[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1364":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":25,"key_elements":26,"impurities":27,"cim":28,"ima_status":29,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":32,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":33,"strunz10ed1":34,"strunz10ed2":35,"strunz10ed3":36,"strunz10ed4":37,"dana8ed1":38,"dana8ed2":39,"dana8ed3":40,"dana8ed4":41,"csystem":42,"cclass":43,"spacegroup":44,"spacegroupset":45,"a":46,"b":45,"c":47,"alpha":45,"beta":45,"gamma":45,"aerror":48,"berror":11,"cerror":49,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":50,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":51,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":52,"tlform":11,"hmin":53,"hmax":53,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":45,"vhnmax":45,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":54,"dmeas2":55,"dcalc":56,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":57,"lustretype":58,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":59,"streak":60,"colour":61,"commentcolor":62,"colors":63,"streak_colors":72,"luminescence":73,"uv":74,"cleavage":75,"cleavagetype":76,"fracturetype":77,"tenacity":78,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":79,"opticalsign":80,"opticalalpha":45,"opticalalpha2":45,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":45,"opticalbeta2":45,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":45,"opticalgamma2":45,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":81,"opticalomega2":82,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":83,"opticalepsilon2":84,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":45,"opticaln2":45,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":45,"optical2vcalc2":45,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":45,"optical2vmeasured2":45,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":85,"rimax":86,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":87,"opticalpleochorismdesc":88,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":89,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":90,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":91,"type_specimen_store":92,"description_short":93,"aboutname":94,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":95,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":96,"group_members":108,"associates":352,"confused_with":388,"type_localities":389,"occurrence_total":396,"citations":397,"images":495,"structures":955,"synonyms":984,"language_names":987,"wikidata_qid":1089,"texts":1090},1364,"1:1:1364:8","db0ae747-1af0-413f-8d08-282bf1f135af","Elbaite","Elb",0,"mineral",null,4003,79323,false,"Na(Li\u003Csub>1.5\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>1.5\u003C\u002Fsub>)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","Na(Al\u003Csub>1.5\u003C\u002Fsub>Li\u003Csub>1.5\u003C\u002Fsub>)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)",[18,19,20,21,22,23,24],"Al","Li","Na","Si","B","O","H",[18,19,20,21,22,23,24],[22,19],"Fe,Mn,Cu,Ti,Ca,F","17.5.5",[30,31],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","Proposal 24-A is accepted, and a neotype sample is defined for the mineral elbaite, first described in 1913. The type locality is the Rosina pegmatite, located about 100 m south of the village of San Piero in Campo, Elba island, Italy. \r\nA full description of the neotype was published by Bosi et al. (2025).","1913","9","C","K","05","61","3","1","8","Trigonal",11,86,"0","15.86","7.11",6,2,3,"Rare on \u003Cmi>{10_11}{40_41}\u003C\u002Fmi>","Prismatic to acicular",7.5,"2.9","3.1","3.069","Vitreous to oily.","Vitreous,Resinous","Transparent,Translucent","White","Green, blue-green, blue, red to pink, orange, yellow, colourless","The isomorphous substitution of ions forms the different colors of tourmalines. The cations in the structure (such as Fe, Mn, Cr, etc.) exist in a wide range of isomorphous substitutions, which gives tourmaline a very rich color. There are no or very few transition metal ions in colorless tourmaline.\r\nThe red hue of tourmaline is attributed to the d-d transition of octahedral Mn3+, Mn2+, or Mn2+-Mn3+ intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) in its crystal structure. The deep blue color is due to Fe2+, Fe3+, and Mn3+. The “neon” blue color of Paraíba tourmaline is attributed to Cu2+ and Mn3+. The yellow color could be associated with both the Fe2+-Ti4+ and Fe2+-Fe3+ intervalence charge transfers. Regarding the color genesis of green tourmalines, many previous experimental studies have shown that it is due to the isomorphous substitution of transition metal ions, such as Cr, V, and Fe, at the Y or Z position in its structure. It has also been shown that the green color of tourmaline is due to defects in the crystal structure of tourmaline.[[1]]\r\n The chromogenic components iron and manganese were found in the green elbaites; however, the bivariate correlation analysis indicated that the Mn content had no impact on the color, whereas the Fe content significantly affected both the lightness and the hue of green elbaites. The primary factors influencing the color of tourmaline were the absorption band at 720 nm caused by the Fe2+ d-d transitions and the 300 to 400 nm wide absorption edge extending to the visible range due to the O2−-Fe3+ charge transfer. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that the color of tourmalines was also influenced by their structure. As the degree of Y and Z octahedral distortion in the tourmaline lattice increased, the lightness of the tourmaline decreased and its color deepened.[[1]]\r\n\r\nBased on the Raman frequencies of [OH], short-range crystal occupancy assignments of metal cations were inferred for different samples. The UV-visible spectral analysis demonstrated that the symmetric broad absorption band \r\ncentered at 725 nm in the blue samples results from intermetallic charge transfer between Fe2+ and Fe3+, with Fe content directly affecting the depth of the blue hue.[[2]] \r\n\r\nElbaite enriched in Mn (17,346–20,669 μg\u002Fg) and Fe (8396–10,750 μg\u002Fg). Heat treatment enhanced transparency and induced strong pleochroism (yellowish green parallel c-axis, brown perpendicular c-axis). UV-Vis spectroscopy identified the brown color origin in the parallel c-axis direction: absorption bands at 730 nm (Fe2+ d–d transition, 5T2g → 5Eg), 540 nm (Fe2+→Fe3+ intervalence charge transfer, IVCT), and 415 nm (Fe2+→Ti4+ IVCT + possible Mn2+ contribution). Post-treatment, the 540 nm band vanished, creating a green transmission window and causing the color shift parallel the c-axis. The spectra perpendicular to the c-axis remained largely unchanged. The disappearance of the 540 nm band, attributed to the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ eliminating the Fe2+–Fe3+ pair interaction required for IVCT, is the primary color change mechanism. The parallel c-axis section of the samples shows brown and yellow-green dichroism after heat treatment. A decrease in the IR intensity at 4170 cm−1 indicates a reduced Fe3+ concentration. The weakening or disappearance of the 4721 cm−1 absorption band of the infrared spectrum and the near-infrared 976 nm absorption band of the ultraviolet–visible spectrum provides diagnostic indicators for identifying heat treatment in similar brown elbaite–fluorelbaite. [[3]]",[64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71],"green","blue","pink","red","orange","yellow","colorless","white",[71],"May rarely fluoresce a weak blue-white under SWUV.","blue shortwave-excited luminescence excited by SW UV caused by titanate groups (TiO\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>)","on \u003Cmi>{11_20} and {10_11}\u003C\u002Fmi>","Poor\u002FIndistinct","Irregular\u002FUneven,Conchoidal","brittle","Uniaxial","-","1.633","1.651","1.615","1.63",1.615,1.651,"Visible","O- Pink, pale green, pale to deep blue\r\nE- Colourless, yellow, olive-green, purplish","Pyroelectric, piezoelectric","Gemstone","Lithium-rich granitic pegmatites, metamorphic rocks and high temperature hydrothermal veins.","Neotype material is deposited in the collections of the Museo Universitario di Scienze della Terra (MUST), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy, catalogue number 33383\u002F406.","Tourmaline Group.\r\nElbaite-Liddicoatite Series, Dravite-Elbaite Series, and the Elbaite-Schorl Series.\r\n\r\nThe OH-analogue of fluor-elbaite.\r\n\r\n“Paraíba tourmaline” elbaites may bear significant amounts of Pb (Pb2+, Pb4+) and Bi (Bi3+). Substitutions ma...","Named after the type locality, the island of Elba, Italy","2026-03-11 09:59:28",[97,101,105],{"id":98,"name":99,"entrytype":49,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":100,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},10404,"Chromium-bearing Elbaite","Na(Li\u003Csub>1.5\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>1.5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Al,Cr)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)",{"id":102,"name":103,"entrytype":49,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":45,"primary_image_id":104},10295,"Copper-bearing