[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:917":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":19,"key_elements":20,"impurities":21,"cim":22,"ima_status":23,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":26,"strunz10ed1":27,"strunz10ed2":28,"strunz10ed3":29,"strunz10ed4":30,"dana8ed1":27,"dana8ed2":27,"dana8ed3":31,"dana8ed4":32,"csystem":33,"cclass":34,"spacegroup":35,"spacegroupset":36,"a":37,"b":36,"c":38,"alpha":36,"beta":36,"gamma":36,"aerror":39,"berror":11,"cerror":40,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":41,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":42,"tranglide":11,"parting":43,"epitaxidescription":44,"morphology":45,"tlform":11,"hmin":46,"hmax":47,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":48,"vhnmax":49,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":50,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":51,"dmeas2":52,"dcalc":53,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":54,"lustretype":55,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":56,"streak":57,"colour":58,"commentcolor":11,"colors":59,"streak_colors":67,"luminescence":11,"uv":68,"cleavage":69,"cleavagetype":70,"fracturetype":71,"tenacity":72,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":73,"opticalsign":74,"opticalalpha":36,"opticalalpha2":36,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":36,"opticalbeta2":36,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":36,"opticalgamma2":36,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":75,"opticalomega2":76,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":77,"opticalepsilon2":78,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":36,"opticaln2":36,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":36,"optical2vcalc2":36,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":36,"optical2vmeasured2":79,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":80,"rimax":81,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":82,"opticalpleochorismdesc":83,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":84,"opticalcolour":85,"opticalinternal":86,"opticaltropic":87,"opticalanisotropism":88,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":89,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":90,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":91,"aboutname":92,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":93,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":94,"group_members":108,"associates":152,"confused_with":325,"type_localities":327,"occurrence_total":328,"citations":329,"images":389,"structures":756,"synonyms":777,"language_names":798,"wikidata_qid":1038,"texts":1039},917,"1:1:917:7","e022653d-c8b2-4498-8bcd-94ae84134e7a","Cassiterite","Cst",0,"mineral",null,29330,46866,false,"SnO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",[17,18],"Sn","O",[17,18],[17],",Fe,Ta,Nb,Zn,W,Mn,Sc,Ge,In,Ga,,","7.11.2",[24,25],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1832","4","D","B","05","1","5","Tetragonal",27,190,"0","4.7382","3.1871",4,1,2,"1. On {011}, very common. Both contact and penetration twins; often repeated producing complex forms. Stellate fivelings at times. 2. Reported on {031}.","More or less distinct on {111} or {011}.","Oriented overgrowths of cassiterite on nordenskiöldine; oriented growths of quartz on cassiterite.","Untwinned crystals usually short prismatic [001] with {110} and {100} prominent. Long prismatic at times, or with acute terminations. Less commonly pyramidal. Faces {001} and {110} frequently uneven; faces in zone [10_1] and in zone [001] often striated parallel to their intersections. Fibrous, botryoidal crusts or concretionary masses. Granular, coarse to fine.",6,7,"1239","1467",200,"6.98","7.01","6.993","Adamantine, Metallic","Adamantine,Greasy,Sub-Metallic","Transparent,Translucent,Opaque","Brownish white, white, greyish","Black, yellow, brown, red, white, colourless.",[60,61,62,63,64,65,66],"black","brown","yellow","red","white","colorless","gray",[61,64,66],"Cassiterite will rarely show fluorescence, and only under SW UV, showing a yellow glow.\r\n\r\nSee the caption and the child photos of:\r\n\r\nhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fphoto-693927.html\r\n\r\nhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fphoto-583447.html \r\n\r\nhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fphoto-915970.html\r\n\r\nSee also: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fluomin.org\u002Fuk\u002Ffiche.php?id=277","{100} imperfect, {110} indistinct.","Imperfect\u002FFair","Irregular\u002FUneven,Sub-Conchoidal","brittle","Uniaxial","+","1.99","2.01","2.093","2.1","38",1.99,2.1,"Weak","Pleochroic haloes have been observed. Dichroic in yellow, green, red, brown, usually weak, or absent, but strong at times.","Anomalously biaxial.","Light gray","white to brownish","Anisotropic","Strong","(11.7,13.2) 400,\r\n(11.6,13.0) 420,\r\n(11.5,12.8) 440,\r\n(11.4,12.6) 460,\r\n(11.3,12.5) 480,\r\n(11.2,12.4) 500,\r\n(11.0,12.2) 520,\r\n(11.0,12.1) 540,\r\n(10.9,12.0) 560,\r\n(10.9,12.0) 580,\r\n(10.8,12.0) 600,\r\n(10.8,12.0) 620,\r\n(10.7,12.0) 640,\r\n(10.7,12.0) 660,\r\n(10.6,12.0) 680,\r\n(10.6,12.0) 700","In medium- to high-temperature hydrothermal veins and greisens, alluvial placers.","The primary ore of Tin. This mineral is found in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites associated with granite intrusions. Because of its durability, it is also frequently found concentrated in alluvial placer deposits, sometimes in large enough quantities...","The mineral name is derived from the term “Cassiterides” which was applied to 'islands off the western coast of Europe' in pre-Roman times. The exact location of these 'islands' has been hotly debated over the years. Current thought is that the source was probably mainland Spain and that even 2000 years ago, traders had a habit of providing misleading locality information to protect their sources.","2026-04-18 20:17:40",[95,98,102,105],{"id":96,"name":97,"entrytype":41,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},46213,"Dough tin",{"id":99,"name":100,"entrytype":41,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":11,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":101},22168,"Needle Tin",70275,{"id":103,"name":104,"entrytype":41,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":11,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":36,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},9050,"Toad's Eye Tin",{"id":106,"name":107,"entrytype":41,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":36,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},4313,"Wood 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· 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(C\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",1.5,"2.28","2.307",11719,{"id":250,"name":251,"entrytype":9,"csystem":164,"ima_formula":252,"mindat_formula":252,"hmin":253,"hmax":125,"dmeas":254,"dcalc":255,"primary_image_id":256},1962,"Hydroxylherderite","CaBe(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)",5,"2.95","3.00",12013,{"id":258,"name":259,"entrytype":9,"csystem":180,"ima_formula":260,"mindat_formula":261,"hmin":39,"hmax":39,"dmeas":262,"dcalc":263,"primary_image_id":11},2420,"Lithiophosphate","Li\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","Li\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.46","2.479",{"id":265,"name":266,"entrytype":9,"csystem":164,"ima_formula":267,"mindat_formula":268,"hmin":269,"hmax":39,"dmeas":270,"dcalc":175,"primary_image_id":271},2552,"Malayaite","CaSnO(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","CaSn(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)O",3.5,"4.3",15214,{"id":273,"name":274,"entrytype":9,"csystem":156,"ima_formula":275,"mindat_formula":275,"hmin":125,"hmax":46,"dmeas":276,"dcalc":277,"primary_image_id":278},2763,"Montebrasite","LiAl(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)","2.98","3.03",30215,{"id":280,"name":281,"entrytype":9,"csystem":164,"ima_formula":282,"mindat_formula":282,"hmin":182,"hmax":182,"dmeas":283,"dcalc":284,"primary_image_id":285},3232,"Plagionite","Pb\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Sb\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>17\u003C\u002Fsub>","5.54","5.55",19559,{"id":287,"name":288,"entrytype":9,"csystem":289,"ima_formula":290,"mindat_formula":291,"hmin":134,"hmax":47,"dmeas":292,"dcalc":293,"primary_image_id":294},3255,"Pollucite","Isometric","Cs(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Cs,Na)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>)·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.68","2.94",19727,{"id":296,"name":297,"entrytype":9,"csystem":180,"ima_formula":298,"mindat_formula":299,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":300,"dcalc":301,"primary_image_id":302},3302,"Pseudobrookite","(Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ti)O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ti\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.33","4.39",20077,{"id":304,"name":305,"entrytype":9,"csystem":33,"ima_formula":306,"mindat_formula":306,"hmin":221,"hmax":253,"dmeas":307,"dcalc":308,"primary_image_id":309},3560,"Scheelite","Ca(WO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","6.1","6.09",21729,{"id":311,"name":312,"entrytype":9,"csystem":289,"ima_formula":313,"mindat_formula":314,"hmin":39,"hmax":221,"dmeas":315,"dcalc":316,"primary_image_id":317},3573,"Schoenfliesite","MgSn(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>","Mg[Sn(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>]","3.32","3.483",21791,{"id":319,"name":320,"entrytype":9,"csystem":156,"ima_formula":321,"mindat_formula":322,"hmin":221,"hmax":221,"dmeas":323,"dcalc":324,"primary_image_id":11},4192,"Vistepite","Mn\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>SnB\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","SnMn\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>B\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.67","3.70",[326],{"id":139,"name":140,"entrytype":9,"csystem":33,"ima_formula":141,"mindat_formula":141,"hmin":46,"hmax":134,"dmeas":142,"dcalc":143,"primary_image_id":144},[],5071,[330,334,339,343,348,352,356,361,366,371,376,380,384],{"id":331,"year":332,"html":333,"doi":11},16771984,1797,"Klaproth, M. H. (1797) Untersuchung der Zinnsteine. In \u003Ci>Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 2. Rottmann, Berlin. p.245-256.",{"id":335,"year":336,"html":337,"doi":338},399592,1888,"Bourgeois, Léon (1888) Sur la présence de la cassitérite dans les scories de la fonte du bronze et sur une nouvelle méthode de reproduction de cette espèce minérale. \u003Ci>Bulletin de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fi>,  11 (2) 58-61 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1888.3160'>doi:10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1888.3160\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1888.3160",{"id":340,"year":341,"html":342,"doi":11},1118651,1944,"Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.",{"id":344,"year":345,"html":346,"doi":347},16596174,1969,"Ramdohr, Paul (1969) \u003Ci>The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths\u003C\u002Fi>. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x'>doi:10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x",{"id":349,"year":350,"html":351,"doi":11},16104839,1971,"Hall, M.R., Ribbe, P.H. (1971) An electron microprobe study of luminescence centers in cassiterite. \u003Ci>The American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  56 (1-2). 31-45",{"id":353,"year":354,"html":355,"doi":11},16104840,1990,"Cecchini, A., Franzini, M., Troysi, M (1990) Memories Series A - year 1990 . \u003Ci>La Microdurezza della Cassiterite [The microhardness of cassiterite]\u003C\u002Fi>, Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali.",{"id":357,"year":358,"html":359,"doi":360},189021,1997,"Bolzan, A. A., Fong, C., Kennedy, B. J., Howard, C. J. (1997) Structural Studies of Rutile-Type Metal Dioxides. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (3) 373-380 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0108768197001468'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0108768197001468\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0108768197001468",{"id":362,"year":363,"html":364,"doi":365},16434,2001,"Maldener, J., Rauch, F., Gavranic, M., Beran, A. (2001) OH absorption coefficients of rutile and cassiterite deduced from nuclear reaction analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. \u003Ci>Mineralogy and Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  71 (1) 21-29 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs007100170043'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs007100170043\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs007100170043",{"id":367,"year":368,"html":369,"doi":370},16052495,2002,"Africano, F., Van Rompaey, G., Bernard, A., Le Guern, F (2002) Deposition of trace elements from high temperature gases of Satsuma-Iwojima volcano. \u003Ci>Earth Planets and Space\u003C\u002Fi>,  54 (3). 275-286 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002FBF03353027'>doi:10.1186\u002FBF03353027\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1186\u002FBF03353027",{"id":372,"year":373,"html":374,"doi":375},16637,2004,"Losos, Z., Beran, A. (2004) OH defects in cassiterite. \u003Ci>Mineralogy and Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  81 (3) 219-234 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00710-004-0040-x'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00710-004-0040-x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00710-004-0040-x",{"id":377,"year":378,"html":379,"doi":11},16963552,2005,"(2005) Cassiterite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fcassiterite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":381,"year":382,"html":383,"doi":11},16104842,2015,"Nespolo, Massimo, Souvignier, Bernd (2015) Structural rationale for the occurrence of the elbow twins in cassiterite and rutile. \u003Ci>Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  110. 157-165",{"id":385,"year":386,"html":387,"doi":388},17898800,2025,"Mathur, Ryan, Powell, Wayne, Yao, Junming, Guimaraes, Frederico, Cheng, Yanbo, Godfrey, Linda, Tornos, Fernando, Killick, David, Stephens, Jay, Mao, Jingwen, et al. (2025) Global Sn Isotope Compositions of Cassiterite Identify the Magmatic–Hydrothermal Evolution of Tin Ore Systems. \u003Ci>Geosciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  15 (1).  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fgeosciences15010028'>doi:10.3390\u002Fgeosciences15010028\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fgeosciences15010028",[390,397,407,417,422,430,440,445,455,461,465,474,481,490,499,508,517,525,530,537,545,552,562,570,577,586,594,601,608,615,622,629,635,644,650,657,663,669,677,685,694,701,707,714,720,726,732,738,744,751],{"id":391,"source_url":392,"license_code":393,"credit_html":394,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":395,"original_height":396},29383,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128787","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128787\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",527,1000,{"id":398,"source_url":399,"license_code":400,"credit_html":401,"title":402,"description":403,"author":404,"original_width":405,"original_height":406},38541,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1991160","Public domain","Reno Chris at English Wikipedia, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1991160\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite09.jpg","Source: Chris Ralph. This photo taken by Chris Ralph of Nevada-outback-gems.com \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fnevada-outback-gems.com\">[1]\u003C\u002Fa>, Photographer and author: photo taken by author.","Reno Chris at English Wikipedia",574,350,{"id":408,"source_url":409,"license_code":410,"credit_html":411,"title":412,"description":413,"author":414,"original_width":415,"original_height":416},4830,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6954316","CC BY-SA 3.