[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1124":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":22,"key_elements":11,"impurities":23,"cim":24,"ima_status":25,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":28,"strunz10ed1":29,"strunz10ed2":30,"strunz10ed3":31,"strunz10ed4":32,"dana8ed1":33,"dana8ed2":34,"dana8ed3":35,"dana8ed4":36,"csystem":37,"cclass":38,"spacegroup":38,"spacegroupset":39,"a":40,"b":41,"c":42,"alpha":43,"beta":44,"gamma":45,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":46,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":47,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":48,"tlform":11,"hmin":49,"hmax":50,"hardtype":50,"vhnmin":39,"vhnmax":39,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":51,"dmeas2":52,"dcalc":53,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":54,"lustre":11,"lustretype":55,"commentluster":56,"diapheny":57,"streak":58,"colour":59,"commentcolor":11,"colors":60,"streak_colors":11,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":64,"cleavagetype":65,"fracturetype":66,"tenacity":67,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":68,"opticalsign":69,"opticalalpha":70,"opticalalpha2":71,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":72,"opticalbeta2":73,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":74,"opticalgamma2":75,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":39,"opticalomega2":39,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":39,"opticalepsilon2":39,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":39,"opticaln2":39,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":76,"optical2vcalc2":77,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":78,"optical2vmeasured2":79,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":80,"rimax":81,"opticaldispersion":82,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":83,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":84,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":85,"aboutname":86,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":87,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":88,"group_members":89,"associates":133,"confused_with":168,"type_localities":169,"occurrence_total":174,"citations":175,"images":299,"structures":516,"synonyms":517,"language_names":550,"wikidata_qid":618,"texts":619},1124,"1:1:1124:8","c996a8f3-9ca9-427d-8271-a30225ecb4a8","Copiapite","Cpi",0,"mineral",null,29284,3070,false,"Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·20H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 20H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[18,19,20,21],"Fe","O","S","H",[18,19,20,21],",Cu,Ca,Al,,","25.10.22",[26,27],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1833","7","D","B","35","31","10","5","1","Triclinic",2,"0","7.337","18.76","7.379","91.47","102.18","98.95",1,"Contact twinning with twin axis [101] and composition plane {010}, uncommon.","Crystals rare, tabular {010}, sometimes highly modified. Commonly found as scaly aggregates or fine-granular encrustations.",2.5,3,"2.08","2.17","2.118","2.147 (Tierra Amarilla material); 2.154 (Chuquicamata material).","Pearly,Earthy","Pearly on {010}.","Transparent,Translucent,Opaque","Not reported","Crystals: sulfur-yellow to orange, massive material: greenish-yellow to olive-green.",[61,62,63],"yellow","orange","green","on {010}, perfect; on {_101}, imperfect.","Perfect","Irregular\u002FUneven,Micaceous","fragile","Biaxial","+","1.506","1.54","1.528","1.549","1.575","1.6","48","72","45","74",1.506,1.6,"none","Readily soluble in water, forming a yellowish solution.","Areas of pyrite oxidation.","Copiapite Group.\r\n\r\nTypically found as greenish-yellow to olive-green scaly to fine-granular crusts.\r\n\r\nSome 'copiapite' may in fact be ferricopiapite or other members of the copiapite group.\r\n\r\nOne of 3 purely ferrous-ferric sulfate minerals beside bí...","Named in 1833 for the type locality, near Copiapó city, Chile.","2025-08-11 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20H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>0.67\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·20H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.14",3525,{"id":120,"name":121,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":122,"mindat_formula":123,"hmin":49,"hmax":50,"dmeas":39,"dcalc":39,"primary_image_id":124},2486,"Magnesiocopiapite","MgFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 20H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","MgFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·20H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",15062,{"id":126,"name":127,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":128,"mindat_formula":129,"hmin":38,"hmax":38,"dmeas":130,"dcalc":131,"primary_image_id":132},4413,"Zincocopiapite","ZnFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 20H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","ZnFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·18H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.181","2.15",28797,[134,141,151,159],{"id":135,"name":136,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":137,"mindat_formula":138,"hmin":49,"hmax":49,"dmeas":139,"dcalc":117,"primary_image_id":140},182,"Amarantite","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O·7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.189",1035,{"id":142,"name":143,"entrytype":9,"csystem":144,"ima_formula":145,"mindat_formula":146,"hmin":147,"hmax":38,"dmeas":148,"dcalc":149,"primary_image_id":150},281,"Apjohnite","Monoclinic","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",1.5,"1.78","1.836",1665,{"id":152,"name":153,"entrytype":9,"csystem":154,"ima_formula":155,"mindat_formula":156,"hmin":49,"hmax":49,"dmeas":157,"dcalc":158,"primary_image_id":11},46506,"Fermiite","Orthorhombic","Na\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub> · 3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>·3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.23","3.313",{"id":160,"name":161,"entrytype":9,"csystem":162,"ima_formula":163,"mindat_formula":164,"hmin":38,"hmax":49,"dmeas":165,"dcalc":166,"primary_image_id":167},1544,"Fibroferrite","Trigonal","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH) · 