[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1144":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":15,"ima_formula":14,"elements":16,"sigelements":19,"key_elements":20,"impurities":21,"cim":22,"ima_status":23,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":26,"strunz10ed1":27,"strunz10ed2":28,"strunz10ed3":29,"strunz10ed4":30,"dana8ed1":27,"dana8ed2":31,"dana8ed3":32,"dana8ed4":33,"csystem":34,"cclass":35,"spacegroup":36,"spacegroupset":37,"a":38,"b":37,"c":39,"alpha":37,"beta":37,"gamma":37,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":40,"z":41,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":42,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":43,"tlform":11,"hmin":44,"hmax":45,"hardtype":46,"vhnmin":47,"vhnmax":48,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":49,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":50,"dmeas2":51,"dcalc":52,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":53,"lustretype":53,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":54,"streak":55,"colour":56,"commentcolor":11,"colors":57,"streak_colors":64,"luminescence":65,"uv":11,"cleavage":66,"cleavagetype":67,"fracturetype":68,"tenacity":69,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":70,"opticalsign":71,"opticalalpha":37,"opticalalpha2":37,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":37,"opticalbeta2":37,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":37,"opticalgamma2":37,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":72,"opticalomega2":37,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":73,"opticalepsilon2":37,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":37,"opticaln2":37,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":37,"optical2vcalc2":37,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":37,"optical2vmeasured2":37,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":74,"rimax":75,"opticaldispersion":76,"opticalpleochroism":77,"opticalpleochorismdesc":78,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":79,"opticalanisotropism":76,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":80,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":81,"occurrence":82,"otheroccurrence":83,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":84,"aboutname":85,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":86,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":87,"group_members":88,"associates":89,"confused_with":146,"type_localities":148,"occurrence_total":153,"citations":154,"images":307,"structures":529,"synonyms":553,"language_names":568,"wikidata_qid":753,"texts":754},1144,"1:1:1144:6","4e3c8cad-61bb-4cc2-bc72-032ad6b3a627","Covellite","Cv",0,"mineral",null,18550,false,"CuS","\"Extended\" formula is Cu\u003Csup>+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Cu\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(S\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> (Goble, 1985).",[17,18],"Cu","S",[17,18],[17],",Fe,Se,Ag,Pb,,","3.1.8",[24,25],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1832","2","C","A","05a","8","12","1","Hexagonal",20,126,"0","3.7938","16.341",203.7,6,"None reported.","Hexagonal plates {001}, with pyramidal faces striated horizontally and hexagonal striations on the base.  Common forms: {001}, {104}, {103}, {308}, {102}, {9\u002F0\u002F16}, {5.08}, {101} and {201}.  Less common to rare:  {1.0.16}, {1.0.12}, {3.0.32}, {108}, {106}, {3.0.16}, {105}, {205}, {203}, {304}, {15.0.16} and {908}.",1.5,2,3,"128","138",100,"4.6","4.76","4.602","Sub-Metallic","Opaque","Shiny metallic, lead-grey to black","Indigo-blue or darker, inclining towards blue-black, often iridescent with purplish, deep red, and brassy-yellow reflections.",[58,59,60,61,62,63],"blue","black","purple","red","yellow","gray",[63,59],"None","Perfect on {0001}.","Perfect","Irregular\u002FUneven,Hackly","flexible","Uniaxial","+","1.45","2.62",1.45,2.62,"Strong","Visible","Deep blue to blue-white","Anisotropic","(14.5,32.0) 400,\r\n(14.7,31.5) 420,\r\n(14.3,30.3) 440,\r\n(13.3,29.0) 460,\r\n(11.7,27.6) 480,\r\n(10.1,26.2) 500,\r\n(8.5,24.7) 520,\r\n(6.9,23.4) 540,\r\n(5.5,22.1) 560,\r\n(4.2,21.1) 580,\r\n(3.3,21.1) 600,\r\n(3.3,21.6) 620,\r\n(4.9,22.3) 640,\r\n(9.8,22.7) 660,\r\n(16.4,22.6) 680,\r\n(24.9,22.4) 700","An ore of copper, sometimes of major importance but more typically a lesser one.","Igneous extrusive, as a volcanic sublimate on Mount Vesuvius.","Usually found as a secondary copper mineral in copper deposits, more rarely as a primary mineral of such deposits, and only very rarely as a volcanic sublimate (such as at Mount Vesuvius.)","Usually as indigo-blue massive metallic material, sometimes with crystals on exposed surfaces (those often spheroidal).  Good crystals extremely rare.\r\n\r\nA possible precursor mineral is known: 'Unnamed (Covellite-like Mineral)'.\r\nStoichiometrically sim...","Named in 1832 by Francois Sulpice Beudant in honor of Niccolo Covelli (January 20, 1790, Cajazzo, Italy - November 15, 1829), an Italian mineralogist and discoverer of the mineral at Mount Vesuvius.","2026-02-04 19:54:19",[],[],[90,97,105,112,121,131,140],{"id":91,"name":92,"entrytype":9,"csystem":93,"ima_formula":94,"mindat_formula":94,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":37,"dcalc":95,"primary_image_id":96},236,"Anilite","Orthorhombic","Cu\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","5.68",1446,{"id":98,"name":99,"entrytype":9,"csystem":100,"ima_formula":101,"mindat_formula":102,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":103,"dcalc":104,"primary_image_id":11},31499,"Braithwaiteite","Triclinic","NaCu\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(Sb\u003Csup>5+\u003C\u002Fsup>Ti\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>)O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>[AsO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)]\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","NaCu\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(Ti\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>Sb\u003Csup>5+\u003C\u002Fsup>)(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(HAsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> ·8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.442","3.753",{"id":106,"name":107,"entrytype":9,"csystem":93,"ima_formula":108,"mindat_formula":108,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":109,"dcalc":110,"primary_image_id":111},1380,"Enargite","Cu\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>AsS\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.4","4.40",7833,{"id":113,"name":114,"entrytype":9,"csystem":115,"ima_formula":116,"mindat_formula":116,"hmin":46,"hmax":117,"dmeas":118,"dcalc":119,"primary_image_id":120},1451,"Famatinite","Tetragonal","Cu\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>SbS\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",4,"4.635","4.66",8313,{"id":122,"name":123,"entrytype":9,"csystem":124,"ima_formula":125,"mindat_formula":126,"hmin":127,"hmax":127,"dmeas":128,"dcalc":129,"primary_image_id":130},1857,"Hematolite","Trigonal","(Mn,Mg,Al)\u003Csub>15\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>23\u003C\u002Fsub>","(Mn,Mg,Al,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)\u003Csub>15\u003C\u002Fsub>(As\u003Csup>5+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(As\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>23\u003C\u002Fsub>",3.5,"3.49","3.48",11121,{"id":132,"name":133,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":134,"mindat_formula":135,"hmin":45,"hmax":136,"dmeas":137,"dcalc":138,"primary_image_id":139},2226,"Klockmannite","Cu\u003Csub>5.2\u003C\u002Fsub>Se\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>","CuSe",2.5,"5.99","6.12",5188,{"id":141,"name":142,"entrytype":9,"csystem":124,"ima_formula":143,"mindat_formula":143,"hmin":136,"hmax":136,"dmeas":37,"dcalc":144,"primary_image_id":145},4354,"Yarrowite","Cu\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.89",28479,[147],{"id":132,"name":133,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":134,"mindat_formula":135,"hmin":45,"hmax":136,"dmeas":137,"dcalc":138,"primary_image_id":139},[149],{"id":150,"txt":151,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":152},145740,"Mount Vesuvius, Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy","Italy",4566,[155,159,163,167,171,174,178,182,186,190,194,198,203,207,211,216,221,225,230,234,239,243,248,252,257,260,265,269,274,279,284,288,293,297,302],{"id":156,"year":157,"html":158,"doi":11},16106682,1815,"Freiesleben (1815) 3: 129 (as Blaues Kupferglas).",{"id":160,"year":161,"html":162,"doi":11},16106683,1817,"Breithaupt (1817) In: Hoffmann: 4b: 178 (as Kupferindig).",{"id":164,"year":165,"html":166,"doi":11},16106685,1826,"Vesuve (1826) Ann. Chim. Vol. XXXV, 105-111, Paris.",{"id":168,"year":169,"html":170,"doi":11},16106684,1827,"Covelli, N. (1827) Sur le Bisulfure de Cuivre qui se forme actuellement dans le",{"id":172,"year":169,"html":173,"doi":11},16106686,"Covelli., N. (1827) Über das gegenwärtig am Vesuv sich bildende Doppelt-Schwefelkupfer, Annalen der Physik und Chemie: 86: 494-498.",{"id":175,"year":176,"html":177,"doi":11},18530124,1830,"Beudant, François-Sulpice (1830) \u003Ci>Traité élémentaire de minéralogie. Deuxiéme Edition [Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy. Second Edition]\u003C\u002Fi> (2nd ed.) Vol. 1 - Tome Premier [Volume One]. Chez Verdière. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Ftraitlmentaired02unkngoog\u002Ftraitlmentaired02unkngoog.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":179,"year":180,"html":181,"doi":11},16106688,1911,"Rogers, A.F. (1911) A new synthesis and new occurrences of covellite. Columbia University School of Mines Quarterly: 32: 298-304.",{"id":183,"year":184,"html":185,"doi":11},16106689,1916,"Thompson, A.P. (1916). The occurrence of covellite at Butte, Montana (with discussions). Transactions of the American Institutetute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers: 52: 563-603.",{"id":187,"year":188,"html":189,"doi":11},16106690,1927,"Halferdahl, A.C. (1927) Thermal Decomposition of Covellite and Pyrite. Min. and Met.: 8: 468.",{"id":191,"year":192,"html":193,"doi":11},16106691,1929,"Roberts, H.S., Ksanda, C.J. (1929) The crystal structure of covellite. American Journal of Science: 102: 489-503.",{"id":195,"year":192,"html":196,"doi":197},234441,"Bateman, Alan Mara (1929) Some covellite-chalcocite relationships. \u003Ci>Economic Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  24 (4) 424-439 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.24.4.424'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.24.4.424\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.24.4.424",{"id":199,"year":200,"html":201,"doi":202},104712,1932,"Oftedal, Ivar (1932) Die Kristallstruktur des Covellins (CuS). \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  83 (1). 9-25 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1932.83.1.9'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1932.83.1.9\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1932.83.1.9",{"id":204,"year":200,"html":205,"doi":206},234248,"Bateman, Alan Mara, Lasky, Samuel Grossman (1932) Covellite-chalcocite soild solution and exsolution. \u003Ci>Economic Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  27 (1) 52-86 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.27.1.52'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.27.1.52\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.27.1.52",{"id":208,"year":209,"html":210,"doi":11},1118651,1944,"Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.",{"id":212,"year":213,"html":214,"doi":215},16596174,1969,"Ramdohr, Paul (1969) \u003Ci>The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths\u003C\u002Fi>. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x'>doi:10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fc2013-0-10027-x",{"id":217,"year":218,"html":219,"doi":220},154714,1972,"Rickard, D. T. (1972) Covellite formation in low temperature aqueous solutions. \u003Ci>Mineralium Deposita\u003C\u002Fi>,  7 (2) 180-188 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00207153'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00207153\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00207153",{"id":222,"year":218,"html":223,"doi":224},4118681,"Mathieu, H. J.; Rickert, H. (1972) Elektrochemisch-thermodynamische Untersuchungen am System Kupfer-Schwefel bei Temperaturen T= 15-90°C. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie\u003C\u002Fi>,  79 (5). 315-330 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzpch.1972.79.5_6.315'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzpch.1972.79.5_6.315\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzpch.1972.79.5_6.315",{"id":226,"year":227,"html":228,"doi":229},7741541,1975,"Kalbskopf, R., Pertlik, F., Zemann, J. (1975) Verfeinerung der Kristallstruktur des Covellins, CuS, mit Einkristalldaten. \u003Ci>TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen\u003C\u002Fi>, 22 (3). 242-249 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf01087843'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf01087843\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf01087843",{"id":231,"year":232,"html":233,"doi":11},526745,1976,"Evans, Howard T. Jr., Konnert, Judith A. (1976) Crystal structure refinement of covellite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  61 (9-10) 996-1000 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM61\u002FAM61_996.