[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1108":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":22,"impurities":11,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":27,"discovery_year":28,"strunz10ed1":29,"strunz10ed2":30,"strunz10ed3":18,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":34,"dana8ed4":35,"csystem":36,"cclass":37,"spacegroup":38,"spacegroupset":39,"a":40,"b":41,"c":42,"alpha":43,"beta":44,"gamma":43,"aerror":45,"berror":46,"cerror":47,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":45,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":48,"tlform":49,"hmin":50,"hmax":50,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":43,"vhnmax":43,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":51,"dmeas2":51,"dcalc":52,"dmeaserror":37,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":53,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":54,"streak":55,"colour":56,"commentcolor":11,"colors":57,"streak_colors":62,"luminescence":11,"uv":63,"cleavage":64,"cleavagetype":65,"fracturetype":66,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":67,"opticalsign":68,"opticalalpha":69,"opticalalpha2":43,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":70,"opticalbeta2":43,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":71,"opticalgamma2":43,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":43,"opticalomega2":43,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":43,"opticalepsilon2":43,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":43,"opticaln2":43,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":72,"optical2vcalc2":43,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":73,"optical2vmeasured2":72,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":74,"rimax":75,"opticaldispersion":76,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":77,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":78,"electrical":79,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":80,"other":81,"industrial":82,"occurrence":83,"otheroccurrence":84,"type_specimen_store":85,"description_short":86,"aboutname":87,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":88,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":89,"group_members":90,"associates":91,"confused_with":118,"type_localities":119,"occurrence_total":126,"citations":127,"images":310,"structures":522,"synonyms":529,"language_names":534,"wikidata_qid":627,"texts":628},1108,"1:1:1108:8","995a0912-6e1e-44ca-ba40-55f6bf6f925a","Colemanite","Cole",0,"mineral",null,6767,false,"Ca[B\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>]·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaB\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub> · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[17,18,19,20],"Ca","B","O","H",[17,18,19,20],[18],"9.3.14",[25,26],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED",1883,"1884","6","C","10","26","3","5","1","Monoclinic",5,14,"P21\u002Fa","8.712","11.247","6.091","0","110.12",2,3,1,"Crystals commonly short prismatic [001] with large (110), large to small (001) and complex terminations; pseudo-rhombohedral with large (110) and \u003Cmi>(_301)\u003C\u002Fmi>; pseudo-octahedral with large \u003Cmi>(_221)\u003C\u002Fmi> and (011). Massive, cleavable to granular and compact.","Like semi-crystalline calcite.",4.5,"2.423","2.422","Adamantine,Vitreous","Transparent,Translucent","White","Colourless, white, yellowish, grey; colourless in transmitted light",[58,59,60,61],"colorless","white","yellow","gray",[59],"Bright pale yellow fluorescence, may phosphoresce pale green.","On {010} perfect; on {001} distinct.","Perfect","Irregular\u002FUneven,Sub-Conchoidal","Biaxial","+","1.586","1.592","1.614","56","55",1.586,1.614,"relatively weak r > v","X = b; Y ∧ c = -6°; Z ∧ c = 84°.","Boron Open Pit material, [cm\u003Csup>-1\u003C\u002Fsup>]: 3608, 3525, 3245sw, 1675sh, 1590sh, 1460sh, 1363s, 1330s, 1282, 1229, 1154, 1117, 1065sh, 1044s, 935s, 893s, 865sh, 813, 758, 732, 695sh, 669, 629, 603w, 578, 546w, 513, 495w, 422","Pyroelectric and piezoelectric at very low temperatures.","Before the blowpipe it exfoliates, decrepitates violently, and melts imperfectly.","Soluble in hot HCl, with the separation of boric acid upon cooling. Very slightly soluble in water (1 part in 1,100 at 20°-25°).","Ore of boron.","Evaporite borate deposit.","Borate deposits formed in arid alkalai lacustrine environments.","No defined type material.","The fluorescence observed for Turkish specimens may come from As3+ and\u002For As5+, that were found to be present in the amount up to 125 ppm (Helvacı et al, 2017).","Named in 1883 in honor of William Tell Coleman (29 February 1824, Cynthiana, Kentucky, USA - 22 November 1893, San Fransico, California, USA), a founder of the California borax industry and owner of the mine where the mineral was first found.","2026-05-11 14:09:36",[],[],[92,101,109],{"id":93,"name":94,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":95,"mindat_formula":96,"hmin":97,"hmax":97,"dmeas":98,"dcalc":99,"primary_image_id":100},1936,"Howlite","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SiB\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>B\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>SiO\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>",6.5,"2.62","2.61",59639,{"id":102,"name":103,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":104,"mindat_formula":105,"hmin":45,"hmax":46,"dmeas":106,"dcalc":107,"primary_image_id":108},1967,"Hydroboracite","CaMg[B\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>]\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaMg[B\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>]\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.15","2.170",11805,{"id":110,"name":111,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":112,"mindat_formula":113,"hmin":114,"hmax":114,"dmeas":115,"dcalc":116,"primary_image_id":117},3988,"Todorokite","(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)\u003Csub>1-x\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mn,Mg,Al)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub> · 