[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1070":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":16,"ima_formula":15,"elements":17,"sigelements":23,"key_elements":11,"impurities":24,"cim":25,"ima_status":26,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":29,"strunz10ed1":30,"strunz10ed2":31,"strunz10ed3":32,"strunz10ed4":33,"dana8ed1":34,"dana8ed2":35,"dana8ed3":36,"dana8ed4":35,"csystem":37,"cclass":38,"spacegroup":39,"spacegroupset":40,"a":41,"b":42,"c":43,"alpha":44,"beta":45,"gamma":44,"aerror":46,"berror":38,"cerror":47,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":47,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":48,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":49,"twinning":50,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":51,"tlform":11,"hmin":48,"hmax":52,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":44,"vhnmax":44,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":53,"dmeas2":54,"dcalc":55,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":56,"lustretype":57,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":58,"streak":59,"colour":60,"commentcolor":61,"colors":62,"streak_colors":68,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":69,"cleavagetype":70,"fracturetype":71,"tenacity":72,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":73,"opticalsign":74,"opticalalpha":75,"opticalalpha2":76,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":75,"opticalbeta2":77,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":78,"opticalgamma2":79,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":44,"opticalomega2":44,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":44,"opticalepsilon2":44,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":44,"opticaln2":44,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":44,"optical2vcalc2":80,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":44,"optical2vmeasured2":81,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":82,"rimax":83,"opticaldispersion":84,"opticalpleochroism":85,"opticalpleochorismdesc":86,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":87,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":88,"aboutname":89,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":90,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":91,"group_members":136,"associates":227,"confused_with":264,"type_localities":265,"occurrence_total":272,"citations":273,"images":400,"structures":587,"synonyms":617,"language_names":629,"wikidata_qid":711,"texts":712},1070,"1:1:1070:8","bf7559f1-7aa6-4577-8ba3-c2c209c692de","Clinochlore","Clc",0,"mineral",null,1016,20812,false,"Mg\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Al(AlSi\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","Often contains considerable Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>, grading into chamosite.",[18,19,20,21,22],"Al","Mg","Si","O","H",[18,19,20,21,22],"Fe,Mn,Zn,Ca,Cr","16.19.17",[27,28],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1851","9","E","C","55","71","4","1","Monoclinic",5,11,"C2\u002Fm ","5.350","9.267","14.27","0","96.35",3,1,2,"Polytype IIb?   6 polytypes possible","Plane {001}, axis [310], composition plane {001}","Thin to thick pseudohexagonal platey crystals; rarely fibrous.",2.5,"2.6","3.02","2.628","Vitreous, Pearly","Greasy,Pearly,Dull","Transparent,Translucent","Greenish white to white","Green, yellowish green, olive green, blackish green, bluish green, white, pink","End-member clinochlore is white to colorless. Ferrous and ferric iron substitutions may darken the colour of clinochlore to medium or dark green and near-black. Chromian clinochlores may be pink to purple. Other substitutions may change the colour to golden brown.",[63,64,65,66,67],"green","yellow","white","pink","blue",[63,65],"{001} Perfect","Perfect","Micaceous","flexible","Biaxial","+","1.571","1.588","1.589","1.576","1.599","36","40",1.571,1.599,"r \u003C v","Visible","X= light yellow-green to light blue-green\r\nY=Z= light greenish yellow to light blue-green","Hydrothermal alteration product of amphibole, pyroxene, and biotite in many igneous rocks. An important rock forming mineral in many sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.","The VIAl analogue of vakhrushevaite.\r\n\r\nOne of the most common members of the chlorite group. It forms a solid solution series with its also very common Fe2+-analogue chamosite.  \r\nBecause iron-bearing clinochlore may be variably oxidized, its appearan...","Named in 1851 by William Phipps Blake from the Greek κλινειν \"klinein\", \"to incline\", in allusion to the inclined optic axes and the Greek χλωρο \"chloros,\" for \"green,\" its typical color. Clinochlore was originally named chlorite in 1789 by Abraham Gottlob Werner from the Greek χλωρο \"chloros,\" for \"green,\" its typical color. There are many named synonyms or varieties of clinochlore. Many names that have been attributed to minerals now called clinochlore, as well as chamosite, include: baltimorite, berlauite, chlorite, chlorophaeite, chromchlorit, corundophilite, daphnite, delessite, diabantite, euralite, faecherstein, grengesite, grochauite, helminthe, kaemmererite, kotschubeite, leuchtenbergite, lophoite, ogkoite, pattersonite, pennine, penninite, prochlorite, pyknochlorite, rhodochrome, rhodophyllite, ripidolite, rumpfite, seraphinite, sheridanite, specksten, talgsten, and many others.","2025-12-09 10:44:06",[92,97,102,107,111,115,119,122,127,131],{"id":93,"name":94,"entrytype":48,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":95,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":44,"dcalc":44,"primary_image_id":96},2149,"Chromium-bearing 