5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)·5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.84","1.996",8890,[],[170],{"id":171,"txt":172,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":173},657,"Copiapó Province, Atacama, Chile","Chile",387,[176,179,182,186,190,194,198,202,206,210,214,217,221,225,229,233,237,241,245,249,253,258,263,267,271,275,279,283,287,291,295],{"id":177,"year":11,"html":178,"doi":11},16091852,"De natura fossilium - Lib. I-X",{"id":180,"year":11,"html":181,"doi":11},16106420,"Dioscorides (as Μισυ).",{"id":183,"year":184,"html":185,"doi":11},16106422,1546,"Agricola, Georgius (1546) Interpretatio Germanica vocum rei metallicae (as Gelb Atrament).",{"id":187,"year":188,"html":189,"doi":11},16106423,1747,"Wallerius, J.G (1747) Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket. Stockholm: 159 (as Misy, Gul Atrament, and Lapis atramentarius flavus).",{"id":191,"year":192,"html":193,"doi":11},17557205,1813,"Hausmann, Johann Friedrich Ludwig (1813) \u003Ci>Handbuch der Mineralogie\u003C\u002Fi> (1st ed.). Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fhandbuchdermine01hausgoog\u002Fhandbuchdermine01hausgoog.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":195,"year":196,"html":197,"doi":11},18530316,1823,"Breithaupt, August (1823) \u003Ci>Vollständige Charakteristik des Mineral-Systems\u003C\u002Fi> (1st ed.). Arnoldischen Buchhandlung.",{"id":199,"year":200,"html":201,"doi":11},16106426,1832,"Breithaupt, A. (1832) Vollständige Characteristik etc., 2nd. Ed.: 223 (as Gelbeisenerz).",{"id":203,"year":204,"html":205,"doi":11},15961676,1833,"Rose (1833) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 27: 314 (as Basisches schwefelsaures Eisenoxyd).",{"id":207,"year":208,"html":209,"doi":11},12986359,1845,"Haidinger, Wilhelm (1845) \u003Ci>Handbuch der bestimmenden Mineralogie, enthaltend die Terminologie, Systematik, Nomenklatur und Charakteristik der Naturgeschichte des Mineralreiches\u003C\u002Fi> (1st ed.) Braumüller & Seidel, Vienna. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fbub_gb_tPkTAAAAQAAJ\u002Fbub_gb_tPkTAAAAQAAJ.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":211,"year":212,"html":213,"doi":11},16106429,1847,"Hausmann, J.F.L. (1847) Handbuch der Mineralogie 3 volumes, Göttingen. Second edition: vol. 2, in two parts: 1203 (as Misy).",{"id":215,"year":212,"html":216,"doi":11},16161667,"Glocker, Ernst Friedrich (1847) \u003Ci>Generum et specierum mineralium, secundum ordines naturales digestorum synopsis, omnium, quotquot adhuc reperta sunt, mineralium nomina complectens [A synopsis of the genera and species of minerals, according to their natural orders, including the names of all the minerals that have yet been discovered.]\u003C\u002Fi>. Eduardus Anton. 348 pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fgenerumetspecie00unkngoog\u002Fgenerumetspecie00unkngoog.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":218,"year":219,"html":220,"doi":11},16106430,1877,"Schrauf, Albrecht (1877): 252 (as Ihlëite).",{"id":222,"year":223,"html":224,"doi":11},16106431,1889,"Linck (1889) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 15: 1.",{"id":226,"year":227,"html":228,"doi":11},16106432,1890,"Darapsky (1890) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: I: 49.",{"id":230,"year":231,"html":232,"doi":11},1118647,1892,"Dana, Edward Salisbury; Dana, James Dwight (1892) \u003Ci>A System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.",{"id":234,"year":235,"html":236,"doi":11},16106434,1895,"Mauzelius in: Sjögren (1895) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 17: 268.",{"id":238,"year":239,"html":240,"doi":11},16106435,1905,"Böckh and Emszt (1905) Földtani Közlöny, Budapest (Magyarhone Földtani Torsulat): 35: 139 (as Janosite).",{"id":242,"year":243,"html":244,"doi":11},16106436,1907,"Toborffy (1907) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 43: 369.",{"id":246,"year":247,"html":248,"doi":11},16106437,1911,"Manasse (1911) Processi verbali della Società Toscana di scienze naturali in Pisa: 20: 1.",{"id":250,"year":251,"html":252,"doi":11},16106438,1913,"Scharizer (1913) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 52: 372.",{"id":254,"year":255,"html":256,"doi":257},647767,1921,"Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi> 679. US Geological Survey \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb679'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb679\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0679\u002Freport.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb679",{"id":259,"year":260,"html":261,"doi":262},1182898,1922,"Posnjak, E.; Merwin, H. E. (1922) The system, Fe2O3—SO3—H2O. \u003Ci>Journal Of The American Chemical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  44 (9). 1965-1994 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fja01430a016'>doi:10.1021\u002Fja01430a016\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Fja01430a016",{"id":264,"year":265,"html":266,"doi":11},16106441,1927,"Scharizer (1927) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 65: 335.",{"id":268,"year":269,"html":270,"doi":11},16106442,1935,"Ungemach (1935) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 58: 97, 152 (as Pseudo-copiapite).",{"id":272,"year":273,"html":274,"doi":11},16106443,1938,"Berry (1938) University of Toronto Stud., Geol. Series, no. 41: 7",{"id":276,"year":277,"html":278,"doi":11},16106444,1946,"Palache, C., Peacock and Berry (1946) University of Toronto Stud., Geol. Series, no. 50: 9.",{"id":280,"year":281,"html":282,"doi":11},16106445,1947,"Berry (1947) University of Toronto Stud., Geol. Series, no. 51: 21.",{"id":284,"year":285,"html":286,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":288,"year":289,"html":290,"doi":11},526021,1973,"Fanfani, Luca, Nunzi, Antonio, Zanazzi, Pier Francesco, Zanzari, and Anna Rosa (1973) The copiapite problem: The crystal structure of a ferrian copiapite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  58 (3-4) 314-322 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM58\u002FAM58_314.