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1955998\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite Manganese oxide and silicate Kuratomi Mine, Tsukumi-shi, Oita-ken, Kyushu, Japan 2382.jpg","These mineral images are free to use how you wish.","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com",{"id":370,"source_url":371,"license_code":258,"credit_html":372,"title":373,"description":374,"author":262,"original_width":375,"original_height":279},3834,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157029","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157029\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-195641.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.9 x 2.1 x 1.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This toenail-sized specimen, properly a small miniature, is a solid cluster of these cogwheel-like, super-lustrous, jet black crystals (to 4mm) in a cluster.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",628,{"id":377,"source_url":378,"license_code":258,"credit_html":379,"title":380,"description":381,"author":262,"original_width":329,"original_height":382},3836,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177674","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177674\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-II-272653.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.9 x 2.4 x 1.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A splendid and rich matrix specimen of lustrous wedge-shaped Braunite-II crystals that range up to .8 cm in length. Most of the crystals are smooth (unusual), lustrous, and well-terminated. Four of the sides of the specimen are richly coated with sparkling little Andradites and there are many sprinkled among the Braunites, as well. An aesthetic and superb example of this very rare species (noted as Braunite-II according to the experts to distinguish it crystallographically from Braunite from other locales. This material is very interesting). Ex. Charlie Key.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",488,{"id":384,"source_url":385,"license_code":258,"credit_html":386,"title":387,"description":388,"author":262,"original_width":389,"original_height":390},32932,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10150778","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10150778\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-Andradite-174175.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Andradite\">Andradite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.9 x 3.1 x 1.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Splendent black braunite crystals up to 1cm in length are complimented by reddish-orange andradite garnet in this matrix specimen. Ex. Willy Israel Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",700,527,{"id":392,"source_url":393,"license_code":258,"credit_html":394,"title":395,"description":396,"author":262,"original_width":397,"original_height":398},36935,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10152194","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10152194\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-Richterite-178751.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRichterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Richterite\">Richterite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FL%C3%A5ngban\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Långban\">Långban\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFilipstad\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Filipstad\">Filipstad\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FV%C3%A4rmland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Värmland\">Värmland\u003C\u002Fa>, Sweden (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3167.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.3 x 4.9 x 3.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An old-time, very rare and superb combination piece from the world famous Langban deposit of Sweden. Sharp, lustrous, gray braunite crystals to 7 mm are richly and aesthetically invested on both sides of the contrasting, very vuggy matrix of solid crystallized richterite. The richterites on this fabulous and classic piece are very highly lustrous and many of the crystals are gemmy. Ex. George English and University of Chicago Collections.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,493,{"id":400,"source_url":401,"license_code":258,"credit_html":402,"title":403,"description":404,"author":262,"original_width":405,"original_height":329},3838,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177825","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177825\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-II-289966.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.2 x 3.1 x 2.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A splendid and rich matrix specimen of lustrous wedge-shaped Braunite-II crystals that range up to 8mm in length. Most of the crystals are smooth (unusual), lustrous, and well-terminated with a chisel point. Aesthetic and superb example of this very rare species in a unique habit found only here (noted as Braunite-II according to the experts to distinguish it crystallographically from the Braunite of other locales. Ex. Charlie Key.