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· Al\u003Csub>2.33\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>","Al\u003Csub>4.33\u003C\u002Fsub>(AlSi\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.63",7335,{"id":179,"name":180,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":181,"mindat_formula":182,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":183,"dcalc":184,"primary_image_id":11},1597,"Franklinfurnaceite","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>Zn\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>(Zn\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.66","3.74",{"id":186,"name":187,"entrytype":9,"csystem":140,"ima_formula":188,"mindat_formula":189,"hmin":46,"hmax":38,"dmeas":190,"dcalc":191,"primary_image_id":11},28914,"Glagolevite","Na(Mg,Al)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH,O)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","Na(Mg,Al)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(AlSi\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH,O)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.66","2.61",{"id":193,"name":194,"entrytype":9,"csystem":195,"ima_formula":196,"mindat_formula":197,"hmin":52,"hmax":52,"dmeas":198,"dcalc":199,"primary_image_id":200},1725,"Gonyerite","Orthorhombic","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>(Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.01","3.03",10212,{"id":202,"name":203,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":204,"mindat_formula":205,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":206,"dcalc":207,"primary_image_id":208},2905,"Nimite","(Ni,Mg,Al)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","Ni\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Al(AlSi\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.123","3.21",17708,{"id":210,"name":211,"entrytype":9,"csystem":140,"ima_formula":212,"mindat_formula":213,"hmin":48,"hmax":52,"dmeas":214,"dcalc":215,"primary_image_id":11},3150,"Pennantite","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Al(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Al(AlSi\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.89","3.18",{"id":217,"name":218,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":219,"mindat_formula":220,"hmin":52,"hmax":167,"dmeas":176,"dcalc":221,"primary_image_id":222},3820,"Sudoite","Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(AlSi\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.653",23189,{"id":224,"name":225,"entrytype":9,"csystem":140,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":226,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},488785,"Vakhrushevaite","Mg\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Cr(AlSi\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>",[228,236,243,251,259],{"id":229,"name":230,"entrytype":9,"csystem":231,"ima_formula":232,"mindat_formula":233,"hmin":234,"hmax":234,"dmeas":44,"dcalc":235,"primary_image_id":11},9,"Abswurmbachite","Tetragonal","Cu\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","CuMn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>",6.5,"4.96",{"id":237,"name":238,"entrytype":9,"csystem":231,"ima_formula":239,"mindat_formula":239,"hmin":48,"hmax":52,"dmeas":240,"dcalc":241,"primary_image_id":242},683,"Bismoclite","BiOCl","7.36","7.784",3339,{"id":244,"name":245,"entrytype":9,"csystem":246,"ima_formula":247,"mindat_formula":248,"hmin":167,"hmax":167,"dmeas":249,"dcalc":44,"primary_image_id":250},1158,"Cronstedtite","Trigonal","(Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>((Si,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.34",29554,{"id":252,"name":253,"entrytype":9,"csystem":254,"ima_formula":255,"mindat_formula":255,"hmin":234,"hmax":256,"dmeas":257,"dcalc":257,"primary_image_id":258},1755,"Grossular","Isometric","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",7,"3.594",29814,{"id":260,"name":261,"entrytype":9,"csystem":231,"ima_formula":262,"mindat_formula":262,"hmin":38,"hmax":38,"dmeas":44,"dcalc":263,"primary_image_id":11},7251,"Pretulite","Sc(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.71",[],[266],{"id":267,"txt":268,"latitude":269,"longitude":270,"country":271},8871,"Brinton's Quarry, Westtown Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, USA",39.9147213,-75.5940801,"USA",1955,[274,278,282,286,290,295,300,303,308,313,317,322,327,332,336,340,345,350,354,359,364,368,373,378,383,387,392,396],{"id":275,"year":276,"html":277,"doi":11},523945,1963,"Segnit, E. R. (1963) Synthesis of clinochlore at high pressures. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  48 (9-10) 1080-1089 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM48\u002FAM48_1080.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":279,"year":280,"html":281,"doi":11},526273,1974,"Chernosky, Joseph V. (1974) The upper stability of clinochlore at low pressure and the free energy of formation of Mg-cordierite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  59 (5-6) 496-507 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM59\u002FAM59_496.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":283,"year":284,"html":285,"doi":11},526984,1978,"Chernosky, Joseph V. Jr. (1978) The stability of clinochlore + quartz at low pressure. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  63 (1-2) 73-82 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM63\u002FAM63_73.