[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:975":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":22,"key_elements":11,"impurities":11,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":27,"ima_history":29,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":11,"strunz10ed1":30,"strunz10ed2":31,"strunz10ed3":31,"strunz10ed4":11,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":34,"dana8ed4":33,"csystem":35,"cclass":36,"spacegroup":36,"spacegroupset":37,"a":38,"b":39,"c":40,"alpha":31,"beta":41,"gamma":31,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":11,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":42,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":43,"tlform":11,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":31,"vhnmax":31,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":31,"dmeas2":31,"dcalc":31,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":45,"lustretype":45,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":11,"streak":11,"colour":11,"commentcolor":11,"colors":11,"streak_colors":11,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":11,"cleavagetype":11,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":46,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":47,"opticalalpha2":31,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":31,"opticalbeta2":31,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":48,"opticalgamma2":31,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":31,"opticalomega2":31,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":31,"opticalepsilon2":31,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":31,"opticaln2":31,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":31,"optical2vcalc2":31,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":31,"optical2vmeasured2":31,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":49,"rimax":50,"opticaldispersion":51,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":52,"description_short":53,"aboutname":54,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":55,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":56,"group_members":62,"associates":153,"confused_with":162,"type_localities":165,"occurrence_total":4,"citations":172,"images":294,"structures":508,"synonyms":515,"language_names":537,"wikidata_qid":692,"texts":693},975,"1:1:975:1","83fc1520-e57b-4b3e-b751-90af1d74f3ba","Chrysotile","Ctl",0,"mineral",null,11135,4175,false,"Mg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","Mg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",[18,19,20,21],"Mg","Si","O","H",[18,19,20,21],"14.4.4",[25,26],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED",[28],"REDEFINED","Redefined (special procedure) by the IMA in 2007.","9","0","71","1","5","Monoclinic",3,"Cc ","5.340","9.241","14.689","93.66","The most common polytype is (monoclinic) clinochrysotile.","Fibrous, massive",2.5,"Silky","Biaxial","1.569","1.57",1.569,1.57,"r > v or r \u003C v","No designated type material.","Polytypes are clinochrysotile, orthochrysotile, and parachrysotile.  Clinochrysotile represents almost all of the known chrysotile specimens. Orthochrysotile is rare, and parachrysotile is very rare.\r\n\r\nLizardite and antigorite are polymorphs, all in t...","Named in 1843 by Franz von Kobell from the Greek chrysos - \"gold\" and tilos - \"fiber.\"","2026-04-30 08:16:35",[57],{"id":58,"name":59,"entrytype":60,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":11,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":61},470904,"Chrysotile asbestos",2,5711,[63,71,79,85,92,99,107,115,124,132,138,146],{"id":64,"name":65,"entrytype":9,"csystem":66,"ima_formula":67,"mindat_formula":67,"hmin":44,"hmax":36,"dmeas":68,"dcalc":69,"primary_image_id":70},197,"Amesite","Triclinic","Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al(AlSiO\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.77","2.7",1100,{"id":72,"name":73,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":16,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":74,"hmax":75,"dmeas":76,"dcalc":77,"primary_image_id":78},260,"Antigorite",3.5,4,"2.5","2.52",1581,{"id":80,"name":81,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":82,"mindat_formula":82,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"dmeas":31,"dcalc":83,"primary_image_id":84},639,"Berthierine","(Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Al)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.06",3130,{"id":86,"name":87,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":88,"mindat_formula":88,"hmin":44,"hmax":36,"dmeas":89,"dcalc":90,"primary_image_id":91},774,"Brindleyite","(Ni,Al)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.17","3.16",3943,{"id":93,"name":94,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":95,"mindat_formula":95,"hmin":36,"hmax":74,"dmeas":96,"dcalc":97,"primary_image_id":98},913,"Caryopilite","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.83","2.788",4818,{"id":100,"name":101,"entrytype":9,"csystem":102,"ima_formula":103,"mindat_formula":104,"hmin":74,"hmax":74,"dmeas":105,"dcalc":31,"primary_image_id":106},1158,"Cronstedtite","Trigonal","(Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>((Si,