[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1120":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":22,"key_elements":23,"impurities":11,"cim":24,"ima_status":25,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":28,"strunz10ed1":29,"strunz10ed2":30,"strunz10ed3":31,"strunz10ed4":32,"dana8ed1":33,"dana8ed2":34,"dana8ed3":34,"dana8ed4":34,"csystem":35,"cclass":36,"spacegroup":37,"spacegroupset":38,"a":39,"b":40,"c":41,"alpha":40,"beta":40,"gamma":40,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":42,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":43,"tlform":44,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":40,"vhnmax":40,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":46,"dmeas2":46,"dcalc":47,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":48,"lustre":49,"lustretype":50,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":51,"streak":52,"colour":53,"commentcolor":11,"colors":54,"streak_colors":58,"luminescence":11,"uv":59,"cleavage":11,"cleavagetype":60,"fracturetype":61,"tenacity":62,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":63,"opticalsign":64,"opticalalpha":40,"opticalalpha2":40,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":40,"opticalbeta2":40,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":40,"opticalgamma2":40,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":65,"opticalomega2":66,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":67,"opticalepsilon2":68,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":40,"opticaln2":40,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":40,"optical2vcalc2":40,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":40,"optical2vmeasured2":40,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":69,"rimax":70,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":71,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":72,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":73,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":74,"aboutname":75,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":76,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":77,"group_members":78,"associates":79,"confused_with":114,"type_localities":121,"occurrence_total":128,"citations":129,"images":249,"structures":350,"synonyms":363,"language_names":374,"wikidata_qid":420,"texts":421},1120,"1:1:1120:0","4bee9707-63fb-4a3c-a856-6a4a726feacf","Connellite","Cnl",0,"mineral",null,8108,false,"Cu\u003Csub>19\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>32\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Cu\u003Csub>36\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>62\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub> · 6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[17,18,19,20,21],"Cl","Cu","O","S","H",[17,18,19,20,21],[17,18],"26.5",[26,27],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1850","3","D","A","25","31","1","Hexagonal",17,109,"P-62c","15.78","0","9.10",2,"Crystals acicular [0001] and striated [0001]; radiating groups of needles; felted aggregates.","Blue acicular crystals in divergent clusters, usually \u003C 1 mm.",3,"3.36","3.46","Am Min 57: 426 (1972) structure","Vitreous","Sub-Vitreous","Transparent","Pale green-blue","Blue, blue-green; blue in transmitted light.",[55,56,57],"blue","green","colorless",[56,55],"Not fluorescent","None Observed","Splintery","brittle","Uniaxial","+","1.724","1.746","1.738","1.758",1.724,1.758,"Non-pleochroic","0.026","Soluble in acids and in ammonium hydroxide. Insoluble in water.","Connellite-Buttgenbachite Series.\r\n\r\nA relatively uncommon secondary copper mineral.","Named by James Dwight Dana in 1850 in honor of Arthur Connell (November 30, 1794, Edinburgh, Scotland - October 31, 1863, St Andrews, Scotland), professor of chemistry at St Andrew's University, Edinburgh, Scotland, who first studied the mineral.","2026-01-26 13:04:09",[],[],[80,90,98,105],{"id":81,"name":82,"entrytype":9,"csystem":83,"ima_formula":84,"mindat_formula":84,"hmin":85,"hmax":86,"dmeas":87,"dcalc":88,"primary_image_id":89},447,"Azurite","Monoclinic","Cu\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",3.5,4,"3.77","3.834",29186,{"id":91,"name":92,"entrytype":9,"csystem":93,"ima_formula":94,"mindat_formula":94,"hmin":85,"hmax":86,"dmeas":95,"dcalc":96,"primary_image_id":97},1172,"Cuprite","Isometric","Cu\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","6.14","6.15",29569,{"id":99,"name":100,"entrytype":9,"csystem":83,"ima_formula":101,"mindat_formula":101,"hmin":85,"hmax":86,"dmeas":102,"dcalc":103,"primary_image_id":104},2550,"Malachite","Cu\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.6","4",30149,{"id":106,"name":107,"entrytype":9,"csystem":108,"ima_formula":109,"mindat_formula":110,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":111,"dcalc":112,"primary_image_id":113},3721,"Spangolite","Trigonal","Cu\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl · 3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Cu\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl·3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.135","3.14",22605,[115],{"id":116,"name":117,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":118,"mindat_formula":119,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":40,"dcalc":40,"primary_image_id":120},811,"Buttgenbachite","Cu\u003Csub>36\u003C\u002Fsub>(NO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>62\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Cu\u003Csub>19\u003C\u002Fsub>(NO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>32\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",4221,[122],{"id":123,"txt":124,"latitude":125,"longitude":126,"country":127},1037,"Wheal