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6954316\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite4.jpg","Cassiterite - Horní Slavkov (Schlaggenwald), Karlovy Vary Region, Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen), Czech Republic (7.4x4.5cm)","Didier Descouens",2584,2932,{"id":418,"source_url":419,"license_code":393,"credit_html":420,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":396,"original_height":421},29384,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F127788","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F127788\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",788,{"id":423,"source_url":424,"license_code":410,"credit_html":425,"title":426,"description":427,"author":414,"original_width":428,"original_height":429},38542,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6953614","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6953614\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite1.jpg","Cassiterite- Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal (8.2x5cm)",7360,6710,{"id":431,"source_url":432,"license_code":433,"credit_html":434,"title":435,"description":436,"author":437,"original_width":438,"original_height":439},4831,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8855611","CC BY 3.0","Ralph Bottrill, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8855611\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite - Mt Bischoff mine, Waratah, Tasmania, Australia.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>, 80mm plate of cassiterite and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fquartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:quartz\">quartz\u003C\u002Fa> crystals\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mt Bischoff mine, Waratah, Waratah district, Tasmania, Australia - Exposed in the Tasmanian Museum, specimen X6066\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Ralph Bottrill",1024,799,{"id":441,"source_url":442,"license_code":393,"credit_html":443,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":396,"original_height":444},29385,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F205281","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F205281\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",850,{"id":446,"source_url":447,"license_code":448,"credit_html":449,"title":450,"description":451,"author":452,"original_width":453,"original_height":454},4832,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9645092","GFDL 1.2","Alchemist-hp (talk) (www.pse-mendelejew.de), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9645092\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite bipyramids\u003C\u002Fa>, chemical formula SnO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>. locality Southeast slope Xuebaoding, Pingwu country, province Sichuan in China. Edge length ca. 30mm. Collection M.R.","Alchemist-hp (talk) (www.pse-mendelejew.de)",5616,3744,{"id":456,"source_url":457,"license_code":458,"credit_html":459,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":396,"original_height":460},29386,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F112818","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F112818\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",666,{"id":462,"source_url":463,"license_code":458,"credit_html":464,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":396,"original_height":460},29387,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F109448","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F109448\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":466,"source_url":467,"license_code":410,"credit_html":468,"title":469,"description":470,"author":471,"original_width":472,"original_height":473},38544,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10420114","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10420114\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite-19aa.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Viloco Mine (Araca mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLoayza_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Loayza Province\">Loayza Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLa_Paz_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:La Paz Department\">La Paz Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-335.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.6 x 5.4 x 2.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Cassiterite (gemmy!)\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The worlds gemmiest cassiterite crystals have, in the past, come from Viloco. Some Chinese crystals, some very few, now match them - but these have historicaly set the standard. However, specimens of this quality are now very scarce in the mineral market. This particular specimen is a cluster of lustrous, gemmy, brownish-tan cassiterite crystals to 2.2 cm in length. The crystal on the top left-hand side is not only gemmy but it is also classically twinned. A superb old specimen with no damage to the display face except at the bottom periphery and one contacted small crystal atop. Ex. Dr. Edward David Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",800,546,{"id":475,"source_url":476,"license_code":410,"credit_html":477,"title":478,"description":479,"author":471,"original_width":480,"original_height":472},38545,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450019","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450019\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite-jmix08-05a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Amo Sn deposit, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXimeng_Va_Autonomous_County\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ximeng Va Autonomous County\">Ximeng County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPu%27er_City\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pu'er City\">Pu'er Prefecture\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FYunnan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Yunnan\">Yunnan Province\u003C\u002Fa>, China (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-155682.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 2 x 2 x 0.7 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>GEM Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fdt>\n\u003Cdd>a killer thumbnail\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>If you are a thumbnail collector or collector of Chinese minerals, you will not find a better example of a Chinese gem cassiterite crystal than this one. In fact, it was the top piece of an entire lot we purchased last year. These are of course not to be confused with the far more common opaque black cassiterites from Pingwu. Here you have a deep coffee\u002Fsmoky-colored crystal that was trimmed out on just the merest bit of matrix, somehow with no damage to the crystal, which is complete and displayable from all sides. It is a true \"jewel\" for a discriminating collector. SO MUCH BETTER, even, in person! This has to be one of the best cassiterite thumbs out there. Certtainly that I have seen.