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.34",29554,{"id":108,"name":109,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":110,"mindat_formula":111,"hmin":74,"hmax":75,"dmeas":112,"dcalc":113,"primary_image_id":114},1588,"Fraipontite","(Zn,Al)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","(Zn,Al)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>((Si,Al)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.08","3.49",9339,{"id":116,"name":117,"entrytype":9,"csystem":118,"ima_formula":119,"mindat_formula":120,"hmin":75,"hmax":121,"dmeas":122,"dcalc":123,"primary_image_id":11},39763,"Guidottiite","Hexagonal","Mn\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>(SiFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","Mn\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>(Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>SiO\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",4.5,"3.33","3.264",{"id":125,"name":126,"entrytype":9,"csystem":118,"ima_formula":127,"mindat_formula":128,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"dmeas":129,"dcalc":130,"primary_image_id":131},2180,"Kellyite","(Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Mg,Al)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al(AlSiO\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.07","3.11",13109,{"id":133,"name":134,"entrytype":9,"csystem":102,"ima_formula":16,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"dmeas":135,"dcalc":136,"primary_image_id":137},2425,"Lizardite","2.55","2.57",64811,{"id":139,"name":140,"entrytype":9,"csystem":141,"ima_formula":142,"mindat_formula":142,"hmin":60,"hmax":44,"dmeas":143,"dcalc":144,"primary_image_id":145},2882,"Népouite","Orthorhombic","Ni\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.24","3.26",17559,{"id":147,"name":148,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":142,"mindat_formula":149,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":150,"dcalc":151,"primary_image_id":152},3139,"Pecoraite","Ni\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.084","3.47",18965,[154],{"id":155,"name":156,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":157,"mindat_formula":158,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"dmeas":159,"dcalc":160,"primary_image_id":161},377,"Artinite","Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.01","2.047",2121,[163,164],{"id":72,"name":73,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":16,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":74,"hmax":75,"dmeas":76,"dcalc":77,"primary_image_id":78},{"id":133,"name":134,"entrytype":9,"csystem":102,"ima_formula":16,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"dmeas":135,"dcalc":136,"primary_image_id":137},[166],{"id":167,"txt":168,"latitude":169,"longitude":170,"country":171},2579,"Złoty Stok, Gmina Złoty Stok, Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland",50.4446839,16.8755746,"Poland",[173,176,181,186,190,194,199,203,207,212,216,220,224,227,232,237,242,247,251,255,260,265,269,274,279,284,289],{"id":174,"year":11,"html":175,"doi":11},17984357,"von Kobell, F. (1834) Ueber den schillernden Asbest von Reichenstein in Schlesien. Journal für Praktische Chemie 2, 297-298. https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FJournal_fur_praktische_Chemie_2_1834_297.pdf",{"id":177,"year":178,"html":179,"doi":180},465170,1953,"Whittaker, E. J. W. (1953) The structure of chrysotile. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  6 (8) 747-748 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x53002118'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x53002118\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x53002118",{"id":182,"year":183,"html":184,"doi":185},467105,1956,"Whittaker, E. J. W. (1956) The structure of chrysotile. II. Clino-chrysotile. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  9 (11) 855-862 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x5600245x'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x5600245x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x5600245x",{"id":187,"year":183,"html":188,"doi":189},467108,"Whittaker, E. J. W. (1956) The structure of chrysotile. III. Ortho-chrysotile. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  9 (11) 862-864 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x56002461'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x56002461\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x56002461",{"id":191,"year":183,"html":192,"doi":193},467111,"Whittaker, E. J. W. (1956) The structure of chrysotile. IV. Para-chrysotile. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  9 (11) 865-867 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x56002473'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x56002473\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x56002473",{"id":195,"year":196,"html":197,"doi":198},625584,1967,"Yada, K. (1967) Study of chrysotile asbestos by a high resolution electron microscope. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  23 (5) 704-707 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x67003524'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x67003524\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x67003524",{"id":200,"year":201,"html":202,"doi":11},524866,1968,"Page, Norman J. (1968) Chemical differences among the serpentine \"polymorphs\". \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (1-2) 201-215 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM53\u002FAM53_201.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":204,"year":205,"html":206,"doi":11},525414,1970,"Whittaker, E. J. W., Wicks, F. J. (1970) Chemical differences among the serpentine \"polymorphs\": A discussion. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  55 (5-6) 1025-1047 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM55\u002FAM55_1025.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":208,"year":209,"html":210,"doi":211},182980,1971,"Yada, K. (1971) Study of microstructure of chrysotile asbestos by high-resolution electron microscopy. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section A\u003C\u002Fi>,  27 (6) 659-664 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0567739471001402'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0567739471001402\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0567739471001402",{"id":213,"year":214,"html":215,"doi":11},16100833,1975,"Wicks, F.J. and Whittaker, E.J.W. (1975) A reappraisal of the structures of the serpentine minerals. Canadian Mineralogist: 13(3): 227-243.",{"id":217,"year":218,"html":219,"doi":11},15959345,1976,"Cressey, B.A. and Zussman, J. (1976): Electron microscopic studies of serpentinites. Canadian Mineralogist 14, 307-313. https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol14\u002FCM14_307.pdf",{"id":221,"year":222,"html":223,"doi":11},16100835,1979,"Yada, K. (1979) Microstructures of chrysotile and antigorite by high–resolution electron microscopy. The Canadian Mineralogist: 17: 679-691.",{"id":225,"year":222,"html":226,"doi":11},16105374,"Wicks, F.J. (1979) Mineralogy, chemistry and crystallography of chrysotile asbestos. Section I, Part B. In: Mineralogical Techniques of Asbestos Determination (R.L. Ledoux, ed.). Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course Handbook 4: 35-78.",{"id":228,"year":229,"html":230,"doi":231},3245,1981,"Bayliss, Peter (1981) Unit cell data of serpentine group minerals. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  44 (334) 153-156 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1981.044.334.06'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1981.044.334.06\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_44\u002F44-334-153.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1981.044.334.06",{"id":233,"year":234,"html":235,"doi":236},12673137,1994,"MacKenzie, K.J.D., McGavin, D.G. (1994) Thermal and Mössbauer studies of iron-containing hydrous silicates. Part 8. Chrysotile. \u003Ci>Thermochimica Acta\u003C\u002Fi>, 244. 205-221 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0040-6031(94)80220-3'>doi:10.1016\u002F0040-6031(94)80220-3\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0040-6031(94)80220-3",{"id":238,"year":239,"html":240,"doi":241},63842,2003,"Rinaudo, C., Gastaldi, D., Belluso, E. (2003) Characterization of chrysotile, antigorite and lizardite by FT-Raman spectroscopy. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  41 (4). 883-890 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.41.4.883'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.41.4.883\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol41\u002FCM41_883.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.41.4.883",{"id":243,"year":244,"html":245,"doi":246},153083,2004,"Auzende, A.-L., Daniel, I., Reynard, B., Lemaire, C., Guyot, F. (2004) High-pressure behaviour of serpentine minerals: a Raman spectroscopic study. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  31 (5) 269-277 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-004-0384-0'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-004-0384-0\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-004-0384-0",{"id":248,"year":244,"html":249,"doi":250},307359,"Evans, Bernard W. (2004) The Serpentinite Multisystem Revisited: Chrysotile Is Metastable. \u003Ci>International Geology Review\u003C\u002Fi>,  46 (6) 479-506 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2747\u002F0020-6814.46.6.479'>doi:10.2747\u002F0020-6814.46.6.479\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2747\u002F0020-6814.46.6.479",{"id":252,"year":244,"html":253,"doi":254},8221231,"Falini, Giuseppe, Foresti, Elisabetta, Gazzano, Massimo, Gualtieri, Alessandro F., Leoni, Matteo, Lesci, Isidoro G., Roveri, Norberto (2004) Tubular-Shaped Stoichiometric Chrysotile Nanocrystals. \u003Ci>Chemistry - A European Journal\u003C\u002Fi>, 10 (12). 3043-3049 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fchem.200305685'>doi:10.1002\u002Fchem.200305685\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fchem.200305685",{"id":256,"year":257,"html":258,"doi":259},8441853,2005,"Lesci, I. G., Ferrari, S., Foresti, E., Fracasso, G., Leoni, M., Roveri, N. (2005) Synthetic chrysotile: effect of foreign ions on the hydrothermal synthesis. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography\u003C\u002Fi>, 61.  