[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:811":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":22,"key_elements":23,"impurities":11,"cim":24,"ima_status":25,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":28,"strunz10ed1":29,"strunz10ed2":30,"strunz10ed3":31,"strunz10ed4":32,"dana8ed1":33,"dana8ed2":34,"dana8ed3":35,"dana8ed4":34,"csystem":36,"cclass":37,"spacegroup":38,"spacegroupset":39,"a":40,"b":39,"c":41,"alpha":39,"beta":39,"gamma":39,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":42,"z":43,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":44,"tlform":11,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":39,"vhnmax":39,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":39,"dmeas2":39,"dcalc":39,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":46,"lustretype":46,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":47,"streak":48,"colour":49,"commentcolor":11,"colors":50,"streak_colors":52,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":11,"cleavagetype":11,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":53,"opticalsign":54,"opticalalpha":39,"opticalalpha2":39,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":39,"opticalbeta2":39,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":39,"opticalgamma2":39,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":55,"opticalomega2":39,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":56,"opticalepsilon2":39,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":39,"opticaln2":39,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":39,"optical2vcalc2":39,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":39,"optical2vmeasured2":39,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":57,"rimax":58,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":59,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":60,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":61,"description_short":62,"aboutname":63,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":64,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":65,"group_members":66,"associates":67,"confused_with":68,"type_localities":77,"occurrence_total":84,"citations":85,"images":148,"structures":200,"synonyms":222,"language_names":225,"wikidata_qid":249,"texts":250},811,"1:1:811:4","19248b7a-230e-4de9-8afa-31c2f68bab20","Buttgenbachite","Bba",0,"mineral",null,373,false,"Cu\u003Csub>19\u003C\u002Fsub>(NO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>32\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Cu\u003Csub>36\u003C\u002Fsub>(NO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>62\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[17,18,19,20,21],"Cl","Cu","N","O","H",[17,18,19,20,21],[17,18,19],"13.7",[26,27],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1925","3","D","A","25","19","1","2","Hexagonal",20,126,"0","15.75","9.161",1968.04,1,"Crystals acicular [0001] and striated [0001]; radiating groups of needles; felted aggregates.",3,"Vitreous","Translucent","Light blue","Deep blue; blue in transmitted light.",[51],"blue",[51],"Uniaxial","+","1.738","1.752",1.738,1.752,"Non-pleochroic","Soluble in acids and in ammonium hydroxide. Insoluble in water.","Laboratory of Mineralogy, University of Liège.","Connellite-Buttgenbachite Series.\r\n\r\nA very rare secondary copper mineral.","Named in 1925 by A. Schoep for Henri Buttgenbach (Verviers, Liège province, Belgium February 5, 1874 - Sint-Pieters-Woluwe, Brussels, April 29, 1964), a Belgian mineralogist. He worked in Congo, and from 1921 on was a professor at the University of Liège. He described several minerals and wrote 'Les minéraux de Belgique et de Congo Belge', a reference work.","2026-04-18 16:10:48",[],[],[],[69],{"id":70,"name":71,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":72,"mindat_formula":73,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":74,"dcalc":75,"primary_image_id":76},1120,"Connellite","Cu\u003Csub>36\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>62\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub> · 6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Cu\u003Csub>19\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>32\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.36","3.46",6158,[78],{"id":79,"txt":80,"latitude":81,"longitude":82,"country":83},4330,"Likasi Mine, Likasi, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo",-11.0041667,26.7427778,"DR Congo",16,[86,90,94,97,101,105,110,114,118,123,128,132,136,140,144],{"id":87,"year":88,"html":89,"doi":11},16104207,1890,"Penfield (1890) American Journal of Science: 40: 82.",{"id":91,"year":92,"html":93,"doi":11},16104208,1925,"Schoep, A. (1925) Sur la buttgenbachite, nouveau minéral. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, 181, 421-423.",{"id":95,"year":92,"html":96,"doi":11},16104209,"Schoep, A. (1925) Bulletin de la Société Chimique de Belgique, vol. 34, 313.",{"id":98,"year":99,"html":100,"doi":11},16104210,1926,"Foshag, W.F. (1926) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 11, 216-220.",{"id":102,"year":103,"html":104,"doi":11},519604,1927,"Foshag, W.F. (1927) New Mineral Names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  12 (10). 