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":287,"year":288,"html":289,"doi":11},527895,1984,"Spinnler, Gerard E., Self Peter G., Iijima, Sumio, Buseck, Peter R. (1984) Stacking disorder in clinochlore chlorite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  69 (3-4) 252-263 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM69\u002FAM69_252.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":291,"year":292,"html":293,"doi":294},146231,1986,"Berg, Richard B. (1986) Clinochlore from the Silver Star District, Madison County, Montana. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  34 (4) 496-498 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1986.0340417'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1986.0340417\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1986.0340417",{"id":296,"year":297,"html":298,"doi":299},146288,1987,"Rule, Audrey C. (1987) Refinement of the Crystal Structure of a Monoclinic Ferroan Clinochlore. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  35 (2) 129-138 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1987.0350205'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1987.0350205\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1987.0350205",{"id":301,"year":297,"html":302,"doi":11},16154438,"Sarp, H., Perroud, P., Bertrand, J., and Cabalzar, W. (1987) Découverte de clinochlore manganésifère à Falotta, Grisons, Suisse. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 67, 225-227.",{"id":304,"year":305,"html":306,"doi":307},1160308,1989,"Chernosky, J. V., Berman, R. G. (1989) Experimental reversal of the equilibrium: clinochlore + 2 magnesite = 3 forsterite + spinel + 2 CO2 + 4 H2O and revised thermodynamic properties for magnesite. \u003Ci>American Journal of Science\u003C\u002Fi>,  289 (3). 249-266 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2475\u002Fajs.289.3.249'>doi:10.2475\u002Fajs.289.3.249\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2475\u002Fajs.289.3.249",{"id":309,"year":310,"html":311,"doi":312},147016,1994,"Villieras, F. (1994) Development of Microporosity in Clinochlore Upon Heating. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  42 (6) 679-688 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1994.0420604'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1994.0420604\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1994.0420604",{"id":314,"year":310,"html":315,"doi":316},127179,"Roots, Madis (1994) Molar volumes on the clinochlore-amesite binary: some new data. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  6 (2) 279-284 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F6\u002F2\u002F0279'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F6\u002F2\u002F0279\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F6\u002F2\u002F0279",{"id":318,"year":319,"html":320,"doi":321},393303,1995,"Welch, Mark D., Barras, Jamie, Klinowski, Jacek (1995) A multinuclear NMR study of clinochlore. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  80 (5) 441-447 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-1995-5-603'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-1995-5-603\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol80\u002FAM80_441.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-1995-5-603",{"id":323,"year":324,"html":325,"doi":326},127431,1996,"Anceau, Annick (1996) Sudoite, Al-rich Li-Mg-bearing chlorite, clinochlore and kaolinite as alteration products of biotite in Visean K-bentonites from Belgium. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  8 (3) 493-506 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F8\u002F3\u002F0493'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F8\u002F3\u002F0493\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F8\u002F3\u002F0493",{"id":328,"year":329,"html":330,"doi":331},147286,1997,"Smyth, Joseph R. (1997) Crystal Structure Refinement and Mössbauer Spectroscopy of an Ordered, Triclinic Clinochlore. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  45 (4) 544-550 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1997.0450406'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1997.0450406\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1997.0450406",{"id":333,"year":334,"html":335,"doi":11},16963733,2001,"(2001) Clinochlore. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fclinochlore.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":337,"year":334,"html":338,"doi":339},394345,"Welch, Mark D., Marshall, William G. (2001) High-pressure behavior of clinochlore. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  86 (11) 1380-1386 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2001-11-1206'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2001-11-1206\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol86\u002FAM86_1380.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2001-11-1206",{"id":341,"year":342,"html":343,"doi":344},147746,2002,"Aja, Stephen U. (2002) The stability of Fe-Mg chlorites in hydrothermal solutions: II. Thermodynamic properties. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  50 (5). 591-600 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002F000986002320679323'>doi:10.1346\u002F000986002320679323\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002F000986002320679323",{"id":346,"year":347,"html":348,"doi":349},78211,2003,"Pawley, Alison (2003) Chlorite stability in mantle peridotite: the reaction clinochlore+enstatite=forsterite+pyrope+H2O. \u003Ci>Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  144 (4) 449-456 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00410-002-0409-y'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00410-002-0409-y\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00410-002-0409-y",{"id":351,"year":347,"html":352,"doi":353},564088,"Ferrage, E., Martin, F., Micoud, P., Petit, S., De Parseval, P., Beziat, D., Ferret, J . (2003) Cation site distribution in clinochlores: a NIR approach. \u003Ci>Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  38 (3). 