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":292,"year":293,"html":294,"doi":11},1118654,1997,"Gaines, Richard V.; Skinner, H. Catherine W.; Foord, Eugene E.; Mason, Brian; Rosenzweig, Abraham; King, Vandall T. (1997) \u003Ci>Dana's New Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (8th ed.). Wiley-Interscience. 1872 pp.",{"id":296,"year":297,"html":298,"doi":11},16963792,2005,"(2005) Copiapite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fcopiapite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",[300,308,315,321,331,339,346,356,363,370,377,384,391,397,404,409,414,421,426,432,439,446,451,457,463,469,476,481,488,498,504,510],{"id":301,"source_url":302,"license_code":303,"credit_html":304,"title":305,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":306,"original_height":307},6196,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=164207","CC BY 2.0","Unknown author, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=164207\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Mineraly.sk - copiapit.jpg",340,200,{"id":309,"source_url":310,"license_code":311,"credit_html":312,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":313,"original_height":314},29521,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F164872","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F164872\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",778,848,{"id":316,"source_url":317,"license_code":311,"credit_html":318,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":319,"original_height":320},29522,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F164869","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F164869\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,770,{"id":322,"source_url":323,"license_code":324,"credit_html":325,"title":326,"description":327,"author":328,"original_width":329,"original_height":330},6197,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147249","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147249\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Copiapite-159310.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copiapite\">Copiapite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Bolesław Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPrzyg%C3%B3rze\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Przygórze\">Przygórze\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNowa_Ruda\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nowa Ruda\">Nowa Ruda\u003C\u002Fa>, Kłodzko District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLower_Silesia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lower Silesia\">Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)\u003C\u002Fa>, Poland (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-156030.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Copiapite [not analysed] is a really weird highly hydrated iron sulfate that forms near the surface, in secondary oxidation zones of iron ore deposits. The iron that forms it usually comes from one or another of the sulfide minerals. It is remarkably light in the hand, and has a chalky texture. This large specimen came from the collection of Dave Stoudt, who was stationed in Poland for 10 years, and had the opportunity to obtain specimens from old and generally closed localities, in addition to some interesting contemporary things many of which did not reach the general market. Sprayed with a very light enamel to prevent crumbling.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",529,600,{"id":332,"source_url":333,"license_code":324,"credit_html":334,"title":335,"description":336,"author":328,"original_width":337,"original_height":338},6198,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158618","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158618\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Copiapite-199661.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copiapite\">Copiapite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Alcaparrosa Mine, Cerritos Bayos, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalama\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calama\">Calama\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEl_Loa_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:El Loa Province\">El Loa Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAntofagasta_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Antofagasta Region\">Antofagasta Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Chile (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-639.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 11.9 x 7.4 x 4.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Sharp, lustrous, mica-like crystals of copiapite in unusually large sizes to 8mm, richly decorate this large matrix specimen. Ex. Philadelphia Academy of Sciences Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",800,528,{"id":340,"source_url":341,"license_code":324,"credit_html":342,"title":343,"description":336,"author":328,"original_width":344,"original_height":345},6199,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158619","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158619\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Copiapite-199662.jpg",392,400,{"id":347,"source_url":348,"license_code":349,"credit_html":350,"title":351,"description":352,"author":353,"original_width":354,"original_height":355},6200,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=46512024","CC BY 3.0","Ben Kirchner, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=46512024\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Copiapite-692700.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copiapite\">Copiapite\u003C\u002Fa> (Field of View: ~ 9 mm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Antler Mine, Arrastra Mt., Hualapai District, Hualapai Mts, Mohave Co., Arizona, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Collected 2011 by D. Maietta. Field of view is 4.1mm horizontal.