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0108767305085107'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0108767305085107\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0108767305085107",{"id":261,"year":262,"html":263,"doi":264},153297,2006,"Hilairet, N., Daniel, I., Reynard, B. (2006) P–V Equations of State and the relative stabilities of serpentine varieties. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  33 (8) 629-637 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-006-0111-0'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-006-0111-0\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-006-0111-0",{"id":266,"year":262,"html":267,"doi":268},64349,"Burke, Ernst A. J. (2006) A mass discreditation of GQN minerals. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  44 (6) 1557-1560 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.44.6.1557'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.44.6.1557\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM44_1557.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.44.6.1557",{"id":270,"year":271,"html":272,"doi":273},396480,2010,"Viti, C. (2010) Serpentine minerals discrimination by thermal analysis. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  95 (4) 631-638 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2010.3366'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2010.3366\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2010.3366",{"id":275,"year":276,"html":277,"doi":278},16558992,2011,"Ristić, Mira, Czakó-Nagy, Ilona, Musić, Svetozar, Vértes, Attila (2011) Spectroscopic characterization of chrysotile asbestos from different regions. \u003Ci>Journal of Molecular Structure\u003C\u002Fi>,  993 (1) 120-126 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.molstruc.2010.10.005'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.molstruc.2010.10.005\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.molstruc.2010.10.005",{"id":280,"year":281,"html":282,"doi":283},16100861,2020,"SAKAGUCHI, Ilona, KOUKETSU, Yui, MICHIBAYASHI, Katsuyoshi, WALLIS, Simon R. (2020) Attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR–IR) spectroscopy of antigorite, chrysotile, and lizardite. \u003Ci>Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  115 (4). 303-312 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fjmps.190807'>doi:10.2465\u002Fjmps.190807\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fjmps.190807",{"id":285,"year":286,"html":287,"doi":288},17069006,2021,"Fritsch, Emmanuel, Balan, Etienne, Petit, Sabine, Juillot, Farid (2021) Structural, textural, and chemical controls on the OH stretching vibrations in serpentine-group minerals. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  33 (4) 447-462 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5194\u002Fejm-33-447-2021'>doi:10.5194\u002Fejm-33-447-2021\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fejm.copernicus.org\u002Farticles\u002F33\u002F447\u002F2021\u002Fejm-33-447-2021.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.5194\u002Fejm-33-447-2021",{"id":290,"year":291,"html":292,"doi":293},17180326,2024,"Ji, Shichao, Huang, Fang, Wang, Shaoze, Gupta, Priyantan, Seyfried, William, Zhang, Hejia, Chu, Xu, Cao, Wentao, ZhangZhou, J (2024) Identifying serpentine minerals by their chemical compositions with machine learning. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  109 (2) 315-324 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8688'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8688\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8688",[295,305,312,322,328,333,342,348,356,361,366,376,385,395,400,409,416,423,432,439,447,454,463,472,478,484,493,498,503],{"id":296,"source_url":297,"license_code":298,"credit_html":299,"title":300,"description":301,"author":302,"original_width":303,"original_height":304},5708,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1261530","CC BY-SA 2.5","Eurico Zimbres, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1261530\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chrysotile 1.jpg","Chrysotile mineral, Brazil","Eurico Zimbres",1348,900,{"id":306,"source_url":307,"license_code":308,"credit_html":309,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":310,"original_height":311},29478,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61873","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61873\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,749,{"id":313,"source_url":314,"license_code":315,"credit_html":316,"title":317,"description":318,"author":319,"original_width":320,"original_height":321},49262,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=244234","CC BY-SA 3.0","No machine-readable author provided. Vsmith assumed (based on copyright claims)., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=244234\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chrysotile.jpg","Chrysotile serpentine, Salt River, Arizona. From my personal collection - image made by me.","No machine-readable author provided. Vsmith assumed (based on copyright