3-4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)\u003Csub>1-x\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mn,Mg,Al)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>·3-4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",1.5,"3.67","3.65",24311,[],[120],{"id":121,"txt":122,"latitude":123,"longitude":124,"country":125},27209,"Furnace Creek Mining District (Furnace Creek Borate Mining District), Inyo County, California, USA",36.3722222,-116.7666667,"USA",109,[128,131,135,138,142,145,148,152,156,160,164,168,172,176,181,185,188,192,196,201,205,209,214,218,221,225,230,234,238,243,247,252,256,260,264,269,273,277,281,286,291,296,301,305],{"id":129,"year":27,"html":130,"doi":11},16106259,"Neuschwander in Hanks, H.G. (1883) Report on the borax deposits of California and Nevada, Borax minerals and those containing boracic acid in small quantities. Third Report of the State Mineralogist, California: 3: 81-89.",{"id":132,"year":133,"html":134,"doi":11},16106260,1884,"Evans, J.T. (1884) Colemanite. California Academy of Science Bulletin: 1: 57-59.",{"id":136,"year":133,"html":137,"doi":11},16106261,"Jackson, A.W., Jr. (1884) On colemanite, a new borate of lime, American Journal of Science, 3rd. series: 28: 447-448.",{"id":139,"year":140,"html":141,"doi":11},16106262,1885,"Evans, J.T. (1885) The chemical properties and relations of colemanite. California Academy of Science Bulletin: 1(2): 37-42.",{"id":143,"year":140,"html":144,"doi":11},16106263,"Hiortdahl, Th. (1885) Colemanit, ein krystallisirtes Kalkborat aus Californien: Vidensk, selsk. Christiania Forh., 1884, 10(8): pp., 1885 [also Zeitschr. Kristallographic, Band 10, pp. 25-31, 1885].",{"id":146,"year":140,"html":147,"doi":11},16106264,"Jackson, A.W., Jr. (1885) On the morphology of colemanite. California Academy of Science, 1st. series, Bulletin: 2: 3-36.",{"id":149,"year":150,"html":151,"doi":11},16106265,1887,"Whitfield, J.E. (1887) Analyses of some natural borates and borosilicates.  American Journal of Science: 34: 281-287.",{"id":153,"year":154,"html":155,"doi":11},16106266,1888,"Mülheims, A. (1888) Über eine neue Art der Axenwinkelmessung und über die Bestimmung von Brechungsexponenten nach der Methode der Totalreflexion – Colemanit von Californien: Zeitschr. Kristallogrphic, Band 14: 202-236.",{"id":157,"year":158,"html":159,"doi":11},16106267,1897,"Ley analysis in: Kraut (1897) Zs. Anal. Chem.: 36: 165.",{"id":161,"year":162,"html":163,"doi":11},16106268,1899,"Baumhauer (1899) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 30: 97.",{"id":165,"year":166,"html":167,"doi":11},16106269,1902,"Eakle, A.S. (1902) Colemanite from southern California. University of California Department of Geology, Bulletin 3(2): 31-50.",{"id":169,"year":170,"html":171,"doi":11},16106270,1904,"Morgan, W.C., Tallmon, M.C. (1904) A peculiar occurrence of bitumen and evidence as to its origin. American Journal of Science: 18: 363-377.",{"id":173,"year":174,"html":175,"doi":11},16106271,1911,"Eakle, A.S. (1911) Neocolemanite, a variety of colemanite, and howlite from Lang, Los Angeles County, California. University of California, Department of Geology Bulletin: 6(9): 179-189.",{"id":177,"year":178,"html":179,"doi":180},4865,1912,"Hutchinson, A. (1912) On the identity of Neocolemanite with Colemanite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  16 (75) 239-246 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1912.016.75.10'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1912.016.75.10\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_16\u002F16-75-239.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1912.016.75.10",{"id":182,"year":183,"html":184,"doi":11},4468624,1913,"(1913) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 2 - Text - Band II - Calaverit-Cyanochroit. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":186,"year":183,"html":187,"doi":11},16106274,"Hicks in: Gale (1913) USGS Professional Paper 85A: 7.",{"id":189,"year":190,"html":191,"doi":11},16106275,1917,"McNairn, W.H. (1917) The growth of etch figures. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute: 11: 231-268.",{"id":193,"year":194,"html":195,"doi":11},518824,1919,"Rogers, Austin F. (1919) Colemanite pseudomorphous after inyoite from Death Valley, California. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  4 (11) 135-139 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM4\u002FAM4_135.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":197,"year":198,"html":199,"doi":200},235030,1921,"Foshag, William Frederick (1921) The origin of the colemanite deposits of California. \u003Ci>Economic Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  16 (3) 199-214 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.16.3.199'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.16.3.199\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.16.3.199",{"id":202,"year":203,"html":204,"doi":11},16106278,1922,"Hintze, Carl (1922) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [4A]: 180.",{"id":206,"year":207,"html":208,"doi":11},16106279,1931,"Van Arkel and Fritzius (1931) Recueil des travaux chimiques des Pays-Bas et de la Belgique, Leyden: 50: 1035.",{"id":210,"year":211,"html":212,"doi":213},653692,1934,"Larsen, E.S.; Berman, H. (1934) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin of the US Geological Survey\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 848. US Geological Survey p.1-266. