[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:927":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":22,"impurities":11,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":34,"dana8ed4":35,"csystem":36,"cclass":37,"spacegroup":38,"spacegroupset":39,"a":40,"b":41,"c":42,"alpha":39,"beta":39,"gamma":39,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":43,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":44,"tranglide":11,"parting":45,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":46,"tlform":47,"hmin":48,"hmax":49,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":39,"vhnmax":39,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":50,"dmeas2":51,"dcalc":51,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":52,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":53,"streak":54,"colour":55,"commentcolor":11,"colors":56,"streak_colors":64,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":65,"cleavagetype":66,"fracturetype":67,"tenacity":68,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":69,"opticalsign":70,"opticalalpha":71,"opticalalpha2":72,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":72,"opticalbeta2":73,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":74,"opticalgamma2":75,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":39,"opticalomega2":39,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":39,"opticalepsilon2":39,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":39,"opticaln2":39,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":76,"optical2vcalc2":77,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":78,"optical2vmeasured2":79,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":80,"rimax":81,"opticaldispersion":82,"opticalpleochroism":83,"opticalpleochorismdesc":84,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":85,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":86,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":87,"other":88,"industrial":89,"occurrence":90,"otheroccurrence":91,"type_specimen_store":92,"description_short":93,"aboutname":94,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":95,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":96,"group_members":102,"associates":127,"confused_with":177,"type_localities":179,"occurrence_total":186,"citations":187,"images":415,"structures":688,"synonyms":719,"language_names":732,"wikidata_qid":971,"texts":972},927,"1:1:927:4","e1ebeb04-0219-41f0-95b9-9b898ae56181","Celestine","Clt",0,"mineral",null,29275,39058,false,"SrSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","Sr(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",[18,19,20],"Sr","O","S",[18,19,20],[18],"25.4.15",[25,26],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1791","7","A","D","35","28","3","1","2","Orthorhombic",8,71,"0","8.359","5.352","6.866",4,"Reported on {210}, {101}, and other planes (doubtful).","Twin gliding and translation gliding.","Crystals commonly thin to thick tabular {001}, usually with large {210}; tabular {001} and elongated [100] yielding lath-like forms; or elongated [100] with equant cross section. Equant by development of {001}, {011}, {101} of otherwise, less common. Pyramidal {122}; elongated [010] or [001]; tabular {100}, {100} commonly striated [001]. Fibrous veinlets or nodules with parallel or radiated fiber structure; massive granular; lamellar, earthy, rare.","Fibrous veinlets.",3,3.5,"3.96","3.98","Vitreous,Pearly","Transparent,Translucent","White","Colourless, shades of light blue, white, reddish, greenish, brownish, greyish; colourless or lightly tinted in transmitted light",[57,58,59,60,61,62,63],"colorless","blue","white","red","green","brown","gray",[59],"On {001} perfect; on {210} good; on {010} poor. Also reported on {011}.","Perfect","Irregular\u002FUneven","brittle","Biaxial","+","1.619","1.622","1.624","1.63","1.632","54","58","50","51",1.619,1.632,"moderate r \u003C v","Weak","Blue-coloured material: shades of indigo- and lavender-blue, bluish green or violet.","Absorption: Z > Y > X.","X = c; Y = b; Z = a.","Inverts at about 1152°C to a hexagonal polymorph. Melting Point = ~1605°C.","Slowly soluble in hot concentrated acids or alkali carbonate solutions. Very slightly soluble in water.","Major ore for strontium.","Sedimentary rocks.","Occurs mainly in sedimentary rocks such as bedded deposits of gypsum and halite; also in bedded limestone and dolomite, in cavities.","Technische Universität, Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany, 45 samples (holotype).","Baryte Group. Baryte-Celestine Series. The strontium analogue of baryte, anglesite and hashemite.\r\n\r\nBy far the most common strontium mineral.","Originally named \u003Cem>fasriger schwerspath\u003C\u002Fem> by Andreas Gotthelf Schütz in 1791. Renamed \u003Cem>schwefelsaurer strontianite aus Pennsylvania\u003C\u002Fem> by Martin Klaproth in 1797. Renamed by Abraham Gottlieb Werner in 1798 in German \u003Cem>zoelestin\u003C\u002Fem> from the Greek \u003Cem>cœlestis\u003C\u002Fem> for celestial, in allusion to the faint blue color of the original specimen. Renamed Schützit by Dietrich Ludwig Gustav Karsten in 1800. Although far superior celestine crystals were previously known from Sicily, they were thought to be barium-rich as the element strontium was not discovered until the late 1780s and not formally described until 1792.","2025-12-06 15:54:41",[97],{"id":98,"name":99,"entrytype":100,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":101,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":39,"dcalc":39,"primary_image_id":11},459,"Barium-bearing