claims).",415,335,{"id":323,"source_url":324,"license_code":325,"credit_html":326,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":310,"original_height":327},29479,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F118902","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F118902\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",666,{"id":329,"source_url":330,"license_code":308,"credit_html":331,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":310,"original_height":332},29480,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F125747","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F125747\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",750,{"id":334,"source_url":335,"license_code":315,"credit_html":336,"title":337,"description":338,"author":339,"original_width":340,"original_height":341},49263,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=3099358","Aangelo, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=3099358\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Crisotilo - Swaziland, Sud Africa 01.jpg","Chrysotile - Swaziland, South Africa","Aangelo",3264,2448,{"id":343,"source_url":344,"license_code":308,"credit_html":345,"title":346,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":310,"original_height":347},29481,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F127845","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F127845\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana","Sandstone",709,{"id":349,"source_url":350,"license_code":315,"credit_html":351,"title":352,"description":353,"author":354,"original_width":355,"original_height":108},49264,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5928347","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5928347\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chrysotile from Rumpendorf (Bgld).JPG","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChrysotile\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chrysotile\">Chrysotile\u003C\u002Fa> (Synonym: Picrosmine, Pikrosmin, Serpentinite), from Rumpendorf (Bgld)","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike)",2124,{"id":357,"source_url":358,"license_code":308,"credit_html":359,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":360,"original_height":310},29482,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65401","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65401\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",938,{"id":362,"source_url":363,"license_code":308,"credit_html":364,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":310,"original_height":365},29483,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65460","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65460\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",538,{"id":367,"source_url":368,"license_code":369,"credit_html":370,"title":371,"description":372,"author":373,"original_width":374,"original_height":375},49266,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10289362","Public domain","Janice Haney Carr, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10289362\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chrysotile SEM photo.jpg","Under a high magnification of 1200X, this scanning electron micrograph (SEM) revealed some of the microcrystalline ultrastructure exhibited by a piece of raw chrysotile, or white asbestos, which had been excavated from the Lowell Asbestos Mine on Belvidere Mountain, Vermont.\n\u003Cp>Note the elongated crystalline structure, and how the fibrils are arranged in both bundles, and as singular serpentine units. See PHIL 11034 through PHIL 11066, for additional photomicrographic views of this material.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The levels of asbestos in air that lead to lung disease depend on several factors. The most important of these are (1) how long you were exposed, (2) how long it has been since your exposure started, and (3) whether you smoked cigarettes. Cigarette smoking, and asbestos exposure increase your chances of getting lung cancer.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Asbestos workers have increased chances of getting two principal types of cancer: cancer of the lung tissue itself and mesothelioma, a cancer of the thin membrane that surrounds the lung and other internal organs. These diseases do not develop immediately following exposure to asbestos, but appear only after a number of years. There is also some evidence from studies of workers that breathing asbestos can increase the chances of getting cancer in other locations (for example, the stomach, intestines, esophagus, pancreas, and kidneys), but this is less certain. Members of the public who are exposed to lower levels of asbestos may also have increased chances of getting cancer, but the risks are usually small and are difficult to measure directly. Lung cancer is usually fatal, while mesothelioma is almost always fatal, often within a few months of diagnosis. Some scientists believe that early identification and intervention of mesothelioma may increase survival.