329-338 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002F0009855033830099'>doi:10.1180\u002F0009855033830099\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002F0009855033830099",{"id":355,"year":356,"html":357,"doi":358},395115,2004,"Welch, Mark D., Kleppe, Annette K., Jephcoat, Andrew P. (2004) Novel high-pressure behavior in chlorite: A synchrotron XRD study of clinochlore to 27 GPa. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  89 (8) 1337-1340 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2004-8-923'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2004-8-923\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2004-8-923",{"id":360,"year":361,"html":362,"doi":363},153511,2009,"Hemanthkumar, G. N., Parthasarathy, G., Chakradhar, R. P. S., Omkaram, I., Lakshmana Rao, J., Ratnakaram, Y. C. (2009) Electron paramagnetic resonance studies on clinochlore from Longitudinal Valley area, northeastern Taiwan. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  36 (8) 447-453 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-009-0291-5'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-009-0291-5\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-009-0291-5",{"id":365,"year":366,"html":367,"doi":11},16333509,2011,"Grguric, Ben A.; Jones, Sarah; Gray, Sebastian (2011) Chromian clinochlore from Coobina, Pilbara Province, Western Australia. \u003Ci>Australian Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  16 (1). 35-37",{"id":369,"year":370,"html":371,"doi":372},148665,2015,"Aja, Stephen, Omotoso, Oladipo, Bertoldi, Christian, Dachs, Edgar, Benisek, Artur (2015) The Structure and Thermochemistry of Three Fe-Mg Chlorites. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  63 (5) 351-367 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.2015.0630502'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.2015.0630502\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.2015.0630502",{"id":374,"year":375,"html":376,"doi":377},13100255,2020,"Ulian, Gianfranco, Moro, Daniele, Valdrè, Giovanni (2020) Infrared and Raman spectroscopic features of clinochlore Mg6Si4O10(OH)8: A density functional theory contribution. \u003Ci>Applied Clay Science\u003C\u002Fi>, 197. 105779pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.clay.2020.105779'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.clay.2020.105779\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.clay.2020.105779",{"id":379,"year":380,"html":381,"doi":382},17156151,2022,"Kostov-Kytin, Vladislav, Petrov, Petko, Encheva, Svetlana (2022) Rietveld refinement of chromian clinochlore from the chromitites of Golyamo Kamenyane serpentinite (Eastern Rhodopes), in \u003Ci>Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society\u003C\u002Fi>. \u003Ci>Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  83 (1) 27-38 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.52215\u002Frev.bgs.2022.83.1.27'>doi:10.52215\u002Frev.bgs.2022.83.1.27\u003C\u002Fa>","10.52215\u002Frev.bgs.2022.83.1.27",{"id":384,"year":380,"html":385,"doi":386},15356680,"de Oliveira, Raphaela, Guallichico, Luis A.G., Policarpo, Eduardo, Cadore, Alisson R., Freitas, Raul O., da Silva, Francisco M.C., de C. Teixeira, Verônica, Paniago, Roberto M., Chacham, Helio, Matos, Matheus J.S., Malachias, Angelo, Krambrock, Klaus, Barcelos, Ingrid D. (2022) High throughput investigation of an emergent and naturally abundant 2D material: Clinochlore. \u003Ci>Applied Surface Science\u003C\u002Fi>, 599. 153959 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.apsusc.2022.153959'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.apsusc.2022.153959\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.apsusc.2022.153959",{"id":388,"year":389,"html":390,"doi":391},17607088,2024,"de Oliveira, Raphaela, Freitas, Luisa V. C., Chacham, Helio, Freitas, Raul O., Moreira, Roberto L., Chen, Huaiyu, Hammarberg, Susanna, Wallentin, Jesper, Rodrigues-Junior, Gilberto, Marçal, Lucas A. B., et al. (2024) Water Nanochannels in Ultrathin Clinochlore Phyllosilicate Mineral with Ice-like Behavior. \u003Ci>The Journal of Physical Chemistry C\u003C\u002Fi>,  128 (34).  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Facs.jpcc.4c02170'>doi:10.1021\u002Facs.jpcc.4c02170\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Facs.jpcc.4c02170",{"id":393,"year":389,"html":394,"doi":395},17565503,"Dubacq, Benoît, Forshaw, Jacob B. (2024) The composition of metapelitic biotite, white mica, and chlorite: a review with implications for solid-solution models. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  36 (4). 657-685 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5194\u002Fejm-36-657-2024'>doi:10.5194\u002Fejm-36-657-2024\u003C\u002Fa>","10.5194\u002Fejm-36-657-2024",{"id":397,"year":389,"html":398,"doi":399},17648148,"Soldavini, Benedetta Chrappan, Comboni, Davide, Hanfland, Michael, Merlini, Marco (2024) High-pressure phase transition in clinochlore: II\u003Ci>a\u003C\u002Fi> polytype stabilization. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  109 (10). 