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",723,{"id":482,"source_url":483,"license_code":458,"credit_html":484,"title":485,"description":486,"author":487,"original_width":488,"original_height":489},4836,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=159733224","Artyom Svetlov, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=159733224\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Moscow State University cassiterite 2025-02 1739112340.tif","cassiterite","Artyom Svetlov",2406,1615,{"id":491,"source_url":492,"license_code":410,"credit_html":493,"title":494,"description":495,"author":496,"original_width":497,"original_height":498},38546,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20842834","CarlesMillan, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=20842834\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","4447M-cassiterite.jpg","Cassiterite with muscovite from Xuebaoding, Huya, Pingwu, Mianyang, Sichuan, China. Size: 100 mm x 95 mm. Weight: 1128 g.","CarlesMillan",2756,2841,{"id":500,"source_url":501,"license_code":410,"credit_html":502,"title":503,"description":504,"author":505,"original_width":506,"original_height":507},38547,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=32921785","Rojinegro81, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=32921785\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Casiterita.JPG","Mineral de Casiterita procedente de la Mina Telamayu, \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBolivia\" title=\"Bolivia\">Bolivia\u003C\u002Fa>","Rojinegro81",2048,1536,{"id":509,"source_url":510,"license_code":393,"credit_html":511,"title":512,"description":513,"author":514,"original_width":515,"original_height":516},38549,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113716270","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113716270\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 046 - Cassitérite (Bolivie).jpg","Cassitérite, en provenance de Bolivie, au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",996,912,{"id":518,"source_url":519,"license_code":393,"credit_html":520,"title":521,"description":522,"author":514,"original_width":523,"original_height":524},38551,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113751992","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113751992\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 574 - Cassitérite (La Villeder, Morbihan, France).jpg","Cassitérite, en provenance de La Villeder (Morbihan, France), au Muséum de Nantes",4272,2848,{"id":526,"source_url":527,"license_code":393,"credit_html":528,"title":529,"description":522,"author":514,"original_width":523,"original_height":524},38552,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113751994","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113751994\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 575 - Cassitérite (La Villeder, Morbihan, France).jpg",{"id":531,"source_url":532,"license_code":393,"credit_html":533,"title":534,"description":513,"author":514,"original_width":535,"original_height":536},38553,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113752010","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113752010\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 588 - Cassitérite (Bolivie).jpg",3452,2728,{"id":538,"source_url":539,"license_code":393,"credit_html":540,"title":541,"description":542,"author":514,"original_width":543,"original_height":544},38554,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113752016","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113752016\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 593 - Cassitérite (Royaume-Uni).jpg","Cassitérite, en provenance du Royaume-Uni, au Muséum de Nantes",2920,1780,{"id":546,"source_url":547,"license_code":393,"credit_html":548,"title":549,"description":542,"author":514,"original_width":550,"original_height":551},38555,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113752017","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113752017\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 594 - Cassitérite (Royaume-Uni).jpg",3200,1920,{"id":553,"source_url":554,"license_code":555,"credit_html":556,"title":557,"description":558,"author":559,"original_width":560,"original_height":561},38557,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188200415","CC0 1.0","Slashme, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188200415\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kassiterit 32465.jpg","Cassiterite from Zinnwald, Ore mountains, Germany. 24,5 g - mm scale","Slashme",3778,4700,{"id":563,"source_url":564,"license_code":410,"credit_html":565,"title":566,"description":567,"author":471,"original_width":568,"original_height":569},23743,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456080","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456080\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite-Teallite-Wurtzite-pas-06c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTeallite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Teallite\">Teallite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWurtzite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Wurtzite\">Wurtzite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Ichocollo Mine (Ichucollo Mine; Monserrat Mine), Monserrat-Antequera district, Pazña, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPoop%C3%B3_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Poopó Province\">Poopó Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOruro_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Oruro Department\">Oruro Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-11937.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.6 x 2.8 x 3.4 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Teallite and Wurtzite on Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Collected from one of the famous Vaux expeditions of the early 1900's, this is a rare matrix teallite specimen featuring a pocket-growth teallite crystal measuring 1.3 cm long, perched safely in a protected vug of wurtzite crystals , all in a matrix of cassiterite ore. The slender yellow crystals may be greenockite but I have not had them analysed so that is a bonus,if so. Freestanding , sharp teallite crystals are very uncommon, and this is a good one as it has matrix hosting it. Teallite normally forms as foliated masses or contacted ugly lumpy pieces, so this is, for what it is, quite a beauty. According to Mindat, this was an early locality for finds of teallite and material from this district provided type specimens of the species. This locality is reported as far back as The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University, 1837-1892. As an additional note, I am pretty certain with my contacts that there have been no new finds of TEALLITE in this region despite extensive recent specimen collecting for species such as potosiite, zinkenite, and andorite which were found. MUCH BETTER IN PERSON!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,332,{"id":571,"source_url":572,"license_code":410,"credit_html":573,"title":574,"description":575,"author":471,"original_width":576,"original_height":472},28169,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441311","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441311\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite-Wodginite-md36a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWodginite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Wodginite\">Wodginite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Lavia Jabuti, Galileia, Minas Gerais, Brazil\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 2.3 x 1.6 x 0.6 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Wodginite epitaxial on Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Superb, razor-sharp, and lustrous epitaxial growth of Wodginite over Cassiterite. Aesthetic, rare, and world-class. This is an important specimen from a small find, of the early 1980's , that really surprised people. These crystals consists mainly of wodginite that has grown epitaxially over a decaying core of cassiterite that is now barely present at all. The wodginite from this find is superb - unusually lustrous and sharp compared oto the mineral from other localities. These are VERY hard to come by. I am told that the pocket was only teh size of a basketball and the find limited to some dozens of specimens. This one, at about an inch, is one of the larger pieces and is quite significant; not surprising given Marilyn's proximity to Richard Gaines who analysed them, and handled most of them at the time. 2.3 x 1.6 x 0.6 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",606,{"id":578,"source_url":579,"license_code":580,"credit_html":581,"title":582,"description":583,"author":584,"original_width":551,"original_height":585},4833,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97721441","CC BY-SA 2.0","Jan Helebrant, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97721441\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite SnO2, quartz SiO2 - Horní Slavkov, Czech Republic micro (50658061416).jpg","\u003Cp>cassiterite SnO2, quartz SiO2\nphoto taken with a digital microscope\nlocality: Horní Slavkov, Czech Republic\nphoto (c) 2020 Jan