Celestine",2,"(Sr,Ba)SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",[103,112,119],{"id":104,"name":105,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":106,"mindat_formula":107,"hmin":108,"hmax":48,"dmeas":109,"dcalc":110,"primary_image_id":111},233,"Anglesite","Pb(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","PbSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",2.5,"6.37","6.36",1430,{"id":113,"name":114,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":115,"mindat_formula":116,"hmin":48,"hmax":48,"dmeas":117,"dcalc":117,"primary_image_id":118},549,"Baryte","Ba(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","BaSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.50",2758,{"id":120,"name":121,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":122,"mindat_formula":123,"hmin":49,"hmax":49,"dmeas":124,"dcalc":125,"primary_image_id":126},1823,"Hashemite","Ba(CrO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","BaCr\u003Csup>6+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.54","4.49",10888,[128,138,146,154,162,170],{"id":129,"name":130,"entrytype":9,"csystem":131,"ima_formula":132,"mindat_formula":133,"hmin":134,"hmax":100,"dmeas":135,"dcalc":136,"primary_image_id":137},154,"Aluminite","Monoclinic","Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",1,"1.7","1.794",29058,{"id":139,"name":140,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":141,"mindat_formula":142,"hmin":48,"hmax":49,"dmeas":143,"dcalc":144,"primary_image_id":145},234,"Anhydrite","Ca(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","CaSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.98","2.95",1438,{"id":147,"name":148,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":149,"mindat_formula":150,"hmin":49,"hmax":43,"dmeas":151,"dcalc":152,"primary_image_id":153},307,"Aragonite","Ca(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","CaCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.947","2.944",29132,{"id":155,"name":156,"entrytype":9,"csystem":157,"ima_formula":158,"mindat_formula":158,"hmin":49,"hmax":43,"dmeas":159,"dcalc":160,"primary_image_id":161},1304,"Dolomite","Trigonal","CaMg(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.84","2.876",5744,{"id":163,"name":164,"entrytype":9,"csystem":165,"ima_formula":166,"mindat_formula":166,"hmin":43,"hmax":43,"dmeas":167,"dcalc":168,"primary_image_id":169},1576,"Fluorite","Isometric","CaF\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.175","3.181",29727,{"id":171,"name":172,"entrytype":9,"csystem":131,"ima_formula":173,"mindat_formula":174,"hmin":49,"hmax":49,"dmeas":175,"dcalc":175,"primary_image_id":176},2204,"Kieserite","Mg(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","MgSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.571",13302,[178],{"id":104,"name":105,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":106,"mindat_formula":107,"hmin":108,"hmax":48,"dmeas":109,"dcalc":110,"primary_image_id":111},[180],{"id":181,"txt":182,"latitude":183,"longitude":184,"country":185},16045,"Bell's Mill, Bellwood, Blair County, Pennsylvania, USA",40.6058333,-78.3230556,"USA",1239,[188,192,196,200,204,207,211,214,218,222,226,230,234,238,242,246,250,254,258,262,266,270,274,278,281,284,288,292,297,300,304,308,313,316,320,324,328,332,336,340,344,348,352,355,358,361,364,368,373,376,379,383,386,390,393,396,401,404,408,411],{"id":189,"year":190,"html":191,"doi":11},16104907,1791,"Schütz, Andreas Gotthelf (1791) Beschr. Nordamer. Foss., Leipzig: 12 (as Fasriger Schwerspath).",{"id":193,"year":194,"html":195,"doi":11},16104908,1792,"Vauquelin, Louis N. (1792) Du sulfate de strontiane. Observations sur la Physique, sur l’Histoire Naturelle et sur les Arts: 46: 150-152.",{"id":197,"year":198,"html":199,"doi":11},18275416,1797,"Klaproth, M. H. (1797) XXXIX. Untersuchung des schwefelsauren Strontianits aus Pensilvanien. In \u003Ci>Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 2. Rottmann. p.92-98.",{"id":201,"year":202,"html":203,"doi":11},16104910,1798,"Dolomieu, Deodat (1798) Journal des Phys.: 46: 203 (as Strontiane sulfatée).",{"id":205,"year":202,"html":206,"doi":11},16104911,"Werner, Abraham Gottlieb (1798) (as Cœlestin) {published in L. A. Emmerling, Lehrbuch der Mineralogie}.",{"id":208,"year":209,"html":210,"doi":11},16104912,1800,"Lenz, Johann Georg (1800) System der Mineralkörper mit Benutzung der neuesten Entdeckungen: 233 (as Cœlestin; Strontianit).",{"id":212,"year":209,"html":213,"doi":11},16104913,"Karsten, D. L. G. (1800) Tabellarische Uebersicht der mineralogisch - einfachen Fossilien. Mineralogische Tabellen, Berlin. First edition: 75 (as Cœlestine).",{"id":215,"year":216,"html":217,"doi":11},16104914,1808,"Karsten, D. L .G. (1808) Mineralogische Tabellen, Berlin, second edition: 54, 95 as Cœlestin).",{"id":219,"year":220,"html":221,"doi":11},1118683,1836,"Thomson, Thomas (1836) \u003Ci>Outlines of Mineralogy, Geology and Mineral Analysis\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 1. Baldwin & Craddock. 734 pp.",{"id":223,"year":224,"html":225,"doi":11},16104916,1837,"Lévy, A. (1837) Description d’une collection de minéraux formée par M. Henri Heuland, et appartenant à M. Ch. H. Turner, de Rooksnest, dans le comté de Surrey en Angleterre. 3 volumes and atlas of 85 plates, London: 1: 224 (as Eschwegite).",{"id":227,"year":228,"html":229,"doi":11},16104917,1839,"Glocker, E. F. (1839) Handbuch der Mineralogie, 2nd. edition, Nürnberg: 634 (as Barytocölestin).",{"id":231,"year":232,"html":233,"doi":11},16104322,1860,"Wicke (1860) Arch. Pharm.: 152: 32.",{"id":235,"year":236,"html":237,"doi":11},1118643,1868,"Dana, James D., Brush, George Jarvis (1868) \u003Ci>A System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (5th ed.). p.882",{"id":239,"year":240,"html":241,"doi":11},16104919,1869,"Auerbach (1869) Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzber., Vienna, Abt. I: 59: 549.",{"id":243,"year":244,"html":245,"doi":11},16104920,1887,"Negri (1887) Revista minera, metalúrgica y de ingenieria, Madrid: 1: 33.",{"id":247,"year":248,"html":249,"doi":11},16104921,1888,"Bettanini (1888) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 14: 507.",{"id":251,"year":252,"html":253,"doi":11},16104922,1890,"Williams, G.H. (1890) Celestite from Mineral County, West Virginia. American Journal of Science: 39: 183-188.",{"id":255,"year":256,"html":257,"doi":11},1118647,1892,"Dana, Edward Salisbury; Dana, James Dwight (1892) \u003Ci>A System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.",{"id":259,"year":260,"html":261,"doi":11},16104924,1895,"Arzruni and Thaddéeff (1895) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 25: 38.",{"id":263,"year":264,"html":265,"doi":11},16104925,1899,"Volney, C.W. (1899) On the constitution of barytocelestites. Journal of the American Chemical Society: 21(4): 386-388.",{"id":267,"year":268,"html":269,"doi":11},15933684,1902,"Termier, M.P. (1902) Sur la celestine du Djebel Kebbouch et du Djebel Bezina (Tunisie). Bulletin de la Société française de minéralogie, 25, 173-180. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.persee.fr\u002Fdoc\u002Fbulmi_0366-3248_1902_num_25_7_2650",{"id":271,"year":272,"html":273,"doi":11},16104927,1904,"Kraus, E.H. (1904) The occurrences of celestite near Syracuse, New York, and its relation to the vermicular limestones of the Salina epoch. American Journal of Science: 18(103): 30-39.",{"id":275,"year":276,"html":277,"doi":11},16104928,1905,"Kraus, E.H. (1905) Occurrence and distribution of celestite-bearing rocks. American Journal of Science: 19(112): 286-293.",{"id":279,"year":276,"html":280,"doi":11},16104929,"Sidorenko (1905) Mém. Soc. nat. Nouv. Russie: 27: 1.",{"id":282,"year":276,"html":283,"doi":11},16104930,"Surganoff (1905) Moskovskoe Obshchestvo Ispytatelei Prirody (Société impériale des naturalists de Moscou): 18: 435.",{"id":285,"year":286,"html":287,"doi":11},16104931,1906,"Kraus, E.H., Hunt, W.F. (1906) The occurrence of sulphur and celestite at Maybee, Michigan. American Journal of Science: 21: 237-244.",{"id":289,"year":290,"html":291,"doi":11},16104932,1907,"Sidorenko (1907) Jb. Min.: II: 377.",{"id":293,"year":294,"html":295,"doi":296},103021,1908,"Barker, Th. V. (1908) I. Untersuchungen über regelmäßige Verwachsungen. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  45 (1) 1-59 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1908.45.1.1'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1908.45.1.1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1908.45.1.1",{"id":298,"year":294,"html":299,"doi":11},16104933,"Samoiloff (1908) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 45: 113.",{"id":301,"year":302,"html":303,"doi":11},16104934,1909,"Gaubert (1909) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 32: 139.",{"id":305,"year":306,"html":307,"doi":11},7367189,1910,"Lacroix, A. (1910) \u003Ci>Minéralogie de la France et de ses colonies\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 4. Library Polytechnique, Paris. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org\u002Fitempdf\u002F225322' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":309,"year":310,"html":311,"doi":312},103208,1911,"Kolb, R. (1911) IV. Vergleich von Anhydrit, Cölestin, Baryt und Anglesit in bezug auf die Veränderung ihrer geometrischen und optischen Verhältnisse mit der Temperatur. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  49 (1) 14-61 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1911.49.1.14'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1911.49.1.14\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1911.49.1.14",{"id":314,"year":310,"html":315,"doi":11},16104936,"Henglein (1911) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Stuttgart: 692.",{"id":317,"year":318,"html":319,"doi":11},4468624,1913,"(1913) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 2 - Text - Band II - Calaverit-Cyanochroit. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":321,"year":322,"html":323,"doi":11},16104938,1915,"Kreutz (1915) Ak. Krakau, Abh.: 55: 1.",{"id":325,"year":326,"html":327,"doi":11},16104939,1916,"Dravert (1916) Ann. géol. min. Russie: 17: 75.",{"id":329,"year":330,"html":331,"doi":11},16104940,1918,"Di Franco (1918) I st. Min. Vulc. Univ. Catania, Mem.: 19.",{"id":333,"year":334,"html":335,"doi":11},16104941,1920,"Grahmann (1920) Jb. Min.: I: 1.",{"id":337,"year":338,"html":339,"doi":11},16104942,1921,"Kemter (1921) Ak. Sächs., Verh.: 72: 56.",{"id":341,"year":342,"html":343,"doi":11},16104943,1922,"Ranfaldi (1922) Reale academia nazionale dei Lincet, atti: rendiconti, Rome: 31: 430, 468, 506.",{"id":345,"year":346,"html":347,"doi":11},16104944,1923,"Mellor, J.W. (1923) A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. 16 volumes, London: 3: 763.",{"id":349,"year":350,"html":351,"doi":11},16104945,1924,"Giuşcă (1924) Ac. Roumaine, Sect. Sc. Bull.: 9: 25.",{"id":353,"year":350,"html":354,"doi":11},16104946,"Onorato (1924) Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Att.: 33: 259.",{"id":356,"year":350,"html":357,"doi":11},16104947,"Quercigh (1924) Reale academia nazionale dei Lincet, atti: rendiconti, Rome: 33: 262.",{"id":359,"year":350,"html":360,"doi":11},16104948,"Ruiz (1924) Reale academia nazionale dei Lincet, atti: rendiconti, Rome: 267.",{"id":362,"year":350,"html":363,"doi":11},16104949,"Szadecsky-Kardoss (1924) Földt. Közl.: 53: 94.",{"id":365,"year":366,"html":367,"doi":11},16102326,1925,"James, Wood (1925) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: 109A: 598.",{"id":369,"year":370,"html":371,"doi":372},103832,1926,"Basche, W., Mark, H. (1926) I. Über die Struktur von Verbindungen des Typus MeXO4. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  64 (1) 1-70 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1926.64.1.1'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1926.64.1.1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1926.64.1.1",{"id":374,"year":370,"html":375,"doi":11},16104950,"Lambert, Hume-Rothery (1926) Journal of the Chemical Society, London: 2637.",{"id":377,"year":370,"html":378,"doi":11},16104951,"Linck (1926) Chemie der Erde, Jena: 2: 481.",{"id":380,"year":381,"html":382,"doi":11},16104952,1927,"Doelter, C. (1927) Handbuch der Mineral-chemie (in 4 volumes divided into parts): 4 [2]: 205..",{"id":384,"year":381,"html":385,"doi":11},16104953,"Honess, A.P. (1927) The Nature, Origin and Interpretation of the Etch Figures on Crystals. 171pp., New York: 124.",{"id":387,"year":388,"html":389,"doi":11},519698,1929,"Fairbairn, W. M. (1929) Celestite in central Ontario. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  14 (8) 286-289 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM14\u002FAM14_286.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":391,"year":388,"html":392,"doi":11},519725,"Landes, Kenneth K. (1929) The strontium occurrence near La Conner, Washington. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  14 (11) 408-413 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM14\u002FAM14_408.