1834-1838 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2023-9277'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2023-9277\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2023-9277",[401,408,418,426,433,439,444,450,457,462,471,480,485,494,501,508,518,525,532,541,549,556,564,572,578,583],{"id":402,"source_url":403,"license_code":404,"credit_html":405,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":406,"original_height":407},29493,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F64970","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F64970\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,579,{"id":409,"source_url":410,"license_code":411,"credit_html":412,"title":413,"description":414,"author":415,"original_width":416,"original_height":417},5819,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476374","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476374\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Clinochlore-usa12c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FClinochlore\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Clinochlore\">Clinochlore\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tilly Foster mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBrewster\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Brewster\">Brewster\u003C\u002Fa>, Putnam County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNew_York\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:New York\">New York\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4004.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 8.4 x 7.9 x 3.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Clinochlore\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a significant, and surprisingly attractive, specimen of clinochlore from the old Tilly Foster Mine. According to MINDAT: Large iron ore (magnetite) deposit discovered in 1810. The mine was 600 feet deep in 1879. Mining ceased in 1897, after 13 miners were killed in a rockslide. Specimens today are obviously hard to come by, and I know people who are dedicated to collecting Tilly material. Usually, you get chondrodite, and a few other species like clinochlore as mere associations. However, here it is definitely the dominant species, in a really nice, 3.2 x 2.5 x 0.6 cm, freestanding, crystal. It is easy to see the metallic green color. In fact, I cannot recall a clinochlore of this size, as showy, from any other locale? VERY OLD classic, ex. Dennis Mullane Collection\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",350,400,{"id":419,"source_url":420,"license_code":404,"credit_html":421,"title":422,"description":423,"author":424,"original_width":425,"original_height":425},5820,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375115","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375115\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Clinochlore. Stubachtal, Totenköpfe, Austria-9206.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FClinochlore\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Clinochlore\">Clinochlore\u003C\u002Fa> (Weight: 57 g) – Totenköpfe, Stubachtal, Hohe Tauern, Salzburg, Austria","Raimond Spekking",4275,{"id":427,"source_url":428,"license_code":404,"credit_html":429,"title":430,"description":423,"author":424,"original_width":431,"original_height":432},5821,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375131","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375131\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Clinochlore. Stubachtal, Totenköpfe, Austria-9210.jpg",6604,4403,{"id":434,"source_url":435,"license_code":404,"credit_html":436,"title":437,"description":423,"author":424,"original_width":438,"original_height":438},49643,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375099","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375099\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Clinochlore. Stubachtal, Totenköpfe, Austria-9205.jpg",4326,{"id":440,"source_url":441,"license_code":404,"credit_html":442,"title":443,"description":423,"author":424,"original_width":431,"original_height":432},5822,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375134","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375134\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Clinochlore. Stubachtal, Totenköpfe, Austria-9211.jpg",{"id":445,"source_url":446,"license_code":404,"credit_html":447,"title":448,"description":423,"author":424,"original_width":449,"original_height":449},49644,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375122","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375122\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Clinochlore. Stubachtal, Totenköpfe, Austria-9207.jpg",4072,{"id":451,"source_url":452,"license_code":404,"credit_html":453,"title":454,"description":423,"author":424,"original_width":455,"original_height":456},49645,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375125","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375125\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Clinochlore. Stubachtal, Totenköpfe, Austria-9208.jpg",4879,3659,{"id":458,"source_url":459,"license_code":404,"credit_html":460,"title":461,"description":423,"author":424,"original_width":431,"original_height":432},49646,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375127","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375127\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Clinochlore. Stubachtal, Totenköpfe, Austria-9209.jpg",{"id":463,"source_url":464,"license_code":404,"credit_html":465,"title":466,"description":467,"author":468,"original_width":469,"original_height":470},36520,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=4897735","Piotr Sosnowski, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=4897735\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Klinochlor3.jpg","Klinochlor