Helebrant\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.juhele.blogspot.com\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.juhele.blogspot.com\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">www.juhele.blogspot.com<\u002Fa>","Jan Helebrant",1080,{"id":587,"source_url":588,"license_code":393,"credit_html":589,"title":590,"description":591,"author":514,"original_width":592,"original_height":593},4834,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113717358","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113717358\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 064 - Cassitérite, minerai d'étain.jpg","Cassitérite, minerai d'étain, au Muséum de Nantes",2688,1432,{"id":595,"source_url":596,"license_code":393,"credit_html":597,"title":598,"description":591,"author":514,"original_width":599,"original_height":600},4835,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113717363","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113717363\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 066 - Cassitérite, minerai d'étain.jpg",2632,2028,{"id":602,"source_url":603,"license_code":393,"credit_html":604,"title":605,"description":591,"author":514,"original_width":606,"original_height":607},38550,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113717361","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113717361\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 065 - Cassitérite, minerai d'étain.jpg",1880,2012,{"id":609,"source_url":610,"license_code":410,"credit_html":611,"title":612,"description":613,"author":471,"original_width":614,"original_height":472},418,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151490","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151490\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aheylite-Cassiterite-177428.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAheylite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aheylite\">Aheylite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Huanuni mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHuanuni\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Huanuni\">Huanuni\u003C\u002Fa>, Dalence Province, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOruro_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Oruro Department\">Oruro Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-334.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.3 x 4.5 x 2.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Aheylite is all of the nearly solid covering of greenish-colored botryoidal crystal aggregates on black cassiterite, here. The small acicular crystals are a rare habit of wavellite, surprisingly (sometimes mistaken for single aheylite crystals). X-Ray confirmed. Ex. Richard Kosnar Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",646,{"id":616,"source_url":617,"license_code":410,"credit_html":618,"title":619,"description":620,"author":471,"original_width":621,"original_height":472},419,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151894","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151894\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aheylite-Cassiterite-177845.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAheylite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aheylite\">Aheylite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Huanuni mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHuanuni\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Huanuni\">Huanuni\u003C\u002Fa>, Dalence Province, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOruro_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Oruro Department\">Oruro Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-334.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.5 x 2.3 x 0.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Pastel blue, translucent, spheres to .2 cm across of the very rare phosphate, aheylite, are perched on very lustrous crystals of cassiterite, to .6 cm across, along with colorless, quartz crystals. Aheylite, a hydrated, iron, aluminum, phosphate. Ex. Brian Kosnar.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",577,{"id":623,"source_url":624,"license_code":410,"credit_html":625,"title":626,"description":627,"author":471,"original_width":568,"original_height":628},424,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457834","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457834\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aheylite-Cassiterite-rare08-2-01a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAheylite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aheylite\">Aheylite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Haununi Mine, Dalence Province, Oruro Dept., Bolivia (TYPE LOCALITY)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.3 x 4.5 x 2.8 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Aheylite on Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Aheylite is all of the nearly solid covering of greenish-colored botryoidal crystal aggregates on black cassiterite, here. The small acicular crystals are a rare habit of wavellite, surprisingly (sometimes mistaken for single aheylite crystals). Allen Heyl noticed this new species on cassiterite obtained from a small lot that Richard Kosnar had obtained from longtime sources in Bolivia, from which he has imported for some 30 years. The Kosnar family kept this specimen since, as the single richest example they had gotten, in their Bolivian collection. This remains the type and only locality for the species and I believe this to be, from the extent of my knowledge, most likely the richest specimen of the find (also making it a META-TYPE piece since it came from the same find as the type specimen, from the discoverer). XRAY confirmed. ex. Richard Kosnar Collection\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",387,{"id":630,"source_url":631,"license_code":410,"credit_html":632,"title":633,"description":627,"author":471,"original_width":634,"original_height":568},425,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457835","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10457835\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Aheylite-Cassiterite-rare08-2-01b.jpg",358,{"id":636,"source_url":637,"license_code":580,"credit_html":638,"title":639,"description":640,"author":641,"original_width":642,"original_height":643},15221,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118204964","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118204964\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Bismuthinite with Bismuth, Gold, Arsenopyrite, Marcasite, Quartz, and Cassiterite (33876006478).jpg","\u003Cp>Marcamarami Mine\nSorata, La Paz\nBolivia\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Col>\u003Cli>609\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada",4000,6000,{"id":645,"source_url":646,"license_code":410,"credit_html":647,"title":648,"description":567,"author":471,"original_width":649,"original_height":568},23742,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456079","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456079\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite-Teallite-Wurtzite-pas-06b.jpg",294,{"id":651,"source_url":652,"license_code":410,"credit_html":653,"title":654,"description":655,"author":471,"original_width":656,"original_height":472},28166,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10432305","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10432305\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite-Wodginite-sea20b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWodginite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Wodginite\">Wodginite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Lavia Jabuti, Galileia, Minas Gerais, Brazil\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 3.7 x 1.5 x 0.7 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Wodginite epitaxial on Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a superb, sharp, lustrous Wodginite specimen. Surprisingly, it turns out to be a thick coating of epitaxial Wodginite that overgrew a decaying spindle of internal Cassiterite, now almost