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":394,"year":388,"html":395,"doi":11},16104955,"Hintze, C. (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1(3B): 3905.",{"id":397,"year":398,"html":399,"doi":400},104457,1931,"Heide, F. (1931) Über Deformationen an Kristallen bei erhöhtem Druck und erhöhter Temperatur. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  78 (1) 257-278 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1931.78.1.257'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1931.78.1.257\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1931.78.1.257",{"id":402,"year":398,"html":403,"doi":11},16104957,"Solignac (1931) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 54: 64.",{"id":405,"year":406,"html":407,"doi":11},16104958,1933,"Krieger, P. (1933) The occurrence of strontianite at Sierra Mojada, Mexico. American Mineralogist: 18: 345-350.",{"id":409,"year":406,"html":410,"doi":11},16104959,"Schilly (1933) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Beil.-Bd., Stuttgart: 67: 323.",{"id":412,"year":413,"html":414,"doi":11},520307,1935,"Thibault, Newman W. (1935) Celestite from Chittenango Falls, New York. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  20 (3) 147-152 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM20\u002FAM20_147.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",[416,426,436,442,447,452,461,465,473,478,483,490,495,500,506,515,522,531,539,547,556,564,573,583,588,593,598,603,608,613,618,623,633,642,647,656,664,672,679],{"id":417,"source_url":418,"license_code":419,"credit_html":420,"title":421,"description":422,"author":423,"original_width":424,"original_height":425},8061,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129538833","CC BY-SA 4.0","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129538833\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Celestine, Sakoany, Mahajanga, Madagascar-8791.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCelestine_(mineral)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Celestine (mineral)\">Celestine\u003C\u002Fa> - Place of discovery: Sakoany, Mahajanga, Madagascar","Raimond Spekking",5817,4363,{"id":427,"source_url":428,"license_code":429,"credit_html":430,"title":431,"description":432,"author":433,"original_width":434,"original_height":435},8062,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167133182","CC BY 4.0","Animalculum, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167133182\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Celestine, Musee de Mineralogie, Paris, 2025, 3.jpg","Celestine from Chihuahua, Mexico in Musee de Mineralogie, Paris","Animalculum",2650,3534,{"id":437,"source_url":438,"license_code":429,"credit_html":439,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":440,"original_height":441},29397,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114916","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114916\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,665,{"id":443,"source_url":444,"license_code":419,"credit_html":445,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":440,"original_height":446},29398,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65203","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65203\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",695,{"id":448,"source_url":449,"license_code":429,"credit_html":450,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":440,"original_height":451},29399,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116583","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F116583\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",666,{"id":453,"source_url":454,"license_code":419,"credit_html":455,"title":456,"description":457,"author":458,"original_width":459,"original_height":460},34857,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113721573","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113721573\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 285 - Célestite.jpg","Célestite, au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",3612,2484,{"id":462,"source_url":463,"license_code":429,"credit_html":464,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":440,"original_height":451},29400,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F119822","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F119822\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":466,"source_url":467,"license_code":419,"credit_html":468,"title":469,"description":470,"author":458,"original_width":471,"original_height":472},34858,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744428","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744428\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 306 - Célestite (Madagascar).jpg","Célestite, en provenance de Madagascar, au Muséum de Nantes",4272,2848,{"id":474,"source_url":475,"license_code":419,"credit_html":476,"title":477,"description":470,"author":458,"original_width":471,"original_height":472},34859,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744429","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744429\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 307 - Célestite (Madagascar).jpg",{"id":479,"source_url":480,"license_code":419,"credit_html":481,"title":482,"description":470,"author":458,"original_width":471,"original_height":472},34860,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744430","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744430\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 308 - Célestite (Madagascar).jpg",{"id":484,"source_url":485,"license_code":419,"credit_html":486,"title":487,"description":457,"author":458,"original_width":488,"original_height":489},34861,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744439","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744439\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 314 - Célestite.jpg",3160,2688,{"id":491,"source_url":492,"license_code":419,"credit_html":493,"title":494,"description":457,"author":458,"original_width":471,"original_height":472},34862,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744442","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744442\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 