z pegmatytów w towarzystwie kalcytu, kwarcu oraz albitu, kamieniołom Zimnik, okolice Jeleniej Góry","Piotr Sosnowski",1069,746,{"id":472,"source_url":473,"license_code":404,"credit_html":474,"title":475,"description":476,"author":477,"original_width":478,"original_height":479},73056,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720207","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720207\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 191 - Clinochlore.jpg","Clinochlore, au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",1820,1288,{"id":481,"source_url":482,"license_code":404,"credit_html":483,"title":484,"description":423,"author":424,"original_width":431,"original_height":432},73057,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375140","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130375140\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Clinochlore. Stubachtal, Totenköpfe, Austria-9212.jpg",{"id":486,"source_url":487,"license_code":404,"credit_html":488,"title":489,"description":490,"author":491,"original_width":492,"original_height":493},5823,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146821390","Kritzolina, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146821390\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Clinochlore, quartzite and calcite 03.jpg","Clinochlore, quartzite and calcite from Binntal, Valais, Switzerland","Kritzolina",4178,2785,{"id":495,"source_url":496,"license_code":404,"credit_html":497,"title":498,"description":490,"author":491,"original_width":499,"original_height":500},5824,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146821391","Kritzolina, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146821391\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Clinochlore, quartzite and calcite 01.jpg",4388,2925,{"id":502,"source_url":503,"license_code":404,"credit_html":504,"title":505,"description":490,"author":491,"original_width":506,"original_height":507},5825,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146821392","Kritzolina, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146821392\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Clinochlore, quartzite and calcite 02.jpg",4429,2952,{"id":509,"source_url":510,"license_code":511,"credit_html":512,"title":513,"description":514,"author":515,"original_width":516,"original_height":517},49647,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146468935","CC BY 4.0","Slashme, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146468935\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Klinochlor Quarz Calcit 1.jpg","Clinochlore, quartz and calcite from Binntal, Wallis, Switzerland","Slashme",4555,2989,{"id":519,"source_url":520,"license_code":511,"credit_html":521,"title":522,"description":514,"author":515,"original_width":523,"original_height":524},49648,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146468936","Slashme, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146468936\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Klinochlor Quarz Calcit 2.jpg",5198,3462,{"id":526,"source_url":527,"license_code":511,"credit_html":528,"title":529,"description":514,"author":515,"original_width":530,"original_height":531},49649,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146468937","Slashme, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146468937\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Klinochlor Quarz Calcit 3.jpg",3704,2923,{"id":533,"source_url":534,"license_code":404,"credit_html":535,"title":536,"description":537,"author":538,"original_width":539,"original_height":540},51963,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83006533","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83006533\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202400 photo (g27 g27-764 1 jpg).jpg","\"klinokloor\", \"delessiit\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65417\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202400\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>","Mai Seppel",3858,2343,{"id":542,"source_url":543,"license_code":411,"credit_html":544,"title":545,"description":546,"author":415,"original_width":547,"original_height":548},77771,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10142463","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10142463\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Rutile-Clinochlore-138012.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRutile\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rutile\">Rutile\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: Sagenite (of Saussure)), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FClinochlore\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Clinochlore\">Clinochlore\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Krumlbach valley, Hüttwinkl valley, Rauris valley, Hohe Tauern Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSalzburg\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Salzburg\">Salzburg\u003C\u002Fa>, Austria (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-56065.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 9.0 x 6.4 x 6.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Sagenite is a variety of intricately reticulated red rutile named in 1796 by Saussure. \"These small crystals usually cross at the same angles, so as to form a mesh-like network of parallelograms\". A beautiful and bright, 2.0 cm, golden-brown meshwork of sagenite rests aesthetically and horizontally at the tip of a 3-dimensional, mounded matrix RICHLY covered with clusters of sharp, black, tabular clinochlore crystals and a scattering of very long rutile needles. The contacted areas of the matrix reveal the lustrous interiors of the black clinochlore crystals, which is a variety of chlorite. This showy piece was in the collection of Rolf Wein, a noted Alpine collector. He purchased this fine Austrian piece, from a classic locality, in 1971.