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",397,{"id":407,"source_url":408,"license_code":258,"credit_html":409,"title":410,"description":411,"author":262,"original_width":329,"original_height":412},36936,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10153054","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10153054\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-Andradite-180784.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Andradite\">Andradite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.7 x 4.8 x 1.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A splendid and rich matrix specimen of lustrous chisel-point Braunite crystals that range up to 1 cm in length. Most of the crystals are beautifully striated and well-terminated. The bottom of the specimen is completely coated with Andradite Garnets, and there are many sprinkled on the Braunites, as well. Ex. Charlie Key.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",375,{"id":414,"source_url":415,"license_code":258,"credit_html":416,"title":417,"description":404,"author":262,"original_width":418,"original_height":419},3839,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177826","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177826\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-II-289967.jpg",465,349,{"id":421,"source_url":422,"license_code":258,"credit_html":423,"title":424,"description":425,"author":262,"original_width":426,"original_height":427},36073,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157035","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157035\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-Bixbyite-195647.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBixbyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bixbyite\">Bixbyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.5 x 4.6 x 2.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very rich specimen with these sharp new braunites (to 4 mm), of incredible lustre and brightness, surrounding sharp bixbyite crystals to 6mm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,311,{"id":429,"source_url":430,"license_code":258,"credit_html":431,"title":432,"description":433,"author":262,"original_width":329,"original_height":434},36942,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167542","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167542\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-Andradite-251452.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Andradite\">Andradite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.4 x 4.3 x 2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An exemplary plate of superb, lustrous Braunite crystals, accented by euhedral red-orange Andradite Garnets. The Braunites are super-sharp, range up to .6 cm long, and have a mirror-like luster. The numerous Andradites are about 1-1.5 mm in size, and add a stunning contrast to the dark mettalic Braunites. Without a doubt, a rare combination that is intellectually interesting and good for the species. Ex. Charlie Key.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",497,{"id":436,"source_url":437,"license_code":258,"credit_html":438,"title":439,"description":433,"author":262,"original_width":329,"original_height":440},36943,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167543","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167543\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-Andradite-251453.jpg",477,{"id":442,"source_url":443,"license_code":258,"credit_html":444,"title":445,"description":381,"author":262,"original_width":329,"original_height":446},3837,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177675","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177675\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-II-272654.jpg",494,{"id":448,"source_url":449,"license_code":258,"credit_html":450,"title":451,"description":452,"author":262,"original_width":397,"original_height":453},8520,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10138412","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10138412\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Winchite-Braunite-112568.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWinchite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Winchite\">Winchite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBraunite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Braunite\">Braunite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Kajlidongri mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJhabua_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Jhabua District\">Jhabua District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMadhya_Pradesh\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Madhya Pradesh\">Madhya Pradesh\u003C\u002Fa>, India (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-10221.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Embedded crystals of a deep royal-purple amphibole are here embedded in a massively hefty braunite matrix, something I had not seen before from India. VERY unusual material and occurrence! 