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Ben Kirchner",1024,768,{"id":357,"source_url":358,"license_code":324,"credit_html":359,"title":360,"description":361,"author":328,"original_width":330,"original_height":362},3710,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10145514","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10145514\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Copiapite-Butlerite-147968.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBotryogen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Botryogen\">Botryogen\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copiapite\">Copiapite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butlerite\">Butlerite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FParabutlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Parabutlerite\">Parabutlerite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Santa Elena Mine, La Alcaparrosa, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Juan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Juan\">San Juan\u003C\u002Fa>, Argentina (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21392.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.5 x 5.6 x 3.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very rich specimen with numerous clusters of Botryogen crystals to 1 cm and slightly more, embedded in matrix of minutely crystallized Parabutlerite with other associated species.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",485,{"id":364,"source_url":365,"license_code":324,"credit_html":366,"title":367,"description":368,"author":328,"original_width":369,"original_height":330},3711,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10145517","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10145517\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Copiapite-Butlerite-147970.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBotryogen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Botryogen\">Botryogen\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copiapite\">Copiapite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butlerite\">Butlerite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FParabutlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Parabutlerite\">Parabutlerite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Santa Elena Mine, La Alcaparrosa, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Juan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Juan\">San Juan\u003C\u002Fa>, Argentina (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21392.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.5 x 4.3 x 1.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This specimen has the largest crystal I have seen from the find, which shows 2.2 cm well-exposed on several sides and obviously continues into the matrix for another centimeter or so, popping out a bit along the front face (maybe it can be excavated more?), making this surely one of the world’s largest of species. The crystal is translucent, and is terminated (a bit rough from contact, but it does seem to be terminated). Major for the species! I do not know if gems can be cut from the species, but if it is possible, this would be the piece.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",477,{"id":371,"source_url":372,"license_code":324,"credit_html":373,"title":374,"description":375,"author":328,"original_width":330,"original_height":376},36623,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10145519","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10145519\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Copiapite-Butlerite-147972.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBotryogen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Botryogen\">Botryogen\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copiapite\">Copiapite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butlerite\">Butlerite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FParabutlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Parabutlerite\">Parabutlerite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Santa Elena Mine, La Alcaparrosa, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Juan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Juan\">San Juan\u003C\u002Fa>, Argentina (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21392.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.5 x 5.6 x 4.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very rich specimen with numerous sharp clusters of Botryogen crystals to 1 cm, embedded in matrix of minutely crystallized Parabutlerite with other associated species. Many crystals are sharp and translucent. This is a rich and colorful specimen with whopping crystals for the species.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",500,{"id":378,"source_url":379,"license_code":324,"credit_html":380,"title":381,"description":382,"author":328,"original_width":345,"original_height":383},3712,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10145521","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10145521\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Copiapite-147974.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBotryogen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Botryogen\">Botryogen\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copiapite\">Copiapite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Santa Elena Mine, La Alcaparrosa, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Juan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Juan\">San Juan\u003C\u002Fa>, Argentina (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21392.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.2 x 5.1 x 5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>According to the collector, this was his best larger specimen. It is extremely rich with vugs and clusters of botrygen all over it. On its own, aside from the rarity, it is a colorful and unusual piece. Particularly colorful is the central radial spray of botrygen crystals to 2 cm, covered on their terminations by the rolling carpet of beige copiapite. In fact, this specimen has killer crystals of that mineral as well, showing elongated triclinic copiapite crystals to 4 mm in size, perched on botrygen.