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb848'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb848\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0848\u002Freport.pdf?reftype=.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb848",{"id":215,"year":216,"html":217,"doi":11},16106281,1937,"Boky (1937) Bull. ac. sc. U.R.S.S., Cl. sci. mat. nat., Ser. chim.: 871.",{"id":219,"year":216,"html":220,"doi":11},16106282,"Godlevsky (1937) Mineralogicheskoe Obshchestvo, Leningrad, Zapiski: 66(2): 353.",{"id":222,"year":223,"html":224,"doi":11},16106283,1940,"Nikolsky (1940) C.r. ac. sc. U.R.S.S.: 28: 59;...Mineral Abstracts: 9: 44 (1944).",{"id":226,"year":227,"html":228,"doi":229},105753,1941,"Dér, Zoltán (1941) Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Kristallgitters von Colemanit (Ca2B6O11. 5 H2O). \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  103 (1-6). 431-433 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1941.103.1.431'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1941.103.1.431\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1941.103.1.431",{"id":231,"year":232,"html":233,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":235,"year":236,"html":237,"doi":11},16106286,1953,"Meixner, H. (1953) Einige Boratminerale (Colemanit und Tertschit, ein neues Mineral) aus der Türkei. \u003Ci>Fortschritte der Mineralogie\u003C\u002Fi>,  31. 39-42",{"id":239,"year":240,"html":241,"doi":242},465859,1954,"Christ, C. L., Clark, J. R., Evans, H. T. (1954) The structure of colemanite, CaB3O4(OH)3.H2O, determined by the direct method of Hauptman & Karle. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  7 (5) 453-454 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x54001375'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x54001375\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x54001375",{"id":244,"year":245,"html":246,"doi":11},16106288,1956,"Schröder, A., Hoffmann, W. (1956) Zur Optik des Colemanits. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1956, 265-271.",{"id":248,"year":249,"html":250,"doi":251},468930,1958,"Christ, C. L., Clark, J. R., Evans Jnr, H. T. (1958) Studies of borate minerals. III. The crystal structure of colemanite, CaB3O4(OH)2.H2O. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  11 (11) 761-770 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x58002176'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x58002176\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x58002176",{"id":253,"year":254,"html":255,"doi":11},523334,1960,"Perloff, A., Block, S. (1960) Low temperature phase transformation of colemanite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  45 (1-2) 229 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM45\u002FAM45_229.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":257,"year":258,"html":259,"doi":11},12906805,1973,"Pemberton, H. Earl (1973) Colemanite: Type Locality and Describer. \u003Ci>The Mineralogical Record\u003C\u002Fi>, 4 (6) 272-274",{"id":261,"year":262,"html":263,"doi":11},16112966,1980,"Gurevich, V.M., Semenov, Yu.V., Aksenova, T.L., Gorbunov, V.E., Gavrichev, K.S., Zhdanov, V.M., Turdakin, V.A., Khodakovsky, I.L. (1980) Thermodynamical properties of inyoite and colemanite and their formation under natural conditions. Geokhimiya, 5, 671-679.",{"id":265,"year":266,"html":267,"doi":268},63272,1993,"Burns, P. C., Hawthorne, F. C. (1993) Hydrogen bonding in colemanite; an X-ray and structure-energy study. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  31 (2) 297-304 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002F1499-1276-31.2.297'>doi:10.3749\u002F1499-1276-31.2.297\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol31\u002FCM31_297.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002F1499-1276-31.2.297",{"id":270,"year":271,"html":272,"doi":11},15418311,1996,"Grew, Edward S.; Anovitz, Lawrence M. - \u003Ci>Eds.\u003C\u002Fi> (1996) Boron - Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. \u003Ci>Reviews in Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 33. Mineralogical Society of America p.862",{"id":274,"year":275,"html":276,"doi":11},16771791,2003,"Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (2003) \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 5 - Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.",{"id":278,"year":279,"html":280,"doi":11},16963773,2005,"(2005) Colemanite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fcolemanite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":282,"year":283,"html":284,"doi":285},64898,2011,"Lin, J., Pan, Y., Chen, N., Mao, M., Li, R., Feng, R. (2011) Arsenic Incorporation in Colemanite from Borate Deposits: Data from Icp-Ms,  -Sxrf, Xafs and Epr Analyses. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  49 (3) 809-822 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.49.3.809'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.49.3.809\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.49.3.809",{"id":287,"year":288,"html":289,"doi":290},16557222,2013,"Frost, Ray L., Xi, Yunfei, Scholz, Ricardo, Belotti, Fernanda Maria, Cândido Filho, Mauro (2013) Infrared and Raman spectroscopic characterization of the borate mineral colemanite – CaB\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O – implications for the molecular structure. \u003Ci>Journal of Molecular Structure\u003C\u002Fi>,  1037. 23-28 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.molstruc.2012.11.047'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.molstruc.2012.11.047\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.molstruc.2012.11.047",{"id":292,"year":293,"html":294,"doi":295},1119395,2014,"Chukanov, Nikita V. (2014) \u003Ci>Springer Geochemistry\u002FMineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> - Infrared spectra of mineral species. Springer Netherlands. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002F978-94-007-7128-4'>doi:10.1007\u002F978-94-007-7128-4\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002F978-94-007-7128-4",{"id":297,"year":298,"html":299,"doi":300},149265,2017,"Helvacı, Cahit, Öztürk, Yeşim Yücel, Emmermann, Axel (2017) Fluorescence survey of Turkish borate minerals: comparative measurements of fluorescence spectra of the most important borate mineral species, Turkey. \u003Ci>Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  194 (1) 1-17 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fnjma\u002F2016\u002F0016'>doi:10.1127\u002Fnjma\u002F2016\u002F0016\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fnjma\u002F2016\u002F0016",{"id":302,"year":298,"html":303,"doi":304},4105603,"Lotti, Paolo; Gatta, Giacomo Diego; Comboni, Davide; Guastella, Giorgio; Merlini, Marco; Guastoni, Alessandro; Liermann, Hanns‐Peter (2017) High‐pressure behavior and \u003Ci>P\u003C\u002Fi>‐induced phase transition of CaB\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O (colemanite). \u003Ci>Journal of the American Ceramic Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  100 (5). p.2209-2220. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fjace.14730'>doi:10.1111\u002Fjace.14730\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1111\u002Fjace.14730",{"id":306,"year":307,"html":308,"doi":309},154245,2018,"Lotti, Paolo, Gatta, G. Diego, Demitri, Nicola, Guastella, Giorgio, Rizzato, Silvia, Ortenzi, Marco Aldo, Magrini, Fabrizio, Comboni, Davide, Guastoni, Alessandro, Fernandez-Diaz, Maria Teresa (2018) Crystal chemistry and temperature behavior of the natural hydrous borate colemanite, a mineral commodity of boron. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  45 (5) 405-422 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-017-0929-7'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-017-0929-7\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-017-0929-7",[311,318,327,337,341,347,355,359,369,374,381,389,398,403,410,418,425,433,440,447,455,464,471,478,487,493,501,508,514],{"id":312,"source_url":313,"license_code":314,"credit_html":315,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":316,"original_height":317},29510,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115007","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115007\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,666,{"id":319,"source_url":320,"license_code":321,"credit_html":322,"title":323,"description":324,"author":325,"original_width":326,"original_height":326},50091,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956025","Public domain","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956025\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite w - clay Hydrous calcium borate Death Valley Inyo County California 2463.jpg","These mineral images are free to use how you wish.","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com",800,{"id":328,"source_url":329,"license_code":330,"credit_html":331,"title":332,"description":333,"author":334,"original_width":335,"original_height":336},6056,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10136965","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10136965\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite-66656.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColemanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colemanite\">Colemanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Boraxo Mine (Kern Borate; Boraxo Deposit; Boraxo No. 1 and No. 2; Clara Claim; Thompson Mine; Tenneco Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FInyo_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Inyo County, California\">Inyo County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-78580.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An excellent cluster of highly lustrous, partially transparent, golden-amber colemanite crystals from the Boraxo Mine, Inyo County, California. This is classic, old-time material. 6.6 x 4.4 x 3.6 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",307,500,{"id":338,"source_url":339,"license_code":314,"credit_html":340,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":316,"original_height":317},29511,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F112696","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F112696\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":342,"source_url":343,"license_code":321,"credit_html":344,"title":345,"description":324,"author":325,"original_width":346,"original_height":346},50092,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956026","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956026\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite w - clay Hydrous calcium borate Death Valley Inyo County California 2464.jpg",700,{"id":348,"source_url":349,"license_code":330,"credit_html":350,"title":351,"description":7,"author":352,"original_width":353,"original_height":354},6057,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22589083","Etiproducts, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=22589083\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite Etiproducts.jpg","Etiproducts",327,299,{"id":356,"source_url":357,"license_code":314,"credit_html":358,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":316,"original_height":317},29512,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F119840","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F119840\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":360,"source_url":361,"license_code":362,"credit_html":363,"title":364,"description":365,"author":366,"original_width":367,"original_height":368},6058,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744465","CC BY-SA 