Providence, Providence Mines, Carbis Bay, St Ives, Cornwall, England, UK",50.1930956,-5.4708919,"UK",324,[130,134,138,142,146,150,155,159,163,168,172,176,179,182,186,190,194,198,202,206,211,215,219,223,228,232,237,241,245],{"id":131,"year":132,"html":133,"doi":11},16106375,1802,"Rashleigh (1802) Brit. Min.: 2: 13, Pl. 12, figs. 1, 6 (as Copper ore of an azure-blue color, composed of needle crystals).",{"id":135,"year":136,"html":137,"doi":11},16106376,1847,"Connell (1847) Report of the British Association (as Sulphato-chloride of Copper).",{"id":139,"year":140,"html":141,"doi":11},1118649,1850,"Dana, James D. (1850) \u003Ci>A System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (3rd ed.) G. P. Putnam. p.711",{"id":143,"year":144,"html":145,"doi":11},16106378,1863,"Story Maskelyne, N. (1863) VI. Mineralogical notes. On connellite. Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: 25: 39.",{"id":147,"year":148,"html":149,"doi":11},16106379,1881,"Bertrand (1881) Bull. Soc. Min. IV.",{"id":151,"year":152,"html":153,"doi":154},6219920,1885,"Semmons, W. (1885) Notes on a Recent Discovery of \"Connellite\". \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>, 6 (30). 160-163 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1885.006.030.03'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1885.006.030.03\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1885.006.030.03",{"id":156,"year":152,"html":157,"doi":158},6219921,"Miers, II. A. (1885) On Monazite from Cornwall, and Connellite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>, 6 (30). 164-167 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1885.006.030.04'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1885.006.030.04\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1885.006.030.04",{"id":160,"year":152,"html":161,"doi":162},6219923,"Trechmann, C. O. (1885) Connellite from Cornwall. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>, 6 (30). 171 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1885.006.030.06'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1885.006.030.06\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1885.006.030.06",{"id":164,"year":165,"html":166,"doi":167},5396,1889,"Prior, G. T. (1889) Note on Connellite from a New Locality. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  8 (39) 182 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1889.008.39.03'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1889.008.39.03\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_8\u002F8-39-182.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1889.008.39.03",{"id":169,"year":170,"html":171,"doi":11},16106383,1890,"Penfield, S.L. (1890) American Journal of Science: 40: 82.",{"id":173,"year":174,"html":175,"doi":11},16106384,1891,"Koenig (1891) Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia: 291 (as Footeite).",{"id":177,"year":174,"html":178,"doi":11},16106385,"Penfield, S.L. (1891) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 18: 507.",{"id":180,"year":174,"html":181,"doi":11},16106386,"Koenig (1891) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 19: 601 (as Footeite).",{"id":183,"year":184,"html":185,"doi":11},16955416,1909,"Palache, C., Merwin, H. E. (1909)  On connellite and chalcophyllite from Bisbee, Arizona. \u003Ci>American Journal Of Science\u003C\u002Fi>,  S. 4 Vol. 28. 537-540 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org\u002Fitempdf\u002F124423' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":187,"year":188,"html":189,"doi":11},16106388,1912,"Pelloux (1912) Ann. mus. civico stor. nat. Genova: 5: 205.",{"id":191,"year":192,"html":193,"doi":11},16106389,1915,"Ford, W.E. and Bradley, W.M. (1915) On the identity of footeite with connellite together with the description of two occurrences of the mineral. American Journal of Science: 39: 670-676.",{"id":195,"year":196,"html":197,"doi":11},519050,1922,"Holden, Edw. F. (1922) Ceruleofibrite, a new mineral. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  7 (5). 80-83 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM7\u002FAM7_80.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":199,"year":200,"html":201,"doi":11},519227,1924,"Holden, E. F. (1924) \"Ceruleofibrite\" is connellite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  9 (3). 55-56 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM9\u002FAM9_55.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":203,"year":204,"html":205,"doi":11},16106391,1926,"Buttgenbach (1926) Société géologique de Belgique, Liége, Annales: 50: B35.",{"id":207,"year":208,"html":209,"doi":210},4349,1950,"Bannister, F. A., Hey, Max H., Claringbull, G. F. (1950) Connellite, buttgenbachite, and tallingite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  29 (211) 280-286 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1950.029.211.04'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1950.029.211.04\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_29\u002F29-211-280.