379-380 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM12\u002FAM12_379.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":106,"year":107,"html":108,"doi":109},4349,1950,"Bannister, F. A., Hey, Max H., Claringbull, G. F. (1950) Connellite, buttgenbachite, and tallingite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  29 (211) 280-286 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1950.029.211.04'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1950.029.211.04\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_29\u002F29-211-280.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1950.029.211.04",{"id":111,"year":112,"html":113,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":115,"year":116,"html":117,"doi":11},16104214,1952,"Mélon, J. and Toussaint, J. (1952) La buttgenbachite de Likasi (Congo belge). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de Belgique 75, 293-296. (in French).",{"id":119,"year":120,"html":121,"doi":122},6686,1973,"Fanfani, L., Nunzi, A., Zanazzi, P. F., Zanzari, A. R. (1973) The crystal structure of buttgenbachite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  39 (303) 264-270 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1973.039.303.02'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1973.039.303.02\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_39\u002F39-303-264.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1973.039.303.02",{"id":124,"year":125,"html":126,"doi":127},149413,2002,"Hibbs, David E., Leverett, Peter, Williams, Peter A. (2002) Buttgenbachite from Bisbee, Arizona, USA: a single-crystal X-ray study. \u003Ci>Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte\u003C\u002Fi>,  2002 (5) 225-240 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002F0028-3649\u002F2002\u002F2002-0225'>doi:10.1127\u002F0028-3649\u002F2002\u002F2002-0225\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002F0028-3649\u002F2002\u002F2002-0225",{"id":129,"year":125,"html":130,"doi":131},2422296,"Frost, Ray L., Williams, Peter A., Martens, Wayde, Kloprogge, J. Theo (2002) Raman spectroscopy of the polyanionic copper(II) minerals buttgenbachite and connellite: implications for studies of ancient copper objects and bronzes. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 33 (9). 752-757 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.917'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.917\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.917",{"id":133,"year":134,"html":135,"doi":11},16104218,2003,"Hibbs, D.E., Leverett, P., Williams, P.A. (2003). Connellite-buttgenbachite from the Great Australia mine, Cloncurry: a crystal structural formula. Australian Journal Of Mineralogy, 9(1), 39-42.",{"id":137,"year":134,"html":138,"doi":139},243410,"Hibbs, D. E., Leverett, P., Williams, P. A. (2003) A single crystal X-ray study of a sulphate-bearing buttgenbachite, Cu\u003Csub>36\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>7.8\u003C\u002Fsub>(NO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>1.3\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>0.35\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>62.2\u003C\u002Fsub>.5.2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O, and a re-examination of the crystal chemistry of the buttgenbachite-connellite series. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  67 (1) 47-60 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002F0026461036710083'>doi:10.1180\u002F0026461036710083\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002F0026461036710083",{"id":141,"year":142,"html":143,"doi":11},16963426,2005,"(2005) Buttgenbachite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fbuttgenbachite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":145,"year":146,"html":147,"doi":11},16861712,2007,"Leverett, P.; Williams, P. A.; Hibbs, D. E. (2007) Buttgenbachite from Cornwall: a single-crystal X-ray study. \u003Ci>Journal of the Russell Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  10. 47-50",[149,159,169,176,184,190],{"id":150,"source_url":151,"license_code":152,"credit_html":153,"title":154,"description":155,"author":156,"original_width":157,"original_height":158},4221,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=66681721","CC BY-SA 4.0","David Hospital, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=66681721\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Buttgenbachite.jpg","Small but perfect crystal of the extremely rare mineral buttgenbachite from the type locality (Likasi mine, Likasi, Katanga, Congo (Democratic Republic) (former Zaire)).","David Hospital",538,667,{"id":160,"source_url":161,"license_code":162,"credit_html":163,"title":164,"description":165,"author":166,"original_width":167,"original_height":168},4222,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=114900845","CC BY-SA 3.0","Leon Hupperichs, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=114900845\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Buttgenbachite-481250.