316 - Célestite.jpg",{"id":496,"source_url":497,"license_code":419,"credit_html":498,"title":499,"description":457,"author":458,"original_width":471,"original_height":472},43944,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744441","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744441\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 317 - Célestite.jpg",{"id":501,"source_url":502,"license_code":419,"credit_html":503,"title":504,"description":505,"author":458,"original_width":471,"original_height":472},34863,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744450","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744450\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 322 - Célestite (Italie).jpg","Célestite, en provenance d'Italie, au Muséum de Nantes",{"id":507,"source_url":508,"license_code":419,"credit_html":509,"title":510,"description":511,"author":512,"original_width":513,"original_height":514},34864,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118301800","Ji-Elle, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118301800\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Célestine-Vallée de la Sofia (Madagascar).jpg","Célestine : vallée de la Sofia (Madagascar)\n\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Musée d'histoire naturelle de Berlin\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>","Ji-Elle",3638,4547,{"id":516,"source_url":517,"license_code":419,"credit_html":518,"title":519,"description":520,"author":521,"original_width":198,"original_height":194},34874,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132860439","Eric Polk, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132860439\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Celestite NHMLA.png","Sample of Celestite (aka celestine) collected from Madagascar.  On display at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA.","Eric Polk",{"id":523,"source_url":524,"license_code":419,"credit_html":525,"title":526,"description":527,"author":528,"original_width":529,"original_height":530},4987,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7137314","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7137314\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Celestine arignac.jpg","Celestine - Gypsum quarry, Arignac, Tarascon-sur-Ariège, Ariège, Midi-Pyrénées, France(5x3.8cm)","Didier Descouens",2246,1651,{"id":532,"source_url":533,"license_code":419,"credit_html":534,"title":535,"description":536,"author":528,"original_width":537,"original_height":538},1714,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7215316","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7215316\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Soufresicile2.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSulphur\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sulphur\">Sulphur\u003C\u002Fa> - aragonite and celestine \n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality : Floristella Mine, Valguarnera, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FProvince_of_Enna\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Province of Enna\">Enna Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSicily\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sicily\">Sicily\u003C\u002Fa>, Italy\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size : 12.5 x 10.2 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",3497,2869,{"id":540,"source_url":541,"license_code":419,"credit_html":542,"title":543,"description":544,"author":528,"original_width":545,"original_height":546},4988,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8684125","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8684125\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Celestine-Valguarnera.jpg","Celestine - aragonite and sulphur - Floristella Mine, Valguarnera, Enna Province, Sicily, Italy (11.5x10.5cm)",3244,3056,{"id":548,"source_url":549,"license_code":419,"credit_html":550,"title":551,"description":552,"author":553,"original_width":554,"original_height":555},4991,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=101836869","Ivar Leidus, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=101836869\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Celestine - Sakoany deposit, Katsepy, Mitsinjo, Boeny, Madagascar.jpg","Celestine crystals (field of view 3.5 × 2.6 cm). Found from Sakoany deposit, Katsepy, Mitsinjo District, Boeny region, Madagascar","Ivar Leidus",5400,4000,{"id":557,"source_url":558,"license_code":419,"credit_html":559,"title":560,"description":561,"author":423,"original_width":562,"original_height":563},4992,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129570800","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129570800\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Celestine, Mahajanga, Madagascar-8817.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCelestine_(mineral)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Celestine (mineral)\">Celestine\u003C\u002Fa> - Place of discovery: Mahajanga, Madagascar",5092,4254,{"id":565,"source_url":566,"license_code":429,"credit_html":567,"title":568,"description":569,"author":570,"original_width":571,"original_height":572},4993,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=156894627","ArtemMitinIvanovich, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=156894627\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Celestine frome Yakutia.jpg","Mineral celestine in mineralogical museum named after Fersman in Moscow","ArtemMitinIvanovich",920,998,{"id":574,"source_url":575,"license_code":576,"credit_html":577,"title":578,"description":579,"author":580,"original_width":581,"original_height":582},34865,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848020","CC0 1.0","Romaine, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848020\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Winterswijk-calciet en celestien uit de Steengroeve Winterswijk (A) (1).jpg","calcite and celestine from the Winterswijk Quary (Netherlands), found on 4 July 