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nCopyright Restrictions:\tNone - This image is in the public domain and thus free of any copyright restrictions. As a matter of courtesy we request that the content provider be credited and notified in any public or private usage of this image.","Janice Haney Carr",700,470,{"id":377,"source_url":378,"license_code":369,"credit_html":379,"title":380,"description":381,"author":382,"original_width":383,"original_height":384},49267,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22923839","John Krygier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22923839\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chrysotile, Serpentine Group-346843.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChrysotile\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chrysotile\">Chrysotile\u003C\u002Fa>, Serpentine group (Dimensions: close-up about 1.5\" across; entire specimen 3\" x 2\" x .5\")\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Asbestos mine, Thurman Township, Warren County, New York, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Fuzzy chrysotile in deep green serpentine from an old asbestos mine in Thurman New York.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","John Krygier",1024,768,{"id":386,"source_url":387,"license_code":388,"credit_html":389,"title":390,"description":391,"author":392,"original_width":393,"original_height":394},5715,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163487382","CC0 1.0","Nessa Eull, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163487382\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chrysotile and asbestos (GeoDIL number - 2527).jpg","Chrysotile is a form of serpentine, a hydrous silicate of magnesium. It occurs in crystalline form only as a pseudomorph having the form of some other mineral and is generally found in the form of chrysotile (silky fibers), antigorite and lizardite. Chrysotile is also known as commercial asbestoswhic. This sample also contains asbestos. Asbestos is common name for any of a variety of silicate minerals within the amphibole and serpentine groups that are fibrous in structure and more or less resistant to acid and fire. Chrysotile asbestos, a form of serpentine, is the chief commercial asbestos. This hand sample is about 10 cm in length.","Nessa Eull",1836,1876,{"id":396,"source_url":397,"license_code":369,"credit_html":398,"title":399,"description":381,"author":382,"original_width":383,"original_height":384},49268,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22923842","John Krygier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22923842\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chrysotile, Serpentine Group-346844.jpg",{"id":401,"source_url":402,"license_code":308,"credit_html":403,"title":404,"description":405,"author":406,"original_width":407,"original_height":408},49271,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82985124","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82985124\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202790 photo (g28 g28-386 1 jpg).jpg","\"krüsotüülasbest\", \"krüsotüül\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F92319\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202790\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>","Mai Seppel",2618,2205,{"id":410,"source_url":411,"license_code":308,"credit_html":412,"title":413,"description":414,"author":406,"original_width":415,"original_height":408},49272,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83016922","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83016922\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202789 photo (g28 g28-385 1 jpg).jpg","\"mineraalid\", \"krüsotüül (lehekesed karbis)\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F92313\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202789\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>",4409,{"id":417,"source_url":418,"license_code":308,"credit_html":419,"title":420,"description":421,"author":406,"original_width":422,"original_height":408},49273,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83081621","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83081621\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202412 photo (g27 g27-777 1 jpg).jpg","\"krüsotüülasbest\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65401\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202412\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>",2067,{"id":424,"source_url":425,"license_code":426,"credit_html":427,"title":428,"description":429,"author":430,"original_width":431,"original_height":178},49275,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=96249692","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=96249692\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chrysotile (Thetford Mines Ophiolite Complex, Ordovician; Thetford, Quebec, Canada) 1.jpg","Chrysotile from the Ordovician of Quebec, Canada.\n\u003Cp>Chrysotile is a serpentine-group mineral having the formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 - magnesium hydroxy-silicate.  It has a greenish to whitish color, a nonmetallic, silky luster, a white streak, is moderately soft (about 2.5 on the Mohs Hardness Scale), and has a fibrous fracture - the fibers are flexible.  Chrysotile is often referred to as \"white asbestos\".\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Chrysotile is a component of many serpentinites, a light green to dark green to blackish colored metamorphic rock.  