Elbaite",50627,{"id":106,"name":107,"entrytype":49,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":45,"primary_image_id":11},11329,"Siberite",[109,115,123,130,136,140,145,152,157,163,169,175,182,189,194,200,207,212,219,224,231,238,243,250,254,260,265,271,278,284,289,294,299,305,312,317,325,332,337,342,348],{"id":110,"name":111,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":112,"mindat_formula":113,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":114,"primary_image_id":11},43780,"Adachiite","CaFe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>AlO\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","CaFe\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>AlO\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","3.228",{"id":116,"name":117,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":118,"mindat_formula":119,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":121,"dcalc":122,"primary_image_id":11},55259,"Alumino-oxy-rossmanite","Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>AlO\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","◻Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>AlO\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O",7,"3.07","3.092",{"id":124,"name":125,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":126,"mindat_formula":126,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":127,"dcalc":128,"primary_image_id":129},46568,"Bosiite","NaFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.23","3.26",36595,{"id":131,"name":132,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":133,"mindat_formula":133,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":134,"primary_image_id":135},54249,"Celleriite","◻(Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","3.13",4995,{"id":137,"name":138,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":139,"hmin":120,"hmax":53,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":45,"primary_image_id":11},1031,"Chromium-dravite","NaMg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cr\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)",{"id":141,"name":142,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":143,"mindat_formula":143,"hmin":53,"hmax":53,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":144,"primary_image_id":11},39891,"Chromo-alumino-povondraite","NaCr\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.227",{"id":146,"name":147,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":148,"mindat_formula":148,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":149,"dcalc":150,"primary_image_id":151},43340,"Darrellhenryite","Na(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Li)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.03","3.038",6846,{"id":153,"name":154,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":155,"mindat_formula":155,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":149,"dcalc":150,"primary_image_id":156},1318,"Dravite","NaMg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)",29624,{"id":158,"name":159,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":160,"mindat_formula":160,"hmin":120,"hmax":53,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":161,"primary_image_id":162},54240,"Dutrowite","Na(Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2.5\u003C\u002Fsub>Ti\u003Csub>0.5\u003C\u002Fsub>)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.203",7521,{"id":164,"name":165,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":166,"hmin":120,"hmax":167,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":168,"primary_image_id":11},471107,"Ertlite","NaAl\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>B\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O",8,"3.128",{"id":170,"name":171,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":172,"mindat_formula":172,"hmin":120,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":173,"primary_image_id":174},470501,"Ferro-bosiite","NaFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.216",8678,{"id":176,"name":177,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":178,"mindat_formula":178,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":179,"dcalc":180,"primary_image_id":181},1540,"Feruvite","CaFe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","3.207","3.21",8875,{"id":183,"name":184,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":185,"mindat_formula":185,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":186,"dcalc":187,"primary_image_id":188},818,"Fluor-buergerite","NaFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F","3.311","3.29",55197,{"id":190,"name":191,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":192,"mindat_formula":192,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":193,"primary_image_id":11},39892,"Fluor-dravite","NaMg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F","3.120",{"id":195,"name":196,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":197,"mindat_formula":197,"hmin":53,"hmax":53,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":198,"primary_image_id":199},39706,"Fluor-elbaite","Na(Li\u003Csub>1.5\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>1.5\u003C\u002Fsub>)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F","3.107",9037,{"id":201,"name":202,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":203,"mindat_formula":203,"hmin":53,"hmax":53,"dmeas":204,"dcalc":205,"primary_image_id":206},41296,"Fluor-liddicoatite","Ca(Li\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F","3.02","3.05",9038,{"id":208,"name":209,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":210,"hmin":120,"hmax":11,"dmeas":121,"dcalc":211,"primary_image_id":11},471056,"Fluor-rossmanite","◻(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Li)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F","3.071",{"id":213,"name":214,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":215,"mindat_formula":215,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":216,"dcalc":217,"primary_image_id":218},29118,"Fluor-schorl","NaFe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F","3.20","3.27",9067,{"id":220,"name":221,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":222,"mindat_formula":222,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":223,"primary_image_id":11},43353,"Fluor-tsilaisite","NaMn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F","3.134",{"id":225,"name":226,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":227,"mindat_formula":227,"hmin":53,"hmax":53,"dmeas":228,"dcalc":229,"primary_image_id":230},43562,"Fluor-uvite","CaMg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F","2.97","3.08",9081,{"id":232,"name":233,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":234,"mindat_formula":234,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":235,"dcalc":236,"primary_image_id":237},1579,"Foitite","◻(Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","3.17","3.14",9256,{"id":239,"name":240,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":241,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":242,"primary_image_id":206},2395,"Liddicoatite","Ca(Li\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","3.047",{"id":244,"name":245,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":246,"mindat_formula":247,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":248,"primary_image_id":249},46794,"Lucchesiite","CaFe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaFe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub> Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.226",14823,{"id":251,"name":252,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":253,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},470828,"Magnesio-dutrowite","Na(Mg\u003Csub>2.5\u003C\u002Fsub>Ti\u003Csub>0.5\u003C\u002Fsub>)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O",{"id":255,"name":256,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":257,"mindat_formula":257,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":258,"primary_image_id":259},7162,"Magnesio-foitite","◻(Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","2.995",15012,{"id":261,"name":262,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":263,"mindat_formula":263,"hmin":120,"hmax":167,"dmeas":264,"dcalc":264,"primary_image_id":11},53688,"Magnesio-lucchesiite","CaMg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.168",{"id":266,"name":267,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":268,"mindat_formula":269,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":270,"primary_image_id":11},46075,"Maruyamaite","K(MgAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Al\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","K(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg)(Al\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.081",{"id":272,"name":273,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":274,"mindat_formula":274,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":275,"dcalc":276,"primary_image_id":277},2972,"Olenite","NaAl\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","3.010","3.12",18050,{"id":279,"name":280,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":281,"mindat_formula":282,"hmin":53,"hmax":53,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":283,"primary_image_id":11},42725,"Oxy-chromium-dravite","NaCr\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cr\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","NaCr\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cr\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O ","3.299",{"id":285,"name":286,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":287,"mindat_formula":287,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":288,"primary_image_id":11},10966,"Oxy-dravite","Na(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg)(Al\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.073",{"id":290,"name":291,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":292,"mindat_formula":292,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":293,"primary_image_id":11},50777,"Oxy-foitite","◻(Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.143",{"id":295,"name":296,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":297,"mindat_formula":297,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":235,"dcalc":298,"primary_image_id":11},40465,"Oxy-schorl","Na(Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.208 ",{"id":300,"name":301,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":302,"mindat_formula":302,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":303,"primary_image_id":304},10380,"Oxy-vanadium-dravite","NaV\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(V\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.32",18400,{"id":306,"name":307,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":308,"mindat_formula":309,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":128,"dcalc":310,"primary_image_id":311},3274,"Povondraite","NaFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","NaFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.33",19914,{"id":313,"name":314,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":315,"mindat_formula":315,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":264,"primary_image_id":316},55240,"Princivalleite","Na(Mn\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O",19964,{"id":318,"name":319,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":320,"mindat_formula":321,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":322,"dcalc":323,"primary_image_id":324},7275,"Rossmanite","◻(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Li)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","◻(LiAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","3.00","3.06",21193,{"id":326,"name":327,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":328,"mindat_formula":328,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":329,"dcalc":330,"primary_image_id":331},3578,"Schorl","NaFe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","3.18","3.244",30685,{"id":333,"name":334,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":335,"mindat_formula":335,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":45,"dcalc":336,"primary_image_id":11},8016,"Tsilaisite","NaMn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","3.133 ",{"id":338,"name":339,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":340,"mindat_formula":340,"hmin":53,"hmax":53,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":341,"primary_image_id":230},54355,"Uvite","CaMg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","3.115",{"id":343,"name":344,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":345,"mindat_formula":346,"hmin":53,"hmax":53,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":347,"primary_image_id":11},43355,"Vanadio-oxy-chromium-dravite","NaV\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cr\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","NaV\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cr\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O ","3.3",{"id":349,"name":350,"entrytype":9,"csystem":42,"ima_formula":351,"mindat_formula":351,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},43563,"Vanadio-oxy-dravite","NaV\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[353,362,369,378],{"id":354,"name":355,"entrytype":9,"csystem":356,"ima_formula":357,"mindat_formula":357,"hmin":358,"hmax":358,"dmeas":359,"dcalc":360,"primary_image_id":361},760,"Brazilianite","Monoclinic","NaAl\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",5.5,"2.98","2.998",3873,{"id":363,"name":364,"entrytype":9,"csystem":356,"ima_formula":365,"mindat_formula":365,"hmin":366,"hmax":358,"dmeas":367,"dcalc":322,"primary_image_id":368},1962,"Hydroxylherderite","CaBe(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)",5,"2.95",12013,{"id":370,"name":371,"entrytype":9,"csystem":372,"ima_formula":373,"mindat_formula":374,"hmin":375,"hmax":375,"dmeas":376,"dcalc":377,"primary_image_id":11},2420,"Lithiophosphate","Orthorhombic","Li\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","Li\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",4,"2.46","2.479",{"id":379,"name":380,"entrytype":9,"csystem":381,"ima_formula":382,"mindat_formula":383,"hmin":384,"hmax":120,"dmeas":385,"dcalc":386,"primary_image_id":387},3255,"Pollucite","Isometric","Cs(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Cs,Na)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>)·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",6.5,"2.68","2.94",19727,[],[390],{"id":391,"txt":392,"latitude":393,"longitude":394,"country":395},56135,"Rosina vein (Rosina pegmatite), San Piero in Campo, Campo nell'Elba, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy",42.7500019,10.211668,"Italy",516,[398,402,407,411,415,420,424,428,432,436,440,445,449,454,459,464,469,473,478,482,487,491],{"id":399,"year":400,"html":401,"doi":11},16772137,1810,"Klaproth, M. H. (1810) CLXXXIII. Untersuchung des Rubellites aus Mähren. In \u003Ci>Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 5. Rottmann. p.86-90.",{"id":403,"year":404,"html":405,"doi":406},4426,1953,"Bradley, J. E. S., Bradley, Olive (1953) Observations on the colouring of pink and green zoned tourmaline. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  30 (220) 26-38 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1953.030.220.03'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1953.030.220.03\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_30\u002F30-220-26.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1953.030.220.03",{"id":408,"year":409,"html":410,"doi":11},16108263,1966,"Barsanov, G.P. and Yakovleva, M.E. (1966) Elbaite and certain rare varieties of tourmaline. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Mineralogicheshkii Muzei, Moscow: 17: 3-25.",{"id":412,"year":413,"html":414,"doi":11},17093603,1969,"Manning, P. G. (1969) An optical absorption study of the origin of colour and pleochroism in pink and brown tourmalines. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  9 (5) 678-690 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM9_678.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":416,"year":417,"html":418,"doi":419},7741425,1972,"Donnay, Gabrielle, Barton, R. (1972) Refinement of the crystal structure of elbaite and the mechanism of tourmaline solid solution. \u003Ci>TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen\u003C\u002Fi>, 18 (4). 273-286 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf01082837'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf01082837\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf01082837",{"id":421,"year":422,"html":423,"doi":11},16108266,1982,"Gorskaya, M.G., Frank-Kamenetskaya, O.V., Rozhdestvenskaya, I.V., and Frank-Kamenetskii, V.A. (1982) Refinement of the crystal structure of Al-rich elbaite, and some aspects of the crystal chemistry of tourmalines. Soviet Physics: Crystallography: 27: 63-66.",{"id":425,"year":426,"html":427,"doi":11},16184623,1986,"Rossman, G.R. and Mattson, S.M. (1986) Yellow, Mn-rich elbaite with Mn-Ti intervalence charge transfer. American Mineralogist, 71, 599-602.",{"id":429,"year":430,"html":431,"doi":11},16108267,1993,"Belokoneva, E. L., Tsirel'son, V. G. (1993): Electron density distribution and bonding characteristics in tourmaline-elbaite from precision x-ray diffractometry. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii 38, 1351-1358 (in Russian).",{"id":433,"year":434,"html":435,"doi":11},15418311,1996,"Grew, Edward S.; Anovitz, Lawrence M. - \u003Ci>Eds.\u003C\u002Fi> (1996) Boron - Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. \u003Ci>Reviews in Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 33. Mineralogical Society of America p.862",{"id":437,"year":438,"html":439,"doi":11},16964094,2001,"(2001) Elbaite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Felbaite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":441,"year":442,"html":443,"doi":444},395536,2006,"Agrosi, G. (2006) Mn-tourmaline crystals from island of Elba (Italy): Growth history and growth marks. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  91 (5) 944-952 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2006.1978'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2006.1978\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2006.1978",{"id":446,"year":447,"html":448,"doi":11},16108269,2008,"Ertl., A. (2008) About the nomenclature and the type locality of elbaite. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 154, 35-44. [http:\u002F\u002Fwww.uibk.ac.at\u002Fmineralogie\u002Foemg\u002Fbd_154\u002F154_035-044.pdf]",{"id":450,"year":451,"html":452,"doi":453},153909,2014,"Fantini, C., Tavares, M. C., Krambrock, K., Moreira, R. L., Righi, A. (2014) Raman and infrared study of hydroxyl sites in natural uvite, fluor-uvite, magnesio-foitite, dravite and elbaite tourmalines. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  41 (4) 247-254 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-013-0642-0'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-013-0642-0\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-013-0642-0",{"id":455,"year":456,"html":457,"doi":458},13423109,2020,"Ertl, Andreas, Bačík, Peter (2020) Considerations About Bi and Pb in the Crystal Structure of Cu-Bearing Tourmaline. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>, 10 (8) 706 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin10080706'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin10080706\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F2075-163X\u002F10\u002F8\u002F706\u002Fpdf?version=1597145732' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin10080706",{"id":460,"year":461,"html":462,"doi":463},13000010,2021,"Bosi, Ferdinando, Celata, Beatrice, Skogby, Henrik, Hålenius, Ulf, Tempesta, Gioacchino, Ciriotti, Marco E., Bittarello, Erica, Marengo, Alessandra (2021) Mn-bearing purplish-red tourmaline from the Anjanabonoina pegmatite, Madagascar. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>, 85 (2) 242-253 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fmgm.2021.20'>doi:10.1180\u002Fmgm.2021.20\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fmgm.2021.20",{"id":465,"year":466,"html":467,"doi":468},16870044,2023,"Guo, Ying, Tang, Jun, Yang, Yushu, Cui, Lianyi, Guo, Ying, Tang, Jun, Yang, Yushu (2023) Spectroscopy Characteristics and Color-Influencing Factors of Green Iron-Bearing Elbaite. \u003Ci>Crystals\u003C\u002Fi>,  13 (10) 1461 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fcryst13101461'>doi:10.3390\u002Fcryst13101461\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fcryst13101461",{"id":470,"year":466,"html":471,"doi":472},15651678,"Vigier, Maxence, Fritsch, Emmanuel, Cavignac, Théo, Latouche, Camille, Jobic, Stéphane (2023) Shortwave UV Blue Luminescence of Some Minerals and Gems Due to Titanate Groups. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>, 13 (1) 104 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin13010104'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin13010104\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F2075-163X\u002F13\u002F1\u002F104\u002Fpdf?version=1674017971' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin13010104",{"id":474,"year":475,"html":476,"doi":477},17546015,2024,"Biagioni, C., Mugnaioli, E., Lorenzon, S., Mauro, D., Musetti, S., Sejkora, J., Belmonte, D., Demitri, N., Dolníček, Z. (2024) Nannoniite, IMA 2024-010, in \u003Ci>IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) – Newsletter 80\u003C\u002Fi>. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  36 (4). 599-604 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5194\u002Fejm-36-599-2024'>doi:10.5194\u002Fejm-36-599-2024\u003C\u002Fa>","10.5194\u002Fejm-36-599-2024",{"id":479,"year":475,"html":480,"doi":481},17631524,"Chen, Yifang, Xu, Duo, Zhou, Zhengyu, Schwarz, Dietmar, Zheng, Junhao, Zhang, Lingmin (2024) Chemical Composition and Spectral Variation in Gem-Quality Blue Iron-Bearing Tourmaline from Brazil. \u003Ci>Crystals\u003C\u002Fi>,  14 (10). 877 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fcryst14100877'>doi:10.3390\u002Fcryst14100877\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fcryst14100877",{"id":483,"year":484,"html":485,"doi":486},18991661,2025,"Li, Kun; Yue, Suwei (2025) Mechanisms of Thermal Color Change in Brown Elbaite–Fluorelbaite Tourmaline: Insights from Trace Elements and Spectral Signatures. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  15 (10).  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin15101032'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin15101032\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin15101032",{"id":488,"year":484,"html":489,"doi":490},18751678,"Bosi, Ferdinando; Pezzotta, Federico; Skobgy, Henrik; Luppi, Riccardo; Ballirano, Paolo; Hålenius, Ulf; Tempesta, Gioacchino; Agrosì, Giovanna; Sejkora, Jiří (2025) Elbaite, the neotype material from the Rosina pegmatite, San Piero in Campo, Elba island, Italy. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  37 (4). 505-516 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5194\u002Fejm-37-505-2025'>doi:10.5194\u002Fejm-37-505-2025\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fejm.copernicus.org\u002Farticles\u002F37\u002F505\u002F2025\u002Fejm-37-505-2025.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.5194\u002Fejm-37-505-2025",{"id":492,"year":484,"html":493,"doi":494},19714526,"London, David; Guttery, Brandon M. (2025) Hydrothermal Synthesis of Lithium-Bearing Tourmaline, and the Elusive Stability Field of Elbaite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  63 (6). 905-927 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002F2400044'>doi:10.3749\u002F2400044\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002F2400044",[496,506,513,520,529,534,542,547,555,563,571,579,588,596,605,612,619,627,634,643,653,661,669,679,686,694,701,710,717,723,730,737,743,749,756,763,772,779,788,796,802,809,815,822,829,836,843,851,858,867,876,884,893,901,910,918,925,931,938,948],{"id":497,"source_url":498,"license_code":499,"credit_html":500,"title":501,"description":502,"author":503,"original_width":504,"original_height":505},7711,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140828","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140828\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-121985.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Cruzeiro mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FS%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_da_Safira\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:São José da Safira\">São José da Safira\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-380.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.8 x 1.2 x 1.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Can you BELIEVE the intense cranberry color of this tourmaline crystal?! And the bottom of the crystal, which the camera had trouble with, is just as gorgeous, in a different way: it is a light, transparent version of the top, and just glows under decent light. This crystal is technically doubly-terminated: the crystal broke off in the pocket and the broken end healed naturally. A This SPECTACULAR crystal weighs 17 grams.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",319,600,{"id":507,"source_url":508,"license_code":509,"credit_html":510,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":511,"original_height":512},29653,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F164909","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F164909\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",967,1000,{"id":514,"source_url":515,"license_code":499,"credit_html":516,"title":517,"description":518,"author":503,"original_width":519,"original_height":505},53161,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10120817","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10120817\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-Tourmaline-22824.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Tourmaline\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala; Queen), Pala District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Diego_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Diego County, California\">San Diego County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3562.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A gorgeous crystal with the rich deep pink-red color the Stewart was famous for. Though it is still worked, such crystals are no longer being found and this is clearly old material that is highly desirable, even more so than the often-gemmier but paler red Himalaya Mine tourmalines 3.2 x 1.2 x 1.1 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",342,{"id":521,"source_url":522,"license_code":509,"credit_html":523,"title":524,"description":525,"author":526,"original_width":527,"original_height":528},7712,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14247228","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14247228\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa> - Polychrome\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Cruzeiro mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FS%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_da_Safira\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:São José da Safira\">São José da Safira\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.2 x.3.2 x 2.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",2082,3804,{"id":530,"source_url":531,"license_code":509,"credit_html":532,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":533,"original_height":512},29654,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F177359","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F177359\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",785,{"id":535,"source_url":536,"license_code":509,"credit_html":537,"title":538,"description":539,"author":526,"original_width":540,"original_height":541},7713,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14438531","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14438531\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite Melon d'eau Taillée.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa> - Cut\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Cruzeiro mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FS%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_da_Safira\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:São José da Safira\">São José da Safira\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size:, 1.42 x 0.66 x 0.5 cm cm 4cts14\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",2196,1802,{"id":543,"source_url":544,"license_code":509,"credit_html":545,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":512,"original_height":546},29655,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F170016","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F170016\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",766,{"id":548,"source_url":549,"license_code":499,"credit_html":550,"title":551,"description":552,"author":503,"original_width":553,"original_height":554},53162,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141830","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141830\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-133438.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Golconda pegmatite, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGovernador_Valadares\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Governador Valadares\">Governador Valadares\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4513.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.7 x 1.7 x 1.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A super gemmy and lustrous, doubly terminated, dark red tourmaline from the famous Golconda Mine of Brazil. The UNRETOUCHED backlit photo highlights the gemminess and beautiful, intense red color saturation. This is definitely a very fine old-timer, which you seldom see today. The terminations are frosted and black. Two side bruises, below the pyramidal termination are on the backside and are out of sight. Excellent old-time material from the George Elling Collection. 26 grams.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",189,400,{"id":556,"source_url":557,"license_code":509,"credit_html":558,"title":559,"description":560,"author":526,"original_width":561,"original_height":562},7714,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14511444","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14511444\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite Elbe.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: San Piero in Campo, Campo nell'Elba, Elba Island, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy - Topotype deposit\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.36  cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",5761,3775,{"id":564,"source_url":565,"license_code":509,"credit_html":566,"title":567,"description":568,"author":569,"original_width":570,"original_height":528},7715,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=38414555","Photo by and (c)2015 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=38414555\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite Specimen 30.JPG","Photo of Elbaite. It was taken at the Delaware Museum of Natural History and is listed as specimen #30.","Photo by and (c)2015 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man)",2904,{"id":572,"source_url":573,"license_code":499,"credit_html":574,"title":575,"description":576,"author":503,"original_width":577,"original_height":578},53164,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169870","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169870\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-264009.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Dunton Gem Quarry, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNewry\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Newry\">Newry\u003C\u002Fa>, Oxford County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMaine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Maine\">Maine\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3780.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.5 x 4.7 x 1.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The incredible, scintillating, cranberry-red color saturation on this gemmy and lustrous polished tourmaline slice is stunning. This is old-time, very high quality and very rare for the color material from the famed Dunton Mine of Maine. The outer rind is, in fact, a very interesting accent to this amazing tourmaline slice. Ex. Robert Whitmore Collection. Weighs 47 grams.