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButtgenbachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Buttgenbachite\">Buttgenbachite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Likasi Mine (Panda Mine), Likasi, Kambove District, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Field of view 3 mm. Specimen and photo Leon Hupperichs\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Leon Hupperichs",1066,955,{"id":170,"source_url":171,"license_code":162,"credit_html":172,"title":173,"description":174,"author":166,"original_width":175,"original_height":168},4223,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=114900939","Leon Hupperichs, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=114900939\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Buttgenbachite-481252.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButtgenbachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Buttgenbachite\">Buttgenbachite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Likasi Mine (Panda Mine), Likasi, Kambove District, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Field of view 7 mm. Specimen and photo Leon Hupperichs\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",1184,{"id":177,"source_url":178,"license_code":162,"credit_html":179,"title":180,"description":181,"author":182,"original_width":183,"original_height":168},4224,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=114916436","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=114916436\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Buttgenbachite-734491.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButtgenbachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Buttgenbachite\">Buttgenbachite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: White Pine Mine, White Pine, Ontonagon Co., Michigan, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6,8 cm × 6,2 cm × 2,4 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Buttgenbachite is a very rare secondary copper mineral. Here, the greenish-blue buttgenbachite appears to be coating a dark-gray, bladed unknown. The specimen is richly coated, and a good piece for this rare species. Associated are several razor-sharp, translucent to gemmy calcites, the largest of which is about 2 cm overall. The buttgenbachite is identified from the accompanying label. Mindat does not list the species for this locality.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",920,{"id":185,"source_url":186,"license_code":162,"credit_html":187,"title":188,"description":181,"author":182,"original_width":189,"original_height":168},4225,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=114916441","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=114916441\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Buttgenbachite-734490.jpg",1068,{"id":191,"source_url":192,"license_code":193,"credit_html":194,"title":195,"description":196,"author":197,"original_width":198,"original_height":199},4226,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130429095","CC BY 4.0","Henk Smeets – tomeikminerals.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130429095\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Buttgenbachite Likasi Hannut 4mm-2.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButtgenbachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Buttgenbachite\">Buttgenbachite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Field of view: 4 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Likasi Mine (TL), Kambove District, Haut-Katanga, Congo\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Henk Smeets – tomeikminerals.com",1920,1280,[201,207,212,217],{"id":202,"url":203,"label":204,"formula":205,"spacegroup":206,"year":134},2068,"\u002Fcif\u002F2068.cif","Hibbs 2003 · Cu18 Cl3.9 O36.36 N.66 S.18 H34.32","Cu18 Cl3.9 O36.36 N.66 S.18 H34.32","P 63\u002Fm m c",{"id":208,"url":209,"label":210,"formula":211,"spacegroup":206,"year":134},2069,"\u002Fcif\u002F2069.cif","Hibbs 2003 · Cu18 Cl3.9 O34.11 N.66 S.18 H32.07","Cu18 Cl3.9 O34.11 N.66 S.18 H32.07",{"id":213,"url":214,"label":215,"formula":216,"spacegroup":206,"year":125},2070,"\u002Fcif\u002F2070.cif","Hibbs 2002","Cu18 Cl4 O37.2 N.5 H35.4",{"id":218,"url":219,"label":220,"formula":221,"spacegroup":206,"year":120},2071,"\u002Fcif\u002F2071.cif","Fanfani 1973","Cu18.3 Cl3.35 N1.3 O36.9 H33",[223,224],"Buttgenbachiet","buttgenbackite",[226,230,234,238,241,245],{"lang":227,"names":228},"ca",[229],"buttgenbachita",{"lang":231,"names":232},"de",[233],"Buttgenbachit",{"lang":235,"names":236},"eu",[237],"Buttgenbachita",{"lang":239,"names":240},"it",[7],{"lang":242,"names":243},"pl",[244],"buttgenbachit",{"lang":246,"names":247},"zh",[248],"毛青铜矿","Q3647740",{"history":11,"applications":11}]