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":235,"year":236,"html":237,"doi":238},81542,1977,"OHMASA, Masaaki, SUZUKI, Masatoshi, TAKÉUCHI, Yoshio (1977) A refinement of the crystal structure of covellite, CuS. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Journal\u003C\u002Fi>,  8 (6) 311-319 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fminerj.8.311'>doi:10.2465\u002Fminerj.8.311\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fminerj.8.311",{"id":240,"year":236,"html":241,"doi":242},230210,"Potter II, R. W. (1977) An electrochemical investigation of the system copper-sulfur. \u003Ci>Economic Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  72 (8). 1524-1542 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.72.8.1524'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.72.8.1524\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.72.8.1524",{"id":244,"year":245,"html":246,"doi":247},16792323,1978,"Nakai, I., Sugitani, Y., Nagashima, K., Niwa, Y. (1978) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of copper minerals. \u003Ci>Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  40 (5) 789-791 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0022-1902(78)80152-3'>doi:10.1016\u002F0022-1902(78)80152-3\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0022-1902(78)80152-3",{"id":249,"year":250,"html":251,"doi":11},527646,1981,"Evans, Howard T. (1981) Copper coordination in low chalcocite and djurleite and other copper-rich sulfides. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  66 (7-8) 807-818 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM66\u002FAM66_807.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":253,"year":254,"html":255,"doi":256},110964,1985,"Takéuchi, Yoshio; Kudoh, Yasuhiro; Sato, Gen (1985) The crystal structure of covellite CuS under high pressure up to 33 \u003Ci>kbar\u003C\u002Fi>. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  173 (1-2). 119-128 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1985.173.1-2.119'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1985.173.1-2.119\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fzk\u002Fvol173\u002FZK173_119.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1985.173.1-2.119",{"id":258,"year":254,"html":259,"doi":11},16100684,"Goble, R.J. (1985) The relationship between crystal structure, bonding and cell dimensions in the copper sulfides. The Canadian Mineralogist: 23: 61-76. https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM23_61.pdf",{"id":261,"year":262,"html":263,"doi":264},111581,1988,"Fjellvåg, Helmer, Grønvold, Fredrik, Stølen, Svein, Andresen, Arne F., Müller-Käfer, Reinhold, Simon, Arndt (1988) Low-temperature structural distortion in CuS. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  184 (1) 111-121 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1988.184.1-2.111'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1988.184.1-2.111\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fzk\u002Fvol184\u002FZK184_111.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1988.184.1-2.111",{"id":266,"year":267,"html":268,"doi":11},16771789,1990,"Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (1990) \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.",{"id":270,"year":271,"html":272,"doi":273},16106703,1993,"Liang, W., Whangbo, M.-H. (1993) Conductivity anisotropy and structural phase transition in Covellite CuS. \u003Ci>Solid State Communications\u003C\u002Fi>,  85 (5). 405-408 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0038-1098(93)90689-k'>doi:10.1016\u002F0038-1098(93)90689-k\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0038-1098(93)90689-k",{"id":275,"year":276,"html":277,"doi":278},2023,1994,"Wang, Naiding (1994) The Cu-Bi-S system: results from low-temperature experiments. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  58 (391) 201-204 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1994.058.391.02'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1994.058.391.02\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_58\u002F58-391-201.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1994.058.391.02",{"id":280,"year":281,"html":282,"doi":283},2221202,1996,"Peiris, Suhithi M., Sweeney, Jeffrey S., Campbell, Andrew J., Heinz, Dion L. (1996) Pressure‐induced amorphization of covellite, CuS. \u003Ci>The Journal of Chemical Physics\u003C\u002Fi>, 104 (1). 11-16 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1063\u002F1.470870'>doi:10.1063\u002F1.470870\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1063\u002F1.470870",{"id":285,"year":286,"html":287,"doi":11},1118654,1997,"Gaines, Richard V.; Skinner, H. Catherine W.; Foord, Eugene E.; Mason, Brian; Rosenzweig, Abraham; King, Vandall T. (1997) \u003Ci>Dana's New Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (8th ed.). Wiley-Interscience. 1872 pp.",{"id":289,"year":290,"html":291,"doi":292},14277337,1998,"Schmidt, JA, Sagua, A.E, Lescano, G (1998) Electrochemical investigation of the equilibria (covellite + anilite) and (covellite + digenite) \u003Ci>The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics\u003C\u002Fi>, 30 (3) 283-290 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1006\u002Fjcht.1997.0287'>doi:10.1006\u002Fjcht.1997.0287\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1006\u002Fjcht.1997.0287",{"id":294,"year":295,"html":296,"doi":11},16963819,2005,"(2005) Covellite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fcovellite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":298,"year":299,"html":300,"doi":301},30561,2006,"Cook, Robert B. (2006) Connoisseur's Choice: Covellite, Summitville, Rio Grande County, Colorado. \u003Ci>Rocks & Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  81 (4) 296-300 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3200\u002Frmin.81.4.296-300'>doi:10.3200\u002Frmin.81.4.296-300\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3200\u002Frmin.81.4.296-300",{"id":303,"year":304,"html":305,"doi":306},16479612,2007,"Tezuka, Keitaro, Sheets, William C., Kurihara, Ryoko, Shan, Yue Jin, Imoto, Hideo, Marks, Tobin J., Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R. (2007) Synthesis of covellite (CuS) from the elements. \u003Ci>Solid State Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>, 9 (1) 95-99 