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1950.029.211.04",{"id":212,"year":213,"html":214,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":216,"year":217,"html":218,"doi":11},525817,1972,"McLean, W. John, Anthony, John W. (1972) The disordered, \"zeolite-like\" structure of connellite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  57 (3-4). 426-438 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM57\u002FAM57_426.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":220,"year":221,"html":222,"doi":11},16860175,1989,"Pollard, A.M., Thomas, R.G. , Williams, P. A., Bevins, R.E. , Turgoose, S. (1989) Carbonatian connellite, a new variety, from the Britannia Mine, North Wales, and from the Botallack Mine, Cornwall. \u003Ci>Journal of the Russell Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  2 (2) 23-27",{"id":224,"year":225,"html":226,"doi":227},615248,1990,"Sreeramulu, P., Reddy, K. M., Sundar Jacob, A., Reddy, B. J. (1990) UV-VIS, NIR, IR, and EPR spectra of connellite. \u003Ci>Journal of Crystallographic and Spectroscopic Research\u003C\u002Fi>,  20 (1) 93-96 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf01181681'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf01181681\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf01181681",{"id":229,"year":225,"html":230,"doi":231},1637,"Pollard, A. M., Thomas, R. G., Williams, P. A. (1990) Connellite: stability relationships with other secondary copper minerals. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  54 (376) 425-430 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1990.054.376.08'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1990.054.376.08\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_54\u002F54-376-425.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1990.054.376.08",{"id":233,"year":234,"html":235,"doi":236},2422296,2002,"Frost, Ray L., Williams, Peter A., Martens, Wayde, Kloprogge, J. Theo (2002) Raman spectroscopy of the polyanionic copper(II) minerals buttgenbachite and connellite: implications for studies of ancient copper objects and bronzes. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 33 (9). 752-757 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.917'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.917\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.917",{"id":238,"year":239,"html":240,"doi":11},16104218,2003,"Hibbs, D.E., Leverett, P., Williams, P.A. (2003). Connellite-buttgenbachite from the Great Australia mine, Cloncurry: a crystal structural formula. Australian Journal Of Mineralogy, 9(1), 39-42.",{"id":242,"year":243,"html":244,"doi":11},16963787,2005,"(2005) Connellite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fconnellite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":246,"year":247,"html":248,"doi":11},16106397,2006,"Hibbs, D.E., Leverett, P., Williams, P.A. (2006). Connellite from Bisbee, Arizona: a single-crystal X-ray study. Axis (The Mineralogical Record), 2(2), 1-7.",[250,260,268,274,283,293,301,308,315,323,329,335,342],{"id":251,"source_url":252,"license_code":253,"credit_html":254,"title":255,"description":256,"author":257,"original_width":258,"original_height":259},6158,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10135214","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10135214\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Connellite-54486.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConnellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Connellite\">Connellite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Perran Great St George Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPerranzabuloe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Perranzabuloe\">Perranzabuloe\u003C\u002Fa>, St Agnes District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCornwall\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cornwall\">Cornwall\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEngland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:England\">England\u003C\u002Fa>, UK (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-1121.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A specimen of the rare hydrated copper sulfate\u002Fchloride connelite, from one of the English localities from where they generally come (when you see them, which is not often) . . . ex Ruggiero collection 4.4 x 3.3 x 2.4cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",600,450,{"id":261,"source_url":262,"license_code":253,"credit_html":263,"title":264,"description":265,"author":257,"original_width":266,"original_height":267},6159,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163989","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163989\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Connellite-231679.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConnellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Connellite\">Connellite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Lovelock Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBolivia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bolivia\">Bolivia\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCottonwood_Canyon\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cottonwood Canyon\">Cottonwood Canyon\u003C\u002Fa>, Table Mountain District, Churchill County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNevada\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nevada\">Nevada\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3892.