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",700,622,{"id":580,"source_url":581,"license_code":509,"credit_html":582,"title":583,"description":584,"author":585,"original_width":586,"original_height":587},7716,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=79218194","Dicklyon, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=79218194\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite at Peabody.jpg","Elbaite specimen at the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History","Dicklyon",1399,2254,{"id":589,"source_url":590,"license_code":499,"credit_html":591,"title":592,"description":593,"author":503,"original_width":594,"original_height":595},53165,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10171186","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10171186\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-272612.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Pederneira claim, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FS%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_da_Safira\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:São José da Safira\">São José da Safira\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-426.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.8 x 3.4 x 2.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An extremely vibrant green color makes this stand out as old material from the Pederneira. It has a glassy luster to the surface that is hard to equal in tourmaline. The color is brighter and more sparkling then modern green-toned Pederneira crystals tend to be (though there are some exceptions) and when combined with the lustre, the piece really is vibrant beyond its apparent size. The little sidecar crystal at the base is broken off, and the upper sidecar crystal seems contacted (not damaged). The piece is complete-all-around, on the main crystal. Weighs 30 grams.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",434,750,{"id":597,"source_url":598,"license_code":509,"credit_html":599,"title":600,"description":601,"author":602,"original_width":603,"original_height":604},7717,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=88345702","掬茶, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=88345702\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite displayed at Mining Museum of Akita University.jpg","Elbaite displayed at Mining Museum of Akita University","掬茶",2400,1800,{"id":606,"source_url":607,"license_code":499,"credit_html":608,"title":609,"description":610,"author":503,"original_width":611,"original_height":505},53166,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441562","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441562\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-mrn8a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Baxao Mine, Taquaral, Minas Gerais, Brazil\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 8.5 x 1.1 x 0.6 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Elbaite Tourmaline\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The alternating colors of light pink and orange and amber hues, along with the incredible transparency and dramatic sparkling effect of some in situ etching, make this elbaite pencil a thing of unique beauty. These pastel colors are rarely associated with such a gemmy crystal of tourmaline, in my experience. Ex. Dr. Eugene Meieran Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",246,{"id":613,"source_url":614,"license_code":499,"credit_html":615,"title":616,"description":617,"author":503,"original_width":554,"original_height":618},53167,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441894","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441894\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-mz54b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Pederneira claim, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FS%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_da_Safira\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:São José da Safira\">São José da Safira\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-426.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: cabinet, 12.2 x 2.9 x 1.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Tourmaline var. Indicolite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A super display specimen, complete all around, showing a LOT of blue gem tourmaline for the money! The crystals have a vibrant rich blue color that is transmitted through the gemmy crystals , clearly visible without any kind of fancy backlighting - the best style of indicolite as far as the collector is concerned. Repaired just one time, cleanly, almost invisibly, through the lower portion of the long crystal and with no restoration at all. This is considered quite rare for an indicolite of such size from any locality but particularly for a cluster from this particular pocket (found around 2002), from which many crystals were multiply fragmented. Comes with custom lucite display base. 12.2 x 2.9 x 1.5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",339,{"id":620,"source_url":621,"license_code":499,"credit_html":622,"title":623,"description":624,"author":503,"original_width":625,"original_height":626},53169,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10448807","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10448807\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-gem7-04a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Malkhan pegmatite field (Malchan), Krasnyi Chikoy, Chitinskaya Oblast', \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTransbaikal\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Transbaikal\">Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)\u003C\u002Fa>, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-29506.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 3.8 x 3.7 x 1.6 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Tourmaline var. Rubellite on Feldspar\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An oustanding 3.7 x 2 x 1.2 cm gemmy rubellite , perched on a plate of feldspar. This is a phenomenal quality for the locality where you do not usually see such gemminess nor such lustre on the crystals with extremely well-bevelled terminations. The color, in person, is a deep cranberry red like thos from the old Jonas Mine in Brazil\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",800,784,{"id":628,"source_url":629,"license_code":499,"credit_html":630,"title":631,"description":632,"author":503,"original_width":633,"original_height":625},53170,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450082","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450082\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-jonas-11a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Jonas Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConselheiro_Pena\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Conselheiro Pena\">Conselheiro Pena\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-12119.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 2.8 x 0.6 x 0.4 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Tourmaline var. Rubellite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>a super gem crystal with perfect termination\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",243,{"id":635,"source_url":636,"license_code":499,"credit_html":637,"title":638,"description":639,"author":640,"original_width":641,"original_height":642},53171,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=19525307","Valugi, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=19525307\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite valugi.JPG","Elbaite, New York Museum of Natural Science","Valugi",1600,1064,{"id":644,"source_url":645,"license_code":646,"credit_html":647,"title":648,"description":649,"author":650,"original_width":651,"original_height":652},53175,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167220035","CC BY 4.0","Animalculum, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167220035\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite, Musee de Mineralogie, Paris, 2025.jpg","Elbaite from Pala, California, USA in Musee de Mineralogie, Paris","Animalculum",2681,3575,{"id":654,"source_url":655,"license_code":646,"credit_html":656,"title":657,"description":658,"author":650,"original_width":659,"original_height":660},53176,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167220153","Animalculum, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167220153\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite and Lepidolite, Musee de Mineralogie, Paris, 2025.jpg","Elbaite and Lepidolite from Pala, California, USA in Musee de Mineralogie, Paris",2862,3816,{"id":662,"source_url":663,"license_code":499,"credit_html":664,"title":665,"description":666,"author":503,"original_width":667,"original_height":668},31111,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144068","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144068\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-139680.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Stak Nala, Haramosh Mts., \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSkardu_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Skardu District\">Skardu District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaltistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baltistan\">Baltistan\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGilgit-Baltistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gilgit-Baltistan\">Northern Areas\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2533.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.6 x 2.4 x 1.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>From the new find in the late Fall of 2005 in Pakistan. This is a very nice specimen from the most famous Tourmaline locality in Pakistan. I have seen many Tourmaline specimens from Stak Nala for many years and the one characteristic of that many of them lacked was decent color. This crystal features several colors ranging from a light pink shade one end ranging into a thin colorless (\"Achroite\") zone, then a beautiful pale yellow-green color, then into an olive-green color, then a very dark forest-green color. To top it off, the crystal is associated with a beautiful \"flower\" of Cleavelandite flaring off the side. The prism of the Tourmaline is rather lustrous for this material, but the termination is just as lustrous, which is NOT common for these crystals. This is a great display piece and a wonderful pegmatite specimen from a classic locality. These pieces are becomingly increasingly difficult to find in today’s market.