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O. (1941) Dravite-bearing rocks from Dinas Head, Cornwall. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  26 (174) 81-93 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1941.026.174.02'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1941.026.174.02\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_26\u002F26-174-81.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1941.026.174.02",{"id":355,"year":356,"html":357,"doi":11},16107935,1964,"Barsanov, G.P., Yakovleva, M.E. (1964) Tourmalines of dravite composition. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Mineralogicheshkii Muzei, Moscow: 15: 39-80.",{"id":359,"year":360,"html":361,"doi":11},17093603,1969,"Manning, P. G. (1969) An optical absorption study of the origin of colour and pleochroism in pink and brown tourmalines. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  9 (5) 678-690 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM9_678.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":363,"year":364,"html":365,"doi":366},2796,1977,"Dunn, Pete J. (1977) Chromium in dravite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  41 (319) 408-410 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1977.041.319.21'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1977.041.319.21\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_41\u002F41-319-408.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1977.041.319.21",{"id":368,"year":369,"html":370,"doi":11},16107938,1981,"Povondra, P. (1981) The crystal chemistry of tourmalines of the schorl-dravite series. Acta Univ. Carol., Geol. 3: 223-264.",{"id":372,"year":373,"html":374,"doi":11},16107939,1992,"Foit, F.F., Jr. (1992) X-ray and optical data for a vanadium-rich dravite from Silver Knob, Mariposa County, California, U.S.A. Powder Diffraction 7: 236-238.",{"id":376,"year":377,"html":378,"doi":11},529438,1993,"Hawthorne, Frank C., Macdonald, Daniel J., Burns, Peter C. (1993) Reassignment of cation site occupancies in tourmaline: Al-Mg disorder in the crystal structure of dravite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  78 (3-4) 265-270 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM78\u002FAM78_265.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":380,"year":381,"html":382,"doi":11},15418311,1996,"Grew, Edward S.; Anovitz, Lawrence M. - \u003Ci>Eds.\u003C\u002Fi> (1996) Boron - Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. \u003Ci>Reviews in Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 33. Mineralogical Society of America p.862",{"id":384,"year":385,"html":386,"doi":11},16107941,1998,"Novák, M. (1998) Blue dravite as an indicator of fluid composition during subsolidus replacement processes in Li-poor granitic pegmatites in the Modanubicum, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 43: 24-30.",{"id":388,"year":389,"html":390,"doi":391},394001,1999,"Bloodaxe, Erich S., Hughes, John M., Dyar, M. Darby, Grew, Edward S., Guidotti, Charles V. (1999) Linking structure and chemistry in the schorl-dravite series. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  84 (5) 922-928 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-1999-5-627'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-1999-5-627\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol84\u002FAM84_922.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-1999-5-627",{"id":393,"year":394,"html":395,"doi":11},16107943,2001,"Ertl, A., Pertlik, F., Bernhardt, H.-J. (2001) Ein hell-blauer Olenit-Schörl-Dravit Mischkristall von Ebersdorf, Niederösterreich: Strukturanalyse und Chemie. Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges.: 146: 75-77. (in German)",{"id":397,"year":394,"html":398,"doi":11},16964028,"(2001) Dravite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fdravite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":400,"year":401,"html":402,"doi":403},128339,2004,"Bosi, Ferdinando, Lucchesi, Sergio (2004) Crystal chemistry of the schorl-dravite series. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  16 (2) 335-344 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2004\u002F0016-0335'>doi:10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2004\u002F0016-0335\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2004\u002F0016-0335",{"id":405,"year":401,"html":406,"doi":407},128389,"Marschall, Horst R., Ertl, Andreas, Hughes, John M., McCammon, Catherine (2004) Metamorphic Na- and OH-rich disordered dravite with tetrahedral boron, associated with omphacite, from Syros, Greece: chemistry and structure. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  16 (5) 817-823 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2004\u002F0016-0817'>doi:10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2004\u002F0016-0817\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2004\u002F0016-0817",{"id":409,"year":410,"html":411,"doi":11},16107946,2007,"Ertl, A. (2007) Über die Typlokalität und die Nomenklatur des Minerals Dravit. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 153, 265-271. [http:\u002F\u002Fwww.uibk.ac.at\u002Fmineralogie\u002Foemg\u002Fbd_153\u002F153_265-271x.pdf]",{"id":413,"year":414,"html":415,"doi":416},16974,2010,"Ertl, Andreas, Mali, Heinrich, Schuster, Ralf, Körner, Wilfried, Hughes, John M., Brandstätter, Franz, Tillmanns, Ekkehart (2010) Li-bearing, disordered Mg-rich tourmaline from a pegmatite-marble contact in the Austroalpine basement units (Styria, Austria) \u003Ci>Mineralogy and Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  99 (1) 89-104 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00710-009-0082-1'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00710-009-0082-1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00710-009-0082-1",{"id":418,"year":419,"html":420,"doi":421},64858,2011,"Hughes, John M., Rakovan, John, Ertl, Andreas, Rossman, George R., Baksheev, Ivan, Bernhardt, Heinz-Jürgen (2011) Dissymmetrization in tourmaline: the atomic arrangement of sectorally zoned triclinic Ni-bearing dravite, in \u003Ci>Tourmaline: An ideal indicator of its host environment\u003C\u002Fi>. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  49 (1) 29-40 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.49.1.29'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.49.1.29\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.49.1.29",{"id":423,"year":424,"html":425,"doi":426},65031,2012,"Bačík, P., Uher, P., Ertl, A., Jonsson, E., Nysten, P., Kanický, V., Vaculovič, T. (2012) Zoned REE-Enriched Dravite from a Granitic Pegmatite in Forshammar Bergslagen Province, Sweden an EMPA XRD and LA-ICP-MS Study. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  50 (4) 825-841 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.50.4.825'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.50.4.825\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM50_825.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.50.4.825",{"id":428,"year":429,"html":430,"doi":431},153909,2014,"Fantini, C., Tavares, M. C., Krambrock, K., Moreira, R. L., Righi, A. (2014) Raman and infrared study of hydroxyl sites in natural uvite, fluor-uvite, magnesio-foitite, dravite and elbaite tourmalines. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  41 (4) 247-254 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-013-0642-0'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-013-0642-0\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-013-0642-0",{"id":433,"year":434,"html":435,"doi":11},17093585,2015,"Bačík, P. (2015) Cation ordering at octahedral sites in schorl-dravite series tourmalines. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (3) 571-590",{"id":437,"year":434,"html":438,"doi":439},154025,"Taran, Michail N., Dyar, M. Darby, Naumenko, Ievgen V., Vyshnevsky, Olexij A. (2015) Spectroscopy of red dravite from northern Tanzania. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  42 (7) 559-568 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-015-0743-z'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-015-0743-z\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-015-0743-z",{"id":441,"year":442,"html":443,"doi":444},154063,2016,"Berryman, E. J., Wunder, B., Ertl, A., Koch-Müller, M., Rhede, D., Scheidl, K., Giester, G., Heinrich, W. (2016) Influence of the X-site composition on tourmaline’s crystal structure: investigation of synthetic K-dravite, dravite, oxy-uvite, and magnesio-foitite using SREF and Raman spectroscopy. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  43 (2) 83-102 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-015-0776-3'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-015-0776-3\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-015-0776-3",{"id":446,"year":442,"html":447,"doi":448},154095,"Bosi, Ferdinando, Skogby, Henrik, Balić-Žunić, Tonči (2016) Thermal stability of extended clusters in dravite: a combined EMP, SREF and FTIR study. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  43 (6) 395-407 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-016-0804-y'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-016-0804-y\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-016-0804-y",{"id":450,"year":442,"html":451,"doi":452},244802,"Taran, Michail N., Naumenko, Ievgen V. (2016) Usambara effect in tourmaline: optical spectroscopy and colourimetric studies. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  80 (5) 705-717 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.2016.080.016'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.2016.080.016\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.2016.080.016",{"id":454,"year":455,"html":456,"doi":11},17093588,2017,"Rossman, G. R. (2017) Coloration of green dravite from the Commander Mine, Tanzania. \u003Ci>The Journal of Gemmology\u003C\u002Fi>,  35 (7) 574-575 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fgem-a.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2023\u002F11\u002Fvolume35_issue7_2017.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":458,"year":459,"html":460,"doi":461},17068366,2022,"Fuchs, Yves, Fourdrin, Chloé, Balan, Etienne (2022) Theoretical OH stretching vibrations in dravite. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  34 (2) 239-251 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5194\u002Fejm-34-239-2022'>doi:10.5194\u002Fejm-34-239-2022\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fejm.copernicus.org\u002Farticles\u002F34\u002F239\u002F2022\u002Fejm-34-239-2022.