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.5 x 4.2 x 2.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Sparkly, robin’s-egg blue connellite microcrystals richly cover all five sides (including the bottom) of the sculptural, 3-dimensional wedge of quartz-rich matrix on this fine specimen from the less well-known Lovelock Mine of Nevada. Connellite is a relatively uncommon copper secondary mineral and this is an extremely rich and very highly representative specimen of the species and locale.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",750,561,{"id":269,"source_url":270,"license_code":253,"credit_html":271,"title":272,"description":265,"author":257,"original_width":258,"original_height":273},6160,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163990","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163990\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Connellite-231680.jpg",528,{"id":275,"source_url":276,"license_code":253,"credit_html":277,"title":278,"description":279,"author":280,"original_width":281,"original_height":282},6163,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865956","Leon Hupperichs, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865956\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Connellite-87344.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConnellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Connellite\">Connellite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Ingadanais Mines, Vila Velha de Rodão, Castelo Branco District, Portugal\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Field of view 7 mm. Depth of field is achieved with CombineZM. Specimen and photo Leon Hupperichs.  This Photo was Mindat.org Photo of the Day - 14th May 2007\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Leon Hupperichs",692,519,{"id":284,"source_url":285,"license_code":286,"credit_html":287,"title":288,"description":289,"author":290,"original_width":291,"original_height":292},6165,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=81764709","Public domain","Van King, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=81764709\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Connellite-936150.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConnellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Connellite\">Connellite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Bagdad Mine (Bagdad Copper Corp. Mine; Cyprus Bagdad Copper County Mine), Bagdad, Eureka Mining District, Yavapai County, Arizona, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Field of view: 5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Enormous cluster of deep blue connellite crystals in matrix. In Bob Jenkins' collection. Collected 2015\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Van King",3263,2912,{"id":294,"source_url":295,"license_code":253,"credit_html":296,"title":297,"description":298,"author":257,"original_width":299,"original_height":300},50423,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151975","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151975\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Connellite-Cuprite-177945.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConnellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Connellite\">Connellite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCuprite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cuprite\">Cuprite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBisbee\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bisbee\">Bisbee\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWarren_(biogeographic_region)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Warren (biogeographic region)\">Warren District\u003C\u002Fa>, Mule Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCochise_County,_Arizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cochise County, Arizona\">Cochise County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arizona\">Arizona\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3296.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.0 x 3.9 x 3.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A rich specimen with three clusters of the very rare species connellite, featuring: two spherical aggregates atop the specimen measuring 5 and 8mm across; and another group of crystals in freestanding form in a protected vug. The matrix is massive cuprite with attached host rock at its back. Ex. Rice Northwest Museum and Esker Mayberry Collections.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",800,673,{"id":302,"source_url":303,"license_code":253,"credit_html":304,"title":305,"description":306,"author":257,"original_width":299,"original_height":307},6161,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446526","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446526\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Connellite-Olivenite-corn02b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConnellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Connellite\">Connellite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOlivenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Olivenite\">Olivenite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Gwennap area, Camborne - Redruth - St Day District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCornwall\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cornwall\">Cornwall\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEngland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:England\">England\u003C\u002Fa>, UK (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-15926.