4.0","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744465\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 330 - Colemanite (États-Unis).jpg","Colemanite, en provenance des États-Unis, au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",3380,2620,{"id":370,"source_url":371,"license_code":362,"credit_html":372,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":316,"original_height":373},29513,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F166718","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F166718\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",846,{"id":375,"source_url":376,"license_code":362,"credit_html":377,"title":378,"description":365,"author":366,"original_width":379,"original_height":380},6059,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744468","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744468\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 331 - Colemanite (États-Unis).jpg",4272,2848,{"id":382,"source_url":383,"license_code":330,"credit_html":384,"title":385,"description":386,"author":334,"original_width":387,"original_height":388},50094,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10122695","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10122695\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite-29515.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColemanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colemanite\">Colemanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boron\">Boron\u003C\u002Fa>, Kramer District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKern_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3438.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very sharp, radiating cluster of colemanite crystals in classic form. 4.7 x 4.7 x 3.1 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,466,{"id":390,"source_url":391,"license_code":362,"credit_html":392,"title":393,"description":394,"author":395,"original_width":396,"original_height":397},6060,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129599704","Kritzolina, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129599704\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite from Zanjan 02.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColemanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colemanite\">Colemanite\u003C\u002Fa> - Place of discovery: Zanjan, Iran","Kritzolina",5472,3648,{"id":399,"source_url":400,"license_code":362,"credit_html":401,"title":402,"description":394,"author":395,"original_width":396,"original_height":397},6061,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129599705","Kritzolina, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129599705\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite from Zanjan 01.jpg",{"id":404,"source_url":405,"license_code":330,"credit_html":406,"title":407,"description":408,"author":334,"original_width":387,"original_height":409},50095,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151375","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151375\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite-177306.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColemanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colemanite\">Colemanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:Baker_Mine\" title=\"Category:Baker Mine\">Baker Mine\u003C\u002Fa> — \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:US_Borax_Mine\" title=\"Category:US Borax Mine\">U.S. Borax Mine\u003C\u002Fa> (Pacific West Coast Borax; Pacific Coast Borax Co.; Boron Mine; U.S. Borax and Chemical Corp.; Kramer Mine; Baker Mine), Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kramer District, eastern \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:Kern_County,_California\" title=\"Category:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa> (Mojave Desert), Southern California, U.S.\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>(\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-6769.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 19.9 x 17.9 x 5.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a large plate of superb crystals of California colemanite, from the notable collection of Jim and Dawn Minette. What makes these crystals stand out, in addition to their sheer number on this large plate, is their superb, flashy luster - and, in places, even gemminess - more like a plate of good calcites than colemanites.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",586,{"id":411,"source_url":412,"license_code":314,"credit_html":413,"title":414,"description":415,"author":416,"original_width":417,"original_height":417},6062,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=182879340","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=182879340\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite Boron Minéraux SU.jpg","Colemanite from Boron, California, USA. Sorbonne University mineral collection.","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart",5449,{"id":419,"source_url":420,"license_code":330,"credit_html":421,"title":422,"description":423,"author":334,"original_width":387,"original_height":424},50096,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10152100","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10152100\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite-178680.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColemanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colemanite\">Colemanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boron\">Boron\u003C\u002Fa>, Kramer District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKern_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3438.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.9 x 5.4 x 5.