1998","Romaine",4032,3024,{"id":584,"source_url":585,"license_code":576,"credit_html":586,"title":587,"description":579,"author":580,"original_width":581,"original_height":582},34866,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848021","Romaine, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848021\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Winterswijk-calciet en celestien uit de Steengroeve Winterswijk (A) (2).jpg",{"id":589,"source_url":590,"license_code":576,"credit_html":591,"title":592,"description":579,"author":580,"original_width":581,"original_height":582},34867,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848023","Romaine, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848023\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Winterswijk-calciet en celestien uit de Steengroeve Winterswijk (A) (3).jpg",{"id":594,"source_url":595,"license_code":576,"credit_html":596,"title":597,"description":579,"author":580,"original_width":581,"original_height":582},34868,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848035","Romaine, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848035\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Winterswijk-calciet en celestien uit de Steengroeve Winterswijk (B) (2).jpg",{"id":599,"source_url":600,"license_code":576,"credit_html":601,"title":602,"description":579,"author":580,"original_width":581,"original_height":582},34869,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848036","Romaine, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848036\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Winterswijk-calciet en celestien uit de Steengroeve Winterswijk (B) (1).jpg",{"id":604,"source_url":605,"license_code":576,"credit_html":606,"title":607,"description":579,"author":580,"original_width":581,"original_height":582},34870,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848037","Romaine, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848037\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Winterswijk-calciet en celestien uit de Steengroeve Winterswijk (B) (3).jpg",{"id":609,"source_url":610,"license_code":576,"credit_html":611,"title":612,"description":579,"author":580,"original_width":581,"original_height":582},34871,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848058","Romaine, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848058\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Winterswijk-calciet en celestien uit de Steengroeve Winterswijk (B) (4).jpg",{"id":614,"source_url":615,"license_code":576,"credit_html":616,"title":617,"description":579,"author":580,"original_width":581,"original_height":582},34872,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848060","Romaine, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848060\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Winterswijk-calciet en celestien uit de Steengroeve Winterswijk (C) (2).jpg",{"id":619,"source_url":620,"license_code":576,"credit_html":621,"title":622,"description":579,"author":580,"original_width":581,"original_height":582},34873,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848085","Romaine, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=127848085\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Winterswijk-calciet en celestien uit de Steengroeve Winterswijk (C) (1).jpg",{"id":624,"source_url":625,"license_code":626,"credit_html":627,"title":628,"description":629,"author":630,"original_width":631,"original_height":632},5648,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84652507","CC BY 2.0","Mike Beauregard from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84652507\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chrysanthemum Stone (6804709590).jpg","\u003Cp>Calcite and celestine from China.\nInterior crystal exposed by polishing.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nVale Gallery, Museum of Nature, Ottawa","Mike Beauregard from Canada",2000,1026,{"id":634,"source_url":635,"license_code":636,"credit_html":637,"title":638,"description":639,"author":640,"original_width":641,"original_height":472},49168,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15527613","CC BY-SA 3.0","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15527613\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Célestine sur schiste (Chine) 1.JPG","chrysanthemum stone : Daxi River, Liu Yang, Hunan, China","Parent Géry",4288,{"id":643,"source_url":644,"license_code":636,"credit_html":645,"title":646,"description":639,"author":640,"original_width":641,"original_height":472},49170,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15527680","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15527680\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Célestine sur schiste (Chine) 3.JPG",{"id":648,"source_url":649,"license_code":636,"credit_html":650,"title":651,"description":652,"author":653,"original_width":654,"original_height":655},53330,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10135177","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10135177\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Strontianite-Celestine-54419.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FStrontianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Strontianite\">Strontianite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCelestine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Celestine\">Celestine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Magnesite deposit, Oberdorf an der Laming, Laming valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBruck_an_der_Mur\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bruck an der Mur\">Bruck an der Mur\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FStyria\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Styria\">Styria\u003C\u002Fa>, Austria (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5718.