Serpentinites form by metamorphism of olivine-rich peridotites in the presence of water.  If chrysotile is present, it's often in the form of \"veins\" - fractures subsequently filled with white asbestos fibers.  The Thetford, Quebec sample seen here is a from a chrysotile vein.  This type of occurrence has been called \"vein serpentinite\" (e.g., Coleman, 1971).  Thetford area serpentinites represent ancient oceanic lithosphere peridotites that were metamorphosed during the Taconic Orogeny in the Ordovician.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Geologic unit: Thetford Mines Ophiolite Complex, Ordovician\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: undisclosed\u002Funrecorded site at or near the town of Thetford (Thetford Mines) (but likely from an asbestos mine), southeastern Mégantic County, southern Quebec, Chaudiere Appalachians, south of the St. Lawrence River, southeastern Canada\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Reference cited:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nColeman (1971) - Petrologic and geophysical nature of serpentinites.  Geological Society of America Bulletin 82: 897-918.","James St. John",3210,{"id":433,"source_url":434,"license_code":426,"credit_html":435,"title":436,"description":429,"author":430,"original_width":437,"original_height":438},49276,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=96249694","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=96249694\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chrysotile (Thetford Mines Ophiolite Complex, Ordovician; Thetford, Quebec, Canada) 2.jpg",2673,2277,{"id":440,"source_url":441,"license_code":426,"credit_html":442,"title":443,"description":444,"author":430,"original_width":445,"original_height":446},49277,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=105474864","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=105474864\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chrysotile 8.jpg","Chrysotile is a serpentine-group mineral having the formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 - magnesium hydroxy-silicate.  It has a greenish to yellowish-brown to whitish color, a nonmetallic, silky luster, a white streak, is moderately soft (about 2.5 on the Mohs Hardness Scale), and has a fibrous fracture - the fibers are flexible.  Chrysotile is often referred to as \"white asbestos\".\n\u003Cp>Chrysotile is a component of many serpentinites, a light green to dark green to blackish colored metamorphic rock.  Serpentinites form by metamorphism of olivine-rich peridotites in the presence of water.  If chrysotile is present, it's often in the form of \"veins\" - fractures subsequently filled with white asbestos fibers.  This type of occurrence has been called \"vein serpentinite\" (e.g., Coleman, 1971).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Reference cited:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nColeman (1971) - Petrologic and geophysical nature of serpentinites.  Geological Society of America Bulletin 82: 897-918.",3468,1793,{"id":448,"source_url":449,"license_code":426,"credit_html":450,"title":451,"description":444,"author":430,"original_width":452,"original_height":453},49278,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=105474868","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=105474868\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chrysotile 7.jpg",4000,1855,{"id":455,"source_url":456,"license_code":308,"credit_html":457,"title":458,"description":459,"author":460,"original_width":461,"original_height":462},49280,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=158855843","Горбунова М.С., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=158855843\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Хризотил (белый асбест).jpg","rock museum collection","Горбунова М.С.",4795,3176,{"id":464,"source_url":465,"license_code":369,"credit_html":466,"title":467,"description":468,"author":469,"original_width":470,"original_height":471},49269,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22923981","Andrew Silver, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22923981\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chrysotile - USGS Mineral Specimens 302.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChrysotile\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chrysotile\">Chrysotile\u003C\u002Fa> (pen for scale)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Mineral collection of Brigham Young University Department of Geology, Provo, Utah. No BYU index\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Andrew Silver",1400,1075,{"id":473,"source_url":474,"license_code":369,"credit_html":475,"title":476,"description":468,"author":469,"original_width":470,"original_height":477},49270,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22924005","Andrew Silver, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22924005\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chrysotile - USGS Mineral Specimens 303.jpg",951,{"id":479,"source_url":480,"license_code":369,"credit_html":481,"title":482,"description":483,"author":382,"original_width":383,"original_height":384},14667,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=23646770","John Krygier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=23646770\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lizardite, Chrysotile-288580.