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a 360 degree knob, complete all around (with the contact on the bottom) of milky, translucent blades of colemanite, an evaporite mineral well-known from this locality. Ex. Minette Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",461,{"id":426,"source_url":427,"license_code":330,"credit_html":428,"title":429,"description":430,"author":334,"original_width":431,"original_height":432},50097,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154622","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154622\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite-187717.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColemanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colemanite\">Colemanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boron\">Boron\u003C\u002Fa>, Kramer District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKern_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3438.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 19.4 x 16.2 x 15.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A huge specimen of crystals of colemanite, to 3 cm, piled thickly on a rolling matrix that gives the specimen nice overall aesthetics. The crystals are translucent and have good luster. Ex. Jim Minette Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,398,{"id":434,"source_url":435,"license_code":330,"credit_html":436,"title":437,"description":438,"author":334,"original_width":387,"original_height":439},50099,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163876","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163876\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite-230607.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColemanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colemanite\">Colemanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Boraxo Mine (Kern Borate; Boraxo Deposit; Boraxo No. 1 and No. 2; Clara Claim; Thompson Mine; Tenneco Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FInyo_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Inyo County, California\">Inyo County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-78580.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.5 x 8.8 x 7.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Large, lustrous and translucent, well-formed, light amber colemanite crystals up to 8.8 cm across from an extinct California locality, the Thompson Mine in Death Valley. Some of the faces have showy, very pronounced stepped growth. Ex. Mullane Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",521,{"id":441,"source_url":442,"license_code":330,"credit_html":443,"title":444,"description":445,"author":334,"original_width":446,"original_height":387},50100,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165723","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165723\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite-242602.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColemanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colemanite\">Colemanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Corkscrew Canyon Mine (Corkscrew Mine), Corkscrew Canyon, Black Mts, Furnace Creek District (Furnace Creek Borate District), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDeath_Valley_National_Park\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Death Valley National Park\">Death Valley National Park\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDeath_Valley\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Death Valley\">Death Valley\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FInyo_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Inyo County, California\">Inyo County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-464.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 12.6 x 7.4 x 4.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A sculptural cabinet colemanite specimen from the Corkscrew Mine of Death Valley and the Jaime Bird Collection. This floater, two-sided piece is comprised of intergrown, glassy\u002Fsparkly, tan to colorless colemanite crystal puffballs. The two diverging clusters at the top look like reindeer antlers. Excellent and classic older material. Very nearly pristine.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",445,{"id":448,"source_url":449,"license_code":330,"credit_html":450,"title":451,"description":452,"author":334,"original_width":453,"original_height":454},50101,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10166040","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10166040\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite-244272.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColemanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colemanite\">Colemanite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Kestelek Mine, Mustafa Kemalpafla, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBursa_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bursa Province\">Bursa Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMarmara_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Marmara Region\">Marmara Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Turkey (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-13824.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.4 x 5.0 x 3.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Gemmy, twinned, honey-brown colemanite crystals, with flashes of interior fire, richly and aesthetically cover the mounded matrix on this showy and excellent specimen from the small, one-time 2005 find in Turkey. Very interestingly, a second generation of totally colorless colemanite is found on the edges of the crystals. Ex. Tarnowski Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",688,726,{"id":456,"source_url":457,"license_code":362,"credit_html":458,"title":459,"description":460,"author":461,"original_width":462,"original_height":463},50102,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=50271202","user:Lamiot, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=50271202\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","ColémaniteItalieSanBernardino RefMGL38531 MuséumHistoireNaturelleLille GLAM2016 Photo.F.Lamiot pBloc échelle.