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,474,{"id":550,"source_url":551,"license_code":411,"credit_html":552,"title":553,"description":546,"author":415,"original_width":554,"original_height":555},77772,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10142464","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10142464\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Rutile-Clinochlore-138013.jpg",428,464,{"id":557,"source_url":558,"license_code":411,"credit_html":559,"title":560,"description":561,"author":415,"original_width":562,"original_height":563},83120,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177713","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177713\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Titanite-Adularia-Clinochlore-275128.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTitanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Titanite\">Titanite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAdularia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Adularia\">Adularia\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FClinochlore\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Clinochlore\">Clinochlore\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tormiq valley (Tormic; Tormik; Tormig; Turmiq), Haramosh Mts., \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSkardu_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Skardu District\">Skardu District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaltistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baltistan\">Baltistan\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGilgit-Baltistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gilgit-Baltistan\">Northern Areas\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5734.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.7 x 4.7 x 3.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Tormiq is one of the classic Titanite localities in Pakistan, and this area has produced some superb crystals of the species, especially some outstanding twins. These are \"Alpine-type\" Titanite crystals. This specimen features a very pronounced, sharp, lustrous, bright green, twinned crystal of Titanite with Adularia and minor Clinochlore on matrix. This specimen is a very attractive miniature and these pieces are some of the most difficult to obtain from Pakistan.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",476,432,{"id":565,"source_url":566,"license_code":411,"credit_html":567,"title":568,"description":569,"author":415,"original_width":570,"original_height":571},83361,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10160479","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10160479\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Andradite-Clinochlore-209878.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Andradite\">Andradite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Andradite\">Topazolite\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FClinochlore\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Clinochlore\">Clinochlore\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Yellow Cat Mine, New Idria District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDiablo_Range\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Diablo Range\">Diablo Range\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Benito_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Benito County, California\">San Benito County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5396.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.2 x 5.4 x 2.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Topazolite is a rare variety of gem andradite garnet with the colour and transparency of topaz. This superb specimen, from the Bill Larson Collection, features very gemmy and lustrous, golden-yellow crystals to 7 mm aesthetically set in a well-placed, elongate vug lined with sparkly clinochlore microcrystals. This striking specimen is from the November, 1998 find at the Yellow Cat Mine, San Benito County, California.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",700,539,{"id":573,"source_url":574,"license_code":411,"credit_html":575,"title":576,"description":569,"author":415,"original_width":547,"original_height":577},83362,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10160480","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10160480\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Andradite-Clinochlore-209881.jpg",586,{"id":579,"source_url":580,"license_code":511,"credit_html":581,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":406,"original_height":582},88997,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114836","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114836\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",666,{"id":584,"source_url":585,"license_code":511,"credit_html":586,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":406,"original_height":582},89278,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F108755","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F108755\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",[588,594,600,605,611],{"id":589,"url":590,"label":591,"formula":592,"spacegroup":593,"year":361},2830,"\u002Fcif\u002F2830.cif","Zanazzi 