vanished. Aesthetic, rare, and world-class. This is an important specimen from a small find of the early 1980's or late 1970s that really surprised people. The wodginite from this find is superb anyways - unusually lustrous and sharp compared to the mineral from other localities. These are very hard to come by. I am told that the pocket was only the size of a basketball and the find limited to some dozens of specimens. This one, at 3.7 cm, is one of the larger pieces and is quite significant. When these first made an appearance at major mineral shows some 35 years ago, they were a big hit with collectors because of their odd formation. Richard Gaines, a well-known collector on the East Coast at the time, had the pocket and many of the best pieces. However, John White's label notes he got this directly from Carlos Barbosa in 1978 - probably right when they came out and before their ID as an epitaxial overgrowth had been determined. Ex. John White Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",345,{"id":658,"source_url":659,"license_code":410,"credit_html":660,"title":661,"description":655,"author":471,"original_width":662,"original_height":472},28167,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10432307","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10432307\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite-Wodginite-sea20c.jpg",391,{"id":664,"source_url":665,"license_code":410,"credit_html":666,"title":667,"description":655,"author":471,"original_width":668,"original_height":472},28168,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10432308","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10432308\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite-Wodginite-sea20a.jpg",365,{"id":670,"source_url":671,"license_code":410,"credit_html":672,"title":673,"description":674,"author":471,"original_width":675,"original_height":676},28171,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464444","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464444\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite-Wodginite-t06-166a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWodginite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Wodginite\">Wodginite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Lavra Jabuti, Baixio, Minas Gerais, Brazil\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.2 x 2 x 0.6 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Wodginite and Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a superb, razor-sharp, lustrous Wodginite specimen. Surprisingly, it turns out to be a thick coating of epitaxial Wodginite that overgew a decaying spindle of internal Cassiterite, now almost vanished. Aesthetic, rare, and world-class. This is an important specimen from a small find, of the early 1980's , that really surprised people. The wodginite from this find is superb - unusually lustrous and sharp compared to the mineral from other localities. These are VERY hard to come by. I am told that the pocket was only teh size of a basketball and the find limited to some dozens of specimens. This one, at 4.2 cm, is one of the larger pieces and is quite significant When these first made an appearance at major mineral shows some 30 years ago, they were a big hit with collectors because of their odd formation. Richard Gaines, a well-known collector on the East Coast at the time, had the pocket and the best pieces. This is from his collection, with label. It then made it into the noted collection of niobium\u002Ftantalum minerals of Dr. Bruce Jarnot. Unusual, to say the least, and rarely seen in the marketplace!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",390,600,{"id":678,"source_url":679,"license_code":410,"credit_html":680,"title":681,"description":682,"author":471,"original_width":683,"original_height":684},28172,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=26133884","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=26133884\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wodginite, Cassiterite-387476.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWodginite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Wodginite\">Wodginite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Jabuti mine (Jaboti mine), São Geraldo do Baixio, Doce valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 3.0 x 1.8 x 0.8 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Superb, sharp, and lustrous epitaxial growth of wodginite over cassiterite. This is an important specimen from a small find, of the early 1980's, that really surprised people. These crystals consist mainly of wodginite that has grown epitaxially over a decaying core of twinned cassiterite that is now barely present at all. I am told that the pocket was only the size of a basketball and the find limited to some dozens of specimens. This one, at over an inch, is one of the larger pieces and is quite significant. Ex. Richard Hauck Collection # 658. Dick got this from Richard Gaines, who analyzed them, and handled most of them at the time.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",441,599,{"id":686,"source_url":687,"license_code":400,"credit_html":688,"title":689,"description":690,"author":691,"original_width":692,"original_height":693},28466,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=50616614","Samuel Wanderley, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=50616614\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Yanomamite, Scorodite, Topaz, Cassiterite, Quartz-529124.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FYanomamite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Yanomamite\">Yanomamite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FScorodite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Scorodite\">Scorodite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTopaz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Topaz\">Topaz\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Dimensions: 24 mm x 14 mm x 15 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Mangabeira deposit, Monte Alegre de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Yanomamite crystals covered with thin layer clear green Scorodite.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Cassiterite: dark brown\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Matrix: Quartz and Topaz\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Total Size: 24x14x15mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Matrix length in visual field: 20mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Arrows are used to indicate Yanomamite.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Samuel Wanderley",734,750,{"id":695,"source_url":696,"license_code":410,"credit_html":697,"title":698,"description":699,"author":471,"original_width":472,"original_height":700},57397,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159502","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159502\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Greenockite-Cassiterite-202144.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGreenockite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Greenockite\">Greenockite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Siglo Veinte Mine (Siglo XX Mine; Llallagua Mine; Catavi), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLlallagua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Llallagua\">Llallagua\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRafael_Bustillo_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rafael Bustillo Province\">Rafael Bustillo Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-336.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.1 x 5.6 x 4.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This piece has several rich pockets of dense microcrystallized orange\u002Fred greenockite, in protected cavities of cassiterite ore. A rare old-time specimen from Llallagua with rich association of the very rare cadmium sulfide greenockite. This is one of two associated specimens (perhaps once joined), that were collected during the famous 4th Vaux-Academy expedition to Bolivia in 1929-1930. Ex. Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",576,{"id":702,"source_url":703,"license_code":410,"credit_html":704,"title":705,"description":699,"author":471,"original_width":568,"original_height":706},57398,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159503","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159503\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Greenockite-Cassiterite-202145.jpg",355,{"id":708,"source_url":709,"license_code":410,"credit_html":710,"title":711,"description":712,"author":471,"original_width":472,"original_height":713},57399,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159504","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159504\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Greenockite-Cassiterite-202146.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGreenockite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Greenockite\">Greenockite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Siglo Veinte Mine (Siglo XX Mine; Llallagua Mine; Catavi), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLlallagua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Llallagua\">Llallagua\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRafael_Bustillo_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rafael Bustillo Province\">Rafael Bustillo Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-336.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.0 x 6.3 x 3.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This piece has several rich pockets of dense microcrystallized orange\u002Fred greenockite, in protected cavities of cassiterite ore. A rare old-time specimen from Llallagua with rich association of the very rare cadmium sulfide greenockite. This is one of two associated specimens (perhaps once joined), that were collected during the famous 4th Vaux-Academy expedition to Bolivia in 1929-1930. Ex. Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",578,{"id":715,"source_url":716,"license_code":410,"credit_html":717,"title":718,"description":719,"author":471,"original_width":472,"original_height":713},57403,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456323","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456323\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite-Greenockite-pas-166a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGreenockite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Greenockite\">Greenockite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Siglo Veinte Mine (Siglo XX Mine; Llallagua Mine; Catavi), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLlallagua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Llallagua\">Llallagua\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRafael_Bustillo_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rafael Bustillo Province\">Rafael Bustillo Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-336.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 8.0 x 6.3 x 3.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Greenockite on Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This piece has several rich pockets of dense microcrystallized orange\u002Fred greenockite, in protected cavities of cassiterite ore. A rare oldtime specimen from Llallagua with rich association of the very rare cadmian sulfide greenockite. I have not seen a specimen of this material for sale before, and in fact was not aware that the species had even been found here until I looked it up. This is one of two associated specimens (perhaps once joined), that were collected during the famous 4th Vaux-Academy expedition to Bolivia in 1929-1930, and comes with one of the two original labels that accompanied the box they were in all these years.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":721,"source_url":722,"license_code":410,"credit_html":723,"title":724,"description":719,"author":471,"original_width":725,"original_height":568},57404,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456324","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456324\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite-Greenockite-pas-166b.jpg",372,{"id":727,"source_url":728,"license_code":410,"credit_html":729,"title":730,"description":567,"author":471,"original_width":472,"original_height":731},82173,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456078","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456078\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite-Teallite-Wurtzite-pas-06a.jpg",547,{"id":733,"source_url":734,"license_code":410,"credit_html":735,"title":736,"description":567,"author":471,"original_width":472,"original_height":737},82175,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456083","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456083\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite-Teallite-Wurtzite-pas-06e.jpg",630,{"id":739,"source_url":740,"license_code":410,"credit_html":741,"title":742,"description":567,"author":471,"original_width":472,"original_height":743},82176,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456084","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456084\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite-Teallite-Wurtzite-pas-06f.jpg",714,{"id":745,"source_url":746,"license_code":410,"credit_html":747,"title":748,"description":749,"author":471,"original_width":750,"original_height":568},86328,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441310","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441310\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cassiterite-Wodginite-md36b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCassiterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cassiterite\">Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWodginite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Wodginite\">Wodginite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Lavia Jabuti, Galileia, Minas Gerais, Brazil\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 2.3 x 1.6 x 0.6 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Wodginite epitaxial on Cassiterite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Superb, razor-sharp, and lustrous epitaxial growth of Wodginite over Cassiterite. Aesthetic, rare, and world-class. This is an important specimen from a small find, of the early 1980's , that really surprised people. These crystals consists mainly of wodginite that has grown epitaxially over a decaying core of cassiterite that is now barely present at all. The wodginite from this find is superb - unusually lustrous and sharp compared oto the mineral from other localities. These are VERY hard to come by. I am told that the pocket was only the size of a basketball and the find limited to some dozens of specimens. This one, at about an inch, is one of the larger pieces and is quite significant; not surprising given Marilyn's proximity to Richard Gaines who analysed them, and handled most of them at the time. 2.3 x 1.6 x 0.6 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",287,{"id":752,"source_url":753,"license_code":410,"credit_html":754,"title":755,"description":682,"author":471,"original_width":683,"original_height":676},86331,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=26133883","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=26133883\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wodginite, Cassiterite-19061.jpg",[757,763,767,772],{"id":758,"url":759,"label":760,"formula":761,"spacegroup":762,"year":358},2329,"\u002Fcif\u002F2329.cif","Bolzan 1997","Sn O2","P 42\u002Fm n m",{"id":764,"url":765,"label":766,"formula":761,"spacegroup":762,"year":350},2330,"\u002Fcif\u002F2330.cif","Baur 1971",{"id":768,"url":769,"label":770,"formula":761,"spacegroup":762,"year":771},2331,"\u002Fcif\u002F2331.cif","Wyckoff 1963",1963,{"id":773,"url":774,"label":775,"formula":761,"spacegroup":762,"year":776},2332,"\u002Fcif\u002F2332.cif","Baur 1956",1956,[778,779,780,781,782,783,784,785,786,787,788,789,790,791,792,793,794,795,796,797],"Etain oxydé","Nadelzinnerz","Needle-tin ore","Ruby Tin","Sparable tin","Sperlingsschnabel","Stagno ossidato","Stannum calciforme","Tennmalm","Tin