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColemanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colemanite\">Colemanite\u003C\u002Fa> from Italy","user:Lamiot",3595,3156,{"id":465,"source_url":466,"license_code":362,"credit_html":467,"title":468,"description":460,"author":461,"original_width":469,"original_height":470},50103,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=50271203","user:Lamiot, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=50271203\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","ColémaniteItalieSanBernardino RefMGL38531 MuséumHistoireNaturelleLille GLAM2016 Photo.F.Lamiot pBloc.jpg",3799,2581,{"id":472,"source_url":473,"license_code":362,"credit_html":474,"title":475,"description":365,"author":366,"original_width":476,"original_height":477},50108,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744463","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113744463\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 329 - Colemanite (États-Unis).jpg",3072,2292,{"id":479,"source_url":480,"license_code":321,"credit_html":481,"title":482,"description":483,"author":484,"original_width":485,"original_height":486},50093,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8886046","Bureau of Mines, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8886046\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite - USGS Mineral Specimens 096.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColemanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colemanite\">Colemanite\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: California - Mineral Specimens C\\01784","Bureau of Mines",1314,1400,{"id":488,"source_url":489,"license_code":330,"credit_html":490,"title":491,"description":492,"author":334,"original_width":387,"original_height":336},50098,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10162746","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10162746\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite-Inyoite-224931.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColemanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colemanite\">Colemanite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FInyoite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Inyoite\">Inyoite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoron\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boron\">Boron\u003C\u002Fa>, Kramer District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKern_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kern County, California\">Kern County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3438.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 12.8 x 9.4 x 6.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A dramatically formed cabinet pseudomorph of colemanite after a large inyoite crystal from Boron, California. The pseudomorph is shaped like a big, 3-dimensional \"checkmark\", when viewed at the proper angle and proudly rests on a clayey matrix. The pseudomorph and matrix surface are uniformly covered with lustrous, white, 3-4 mm, colemanite crystals. The major crystal is essentially pristine. Older material, as this piece is from the Margaret Gross Collection of Valley Center, California. This collection consisted mainly of 1950s-1980s material.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":494,"source_url":495,"license_code":330,"credit_html":496,"title":497,"description":498,"author":334,"original_width":499,"original_height":500},24310,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161838","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161838\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite-Inyoite-Todorokite-217430.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColemanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colemanite\">Colemanite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FInyoite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Inyoite\">Inyoite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTodorokite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Todorokite\">Todorokite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Corkscrew Canyon Mine (Corkscrew Mine), Corkscrew Canyon, Black Mts, Furnace Creek District (Furnace Creek Borate District), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDeath_Valley_National_Park\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Death Valley National Park\">Death Valley National Park\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDeath_Valley\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Death Valley\">Death Valley\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FInyo_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Inyo County, California\">Inyo County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-464.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.4 x 4.0 x 3.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A classic, old-time and rare pseudomorph and combination specimen from the Corkscrew Mine of Death Valley, California. This superb, two-sided specimen consists of colemanite after sharp, blocky, parallel-growth, inyoite crystals. The fine pseudomorphs, front and back, are completely covered with two colors of brown and tan, sparkly todorokite microcrystals. Todorokite is a very complex manganese hydroxide. This is older material from the 1960s-70s and comes from the Jamie Bird Collection, a California collector from the 1960s-1980s. The blue ink on the accompanying label is characteristic of the 1960s.