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",343,{"id":385,"source_url":386,"license_code":324,"credit_html":387,"title":388,"description":389,"author":328,"original_width":345,"original_height":390},36626,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446698","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446698\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Butlerite-Copiapite-d05-1b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBotryogen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Botryogen\">Botryogen\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butlerite\">Butlerite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copiapite\">Copiapite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FParabutlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Parabutlerite\">Parabutlerite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mina Santa Elena, Alcaparrosa, San Juan, Argentina\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.7 x 4.1 x 2.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Botryogen, Copiapite, Butlerite and Parabutlerite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This specimen features a super red-colored crystal of 1.3 cm with one of the most lustrous faces of the lot, facing front. It is embedded in matrix of minutely crystallized Parabutlerite with other associated species.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",304,{"id":392,"source_url":393,"license_code":324,"credit_html":394,"title":395,"description":389,"author":328,"original_width":330,"original_height":396},36627,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446699","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446699\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Butlerite-Copiapite-d05-1a.jpg",447,{"id":398,"source_url":399,"license_code":324,"credit_html":400,"title":401,"description":402,"author":328,"original_width":345,"original_height":403},4210,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446700","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446700\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Butlerite-Copiapite-d05-10b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBotryogen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Botryogen\">Botryogen\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butlerite\">Butlerite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copiapite\">Copiapite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FParabutlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Parabutlerite\">Parabutlerite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mina Santa Elena, Alcaparrosa, San Juan, Argentina\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.5 x 5.6 x 4.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Botryogen, Copiapite, Butlerite and Parabutlerite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very rich specimen with numerous sharp clusters of Botryogen crystals to 1 cm, embedded in matrix of minutely crystallized Parabutlerite with other associated species. Many crystals are sharp and translucent. THis is a rich and colorful specimen with whopping crystals for the species!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",300,{"id":405,"source_url":406,"license_code":324,"credit_html":407,"title":408,"description":402,"author":328,"original_width":345,"original_height":403},36628,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446701","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446701\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Butlerite-Copiapite-d05-10c.jpg",{"id":410,"source_url":411,"license_code":324,"credit_html":412,"title":413,"description":402,"author":328,"original_width":330,"original_height":376},4211,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446702","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446702\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Butlerite-Copiapite-d05-10a.jpg",{"id":415,"source_url":416,"license_code":324,"credit_html":417,"title":418,"description":419,"author":328,"original_width":330,"original_height":420},3713,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446705","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446705\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Copiapite-d05-11a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBotryogen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Botryogen\">Botryogen\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copiapite\">Copiapite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mina Santa Elena, Alcaparrosa, San Juan, Argentina\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 8.2 x 5.1 x 5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Botryogen, Copiapite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>According to the collector, this was his best larger specimen. It is extremely rich with vugs and clusters of botrygen all over it. On its own, aside from the rarity, it is a colorful and unusual piece. Particuarly colorful is the central radial spray of botrygen crystals to 2 cm, covered on their terminations by the rolling carpet of beige copiapite. In fact, this specimen has killer crystals of that mineral as well (lower-right photo), showing elongated triclinic copiapite crystals to 4 mm in size, perched on botrygen.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",435,{"id":422,"source_url":423,"license_code":324,"credit_html":424,"title":425,"description":419,"author":328,"original_width":345,"original_height":403},36629,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446706","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446706\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Copiapite-d05-11b.jpg",{"id":427,"source_url":428,"license_code":324,"credit_html":429,"title":430,"description":419,"author":328,"original_width":431,"original_height":345},36630,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446708","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446708\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Copiapite-d05-11c.jpg",339,{"id":433,"source_url":434,"license_code":324,"credit_html":435,"title":436,"description":437,"author":328,"original_width":345,"original_height":438},36631,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446724","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446724\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Butlerite-Copiapite-d05-6b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBotryogen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Botryogen\">Botryogen\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butlerite\">Butlerite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copiapite\">Copiapite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FParabutlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Parabutlerite\">Parabutlerite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mina Santa Elena, Alcaparrosa, San Juan, Argentina\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7.5 x 5.6 x 3.