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.solidstatesciences.2006.10.002'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.solidstatesciences.2006.10.002\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.solidstatesciences.2006.10.002",[308,315,321,326,336,343,352,360,368,376,384,394,402,411,417,427,434,441,448,455,462,468,473,480,485,495,504,513,522],{"id":309,"source_url":310,"license_code":311,"credit_html":312,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":313,"original_height":314},29544,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61800","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61800\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,749,{"id":316,"source_url":317,"license_code":318,"credit_html":319,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":313,"original_height":320},29545,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F112462","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F112462\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",666,{"id":322,"source_url":323,"license_code":311,"credit_html":324,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":313,"original_height":325},29546,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F179524","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F179524\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",750,{"id":327,"source_url":328,"license_code":329,"credit_html":330,"title":331,"description":332,"author":333,"original_width":334,"original_height":335},50954,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10153573","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10153573\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-181677.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covellite\">Covellite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Calabona Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlghero\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Alghero\">Alghero\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FProvince_of_Sassari\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Province of Sassari\">Sassari Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSardinia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sardinia\">Sardinia\u003C\u002Fa>, Italy (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2120.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.9 x 1.8 x 0.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Superb, iridescent blue, gold and brass-colored covellite plates comprise both sides of this sculptural and very attractive old-time specimen from the famous Calabona Mine on Sardinia. Classic material from this old copper mine and from the Frankie Dee Hosea Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",486,277,{"id":337,"source_url":338,"license_code":329,"credit_html":339,"title":340,"description":341,"author":333,"original_width":325,"original_height":342},50956,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164364","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164364\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-235221.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covellite\">Covellite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butte\">Butte\u003C\u002Fa>, Butte District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSilver_Bow_County,_Montana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Silver Bow County, Montana\">Silver Bow County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMontana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Montana\">Montana\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3873.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.9 x 3.5 x 2.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Iridescent, highly lustrous, peacock-blue and magenta covellite blades richly fill the well-placed vug atop quartz-rich sulfide matrix on this fine and classic old-time piece from the George Elling Collection. The tiny quartz and pyrite crystals are a nice accent. There is even covellite on the bottom of the piece.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",547,{"id":344,"source_url":345,"license_code":311,"credit_html":346,"title":347,"description":348,"author":349,"original_width":350,"original_height":351},6383,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877774","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877774\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-9018.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covellite\">Covellite\u003C\u002Fa>","Raimond Spekking",6681,4454,{"id":353,"source_url":354,"license_code":329,"credit_html":355,"title":356,"description":357,"author":333,"original_width":358,"original_height":359},50957,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168401","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168401\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-256935.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covellite\">Covellite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: East Colusa Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butte\">Butte\u003C\u002Fa>, Butte District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSilver_Bow_County,_Montana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Silver Bow County, Montana\">Silver Bow County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMontana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Montana\">Montana\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-6047.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.8 x 3.7 x 2.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A solid vein of iridescent magenta and blue covellite plates is perched on the wedge of quartz-rich matrix on this fine old-time specimen from the East Colusa Mine at Butte. Highly representative of the species and renowned locale.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",691,559,{"id":361,"source_url":362,"license_code":329,"credit_html":363,"title":364,"description":365,"author":333,"original_width":366,"original_height":367},50959,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10171083","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10171083\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-271631.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covellite\">Covellite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: East Colusa Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butte\">Butte\u003C\u002Fa>, Butte District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSilver_Bow_County,_Montana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Silver Bow County, Montana\">Silver Bow County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMontana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Montana\">Montana\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-6047.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.4 x 1.8 x 1.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Striking iridescent peacock-blue and golden-bronze, intergrown covellite plates form a fine old-time specimen from the East Colusa Mine at Butte. A highly representative example of the species and renowned locale.