5 x 4.6 x 3 cm These violet amphiboles has incorrectly been labeled parvowinchite and winchite. These amphiboles are zoned, but the majority of analysed samples have been magnesio-arfvedsonite. An analysis of this specimen may reveal additional amphibole species.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",526,{"id":455,"source_url":456,"license_code":258,"credit_html":457,"title":458,"description":425,"author":262,"original_width":279,"original_height":459},36072,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157034","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157034\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Braunite-Bixbyite-195645.jpg",688,{"id":461,"source_url":462,"license_code":463,"credit_html":464,"title":465,"description":466,"author":467,"original_width":468,"original_height":469},81372,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=104977701","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=104977701\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sugilite-braunite (Hotazel Formation, Paleoproterozoic, 2.2-2.3 Ga; Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape Province, South Africa) 3.jpg","Interlayered manganoan sugilite and braunite from the Precambrian of South Africa.\n\u003Cp>Manganoan sugilite is a rare, moderately complex silicate mineral (KNa2(Fe,Mn,Al)2Li3Si12O30 - potassium sodium iron manganese aluminum lithium silicate).  This rock comes from South Africa's Kalahari Manganese Field, where sugilite has an intensely deep purple color.  The material ranges from well crystallized to massive and cryptocrystalline.  It forms part of a skarn, the result of metasomatism by hydrothermal fluids moving through sedimentary manganese oxide rocks of the Hotazel Formation.  This sample has sugilite interlayered with black, massive braunite, a silicated manganese oxide mineral (Mn+2(Mn+3)6O8SiO4).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Stratigraphy: Hotazel Formation, uppermost Transvaal Supergroup, Paleoproterozoic, 2.2 to 2.3 Ga.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Wessels Mine, northwest of the town of Hotazel, ~80 kilometers northwest of the town of Kuruman, Kalari Manganese Field, Kalahari Desert, Northern Cape Province, northern South Africa\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Some info. from:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nShigley, J.E., J.I. Koivula & C.W. Fryer.  1987.  The occurrence and gemological properties of Wessels Mine sugilite.  Gems & Gemology 23(2): 78-89.","James St. John",2180,1508,[471,478,483,487],{"id":472,"url":473,"label":474,"formula":475,"spacegroup":476,"year":477},1844,"\u002Fcif\u002F1844.cif","Miletich 1998","Mn7 Si O12","I 41\u002Fa c d",1998,{"id":479,"url":480,"label":481,"formula":482,"spacegroup":476,"year":219},1851,"\u002Fcif\u002F1851.cif","de 1980","Ca (Mn11.62 Fe2.38) Si O24",{"id":484,"url":485,"label":486,"formula":475,"spacegroup":476,"year":215},1852,"\u002Fcif\u002F1852.cif","Moore 1976",{"id":488,"url":489,"label":490,"formula":491,"spacegroup":476,"year":211},1853,"\u002Fcif\u002F1853.cif","de 1975","Mn6.68 Mg.13 Ca.01 Fe.18 Si O12",[493,494,495,496,497,498,499,500,501,502,503,504,505],"Brachytypous Manganese-Ore","Braunit-I","Braunite (of Haidinger)","Braunite-I","Hartbraunstein","Heteroclase","Heteroclin","Heteroklin","Leptonematite (of Adam)","Marceline","Pesillit","Pesillita","Pesillite",[507,511,515,519,522,526,529,533,537,541,544,548,552,555,558,561,564,568,572,576,579,582,585,589,592,595,599,602,606,610,613,616,620,623,626,629,632,635,639,643,646],{"lang":508,"names":509},"ar",[510],"براونيت",{"lang":512,"names":513},"az",[514],"Braunit",{"lang":516,"names":517},"be",[518],"браўніт",{"lang":520,"names":521},"bs",[514],{"lang":523,"names":524},"ca",[525],"braunita",{"lang":527,"names":528},"de",[514],{"lang":530,"names":531},"el",[532],"Μπραουνίτης",{"lang":534,"names":535},"es",[536,504],"Braunita",{"lang":538,"names":539},"et",[540],"brauniit",{"lang":542,"names":543},"eu",[536],{"lang":545,"names":546},"fa",[547],"برونیت",{"lang":549,"names":550},"fi",[551],"brauniitti",{"lang":553,"names":554},"fr",[7],{"lang":556,"names":557},"hr",[514],{"lang":559,"names":560},"hu",[514],{"lang":562,"names":563},"it",[7,496],{"lang":565,"names":566},"ja",[567],"ブラウン鉱",{"lang":569,"names":570},"kk",[571],"Браунит",{"lang":573,"names":574},"kk-arab",[575],"براۋنىيت",{"lang":577,"names":578},"kk-cn",[575],{"lang":580,"names":581},"kk-cyrl",[571],{"lang":583,"names":584},"kk-kz",[571],{"lang":586,"names":587},"kk-latn",[588],"Brawnït",{"lang":590,"names":591},"kk-tr",[588],{"lang":593,"names":594},"ky",[571],{"lang":596,"names":597},"lt",[598],"Braunitas",{"lang":600,"names":601},"mk",[571],{"lang":603,"names":604},"nb",[605],"braunitt",{"lang":607,"names":608},"nl",[609],"Brauniet",{"lang":611,"names":612},"nn",[605],{"lang":614,"names":615},"pl",[514],{"lang":617,"names":618},"ru",[619],"браунит",{"lang":621,"names":622},"sh",[514],{"lang":624,"names":625},"sr",[571],{"lang":627,"names":628},"sr-ec",[571],{"lang":630,"names":631},"sr-el",[514],{"lang":633,"names":634},"sv",[514],{"lang":636,"names":637},"ta",[638],"பிரவுனைட்டு",{"lang":640,"names":641},"uk",[642],"брауніт",{"lang":644,"names":645},"uz",[514],{"lang":647,"names":648},"zh",[649,650],"褐錳礦","褐锰矿","Q413391",{"history":11,"applications":11}]