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Botryogen, Copiapite, Butlerite and Parabutlerite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very rich specimen with numerous clusters of Botryogen crystals to 1 cm and slightly more, embedded in matrix of minutely crystallized Parabutlerite with other associated species.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",319,{"id":440,"source_url":441,"license_code":324,"credit_html":442,"title":443,"description":444,"author":328,"original_width":330,"original_height":445},36632,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446729","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446729\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Butlerite-Copiapite-d05-7a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBotryogen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Botryogen\">Botryogen\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butlerite\">Butlerite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copiapite\">Copiapite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FParabutlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Parabutlerite\">Parabutlerite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mina Santa Elena, Alcaparrosa, San Juan, Argentina\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.5 x 3.4 x 2.4 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Botryogen, Copiapite, Butlerite and Parabutlerite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a superb specimen composed of almost soid botrygen in the form of the huge crystals which makes this find so phenomenal. The sharpest crystals atop are to almost 1 cm, but they rest on swept-back, bladed crystals to 2 cm and more. Another cluster of freestanding crystals on the back features a 1.5 cm doubly-terminated crystal. It is the best Miniature I saw, for my taste, and has both aesthetics and color as well as the significance for the species you'd want at this price range for a rarity. Truly oustanding for the find and certainly for the species compared to other locales.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",478,{"id":447,"source_url":448,"license_code":324,"credit_html":449,"title":450,"description":444,"author":328,"original_width":345,"original_height":403},36633,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446730","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446730\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Butlerite-Copiapite-d05-7b.jpg",{"id":452,"source_url":453,"license_code":324,"credit_html":454,"title":455,"description":444,"author":328,"original_width":345,"original_height":456},4212,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446731","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446731\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Butlerite-Copiapite-d05-7c.jpg",347,{"id":458,"source_url":459,"license_code":324,"credit_html":460,"title":461,"description":462,"author":328,"original_width":369,"original_height":330},36634,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446732","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446732\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Butlerite-Copiapite-d05-8a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBotryogen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Botryogen\">Botryogen\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butlerite\">Butlerite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copiapite\">Copiapite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FParabutlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Parabutlerite\">Parabutlerite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mina Santa Elena, Alcaparrosa, San Juan, Argentina\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.5 x 4.3 x 1.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Botryogen, Copiapite, Butlerite and Parabutlerite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This specimen has the largest crystal I have seen from the find, which shows 2.2 cm well-exposed on several sides and obviously continues into the matrix for another centimeter or so, popping out a bit along the front face (maybe it can be excavated more?), making this surely one of the world's largest of species. The crystal is translucent, and is terminated (a bit rough from contact, but it does seem to be terminated). Major for the species! I do not know if gems can be cut from the species, but if it is possible, this would be the piece...