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,409,{"id":369,"source_url":370,"license_code":329,"credit_html":371,"title":372,"description":373,"author":333,"original_width":374,"original_height":375},50960,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10173580","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10173580\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-288982.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covellite\">Covellite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: East Colusa Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butte\">Butte\u003C\u002Fa>, Butte District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSilver_Bow_County,_Montana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Silver Bow County, Montana\">Silver Bow County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMontana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Montana\">Montana\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-6047.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.8 x 3.5 x 2.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine, 3-sided, Matterhorn-like peak of iridescent peacock-blue and magenta covellite from the famous East Colusa Mine at Butte nicely accented with pyrite microcrystals. Highly representative material. Old material.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",593,743,{"id":377,"source_url":378,"license_code":329,"credit_html":379,"title":380,"description":381,"author":333,"original_width":382,"original_height":383},50961,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10430281","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10430281\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-denv08-01c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covellite\">Covellite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Summitville District (Summit District), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRio_Grande_County,_Colorado\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rio Grande County, Colorado\">Rio Grande County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColorado\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colorado\">Colorado\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-47635.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7.3 x 5.9 x 4.1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Covellite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very rich and colorful specimen of covellite from Colorado. Along with Butte in Montana, and perhaps the ancient locality in Sardinia, these are the world's great covellite locales. The piece has crystals to over an inch, and very good 3-dimensional relief.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,287,{"id":385,"source_url":386,"license_code":387,"credit_html":388,"title":389,"description":390,"author":391,"original_width":392,"original_height":393},50965,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746508","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746508\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite (latest Cretaceous to earliest Tertiary, 62-66 Ma; Butte Mining District, Montana, USA) 3.jpg","Covellite hydrothermal vein sample from Montana, USA. (public display, Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Mineral Museum, Butte, Montana, USA)\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 5600 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The sulfide minerals contain one or more sulfide anions (S-2).  The sulfides are usually considered together with the arsenide minerals, the sulfarsenide minerals, and the telluride minerals.  Many sulfides are economically significant, as they occur commonly in ores.  The metals that combine with S-2 are mainly Fe, Cu, Ni, Ag, etc.  Most sulfides have a metallic luster, are moderately soft, and are noticeably heavy for their size.  These minerals will not form in the presence of free oxygen.  Under an oxygen-rich atmosphere, sulfide minerals tend to chemically weather to various oxide and hydroxide minerals.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Covellite is an attractive, deep metallic blue mineral having the formula CuS - copper sulfide.  It's principally a secondary sulfide mineral, formed by the breakdown of pre-existing copper-bearing sulfides, but also occurs in a massive or crystalline form as a primary mineral.  Covellite has a metallic luster, an intensely deep blue or purplish blue color, a dark gray streak, and is quite soft (H = 1.5 to 2).  Well-formed crystals are hexagonal plates with a somewhat micaceous appearance.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The covellite sample shown above is from Montana's Butte Mining District.  In this area, covellite occurs in 62 to 66 million year old copper sulfide-rich hydrothermal veins that intrude the Butte Quartz Monzonite, a pluton of the Boulder Batholith (mid-Campanian Stage, late Late Cretaceous, 76 million years).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Butte Mining District, Silver Bow County, southwestern Montana, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of covellite:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=1144","James St. John",2020,2017,{"id":395,"source_url":396,"license_code":387,"credit_html":397,"title":398,"description":399,"author":391,"original_width":400,"original_height":401},50966,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97565078","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97565078\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite (latest Cretaceous to earliest Tertiary, 62-66 Ma; Leonard Mine, Butte, Montana, USA) 13.jpg","Covellite hydrothermal vein sample from Montana, USA.\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 5600 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The sulfide minerals contain one or more sulfide anions (S-2).  The sulfides are usually considered together with the arsenide minerals, the sulfarsenide minerals, and the telluride minerals.  Many sulfides are economically significant, as they occur commonly in ores.  The metals that combine with S-2 are mainly Fe, Cu, Ni, Ag, etc.  Most sulfides have a metallic luster, are moderately soft, and are noticeably heavy for their size.  These minerals will not form in the presence of free oxygen.  Under an oxygen-rich atmosphere, sulfide minerals tend to chemically weather to various oxide and hydroxide minerals.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Covellite is an attractive, deep metallic blue mineral having the formula CuS - copper sulfide.  