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLizardite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lizardite\">Lizardite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChrysotile\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chrysotile\">Chrysotile\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Dimensions: close-up: 1\" wide, entire specimen 3.5\" x 2\" x 2\"\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Gordon's Crystalline Limestone Quarry, Montville, Morris Co., New Jersey, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Vivid, deep green and bronze lizardite. The first child photo shows the entire specimen, with a nicely contrastive streak of pearly chrysotile cutting across it. The second child photo shows the reverse side of the specimen. An old collection specimen with a tag dated 1916 from the John Weigand collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":485,"source_url":486,"license_code":315,"credit_html":487,"title":488,"description":489,"author":490,"original_width":491,"original_height":492},8337,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=61926189","Tiia Monto, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=61926189\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Chrysotil.jpg","Chrysotil, Augsburg Naturmuseum.","Tiia Monto",555,537,{"id":494,"source_url":495,"license_code":369,"credit_html":496,"title":497,"description":483,"author":382,"original_width":383,"original_height":384},14668,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=23646775","John Krygier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=23646775\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lizardite, Chrysotile-288582.jpg",{"id":499,"source_url":500,"license_code":369,"credit_html":501,"title":502,"description":483,"author":382,"original_width":383,"original_height":384},14669,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=23646777","John Krygier, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=23646777\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lizardite, Chrysotile-288581.jpg",{"id":504,"source_url":505,"license_code":308,"credit_html":506,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":310,"original_height":507},87985,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128032","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F128032\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",886,[509],{"id":510,"url":511,"label":512,"formula":513,"spacegroup":514,"year":244},2780,"\u002Fcif\u002F2780.cif","Falini 2004","Mg3 Si2 O9 H4","C 1 c 1",[516,517,518,519,520,521,522,523,524,525,526,527,528,529,530,531,532,533,534,535,536],"Bostonit","Bostonita","Canadian asbestos","Chrysotile-alpha","Cyphoîte","Karystiolit","Karystiolite","Krysolith","Kuphoit","Kuphoite","Kupholit","Kupholita","Kupholite","Lefkasbest","Lefkasbestos","Picrosmine","Pikrosmin","Schweizerit","Weißasbest","White Asbestos","α-Chrysotile",[538,542,546,550,554,558,561,567,574,578,582,587,591,595,599,603,607,612,616,619,623,627,631,634,637,641,645,648,652,655,659,663,666,669,673,680,683,686,689],{"lang":539,"names":540},"af",[541],"Chrisotiel",{"lang":543,"names":544},"ar",[545],"أسبست السيربنتين",{"lang":547,"names":548},"bn",[549],"ক্রাইসোটাইল",{"lang":551,"names":552},"ca",[553],"crisòtil",{"lang":555,"names":556},"cs",[557],"Chrysotil",{"lang":559,"names":560},"de",[557],{"lang":562,"names":563},"es",[564,565,566],"crisolita","crisólito","crisotilo",{"lang":568,"names":569},"et",[570,571,572,573],"krüsotiil","krüsotiilasbest","krüsotüül","krüsotüülasbest",{"lang":575,"names":576},"eu",[577],"Krisotilo",{"lang":579,"names":580},"fa",[581],"کریزوتیل",{"lang":583,"names":584},"fi",[585,586],"krysotiili","valkoinen asbesti",{"lang":588,"names":589},"fr",[590],"chrysotile",{"lang":592,"names":593},"ga",[594],"crisitíl",{"lang":596,"names":597},"he",[598],"כריזוטיל",{"lang":600,"names":601},"hr",[602],"Krizotil",{"lang":604,"names":605},"it",[606],"Crisotilo",{"lang":608,"names":609},"ja",[610,611],"クリソタイル","単斜クリソタイル石",{"lang":613,"names":614},"kk",[615],"Хризотил",{"lang":617,"names":618},"mk",[615],{"lang":620,"names":621},"mn",[622],"Крисотил",{"lang":624,"names":625},"nb",[626],"krysotil",{"lang":628,"names":629},"nl",[630],"chrysotiel",{"lang":632,"names":633},"nn",[626],{"lang":635,"names":636},"oc",[590],{"lang":638,"names":639},"pl",[640],"chryzotyl",{"lang":642,"names":643},"pt",[644],"crisótilo",{"lang":646,"names":647},"ru",[615],{"lang":649,"names":650},"sk",[651],"Chryzotil",{"lang":653,"names":654},"sl",[602],{"lang":656,"names":657},"sr",[658],"ортохризотил",{"lang":660,"names":661},"sv",[662],"Krysotil",{"lang":664,"names":665},"tr",[602],{"lang":667,"names":668},"uk",[615],{"lang":670,"names":671},"vi",[672],"Amiăng trắng",{"lang":674,"names":675},"zh",[676,677,678,679],"温石棉","溫石棉","纖蛇紋石","纤蛇纹石",{"lang":681,"names":682},"zh-cn",[679],{"lang":684,"names":685},"zh-hans",[679],{"lang":687,"names":688},"zh-hant",[678],{"lang":690,"names":691},"zh-tw",[678],"Q118781",{"history":11,"applications":11}]