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",750,606,{"id":502,"source_url":503,"license_code":330,"credit_html":504,"title":505,"description":506,"author":334,"original_width":387,"original_height":507},27356,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453413","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453413\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite-Veatchite-mrz252a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColemanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colemanite\">Colemanite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVeatchite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Veatchite\">Veatchite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Billie Mine, Black Mts, Furnace Creek District (Furnace Creek Borate District), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDeath_Valley_National_Park\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Death Valley National Park\">Death Valley National Park\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDeath_Valley\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Death Valley\">Death Valley\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FInyo_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Inyo County, California\">Inyo County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3469.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 8.1 x 5 x 2.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Veatchite on Colemanite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Microcrystalline white crystals scattered about colemanite make this a rarity - matrix veatchite is uncommon, and this specimen has a 2-cm-long stream of rich spherical aggregates, in the lower-right corner.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",458,{"id":509,"source_url":510,"license_code":330,"credit_html":511,"title":512,"description":506,"author":334,"original_width":431,"original_height":513},27357,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453415","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453415\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite-Veatchite-mrz252b.jpg",256,{"id":515,"source_url":516,"license_code":330,"credit_html":517,"title":518,"description":519,"author":334,"original_width":520,"original_height":521},67404,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10153039","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10153039\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Colemanite-Meyerhofferite-Inyoite-180775.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColemanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colemanite\">Colemanite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMeyerhofferite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Meyerhofferite\">Meyerhofferite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FInyoite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Inyoite\">Inyoite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Corkscrew Canyon Mine (Corkscrew Mine), Corkscrew Canyon, Black Mts, Furnace Creek District (Furnace Creek Borate District), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDeath_Valley_National_Park\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Death Valley National Park\">Death Valley National Park\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDeath_Valley\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Death Valley\">Death Valley\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FInyo_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Inyo County, California\">Inyo County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-464.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.2 x 5.0 x 4.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A large, superb, double pseudomorph borate crystal from the famous Death Valley of California. This sharp, lustrous and sugary crystal is colemanite pseudomorphing meyerhofferite, which itself was pseudomorphing an original large inyoite crystal. It hails from the Corkscrew Mine in Corkscrew Canyon. Very highly representative of these rare borate species and locality. Ex. John Ydren Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",396,450,[523],{"id":524,"url":525,"label":526,"formula":527,"spacegroup":528,"year":266},3054,"\u002Fcif\u002F3054.cif","Burns 1993","Ca.94 B3 O8 H5","P 1 21\u002Fa 1",[530,531,532,533],"Borspar","Neocolemanit","Neocolemanita","Neocolemanite",[535,539,543,547,550,555,559,563,568,572,576,580,584,588,592,595,598,601,604,607,611,615,619,623],{"lang":536,"names":537},"ar",[538],"كوليمانيت",{"lang":540,"names":541},"ca",[542],"colemanita",{"lang":544,"names":545},"de",[546],"Colemanit",{"lang":548,"names":549},"es",[542],{"lang":551,"names":552},"eu",[553,554],"Colemanita","kolemanita",{"lang":556,"names":557},"fa",[558],"کولمانیت",{"lang":560,"names":561},"fi",[562],"Colemaniitti",{"lang":564,"names":565},"fr",[566,567],"Colémanite","Néocolémanite",{"lang":569,"names":570},"he",[571],"קולמניט",{"lang":573,"names":574},"it",[575],"colemanite",{"lang":577,"names":578},"ja",[579],"コールマン石",{"lang":581,"names":582},"mk",[583],"Колеманит",{"lang":585,"names":586},"nb",[587],"colemanitt",{"lang":589,"names":590},"nl",[591],"colemaniet",{"lang":593,"names":594},"nn",[587],{"lang":596,"names":597},"oc",[553],{"lang":599,"names":600},"pl",[546],{"lang":602,"names":603},"pt",[542,7],{"lang":605,"names":606},"ru",[583],{"lang":608,"names":609},"sr",[610],"колеманит",{"lang":612,"names":613},"ta",[614],"கோல்மனைட்டு",{"lang":616,"names":617},"tr",[618],"Kolemanit",{"lang":620,"names":621},"uk",[622],"Колеманіт",{"lang":624,"names":625},"zh",[626],"硬硼钙石","Q2293541",{"history":11,"applications":11}]