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This fine strontianite specimen has a SUPERB 3.5-cm crystal with the BEST translucency and rich waxy color and high lustre I have yet seen in this material. The crystal is exhibiting stepped growth, which throws off many facets and makes this prettier than ost of your basically-brown minerals tend to be. It looks sparkly, in other words. Added to this is that the strontianite has a contrasting matrix of lustrous, white, celestine crystals, to .3 cm across. The quality of this miniature is incredible - to me, i cannot imagine a better one from the locale and I think this is world class. So did Bill SMith, a noted collector of rarities. He bought this for $3.50 in 1958...a lot of money at the time for a rare locality specimen! These date back to the 1800s, although some have also been found more recently. It i s impossible to say when this came out but i suspect it is an older one due to the fact I haven't seen modern examples of such quality 4.2 x 3.6 x 1.9 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",563,600,{"id":657,"source_url":658,"license_code":636,"credit_html":659,"title":660,"description":661,"author":653,"original_width":662,"original_height":663},53334,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164158","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164158\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Strontianite-Celestine-233133.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FStrontianite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Strontianite\">Strontianite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCelestine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Celestine\">Celestine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Stoneco quarry (Maumee Stone Quarry; Maumee Quarry; Lime City Quarry), Lime City, Wood County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOhio\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ohio\">Ohio\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4055.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 15.4 x 9.5 x 5.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine Ohio large cabinet specimen of lustrous, white strontianite partially pseudomorphing gray celestine crystals on limestone matrix. The huge crystal is 5.3 cm. The crystals look hexagonal, but are in fact, parallel growth. They are white fluorescent and phosphorescent. This very striking two-toned habit is unusual and was found only a few times in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The locality is now only sporadically accessible to collecting but these have not been found in some time, anyways. Ex. George Feist Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,280,{"id":665,"source_url":666,"license_code":419,"credit_html":667,"title":668,"description":669,"author":670,"original_width":488,"original_height":671},59689,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=50268505","user:Lamiot, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=50268505\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","CélestineEtHübnérite Pérou RefE158 MuséumHistoireNaturelleLille GLAM2016 Photo.F.Lamiot p0.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCelestine_(mineral)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Celestine (mineral)\">Celestine\u003C\u002Fa> & \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FH%C3%BCbnerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hübnerite\">Hübnerite\u003C\u002Fa>, from Peru","user:Lamiot",4053,{"id":673,"source_url":674,"license_code":419,"credit_html":675,"title":676,"description":669,"author":670,"original_width":677,"original_height":678},59690,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=50268509","user:Lamiot, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=50268509\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","CélestineEtHübnérite Pérou RefE158 MuséumHistoireNaturelleLille GLAM2016 Photo.F.Lamiot p9.jpg",3382,3221,{"id":680,"source_url":681,"license_code":419,"credit_html":682,"title":683,"description":684,"author":685,"original_width":686,"original_height":687},81284,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44398412","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44398412\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sturmanite, celestine 1100.FS2015 1.jpg","sturmanite, celestite : N’Chwanning II Mine, N’Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape Province, South Africa","Géry PARENT",1981,1319,[689,696,702,709,714],{"id":690,"url":691,"label":692,"formula":693,"spacegroup":694,"year":695},2364,"\u002Fcif\u002F2364.cif","Antao 2012","Sr.966 Fe.001 Ba.001 S O4","P b n m",2012,{"id":697,"url":698,"label":699,"formula":700,"spacegroup":694,"year":701},2365,"\u002Fcif\u002F2365.cif","Jacobsen 1998","Sr S O4",1998,{"id":703,"url":704,"label":705,"formula":706,"spacegroup":707,"year":708},2366,"\u002Fcif\u002F2366.cif","Brigatti 1997","(Sr.87 Ba.13) S O4","P n m a",1997,{"id":710,"url":711,"label":712,"formula":700,"spacegroup":694,"year":713},2367,"\u002Fcif\u002F2367.cif","Miyake 1978",1978,{"id":715,"url":716,"label":717,"formula":700,"spacegroup":707,"year":718},2368,"\u002Fcif\u002F2368.cif","Hawthorne 1975",1975,[720,721,722,723,724,725,726,727,728,729,730,731],"Celestiet","Celestita","Celestite","Coelestine","Coelistin","Eschwegite (of Lévy)","Schätzit","Schützit","Schwefelsaurer Strontianit aus Pennsylvanien","Sicilianite","Strontiane sulfatée","Zölestin",[733,737,741,745,749,753,757,762,768,772,777,781,785,789,793,797,812,816,821,825,829,833,836,842,846,850,853,856,859,863,866,870,874,878,882,885,889,894,897,900,904,908,911,915,919,922,927,930,935,938,941,944,947,950,953,956,959,962,965,968],{"lang":734,"names":735},"ar",[736],"سليستيت",{"lang":738,"names":739},"az",[740],"Selestin",{"lang":742,"names":743},"be",[744],"Цэлесцін",{"lang":746,"names":747},"bs",[748],"Celestit",{"lang":750,"names":751},"ca",[752],"celestina",{"lang":754,"names":755},"cs",[756],"Celestin",{"lang":758,"names":759},"da",[760,761],"Cølestin","SrSO4",{"lang":763,"names":764},"de",[765,766,767,731],"Coelestin","Cölestin","Strontiumerde",{"lang":769,"names":770},"el",[771],"Σελεστίνης",{"lang":773,"names":774},"eo",[775,776],"Celestino","Celestito",{"lang":778,"names":779},"es",[752,780],"celestita",{"lang":782,"names":783},"et",[784],"tsölestiin",{"lang":786,"names":787},"eu",[788],"Zelestina",{"lang":790,"names":791},"fa",[792],"سلستین",{"lang":794,"names":795},"fi",[796],"Selestiini",{"lang":798,"names":799},"fr",[800,801,802,803,804,805,806,807,808,809,810,811],"barytocélestine","calciocélestine","célestine","celestite","coelestine","colestine","dioxynite","eschwegite","schutzite","sicilianite","Sr(SO4)","strontiane