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",289,432,{"id":670,"source_url":671,"license_code":672,"credit_html":673,"title":674,"description":675,"author":676,"original_width":677,"original_height":678},31123,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433123","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433123\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite tourmaline (Mount Mica, Oxford County, Maine, USA) 2.jpg","Elbaite tourmaline from Maine, USA. (Maine Mineral & Gem Museum collection, Bethel, Maine, USA)\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 6000 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a classic \"garbage-can mineral\" - it has a little bit of just about everything.  Tourmaline can be given the formula (Na,Ca)(Li,Mg,Al)(Fe,Mn,Al)6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH,F)4 - sodium calcium lithium magnesium iron manganese hydroxy-fluoro-boro-aluminosilicate.  Tourmaline has a nonmetallic luster, varies in color but is often blackish, has a white streak, is quite hard (H = 7 to 7.5), frequently has elongated crystals with subtriangular cross-sections and striated faces, no cleavage, and conchoidal fracture.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a group of minerals, the most common of which is the blackish-colored, Fe-rich schorl.  The dark brown, Mg-rich dravite is another moderately common variety of tourmaline.  Other varieties include achroite, elbaite (Li & Na-rich), indicolite, liddicoatite (Li & Ca-rich), rubellite, verdelite, and others.  The latter-listed tourmalines are often richly colored (greenish, yellowish, reddish, pinkish, bluish, multicolored).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is moderately common in pegmatites and some metamorphic rocks.  It can even be rock-forming - see the scarce rock tourmalinite (www.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002F15095512541).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The elbaite tourmaline seen here is from a pegmatite body in Maine.  Pegmatites are very coarsely-crystalline textured intrusive igneous rocks.  Their large crystal size is the result of cooling of water-rich magmas.  Pegmatites often have concentrations of unusual elements, which is conducive to the formation of less common minerals such as tourmaline.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Mount Mica, Oxford County, southwestern Maine, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of tourmaline:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4003","James St. John",1132,2345,{"id":680,"source_url":681,"license_code":672,"credit_html":682,"title":683,"description":675,"author":676,"original_width":684,"original_height":685},31124,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433124","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433124\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite tourmaline (Mount Mica, Oxford County, Maine, USA) 3.jpg",1188,2533,{"id":687,"source_url":688,"license_code":672,"credit_html":689,"title":690,"description":691,"author":676,"original_width":692,"original_height":693},52675,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433118","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=154433118\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite tourmaline (Mount Marie Quarries, Oxford County, Maine, USA) 2.jpg","Elbaite tourmaline from Maine, USA. (Maine Mineral & Gem Museum collection, Bethel, Maine, USA)\n\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 6000 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a classic \"garbage-can mineral\" - it has a little bit of just about everything.  Tourmaline can be given the formula (Na,Ca)(Li,Mg,Al)(Fe,Mn,Al)6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH,F)4 - sodium calcium lithium magnesium iron manganese hydroxy-fluoro-boro-aluminosilicate.  Tourmaline has a nonmetallic luster, varies in color but is often blackish, has a white streak, is quite hard (H = 7 to 7.5), frequently has elongated crystals with subtriangular cross-sections and striated faces, no cleavage, and conchoidal fracture.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a group of minerals, the most common of which is the blackish-colored, Fe-rich schorl.  The dark brown, Mg-rich dravite is another moderately common variety of tourmaline.  Other varieties include achroite, elbaite (Li & Na-rich), indicolite, liddicoatite (Li & Ca-rich), rubellite, verdelite, and others.  The latter-listed tourmalines are often richly colored (greenish, yellowish, reddish, pinkish, bluish, multicolored).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is moderately common in pegmatites and some metamorphic rocks.  It can even be rock-forming - see the scarce rock tourmalinite (www.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002F15095512541).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The elbaite tourmaline seen here is from a pegmatite body in Maine.  Pegmatites are very coarsely-crystalline textured intrusive igneous rocks.  Their large crystal size is the result of cooling of water-rich magmas.  Pegmatites often have concentrations of unusual elements, which is conducive to the formation of less common minerals such as tourmaline.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Mount Marie Quarries, northwest of the town of Hebron & east of the town of Norway & southeast of the town of Paris, Oxford County, southwestern Maine, USA (vicinity of 44° 13' 18.22\u003Ci> North latitude, 70° 25' 29.44\u003C\u002Fi> West longitude)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of tourmaline:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4003",1030,1747,{"id":695,"source_url":696,"license_code":499,"credit_html":697,"title":698,"description":699,"author":503,"original_width":700,"original_height":554},54822,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144470","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10144470\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-142241.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Benedito mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAgua_Boa\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Agua Boa\">Água Boa\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-159534.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.4 x 0.8 x 0.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A perfect, pristine gem tourmaline crystal out of the collection of Steve Smale, from the Benedito Mine in Minas Gerais. It is glass-clear and flawless, with a fine termination and superb luster - bottle-green, very close to Bolivian vivianite in color. Weighs 5 grams.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",221,{"id":702,"source_url":703,"license_code":509,"credit_html":704,"title":705,"description":706,"author":707,"original_width":708,"original_height":709},54824,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720758","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113720758\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 237 - Tourmaline, elbaite.jpg","Tourmaline, elbaite, au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",4272,2848,{"id":711,"source_url":712,"license_code":499,"credit_html":713,"title":714,"description":715,"author":503,"original_width":716,"original_height":625},55465,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476904","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476904\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-Strontiumapatite-tuc8-103b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FApatite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Apatite\">Apatite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Otjua, Karibib District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2415.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.5 x 1.6 x 1.6 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Elbaite Tourmaline with Apatite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is an OUSTANDING tourmaline for Africa in general and for this locale in particular, from a small pocket found in the early 1990s after Gene Meieran and Wayne Thompson financed renewed specimen-mining at this classic old locality. This remarkably gemmy, pristine, unrepaired, and transparent crystal was best of the pocket for quality and was the one Gene kept for his role in the project. The tourmaline quality is incredible for the locality but its also quite a distinct color and pattern from Brazil, capped by the sparkling, accenting apatites to make a truly unique piece. Though exchanged to me only recently, I have to say I have lusted after this one for years, actually.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",307,{"id":718,"source_url":719,"license_code":499,"credit_html":720,"title":721,"description":715,"author":503,"original_width":722,"original_height":554},55466,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476907","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10476907\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-Strontiumapatite-tuc8-103c.jpg",266,{"id":724,"source_url":725,"license_code":499,"credit_html":726,"title":727,"description":728,"author":503,"original_width":729,"original_height":505},60722,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10134889","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10134889\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-Tourmaline-53018.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Tourmaline\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Indicolite\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Chiar mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FS%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_da_Safira\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:São José da Safira\">São José da Safira\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-24956.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A truly breathtaking, colorful, extremely gemmy tourmaline crystal with deep and vivid blue and green hues. It is terminated and complete all around except for trivial edge damage on some back faces and a few little nicks on front that are not detracting. The color is breathtaking and it lights up unusually well for such a large indicolite because of the slenderness of the crystal. That is a little cookeite-coated quartz crystal sticking out of the termination! 