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.6 x 5.0 x 3.7 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Connellite with Olivenite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This mine, old and little known, has nevertheless produced this unusual and rare combination of blue-green, connellite, a sulfate; and olive green, olivenite, an arsenate. These two species are beautifully crystallized in a quartz vug along with gemmy, quartz crystals, to .5 cm in length. These specimens are thought to be from the late 1700�s, I am told; although not given a proper species name til the 1850s. In any case, its old and attractive and very, very rare!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",596,{"id":309,"source_url":310,"license_code":253,"credit_html":311,"title":312,"description":313,"author":257,"original_width":299,"original_height":314},6162,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10462457","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10462457\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Connellite-Cuprite-rice-13c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConnellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Connellite\">Connellite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCuprite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cuprite\">Cuprite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBisbee\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bisbee\">Bisbee\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWarren_(biogeographic_region)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Warren (biogeographic region)\">Warren District\u003C\u002Fa>, Mule Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCochise_County,_Arizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cochise County, Arizona\">Cochise County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arizona\">Arizona\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3296.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 6.0 x 3.9 x 3.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Connellite on Cuprite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A rich specimen with three clusters of the very rare species connellite, featuring: two spherical aggregates atop the specimen measureing 5 and 8mm across; and another group of crystals in freestanding form in a protected vug. These were very rare at Bisbee, and I have only ever seen 2 others for sale myself. The matrix is massive cuprite with attached host rock at its back. Esker Mayberry was the Bisbee barber and amassed a large and fine collection of Bisbee specimens in part by trading haircuts!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",631,{"id":316,"source_url":317,"license_code":253,"credit_html":318,"title":319,"description":320,"author":257,"original_width":321,"original_height":322},50424,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10174419","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10174419\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Connellite-Malachite-Cuprite-290489.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConnellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Connellite\">Connellite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMalachite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Malachite\">Malachite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCuprite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cuprite\">Cuprite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Czar Mine (Czar Shaft), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopper_Queen_Mine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copper Queen Mine\">Copper Queen Mine (Halero Mine)\u003C\u002Fa>, Queen Hill, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBisbee\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Bisbee\">Bisbee\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWarren_(biogeographic_region)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Warren (biogeographic region)\">Warren District\u003C\u002Fa>, Mule Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCochise_County,_Arizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cochise County, Arizona\">Cochise County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arizona\">Arizona\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3302.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.0 x 3.9 x 1.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The famous Czar Mine at Bisbee produced from 1885 to 1944 and \"yielded more fine mineral specimens than any other in the camp\" (Mineralogical Record Bisbee issue, September-October, 1981). This rich copper ore combination specimen of solid cuprite is covered on both sides with eye-visible embedded microcrystals of blue connellite and primary malachite crystals in a pocket. Connellite is an uncommon hydrated copper hydroxide-sulfate-chloride and this is a fine reference specimen. Comes with an older Wards label.