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.5194\u002Fejm-34-239-2022",{"id":463,"year":464,"html":465,"doi":466},17194804,2024,"Pasetti, Lorenzo, Fornasini, Laura, Mantovani, Luciana, Andò, Sergio, Raneri, Simona, Palleschi, Vincenzo, Bersani, Danilo (2024) Study of Mg–Fe content in tourmalines from the dravite–schorl series by Raman spectroscopy. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>,  55 (2) 276-286 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.6645'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.6645\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fanalyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fepdf\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.6645' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.6645",[468,475,485,495,505,512,521],{"id":469,"source_url":470,"license_code":471,"credit_html":472,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":473,"original_height":474},29624,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F179529","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F179529\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,750,{"id":476,"source_url":477,"license_code":478,"credit_html":479,"title":480,"description":481,"author":482,"original_width":483,"original_height":484},7392,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1761742","Public domain","Vassil, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1761742\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Dravite cristal.jpg","Cristal de \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDravite\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Dravite\">dravite\u003C\u002Fa>","Vassil",685,787,{"id":486,"source_url":487,"license_code":488,"credit_html":489,"title":490,"description":491,"author":492,"original_width":493,"original_height":494},52674,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146447201","CC BY 4.0","Kaethe17, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146447201\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Turmalin-dravit-wikimuc-mineralaktion24-02.jpg","Turmalin, Dravit, 49,99 g. Fundort: Richeville, New Jersey, USA","Kaethe17",4768,3178,{"id":496,"source_url":497,"license_code":498,"credit_html":499,"title":500,"description":501,"author":502,"original_width":503,"original_height":504},5634,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139283","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139283\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Dravite-118599.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Dravite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Merelani Hills (Mererani), Lelatema Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArusha_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arusha Region\">Arusha Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Tanzania (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5699.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.3 x 1.2 x 0.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>These bright green tourmalines are exceedingly rare and sought-after by collectors and gem cutters - definitely amongst the very most valuable tourmalines on earth. They get their unique color from a trace of vanadium, with perhaps a small amount of chromium (see Vol. 40, No. 5 of the September-October 2009 Mineralogical Record). This relatively large crystal is complete all around and terminated, with bright green color, particularly towards the top and fine gemminess. It weighs 8 grams.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",529,600,{"id":506,"source_url":507,"license_code":498,"credit_html":508,"title":509,"description":510,"author":502,"original_width":511,"original_height":504},5635,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149841","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149841\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Dravite-170700.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Dravite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Merelani Hills (Mererani), Lelatema Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArusha_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arusha Region\">Arusha Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Tanzania (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5699.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.4 x 1.3 x 1.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>These green tourmalines from the Merelani Mine, which get their bright green color from trace amounts of vanadium, possibly with a small amount of chromium (see Vol. 40, Number 5 - September-OCtober 2009 Mineralogical Record), are rare, and highly sought-after by collectors due to their amazing color. This one is complete all around, terminated, and has good luster.