It's principally a secondary sulfide mineral, formed by the breakdown of pre-existing copper-bearing sulfides, but also occurs in a massive or crystalline form as a primary mineral.  Covellite has a metallic luster, an intensely deep blue or purplish blue color, a dark gray streak, and is soft (H = 1.5 to 2).  Well-formed crystals are hexagonal plates with a micaceous appearance.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The covellite sample seen here is from Montana's Butte Mining District.  In this area, covellite occurs in 62 to 66 million year old copper sulfide-rich hydrothermal veins that intrude the Butte Quartz Monzonite, a pluton of the Boulder Batholith (mid-Campanian Stage, late Late Cretaceous, 76 million years).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Leonard Mine, Butte Mining District, Silver Bow County, southwestern Montana, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of covellite:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=1144",1453,1090,{"id":403,"source_url":404,"license_code":311,"credit_html":405,"title":406,"description":407,"author":408,"original_width":409,"original_height":410},50967,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113749596","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113749596\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 512 - Covellite (États-Unis).jpg","Covellite, en provenance des États-Unis, au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",4272,2848,{"id":412,"source_url":413,"license_code":311,"credit_html":414,"title":415,"description":348,"author":349,"original_width":416,"original_height":416},50968,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877704","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877704\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-9015.jpg",3642,{"id":418,"source_url":419,"license_code":420,"credit_html":421,"title":422,"description":423,"author":424,"original_width":425,"original_height":426},4570,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9662699","CC BY 3.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9662699\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-USA.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covellite\">Covellite\u003C\u002Fa> \n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Leonard Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butte\">Butte\u003C\u002Fa>, Butte District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSilver_Bow_County,_Montana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Silver Bow County, Montana\">Silver Bow County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMontana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Montana\">Montana\u003C\u002Fa>, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size : 7.5x5x4cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",3676,2580,{"id":428,"source_url":429,"license_code":329,"credit_html":430,"title":431,"description":432,"author":333,"original_width":433,"original_height":366},4571,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167806","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167806\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-252597.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covellite\">Covellite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: East Colusa Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButte,_Montana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butte, Montana\">Butte\u003C\u002Fa>, Butte District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSilver_Bow_County,_Montana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Silver Bow County, Montana\">Silver Bow County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMontana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Montana\">Montana\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-6047.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.4 x 2.7 x 1.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Classic, old-time Butte covellite. Shimmering, iridescent, peacock-purple covellite blades on starkly contrasting pyrite matrix make for a superb, two-sided specimen from the East Colusa Mine. Ex. Jaime Bird Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",491,{"id":435,"source_url":436,"license_code":311,"credit_html":437,"title":438,"description":348,"author":349,"original_width":439,"original_height":440},4572,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877693","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877693\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-9013.jpg",5600,4200,{"id":442,"source_url":443,"license_code":311,"credit_html":444,"title":445,"description":348,"author":349,"original_width":446,"original_height":447},4573,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877697","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877697\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-9014.jpg",4737,3553,{"id":449,"source_url":450,"license_code":329,"credit_html":451,"title":452,"description":453,"author":333,"original_width":334,"original_height":454},50955,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161811","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161811\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-Chalcopyrite-217394.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covellite\">Covellite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChalcopyrite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chalcopyrite\">Chalcopyrite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butte\">Butte\u003C\u002Fa>, Butte District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSilver_Bow_County,_Montana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Silver Bow County, Montana\">Silver Bow County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMontana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Montana\">Montana\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3873.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.0 x 2.5 x 2.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A classic, very rich Butte specimen with superb, iridescent violet and magenta covellite blades projecting upward from the end of the elongated matrix. The covellite blades are beautifully complimented by a bright, brass-yellow chalcopyrite crystals on the quartz-rich matrix. The covellite blades are in remarkable condition. Excellent, old-time material.