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",465,350,{"id":324,"source_url":325,"license_code":253,"credit_html":326,"title":327,"description":320,"author":257,"original_width":321,"original_height":328},50425,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10174420","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10174420\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Connellite-Malachite-Cuprite-290490.jpg",381,{"id":330,"source_url":331,"license_code":253,"credit_html":332,"title":333,"description":320,"author":257,"original_width":321,"original_height":334},50426,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10174422","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10174422\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Connellite-Malachite-Cuprite-290491.jpg",467,{"id":336,"source_url":337,"license_code":253,"credit_html":338,"title":339,"description":306,"author":257,"original_width":340,"original_height":341},50428,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446525","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446525\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Connellite-Olivenite-corn02a.jpg",395,400,{"id":343,"source_url":344,"license_code":253,"credit_html":345,"title":346,"description":347,"author":280,"original_width":348,"original_height":349},5766,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14866219","Leon Hupperichs, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14866219\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Claringbullite-Connellite-94431.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FClaringbullite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Claringbullite\">Claringbullite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConnellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Connellite\">Connellite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Carpenara (slag locality), Varenna Valley, Genova, Genova Province, Liguria, Italy\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Greenish blue tiny crystals and crusts of Claringbullite (analysed) together with some nice \"hairy\" spheres of possible Connellite. Field of view 3 mm. Specimen and photo Leon Hupperichs.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",724,509,[351,357],{"id":352,"url":353,"label":354,"formula":355,"spacegroup":356,"year":247},3139,"\u002Fcif\u002F3139.cif","Hibbs 2006","Cu7.5 Cl.827 O28.487 N.021 S.056 H27.75","P 63\u002Fm m c",{"id":358,"url":359,"label":360,"formula":361,"spacegroup":362,"year":217},3140,"\u002Fcif\u002F3140.cif","McLean 1972","Cu9.048 S.133 Cl2.001 N.034 O36.699 H33.999","P -6 2 c",[364,365,366,367,368,369,370,371,372,373],"Carbonatian  Connellite","Ceruleofibrite","Connelliet","Footeit","Footeita","Footeite","Sulphato-chloride of Copper","Tallingit","Tallingita","Tallingite",[375,379,383,387,391,394,398,402,406,409,413,416],{"lang":376,"names":377},"ar",[378],"كونيليت",{"lang":380,"names":381},"ca",[382],"connel·lita",{"lang":384,"names":385},"de",[386],"Connellit",{"lang":388,"names":389},"es",[390],"Connellita",{"lang":392,"names":393},"eu",[390],{"lang":395,"names":396},"fa",[397],"کنلیت",{"lang":399,"names":400},"fr",[401,7,369],"Céruléofibrite",{"lang":403,"names":404},"gl",[405],"connellita",{"lang":407,"names":408},"it",[7],{"lang":410,"names":411},"ja",[412],"コネライト",{"lang":414,"names":415},"pl",[386],{"lang":417,"names":418},"uk",[419],"Конеліт","Q417473",{"history":422,"applications":426},{"markdown":423,"model_version":424,"prompt_version":425,"reviewed_at":11},"Connellite carries the name of a chemist who never found it, only weighed it. The mineral is one of the great blue rarities of Cornish copper mining — a fan of needle-thin crystals in the deepest azure, lining cavities in weathered copper ore.\n\nIts story in print begins in 1802, when the Cornish collector Philip Rashleigh noted the strange blue tufts among copper minerals in Cornwall, England[1]. Decades passed before anyone pinned down what they were. The first chemical study came in 1847, by Arthur Connell, a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and professor of chemistry at St Andrews University in Scotland[2].\n\nThe mineral got its modern name in 1850, when the American mineralogist James Dwight Dana described it and honoured Connell — the man who had first worked out its chemistry — by attaching his name to it[3]. Connell himself was born in Edinburgh in 1794 and died at St Andrews in 1863[3].\n\nThe crystals that started all this came from Wheal Providence, a copper mine at Carbis Bay in Cornwall — the locality that remains the mineral's defining find[4]. Connellite forms there as a secondary mineral — one that grows late. It appears only after the original copper ore is chemically attacked by air and water near the surface. It keeps company with other such latecomers, among them cuprite and malachite[4].","claude-opus-4-8","1.7.0",{"markdown":427,"model_version":424,"prompt_version":425,"reviewed_at":11},"Connellite has no industrial use, and the sources record none. It is too rare and too fragile to mine for anything — the deep-blue needles crumble at a touch and turn up only as thin crusts in old copper workings[1]. What value it has is to people who study and collect minerals. A good cluster of its acicular crystals — slender and needle-like, in that unmistakable azure — is prized by collectors. Museums keep specimens as fine examples of the species. Beyond the cabinet and the display case, the mineral does no work."]