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",435,{"id":513,"source_url":514,"license_code":488,"credit_html":515,"title":516,"description":517,"author":518,"original_width":519,"original_height":520},7398,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181778426","AdamStejskal, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181778426\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tourmaline - schorl x dravite Pikarec Czech Republic.jpg","Tourmaline - schorl x dravite Pikarec Czech Republic nice specimens with nice fully terminated tops","AdamStejskal",6960,4640,{"id":291,"source_url":522,"license_code":488,"credit_html":523,"title":524,"description":525,"author":526,"original_width":527,"original_height":528},"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181855812","David Hospital, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181855812\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Oxy-vanadium-dravite.jpg","Nice specimen of oxy-vanadium-dravite from Uzbekistan. Ex Vandenbroucke Museum collection from Waregem, Belgium.","David Hospital",756,545,[530,536,541,546,551],{"id":531,"url":532,"label":533,"formula":534,"spacegroup":535,"year":429},3926,"\u002Fcif\u002F3926.cif","Vereshchagin 2014 · Ca.06 Na.64 Al5.7 Cr.72 Fe.18 Mg2.52 Si5.88 B3 O31 H3.96","Ca.06 Na.64 Al5.7 Cr.72 Fe.18 Mg2.52 Si5.88 B3 O31 H3.96","R 3 m",{"id":537,"url":538,"label":539,"formula":540,"spacegroup":535,"year":429},3927,"\u002Fcif\u002F3927.cif","Vereshchagin 2014 · Ca.02 Na.76 K.01 Al5.91 Cr.72 Fe.09 Mg2.34 Si5.94 B3 O31 H3.68","Ca.02 Na.76 K.01 Al5.91 Cr.72 Fe.09 Mg2.34 Si5.94 B3 O31 H3.68",{"id":542,"url":543,"label":544,"formula":545,"spacegroup":535,"year":429},3928,"\u002Fcif\u002F3928.cif","Vereshchagin 2014 · Ca.13 Na.63 (Al5.85 Cr.81 Fe.09 Mg2.25) Si6 B3 O31 H3.4","Ca.13 Na.63 (Al5.85 Cr.81 Fe.09 Mg2.25) Si6 B3 O31 H3.4",{"id":547,"url":548,"label":549,"formula":550,"spacegroup":535,"year":429},3929,"\u002Fcif\u002F3929.cif","Vereshchagin 2014 · Ca.41 Na.43 Al6.15 Cr.18 Mg2.79 Si5.88 B3 O31 H3.56","Ca.41 Na.43 Al6.15 Cr.18 Mg2.79 Si5.88 B3 O31 H3.56",{"id":552,"url":553,"label":554,"formula":555,"spacegroup":535,"year":424},3930,"\u002Fcif\u002F3930.cif","Bacik 2012","Na.711 Ca.05 K.01 (Fe.231 Mg2.769) Al6 Si6 B3 O30.962 F.038 H3.42",[557,558,559,560,561,562,563,564],"Coronit","Coronita","Coronite (of Hunt)","Gouvernerit","Gouverneurit","Gouverneurita","Gouverneurite","Mg-Turmalin",[566,570,574,578,582,586,589,593,596,599,602,606,610,613,616,619],{"lang":567,"names":568},"ca",[569],"dravita",{"lang":571,"names":572},"cs",[573],"dravit",{"lang":575,"names":576},"de",[577],"Dravit",{"lang":579,"names":580},"es",[581],"Dravita",{"lang":583,"names":584},"et",[585],"draviit",{"lang":587,"names":588},"eu",[581],{"lang":590,"names":591},"fa",[592],"دراویت",{"lang":594,"names":595},"fr",[7],{"lang":597,"names":598},"hr",[577],{"lang":600,"names":601},"it",[7],{"lang":603,"names":604},"nl",[605],"Draviet",{"lang":607,"names":608},"pl",[609],"Drawit",{"lang":611,"names":612},"sk",[577],{"lang":614,"names":615},"sl",[577],{"lang":617,"names":618},"sv",[577],{"lang":620,"names":621},"uk",[622],"Дравіт","Q2482759",{"history":625,"applications":629},{"markdown":626,"model_version":627,"prompt_version":628,"reviewed_at":11},"Dravite carries a river in its name. In 1883 the Austrian mineralogist Gustav Tschermak named the brown tourmaline[1]. He was a professor of mineralogy at the University of Vienna. He named the stone for the Drava river district, the stretch of country along that river in what was then Austria-Hungary[1]. The river runs under several names: *Drau* in German, *Drave* in Latin[2]. Tschermak took the Latin form.\n\nThe type locality — the spot whose specimens define the species — sits on that river at Dobrova, near the town of Dravograd[3]. That ground belonged to Austria-Hungary when the name was coined. Today it lies inside the Republic of Slovenia[3].\n\nBeyond its naming, little human history attaches to dravite on its own. It is one end-member of the tourmaline group — the sodium- and magnesium-rich variant, usually brown — and the wider tourmaline story of gem-cutting and ornament belongs to the group, not to this single member[4].","claude-opus-4-8","1.7.0",{"markdown":630,"model_version":627,"prompt_version":628,"reviewed_at":11},"Dravite is a stone for collectors and jewellers more than for industry. Its brown-to-black crystals are cut as a gemstone and set in jewellery[1]. Lapidaries — the craftworkers who shape and polish stone — also carve and engrave it, or work it into cabochons, the smooth domed cut with no facets[2]. Mineral collectors prize the crystals in their own right, for the sharp geometry of the tourmaline form[3].\n\nOne variety stands well above the rest in the gem trade. Chrome dravite is a chromium-bearing green form, sometimes carrying vanadium too[4]. Its rich forest-green colour comes from the same chromium that reddens ruby and greens emerald[4]. It is treated as a collector's gem chiefly because it is so rarely found. The stones are almost never large: most cut chrome dravite weighs under a single carat[5]. The main source is Tanzania, with further finds in Myanmar, Kenya, China and Brazil[5].\n\nNo industrial use is recorded for dravite. Tourmaline as a group is sometimes known for piezoelectric and pyroelectric behaviour — producing a small electric charge under pressure or heat. That property is exploited in the clear gem material of the group, not in this brown member."]