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",699,{"id":456,"source_url":457,"license_code":311,"credit_html":458,"title":459,"description":348,"author":349,"original_width":460,"original_height":461},4574,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877708","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877708\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-9016.jpg",4535,3401,{"id":463,"source_url":464,"license_code":311,"credit_html":465,"title":466,"description":348,"author":349,"original_width":467,"original_height":467},4575,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877711","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877711\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-9017.jpg",3363,{"id":469,"source_url":470,"license_code":311,"credit_html":471,"title":472,"description":348,"author":349,"original_width":350,"original_height":351},4577,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877797","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877797\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-9020.jpg",{"id":474,"source_url":475,"license_code":329,"credit_html":476,"title":477,"description":478,"author":333,"original_width":366,"original_height":479},50958,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169373","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169373\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-Pyrite-261631.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covellite\">Covellite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPyrite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pyrite\">Pyrite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: East Colusa Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FButte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Butte\">Butte\u003C\u002Fa>, Butte District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSilver_Bow_County,_Montana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Silver Bow County, Montana\">Silver Bow County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMontana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Montana\">Montana\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-6047.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.9 x 3.9 x 2.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A sharp and jagged \"mountain\" of iridescent peacock-blue and magenta covellite plates is perched on the sparkly, brassy, pyrite microcrystal-rich matrix on this fine old-time specimen from the East Colusa Mine at Butte. A highly representative example of the species and renowned locale.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",533,{"id":481,"source_url":482,"license_code":311,"credit_html":483,"title":484,"description":348,"author":349,"original_width":350,"original_height":351},4576,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877787","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129877787\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite-9019.jpg",{"id":486,"source_url":487,"license_code":488,"credit_html":489,"title":490,"description":491,"author":492,"original_width":493,"original_height":494},12105,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163481750","CC0 1.0","Darla Sondrol, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163481750\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellite, idaite and pyrite (GeoDIL number - 1106).jpg","This specimen, 11 cm across, contains primarily (metallic indigo color) covellite (copper sulfide, CuS), (dark coppery brown-black color) idaite (copper iron sulfide, Cu5FeS6), and (gold color) pyrite (iron sulfide, FeS2). Covellite may be bright metallic indigo when fresh, but it quickly tarnishes and darkens when exposed to air. Spectacular samples show irredescence between various shades of violet, blue, yellow and red. In this specimen the covellite is mixed with the dark colored idaite; the two minerals are hard to distinguish from each other. This is a sample of copper ore from the well known mining district at Butte, Montana.","Darla Sondrol",2734,1758,{"id":496,"source_url":497,"license_code":311,"credit_html":498,"title":499,"description":500,"author":501,"original_width":502,"original_height":503},50319,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163026828","Lodewicus de Honsvels, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163026828\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Covellin-Engarit-Colusit.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covellite\">Covellite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEnargite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Enargite\">Enargite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FColusite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Colusite\">Colusite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Weight: 575.2 g\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Tilva Mike Mine, Bor, Serbia\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Lodewicus de Honsvels",6792,4432,{"id":505,"source_url":506,"license_code":311,"credit_html":507,"title":508,"description":509,"author":510,"original_width":511,"original_height":512},75059,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162524627","Didym, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162524627\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Posnjakit, Chalkopyrit, Covellin 28341.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPosnjakite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Posnjakite\">Posnjakite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChalcopyrite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chalcopyrite\">Chalcopyrite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covellite\">Covellite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDashkasan_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Dashkasan District\">Dashkasan\u003C\u002Fa>, Azerbaijan\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didym",6254,4135,{"id":514,"source_url":515,"license_code":329,"credit_html":516,"title":517,"description":518,"author":519,"original_width":520,"original_height":521},75060,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162679974","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162679974\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Posnjakit, Chalkopyrit, Covellin-Dashkesan, Aserbeidschan 1.JPG","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPosnjakite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Posnjakite\">Posnjakite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChalcopyrite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chalcopyrite\">Chalcopyrite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covellite\">Covellite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Dashkesan, Azerbaijan\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","HolDu",5184,3888,{"id":523,"source_url":524,"license_code":329,"credit_html":525,"title":526,"description":518,"author":519,"original_width":527,"original_height":528},75061,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162680332","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162680332\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Posnjakit, Chalkopyrit, Covellin-Dashkesan, Aserbeidschan 