6 x 3.3 x 1.5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",401,{"id":731,"source_url":732,"license_code":499,"credit_html":733,"title":734,"description":735,"author":503,"original_width":736,"original_height":554},60726,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10429051","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10429051\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-ch06c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tourmaline Queen Mine (MS 6458; Tourmaline Queen No. 3), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala; Queen), Pala District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Diego_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Diego County, California\">San Diego County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3564.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.5 x 4.8 x 4.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Tourmaline var. Indicolite (with Sinkankas' signed\u002Finscribed book)\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine San Diego indicolite, which is rare in such size and condition anyhow, but the history here is so interesting. Note how the piece was passed from one major collector to another, through decades. John Sinkankas even sketched the piece on the inside cover. A watercolor painting shown on the inside is from the same pocket, and a group photo shows this piece, as well. Chuck purchased the book, having actually tracked down the book from Barlow's grandson, Chris Dearing, after Mr. Barlow had passed away. Barlow never sold the book when he sold the collection, keeping it for himself: it stayed in his personal library as his own copy. This is pedigree aside a very fine indicolite for San Diego which has only rarely produced pure end-member indicolites of any quality. As a side note, there is an association of manganocolumbite on the bottom of the specimen. Ex. Chuck Houser, David Wilbur, John Barlow, and John Sinkankas Collections.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",379,{"id":738,"source_url":739,"license_code":499,"credit_html":740,"title":741,"description":735,"author":503,"original_width":742,"original_height":625},60728,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10429059","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10429059\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-ch06b.jpg",637,{"id":744,"source_url":745,"license_code":499,"credit_html":746,"title":747,"description":735,"author":503,"original_width":748,"original_height":625},60729,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10429064","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10429064\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-ch06a.jpg",640,{"id":750,"source_url":751,"license_code":499,"credit_html":752,"title":753,"description":754,"author":503,"original_width":755,"original_height":625},77539,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450103","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450103\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-jonas-25a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Jonas Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConselheiro_Pena\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Conselheiro Pena\">Conselheiro Pena\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-12119.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.0 x 3.3 x 2.4 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Tourmaline var. Rubellite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A gorgeous, absolutely gemmy, 4-cm-long crystal of red glass projecting from an aesthetic matrix of lepidolite....this is a killer display-quality miniature! The doubly-terminated quartz floating to the right makes a perfect accent. There is one very clean repair on the tourmaline, 1 cm up from its base attachment. Still, that line is hard to see unless you go looking for it and this remains a vivid and rare matrix Jonas specimen, for which I am willing to forgive the repair provided everything else is top quality. More lustrous, and brilliantly so, in person!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",452,{"id":757,"source_url":758,"license_code":499,"credit_html":759,"title":760,"description":761,"author":503,"original_width":762,"original_height":505},85063,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10126842","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10126842\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-Tourmaline-38364.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Tourmaline\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: Verdelite)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVirgem_da_Lapa\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Virgem da Lapa\">Virgem da Lapa\u003C\u002Fa>, Jequitinhonha valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-440.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A LARGE, gemmy and lustrous green tourmaline crystal with a matt-black pedion termination. Ex Ed Ruggiero Collection and was purchased in 1976. Ed, formerly from Dallas, collected from the 1960s until 1987. 273 grams or 9.6 ounces! 9.4 x 4.0 x 4.0 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",283,{"id":764,"source_url":765,"license_code":509,"credit_html":766,"title":767,"description":768,"author":769,"original_width":770,"original_height":771},552,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=99539335","Ivar Leidus, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=99539335\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite with albite - São José da Safira, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg","Deep green slightly translucent terminated elbaite crystal with albite (3.5 × 2.5 × 1.0 cm). Found from São José da Safira, Minas Gerais, Brazil","Ivar Leidus",4400,5600,{"id":773,"source_url":774,"license_code":499,"credit_html":775,"title":776,"description":777,"author":503,"original_width":554,"original_height":778},53168,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10445831","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10445831\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-Quartz-ck13b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Cryo-Genie Mine (Cindy B-Cryogenie; Lost Valley Truck Trail prospect), Warner Springs, Warner Springs District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Diego_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Diego County, California\">San Diego County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-15973.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.2 x 3.5 x 3.1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Quartz with Indicolite Tourmaline\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A VERY RARE matrix association piece from the CG with a GEM blue indicolite crystal of good form! The crystal measures approx 2 x 2 x 1 cm and is exceptional in form and quality for the mine. Recovered this past March of 2004. BETTER IN PERSON.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",326,{"id":780,"source_url":781,"license_code":509,"credit_html":782,"title":783,"description":784,"author":785,"original_width":786,"original_height":787},9502,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39743632","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=39743632\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Scapolite, elbaïte, cleavelandite 7100.1.2830.jpg","scapolite, tourmaline var. elbaite, albite var. cleavelandite : Badakhshan Province (Badakshan Province ; Badahsan Province), Afghanistan","Géry PARENT",1988,1325,{"id":789,"source_url":790,"license_code":499,"credit_html":791,"title":792,"description":793,"author":503,"original_width":794,"original_height":795},3176,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31765018","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31765018\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Beryllonite, Elbaite-503377.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBeryllonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Beryllonite\">Beryllonite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Paprok Mine (Papruk Mine; Paprowk Mine), Kamdesh District, Nuristan Province (Nurestan Province; Nooristan Province; Nuristan), Afghanistan\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.9 cm x 5.5 cm x 4 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Beryllonite is a rare sodium, beryllium phosphate found in granitic and alkali pegmatites. It is uncommon from the pegmatites at Paprok and extremely rare in combination with a gorgeous cluster of gemmy pink tourmalines. The symmetry of this beautiful piece is outstanding. The parallel-growth cluster of striking, pristine, graduated in length, well-striated, gemmy and lustrous, pink elbaites is very artistic. The two frontal crystals have very nice, narrow, teal-blue terminations. Two generations, tan or white, of lustrous, translucent, parallel-growth beryllonite crystals form an impressive intergrown cluster next to the gemmy elbaites. Ex Herb Obodda specimen.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",465,510,{"id":797,"source_url":798,"license_code":499,"credit_html":799,"title":800,"description":793,"author":503,"original_width":794,"original_height":801},3177,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31765026","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=31765026\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Beryllonite, Elbaite-503378.jpg",458,{"id":803,"source_url":804,"license_code":499,"credit_html":805,"title":806,"description":807,"author":503,"original_width":808,"original_height":505},4852,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10153498","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10153498\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-Elbaite-181583.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Cruzeiro mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FS%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_da_Safira\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:São José da Safira\">São José da Safira\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-380.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.5 x 4.5 x 4.