2009","(Mg2.782 Fe.219) (Si1.279 Al.721) O9 H4","C -1",{"id":595,"url":596,"label":597,"formula":598,"spacegroup":593,"year":599},2834,"\u002Fcif\u002F2834.cif","Zanazzi 2006 · (Mg4.5 Fe.5) Al2.4 Si2.6 O18 H8","(Mg4.5 Fe.5) Al2.4 Si2.6 O18 H8",2006,{"id":601,"url":602,"label":603,"formula":604,"spacegroup":593,"year":599},2838,"\u002Fcif\u002F2838.cif","Zanazzi 2006 · (Mg4.5 Fe.5) Al1.84 Si3.16 O18 H8","(Mg4.5 Fe.5) Al1.84 Si3.16 O18 H8",{"id":606,"url":607,"label":608,"formula":609,"spacegroup":610,"year":334},2839,"\u002Fcif\u002F2839.cif","Welch 2001","Mg5 Al2 Si3 O18 D8","C 1 2\u002Fm 1",{"id":612,"url":613,"label":614,"formula":615,"spacegroup":593,"year":616},2843,"\u002Fcif\u002F2843.cif","Guggenheim 1999","Mg2.97 Al.99 Si3.04 O12 I12 H2",1999,[618,619,620,621,622,623,624,625,626,627,628],"Chlorophoeite","Clinochlorit","Clinochlorita","Clinochlorite","Grastit","Grastita","Grastite","Lofoit","Lophoit","Prochlorite","Tabergite",[630,634,638,642,647,651,656,660,664,668,671,675,679,682,685,689,693,697,701,707],{"lang":631,"names":632},"az",[633],"Klinoxlor",{"lang":635,"names":636},"be",[637],"Клінахлор",{"lang":639,"names":640},"ca",[641],"clinoclor",{"lang":643,"names":644},"de",[645,646],"Clinochlor","Klinochlor",{"lang":648,"names":649},"es",[650],"Clinocloro",{"lang":652,"names":653},"et",[654,655],"klinokloor","prokloriit",{"lang":657,"names":658},"eu",[659],"Klinokloro",{"lang":661,"names":662},"fr",[7,663],"minéral vert",{"lang":665,"names":666},"he",[667],"קלינוכלור",{"lang":669,"names":670},"it",[7,650],{"lang":672,"names":673},"kk",[674],"Клинохлор",{"lang":676,"names":677},"nl",[678],"Clinochloor",{"lang":680,"names":681},"pl",[646],{"lang":683,"names":684},"ru",[674],{"lang":686,"names":687},"sl",[688],"Klinoklor",{"lang":690,"names":691},"sr",[692],"клинохор",{"lang":694,"names":695},"uk",[696],"клінохлор",{"lang":698,"names":699},"uz",[633,700],"Pennin",{"lang":702,"names":703},"zh",[704,705,706],"斜綠泥石","斜绿泥石","斜镁绿泥石",{"lang":708,"names":709},"zh-tw",[704,710],"斜鎂綠泥石","Q421357",{"history":713,"applications":717},{"markdown":714,"model_version":715,"prompt_version":716,"reviewed_at":11},"The name **clinochlore** is a hybrid built from two Greek roots — *klinein*, to incline, and *chloros*, green. The first half points to a piece of crystal optics, the second to the green colour the mineral wears almost everywhere it appears[1].\n\nLong before clinochlore had its own name, the broader family did. In 1789 the German geologist Abraham Gottlob Werner labelled a class of soft, green, flaky minerals **chlorite**, taking the word straight from the Greek for \"green\"[2]. For more than half a century, \"chlorite\" covered everything in that loose group, with no clean separation between species. Working specimens carried a tangle of overlapping names — **ripidolite**, **prochlorite**, **pennine** (from the Pennine Alps), **leuchtenbergite**, **sheridanite** — depending on locality, colour, and which mineralogist had handled them last[3].\n\nThe split came in 1851, when the American mineralogist William Phipps Blake proposed **clinochlore** for the magnesium-rich member of the group. The \"klino\" half of the name carried a technical idea in shorthand: under a polarising microscope, the two optic axes of the crystal are visibly inclined, and Blake chose the name in allusion to that feature[1].\n\nSeveral of the older names were eventually pulled into clinochlore as varieties rather than independent species[3]. **Kämmererite** is the red, chromium-bearing form[4]. **Seraphinite** is a massive, dark green to grey variety from the Korshunovskoye iron skarn deposit in Irkutsk Oblast, in eastern Siberia[5]. Its feather-like internal pattern — a chatoyancy in the chlorite plates — gave it a trade name borrowed from the biblical seraphim angels[6]. Cut and polished, it is the only form of clinochlore that has ever made a steady appearance in the gem trade.","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":718,"model_version":715,"prompt_version":716,"reviewed_at":11},"Clinochlore has no significant industrial role of its own[1]. It is one of the commonest minerals in chloritic schists and altered greenstones. But the industries that consume \"chlorite\" take it as a component of clay or crushed schist — not as identified clinochlore picked out from its neighbours.\n\nThe closest thing to a dedicated use is decorative. Chlorite schist has long been worked as a soft, easily carved stone. Near Ely, Minnesota, the rock was quarried for green roofing granules glued to asphalt shingles, until synthetic substitutes displaced it[2]. The single clinochlore variety with a real market is **seraphinite** — a massive dark-green to grey form from the Korshunovskoye iron skarn deposit in eastern Siberia[3]. Its surface shines with feather-like silvery streaks, a chatoyancy caused by light bouncing off oriented chlorite plates, and that pattern is what put it in the gem trade[4]. Seraphinite has a hardness of only 2 to 4 on the Mohs scale, too soft for ring stones; it is typically cut into cabochons set as pendants or used in carvings[5].\n\nBeyond that, demand is collector- and research-driven. Well-formed clinochlore crystals are sought as specimens — particularly the red, chromium-bearing variety **kämmererite**. The species also turns up in studies of low-grade metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration. Chlorite is one of the most common minerals produced by propylitic alteration in the \"green rock\" assemblage, alongside epidote, actinolite and albite[6]."]