sulfatée",{"lang":813,"names":814},"gl",[815],"Celestina",{"lang":817,"names":818},"he",[819,820],"סלסטיט","סלסטין",{"lang":822,"names":823},"hi",[824],"सेलेस्टीन",{"lang":826,"names":827},"hu",[828],"cölesztin",{"lang":830,"names":831},"hy",[832],"Ցելեստին",{"lang":834,"names":835},"it",[815,722],{"lang":837,"names":838},"ja",[839,840,841],"セレスタイト","セレスタイン","天青石",{"lang":843,"names":844},"kk",[845],"Целестин",{"lang":847,"names":848},"kk-arab",[849],"تسەلەستىين",{"lang":851,"names":852},"kk-cn",[849],{"lang":854,"names":855},"kk-cyrl",[845],{"lang":857,"names":858},"kk-kz",[845],{"lang":860,"names":861},"kk-latn",[862],"Celestïn",{"lang":864,"names":865},"kk-tr",[862],{"lang":867,"names":868},"ko",[869],"천청석",{"lang":871,"names":872},"lt",[873],"Celestinas",{"lang":875,"names":876},"mk",[845,877],"Целестин (минерал)",{"lang":879,"names":880},"mn",[881],"Селестин",{"lang":883,"names":884},"ms",[7,722],{"lang":886,"names":887},"nb",[888],"cølestin",{"lang":890,"names":891},"nl",[892,893],"celestien","celestiet",{"lang":895,"names":896},"nn",[888],{"lang":898,"names":899},"oc",[815],{"lang":901,"names":902},"pl",[903],"Celestyn",{"lang":905,"names":906},"pt",[815,907,780,803],"celestine",{"lang":909,"names":910},"pt-br",[752,907,780,803],{"lang":912,"names":913},"ro",[914],"celestină",{"lang":916,"names":917},"ru",[845,918],"Целестит",{"lang":920,"names":921},"sh",[756],{"lang":923,"names":924},"sk",[925,926],"Celestín","Celestín (minerál)",{"lang":928,"names":929},"sl",[756],{"lang":931,"names":932},"sr",[933,845,934],"келестин","целестит",{"lang":936,"names":937},"sr-ec",[845,934],{"lang":939,"names":940},"sv",[756],{"lang":942,"names":943},"uk",[845],{"lang":945,"names":946},"uz",[740],{"lang":948,"names":949},"vi",[756],{"lang":951,"names":952},"zh",[841],{"lang":954,"names":955},"zh-cn",[841],{"lang":957,"names":958},"zh-hans",[841],{"lang":960,"names":961},"zh-hant",[841],{"lang":963,"names":964},"zh-hk",[841],{"lang":966,"names":967},"zh-sg",[841],{"lang":969,"names":970},"zh-tw",[841],"Q407221",{"history":973,"applications":977},{"markdown":974,"model_version":975,"prompt_version":976,"reviewed_at":11},"The name **celestine** comes from the Latin *caelestis* — *celestial* — chosen in allusion to the faint sky-blue colour of the original specimen[1]. The mineral is also commonly called **celestite**, an older form still widespread in the United States, though *celestine* is the name the International Mineralogical Association recognises today.\n\nCrystals from Sicily had been admired in European cabinets through the 18th century, but they were thought to be a barium-rich form of heavy-spar. The element strontium had not yet been recognised, and without it the mineral could not be properly placed[2].\n\nThat recognition arrived from a different corner of Europe. In 1790 Adair Crawford and William Cruickshank examined a lead-mine ore from the Scottish village of Strontian and noticed it behaved differently from any other \"heavy spar\" they knew[3]. The following year, working independently with a fibrous specimen, the German mineralogist Andreas Gotthelf Schütz described what would later be called celestine as *fasriger schwerspath* — \"fibrous heavy-spar\"[2]. Thomas Charles Hope, a chemistry professor at the University of Glasgow, returned to the Strontian material and in 1793 proposed the name *strontites* for the new earth he had found in it[3].\n\nThe connection between the new earth and the Sicilian specimens followed quickly. In 1797 Martin Klaproth, working with a fresh specimen sent from Pennsylvania, renamed Schütz's mineral *schwefelsaurer strontianite aus Pennsylvania* — sulfated strontianite from Pennsylvania — recognising that it carried the same earth[2]. Abraham Gottlob Werner gave the mineral its lasting name in 1798, drawing on the Latin *caelestis* for the pale celestial blue of the type material[2]. Dietrich Ludwig Gustav Karsten tried once more in 1800, proposing *Schützit* in honour of the original describer, but the name did not take[2]. The metal itself was not isolated until 1808, when Humphry Davy reduced a strontium chloride mixture by electrolysis[3].","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":978,"model_version":975,"prompt_version":976,"reviewed_at":11},"Celestine is the dominant ore from which the element strontium is extracted[1]. The mineral is crushed and converted to strontium carbonate by a carbothermic reduction with carbon; from there it enters a handful of distinct supply chains. About 300,000 tonnes are processed in this way each year[2].\n\nThe most visible of those uses is pyrotechnics. Strontium salts burn with a deep red colour, and they are the source of the crimson seen in fireworks displays and military signal flares[2]. This application absorbs roughly five percent of world strontium production[2].\n\nThe largest historical use was something the public never saw. Cathode-ray tube televisions and computer monitors used a leaded faceplate doped with strontium to block the X-rays generated inside the tube. At its peak this single application accounted for about three-quarters of strontium consumption in the United States[2]. The flat-panel transition has gutted that demand, and the share has since collapsed.\n\nOne industrial use has grown into the space the cathode-ray tube left behind. Strontium carbonate is a feedstock for **ferrite magnets** — the inexpensive ceramic magnets used in loudspeakers, small motors, and the magnets that hold notes to a refrigerator door[2].\n\nA medical application has come and gone. **Strontium ranelate** was prescribed for osteoporosis, used to increase bone density in older patients[2]. Cardiovascular safety concerns have steered prescribers toward other treatments and the market has narrowed sharply. A more durable niche sits in the food industry, where strontium compounds drawn from celestine are used in the refining of sugar from sugar beet[3].\n\nSupply is concentrated. The United States has not mined a strontium deposit since 1959 and runs entirely on imports[2]. The bulk of current celestine production comes from four countries: Spain and Iran lead, followed by China and Mexico[2]."]