\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":464,"source_url":465,"license_code":324,"credit_html":466,"title":467,"description":462,"author":328,"original_width":468,"original_height":345},4213,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446733","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446733\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Butlerite-Copiapite-d05-8b.jpg",326,{"id":470,"source_url":471,"license_code":324,"credit_html":472,"title":473,"description":474,"author":328,"original_width":330,"original_height":475},4214,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446736","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446736\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Butlerite-Copiapite-d05-9a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBotryogen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Botryogen\">Botryogen\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butlerite\">Butlerite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copiapite\">Copiapite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FParabutlerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Parabutlerite\">Parabutlerite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mina Santa Elena, Alcaparrosa, San Juan, Argentina\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7 x 5.5 x 3.3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Botryogen, Copiapite, Butlerite and Parabutlerite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very rich specimen with numerous clusters of Botryogen crystals to just shy of 1 cm , embedded in matrix of minutely crystallized Parabutlerite with other associated species. VERY RICH along the upper display face, and about the most densely crystallized specimen of quality there was to be had\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",443,{"id":477,"source_url":478,"license_code":324,"credit_html":479,"title":480,"description":474,"author":328,"original_width":345,"original_height":403},36635,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446737","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446737\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Butlerite-Copiapite-d05-9b.jpg",{"id":482,"source_url":483,"license_code":349,"credit_html":484,"title":485,"description":486,"author":487,"original_width":354,"original_height":355},1018,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8862885","Arturo Molina, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8862885\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Copiapite Group, Alunogen, Chalcanthite - Quetena Mine, Chuquicamata District, Antofagasta, Chile.jpg","Assemblage of three sulphates from Queténa Mine, Toki Cu deposit, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta Region, Chile\n\u003Cul>\u003Cli>A:yellow pseudo-orthorhombic plates-SXRD: Copiapite group, most probably \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fmagnesiocopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:magnesiocopiapite\">magnesiocopiapite\u003C\u002Fa>, cell parameter: a=7.35; b=7.39; c=18.80; α=91.4°; β=98.8° und γ=102.2°\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>B:\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlunogen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Alunogen\">Alunogen\u003C\u002Fa> (white +\u002F- opaque plates with good cleavage\u002Fpartially dehydrated?, analysed by SXRD\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>C: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChalcnathite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chalcnathite\">Chalcanthite\u003C\u002Fa>, bluish grains, analysed by SXRD.\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\nFOV 5x5 mm. aprox; Many thanks to Dr. Uwe Kolitsch who has analysed the material","Arturo Molina",{"id":489,"source_url":490,"license_code":491,"credit_html":492,"title":493,"description":494,"author":495,"original_width":496,"original_height":497},13556,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118201012","CC BY-SA 2.0","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118201012\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kornelite with Copiapite (48140149168).jpg","\u003Cp>Inyo County\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nCalifornia, USA","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada",4000,6000,{"id":499,"source_url":500,"license_code":324,"credit_html":501,"title":502,"description":389,"author":328,"original_width":345,"original_height":503},37553,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446697","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446697\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Butlerite-Copiapite-d05-1c.jpg",275,{"id":505,"source_url":506,"license_code":491,"credit_html":507,"title":508,"description":509,"author":495,"original_width":496,"original_height":497},50699,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118201007","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118201007\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Coquimbite with Copiapite (48140119591).jpg","Coquimbo, Chile",{"id":511,"source_url":512,"license_code":491,"credit_html":513,"title":514,"description":515,"author":495,"original_width":496,"original_height":497},77215,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118201038","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118201038\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Roemerite with Copiapite (48140126991).jpg","near Cerritos Bayos, Chile",[],[518,519,520,521,522,523,524,525,526,527,528,529,530,531,532,533,534,535,536,537,538,539,540,541,542,543,544,545,546,547,548,549],"Atramenstein","Basisches schwefelsaures Eisenoxyd","Elaeit","Elaeita","Elaeite","Eläit","Eläita","Eläite","Ferrocopiapit","Flaveit","Flaveita","Flaveite","Gelb Atrament","Gelbeisenerz (of Breithaupt)","Gul Atrament Sten","Ihlëite","Janosit","Janosita","Janosite","Lapis atramentarius flavus","Misleyit","Misleyita","Misleyite","Niveit","Niveita","Niveite","Pseudo-copiapite","Pseudocopiapite","Violite","Xanthosiderit (of Glocker)","Yellow Copperas","Μισυ",[551,555,559,563,567,571,574,578,582,585,589,593,597,601,604,607,610,614],{"lang":552,"names":553},"ast",[554],"Copiapita",{"lang":556,"names":557},"az",[558],"Kopiapit",{"lang":560,"names":561},"ca",[562],"copiapita",{"lang":564,"names":565},"de",[519,566],"Copiapit",{"lang":568,"names":569},"el",[570],"Κοπιαπίτης",{"lang":572,"names":573},"es",[554],{"lang":575,"names":576},"eu",[554,577],"Kopiapita",{"lang":579,"names":580},"fa",[581],"کوپیاپیت",{"lang":583,"names":584},"fr",[7],{"lang":586,"names":587},"it",[588],"copiapite",{"lang":590,"names":591},"mn",[592],"Копиапит",{"lang":594,"names":595},"nb",[596],"copiapitt",{"lang":598,"names":599},"nl",[600],"copiapiet",{"lang":602,"names":603},"nn",[596],{"lang":605,"names":606},"pl",[566],{"lang":608,"names":609},"sk",[566],{"lang":611,"names":612},"uk",[613],"Копіапіт",{"lang":615,"names":616},"uz",[617],"Kopiapite","Q651700",{"history":11,"applications":11}]