Spar","Tinstone","Visiererz","Visiergraupen","Zinngranate","Zinngraupen","Zinnschlich","Zinnspat","Zinnstein","Zinnsten","Zwitter",[799,803,808,812,817,822,826,830,834,838,842,846,850,854,858,863,873,877,880,884,888,892,895,898,904,908,912,915,918,921,925,928,932,936,939,942,946,950,954,958,963,967,971,974,977,981,984,987,991,996,999,1002,1006,1010,1013,1016,1020,1023,1026,1029,1032,1035],{"lang":800,"names":801},"af",[802],"Kassiteriet",{"lang":804,"names":805},"ar",[806,807],"الكستريت","كاسيتريت",{"lang":809,"names":810},"ast",[811],"Casiterita",{"lang":813,"names":814},"az",[815,816],"Kassiterit","Qalay 4-oksid",{"lang":818,"names":819},"be",[820,821],"алавяны камень","касітэрыт",{"lang":823,"names":824},"ca",[825],"cassiterita",{"lang":827,"names":828},"cs",[829],"kasiterit",{"lang":831,"names":832},"de",[833,815,795],"Cassiterit",{"lang":835,"names":836},"el",[837],"Κασσιτερίτης",{"lang":839,"names":840},"eo",[841],"kasiterito",{"lang":843,"names":844},"es",[845],"casiterita",{"lang":847,"names":848},"et",[849],"kassiteriit",{"lang":851,"names":852},"eu",[853],"Cassiterita",{"lang":855,"names":856},"fa",[857],"کاسیتریت",{"lang":859,"names":860},"fi",[861,862],"kassiteriitti","tinakivi",{"lang":864,"names":865},"fr",[866,867,868,869,870,871,872],"ainalite","cassitérite","dneiproskite","étain oxydé","oxyde d'étain","stannum calciforme","zinnspat",{"lang":874,"names":875},"ga",[876],"caisiteirít",{"lang":878,"names":879},"gl",[811],{"lang":881,"names":882},"he",[883],"קסיטריט",{"lang":885,"names":886},"hu",[887],"kassziterit",{"lang":889,"names":890},"hy",[891],"Կասիտերիտ",{"lang":893,"names":894},"id",[815],{"lang":896,"names":897},"it",[486],{"lang":899,"names":900},"ja",[901,902,903],"砂すず","砂錫","錫石",{"lang":905,"names":906},"kk",[907],"Касситерит",{"lang":909,"names":910},"kk-arab",[911],"كاسسىيتەرىيت",{"lang":913,"names":914},"kk-cn",[911],{"lang":916,"names":917},"kk-cyrl",[907],{"lang":919,"names":920},"kk-kz",[907],{"lang":922,"names":923},"kk-latn",[924],"Kassïterït",{"lang":926,"names":927},"kk-tr",[924],{"lang":929,"names":930},"kn",[931],"ಕ್ಯಾಸ್ಸಿಟರೈಟ್",{"lang":933,"names":934},"ko",[935],"석석",{"lang":937,"names":938},"kw",[829],{"lang":940,"names":941},"ky",[907],{"lang":943,"names":944},"lt",[945],"Kasiteritas",{"lang":947,"names":948},"mg",[949],"Kasiterita",{"lang":951,"names":952},"mk",[953],"Каситерит",{"lang":955,"names":956},"mn",[957],"Касситерят",{"lang":959,"names":960},"ms",[961,962],"Bijih timah","Kasiterit",{"lang":964,"names":965},"nb",[966],"kassiteritt",{"lang":968,"names":969},"nl",[970,802],"cassiteriet",{"lang":972,"names":973},"nn",[966],{"lang":975,"names":976},"oc",[853],{"lang":978,"names":979},"pl",[980],"kasyteryt",{"lang":982,"names":983},"pt",[853,486],{"lang":985,"names":986},"pt-br",[825,486],{"lang":988,"names":989},"ro",[990],"Casiterit",{"lang":992,"names":993},"ru",[994,995],"касситерит","оловянный камень",{"lang":997,"names":998},"sk",[962],{"lang":1000,"names":1001},"sl",[829],{"lang":1003,"names":1004},"sv",[815,1005],"Tennsten",{"lang":1007,"names":1008},"uk",[1009],"каситерит",{"lang":1011,"names":1012},"uz",[815],{"lang":1014,"names":1015},"vi",[833],{"lang":1017,"names":1018},"zh",[1019],"锡石",{"lang":1021,"names":1022},"zh-cn",[1019],{"lang":1024,"names":1025},"zh-hans",[1019],{"lang":1027,"names":1028},"zh-hant",[903],{"lang":1030,"names":1031},"zh-hk",[903],{"lang":1033,"names":1034},"zh-sg",[1019],{"lang":1036,"names":1037},"zh-tw",[903],"Q191222",{"history":1040,"applications":1044},{"markdown":1041,"model_version":1042,"prompt_version":1043,"reviewed_at":11},"The name **cassiterite** is younger than the substance it labels by several millennia. The mineral itself — tin dioxide, the principal ore from which tin is smelted[1] — was being worked in Bronze Age furnaces long before anyone called it by its modern name.\n\nTin extraction can be dated to the beginnings of the Bronze Age, around 3000 BCE[2]. The metal mattered because of bronze — an alloy of roughly one-eighth tin and seven-eighths copper[2]. Bronze is harder than copper alone, and gave its name to an era. Tin is rare in the Earth's crust, so the cassiterite-bearing regions that did exist became valuable trade hubs. A trade network linked those distant sources to the markets that needed them[2]. The Cornwall and Devon workings in southwest England, threading through high-temperature quartz veins and pegmatites, reach back about four and a half thousand years[3].\n\nAncient writers called the supply regions the **Cassiterides** — literally *\"tin islands\"*, applied in pre-Roman times to islands off the western coast of Europe. The exact location has been hotly debated over the years. Current thinking is that the source was probably mainland Spain. Even two thousand years ago, traders had a habit of giving misleading locality information to protect their sources[4]. The Greek root **kassiteros** — tin — gave the islands their name. It would later give the mineral its own[2].\n\n### Medieval and early-modern mining\n\nMining moved from rumour to industry in central Europe. Early in the 15th century, the cassiterite veins in Saxony and Bohemia were mined for tin. Those workings sit in the Erzgebirge mountains, straddling today's Germany and Czechia. Peak production there came in the 17th century[5]. In the 18th and much of the 19th centuries, the very large vein deposits of Cornwall became the world's major source of tin[5].\n\n### Modern naming and present geography\n\nThe mineral acquired its current scientific name in the 19th century, when the **-ite** suffix was being applied across mineralogy to regularise older trade names like *tin stone* and *stannum*. The root is the same Greek **kassiteros** that named the Cassiterides[2]. Today most of the world's cassiterite is mined in Malaysia, Indonesia, Bolivia, Nigeria, Myanmar, Thailand, and parts of China[5].","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":1045,"model_version":1042,"prompt_version":1043,"reviewed_at":11},"Cassiterite is not a metal but the rock that yields one. It is the only mineral of commercial importance as a source of tin, smelted into the metal that quietly underpins canned food, modern electronics, and the world's window glass[1]. Small quantities of tin are recovered from complex sulfides like stannite and franckeite, but cassiterite is where the supply actually comes from[1].\n\n### In industry\n\nThe single largest use of tin is solder — the low-melting alloy that joins electrical and electronic circuits, and that seals plumbing joints[2]. In 2018, just under half of all tin produced went into solder[3]. Solder formulations changed sharply after the European Union's 2006 directive restricting hazardous substances, which pushed the lead content of consumer electronics down toward zero[4]. The replacement is a tin-rich, lead-free alloy.\n\nTin's other classic use is **tinplate** — thin steel sheets coated with a microscopic layer of tin to keep them from rusting. The coating is what made the modern food can possible. The same protective-coating logic carries tin into bearing alloys and a range of tin chemical applications[2].\n\nA third industrial route uses tin in liquid form. In the **Pilkington process**, molten glass is floated on a bath of molten tin, producing a perfectly flat sheet with no grinding or polishing. Most window glass on Earth is made this way[5].\n\n### In specialised alloys and chemistry\n\n**Pewter** is an alloy of 85 to 99 percent tin, used in tableware and decorative metalwork[6]. At the high-technology end, the niobium–tin compound Nb₃Sn is used in coils of superconducting magnets for its high critical temperature of 18 kelvin[7]. Worldwide industrial production of organotin compounds — chemical compounds in which tin atoms are bonded to carbon — likely exceeds 50,000 tonnes a year[8].\n\nAbout 35 countries mine tin, with at least half of global supply coming from Southeast Asia[2]. In 2011, mine production was led by China at 110,000 tonnes, then Indonesia at 51,000 tonnes, Peru at 34,600 tonnes, Bolivia at 20,700 tonnes, and Brazil at 12,000 tonnes[9]. The single largest mining operation is Yunnan Tin in China, which produced 74,500 tonnes in 2017[10]."]