2.JPG",4328,3064,[530,536,541,545,549],{"id":531,"url":532,"label":533,"formula":534,"spacegroup":535,"year":262},3281,"\u002Fcif\u002F3281.cif","Fjellvag 1988 · Cu S (1)","Cu S","P 63\u002Fm m c",{"id":537,"url":538,"label":539,"formula":534,"spacegroup":540,"year":262},3283,"\u002Fcif\u002F3283.cif","Fjellvag 1988 · Cu S (2)","C m c m",{"id":542,"url":543,"label":544,"formula":534,"spacegroup":535,"year":254},3284,"\u002Fcif\u002F3284.cif","Takeuchi 1985",{"id":546,"url":547,"label":548,"formula":534,"spacegroup":535,"year":236},3289,"\u002Fcif\u002F3289.cif","Ohmasa 1977",{"id":550,"url":551,"label":552,"formula":534,"spacegroup":535,"year":232},3290,"\u002Fcif\u002F3290.cif","Evans 1976",[554,555,556,557,558,559,560,561,562,563,564,565,566,567],"Blaues Kupferglas","Blue Copper","Breithauptite (of Chapman)","Copper Indigo","Covelita","Covelline","Covellinit","Covellinita","Covellinite","Covellonit","Covellonita","Covellonite","Indigo Copper","Kupferindig",[569,573,578,582,586,591,596,600,605,610,615,620,625,629,634,640,645,649,654,658,661,666,670,673,677,680,685,688,691,695,700,704,708,712,716,720,724,727,730,734,738,741,744,747,750],{"lang":570,"names":571},"af",[572],"Kovelliet",{"lang":574,"names":575},"ar",[576,577],"كوفيلليت","كوفيليت",{"lang":579,"names":580},"az",[581],"Kovellin",{"lang":583,"names":584},"be",[585],"Кавелін",{"lang":587,"names":588},"be-tarask",[589,590],"кавэлін","кавэліт",{"lang":592,"names":593},"ca",[594,595],"covel·lita","covellita",{"lang":597,"names":598},"cs",[599],"covellin",{"lang":601,"names":602},"de",[554,603,560,604,563,567],"Covellin","Covellit",{"lang":606,"names":607},"el",[608,609],"Κοβελλίνης","Κοβελλίτης",{"lang":611,"names":612},"es",[613,558,614],"Covelina","Covellina",{"lang":616,"names":617},"et",[618,619],"kovelliin","kovelliit",{"lang":621,"names":622},"eu",[623,624],"covellina","Covellita",{"lang":626,"names":627},"fa",[628],"کوولین",{"lang":630,"names":631},"fi",[632,633],"kovelliini","kovelliitti",{"lang":635,"names":636},"fr",[637,638,559,562,639,565],"Cantonite","Coveline","covellite",{"lang":641,"names":642},"hu",[643,644],"kovellin","kovellit",{"lang":646,"names":647},"hy",[648],"Կովելին",{"lang":650,"names":651},"id",[652,653],"kovalit","Kovelit",{"lang":655,"names":656},"is",[657],"Covellít",{"lang":659,"names":660},"it",[639],{"lang":662,"names":663},"ja",[664,665],"コベリン","銅藍",{"lang":667,"names":668},"kk",[669],"Ковеллин",{"lang":671,"names":672},"ky",[669],{"lang":674,"names":675},"mk",[676],"Ковелит",{"lang":678,"names":679},"nb",[599],{"lang":681,"names":682},"nl",[683,684],"covellien","covelliet",{"lang":686,"names":687},"nn",[599],{"lang":689,"names":690},"oc",[614],{"lang":692,"names":693},"pl",[694],"kowelin",{"lang":696,"names":697},"ro",[698,699],"covelină","covelit",{"lang":701,"names":702},"ru",[669,703],"Ковеллит",{"lang":705,"names":706},"sk",[707,604],"Covellín",{"lang":709,"names":710},"sl",[711],"Kovelin",{"lang":713,"names":714},"sr",[715],"ковелин",{"lang":717,"names":718},"sv",[719],"Kopparindigo",{"lang":721,"names":722},"uk",[723],"Ковелін",{"lang":725,"names":726},"uz",[581],{"lang":728,"names":729},"vi",[604],{"lang":731,"names":732},"zh",[665,733],"靛铜矿",{"lang":735,"names":736},"zh-cn",[737],"铜蓝",{"lang":739,"names":740},"zh-hans",[737],{"lang":742,"names":743},"zh-hant",[665],{"lang":745,"names":746},"zh-hk",[665],{"lang":748,"names":749},"zh-sg",[737],{"lang":751,"names":752},"zh-tw",[665],"Q325345",{"history":755,"applications":759},{"markdown":756,"model_version":757,"prompt_version":758,"reviewed_at":11},"The mineral's name carries the memory of a volcano. The first specimens of **covellite** came out of Mount Vesuvius, and the indigo crystals were studied there by an Italian who never lived to see them carry his name[1].\n\nNicola Covelli (1790–1829) was a professor of botany and chemistry, but his real preoccupation was geology — and above all the eruptions of Vesuvius[2]. He worked through the volcano's lava, picking out unfamiliar minerals as he went. Several new species turned up in those studies. Covellite was one of them[2].\n\nThe formal naming came three years after Covelli's death. In 1832, the French mineralogist François Sulpice Beudant published the name in honor of his late Italian colleague[3]. By convention of the time, Beudant used Covelli's surname with the *-ite* suffix that nineteenth-century mineralogy was making standard. The type locality stayed Vesuvius, where the original crystals had been picked out of fumarolic deposits — the encrusted vents through which a volcano breathes out gas[1].","claude-opus-4-7","1.0.0",{"markdown":760,"model_version":757,"prompt_version":758,"reviewed_at":11},"Covellite is mined as a copper ore — sometimes as a major one, more often as a lesser contributor alongside the other copper sulfides it travels with[1]. Its industrial weight depends on where it sits in a deposit. The mineral is typically a secondary phase, formed in zones of **supergene enrichment** — the near-surface reworking of primary copper sulfides by descending oxygen-rich water[2]. In that process, copper is leached from rock above and re-deposited as a richer blanket below. The blanket commonly coats earlier sulfides — chalcocite, chalcopyrite, bornite, enargite, pyrite[3]. The covellite goes into the smelter with them, rather than as a stand-alone target.\n\nOutside the mine, covellite is studied for a clutch of physical properties that have little to do with copper supply. It is a [superconductor](\u002Fglossary\u002Fsuperconductor) — a material that conducts electricity with no resistance — below a critical temperature of 1.6 K, close to absolute zero[4]. It is also a fast electrical conductor at room temperature, at 10×10⁻³ siemens per centimetre[5]. That conductivity has drawn battery researchers, who are testing covellite as a lithium-ion electrode with a theoretical capacity of 560 milliampere-hours per gram[5].\n\nA third line of research uses covellite at the nanoscale. Particles a few tens of nanometres across show **localized surface plasmon resonances** — collective oscillations of the particle's free electrons in response to light[6]. The band gap that controls those resonances shifts with how the copper-to-sulfur ratio is tuned during synthesis[6]. That tunability is what makes covellite nanoplatelets and nanocrystals attractive to the optics and photonics laboratories now exploring them[6].\n\nBeyond all of that, covellite has a steady demand it has never lost. Its indigo-blue colour, often broken across the crystal face into brassy and red iridescence, makes it sought after by mineral collectors[7]."]