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine \"cathedral\" quartz crystal, multiply-terminated with pretty peaks all around the main termination, and wonderfully transparent. At the bottom is a spray of dark green elbaite crystals that penetrate the quartz and stick out on one side. Ex. Richard Hauck Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",348,{"id":810,"source_url":811,"license_code":499,"credit_html":812,"title":813,"description":807,"author":503,"original_width":554,"original_height":814},4853,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10153501","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10153501\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-Elbaite-181584.jpg",309,{"id":816,"source_url":817,"license_code":499,"credit_html":818,"title":819,"description":820,"author":503,"original_width":821,"original_height":625},6167,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10145118","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10145118\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-Cookeite-146177.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCookeite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cookeite\">Cookeite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Dunton Gem Quarry, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNewry\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Newry\">Newry\u003C\u002Fa>, Oxford County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMaine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Maine\">Maine\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3780.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.9 x 1.9 x 1.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A beautiful, multiply-terminated crystal with some albite and lepidolite matrix! This is complete all around, and has characteristic color.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",451,{"id":199,"source_url":823,"license_code":499,"credit_html":824,"title":825,"description":826,"author":503,"original_width":827,"original_height":828},"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=120405277","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=120405277\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fluor-elbaite-694454.png","3.0 x 2.0 x 1.5 cm. Quite uncommon, fluor-elbaite has been found only a few places around the world. The crystals in this cluster are deep blue-green, with great luster and excellent terminations. The fluor-elbaites are gemmy to translucent, and the parallel growth of the crystals gives the specimen a very architectural look. This piece is considered among the best of species for this tourmaline variety (per Jim Houran, comments). A very fine specimen. Ex. James (Jim) Houran Collection. From: Arqueana pegmatite, Piauí valley, Taquaral, Itinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil.",1170,911,{"id":830,"source_url":831,"license_code":499,"credit_html":832,"title":833,"description":834,"author":503,"original_width":505,"original_height":835},11210,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161591","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161591\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Herderite-Elbaite-Lepidolite-216408.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHerderite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Herderite\">Herderite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLepidolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lepidolite\">Lepidolite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Paprok, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNuristan_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nuristan Province\">Nuristan Province (Nurestan; Nooristan)\u003C\u002Fa>, Afghanistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.2 x 7.1 x 5.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very rare, unique and very showy herderite, tourmaline and lepidolite specimen from Paprok, Afghanistan and the Marty Zinn Collection, #7925. Gemmy, pastel-green, arrowhead-shaped herderite crystals abound on the matrix, which includes very gemmy, green tourmaline crystals to 2.1 cm and very light lavender to tan lepidolite crystals. The dominant 2.8 cm herderite crystal is striking and there is a 5.2 cm horizontal crystal. All of the major herderites are pristine. Herderite is not listed as coming from Afghanistan, but Marty has many direct sources, that very few in the mineral world can hope to obtain. Marty is generally considered to be the preeminent mineral show promoter in the world and thus has early access to many unique finds. The tourmalines appear to be a typical, green Paprok varietal and not like any general Brazilian tourmalines.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",483,{"id":837,"source_url":838,"license_code":509,"credit_html":839,"title":840,"description":841,"author":785,"original_width":442,"original_height":842},27640,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=67405991","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=67405991\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Alkali-beryl, elbaite, schorl, quartz.jpg","beryl var. alkali-beryl, tourmaline var. elbaite, tourmaline var. schorl, quartz : Deo Darrah, Khas & Kuran wa Munjan Districts, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan",1447,{"id":844,"source_url":845,"license_code":509,"credit_html":846,"title":847,"description":848,"author":785,"original_width":849,"original_height":850},50444,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=70374924","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=70374924\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite, cookeite.jpg","tourmaline var. elbaite, cookeite : Kunar Mine, Kunar Valley, Konar Province (Kunar Province, Konarh Province, Konarha Province),  Afghanistan",2000,1333,{"id":852,"source_url":853,"license_code":499,"credit_html":854,"title":855,"description":856,"author":503,"original_width":857,"original_height":505},53454,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175798","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175798\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Eosphorite-Elbaite-Albite-120762.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEosphorite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Eosphorite\">Eosphorite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Albite\">Albite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FApatite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Apatite\">Apatite-(CaOH)\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Dunton Gem Quarry, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNewry\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Newry\">Newry\u003C\u002Fa>, Oxford County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMaine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Maine\">Maine\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3780.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.4 x 5.3 x 3.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An OLD-TIME and showy specimen of dark brown eosphorite crystals surrounded by carbonatian apatite-(OH) on cleavelandite matrix from the renowned pegmatites at Newry, Maine. A glassy, green elbaite crystal on the end, next to the eosphorites is a very nice accent. Ex. George Elling Collection, Ex. John Albanese.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",396,{"id":859,"source_url":860,"license_code":861,"credit_html":862,"title":863,"description":864,"author":785,"original_width":865,"original_height":866},60730,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12309567","CC0 1.0","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=12309567\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tourmaline 10.jpg","tourmaline var. elbaite, tourmaline var. indicolite : Barra de Salinas district, Barra de Salinas, Coronel Murta, Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil",3869,2424,{"id":868,"source_url":869,"license_code":646,"credit_html":870,"title":871,"description":872,"author":873,"original_width":874,"original_height":875},64942,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=80792203","Dguendel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=80792203\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Freiberg, Terra mineralia, Londonit, Elbait.JPG","Freiberg, Terra mineralia, londonite, elbaite,  location: Sahatany, Madagascar","Dguendel",4234,2264,{"id":877,"source_url":878,"license_code":499,"credit_html":879,"title":880,"description":881,"author":882,"original_width":883,"original_height":709},71904,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=21138892","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=21138892\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lépidolite, cleavelandite, orthose, elbaïte 3.jpg","cristaux de mica var. lépidolite, cristaux d'albite var. cleavelandite, cristaux de feldspath var. orthose, cristaux de tourmaline var. elbaïte : Itatiala Mine, Conselheiro Pena, Doce valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil","Parent Géry",4288,{"id":885,"source_url":886,"license_code":509,"credit_html":887,"title":888,"description":889,"author":890,"original_width":891,"original_height":892},74954,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129878892","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129878892\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lepidolite, Quartz, Elbaite. Himalaya Mine, Mesa Grande, California, USA-9023.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLepidolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lepidolite\">Lepidolite\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa> variety \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRubellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rubellite\">Rubellite\u003C\u002Fa> on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa> – Place of discovery: Himalaya Mine, Mesa Grande, California, USA","Raimond Spekking",5251,3938,{"id":894,"source_url":895,"license_code":499,"credit_html":896,"title":897,"description":898,"author":899,"original_width":512,"original_height":900},77530,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=2463171","Elke Wetzig (Elya), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=2463171\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Turmalin (Elbait) mit Albit.jpg","Rubellite, red variety of Elbaite (Tourmaline group) with Albite - Locality: Himalaya Mine, Pala, California, USA - Exposed in the \"Museum für Naturkunde\", Berlin, Germany","Elke Wetzig (Elya)",1168,{"id":902,"source_url":903,"license_code":509,"credit_html":904,"title":905,"description":906,"author":907,"original_width":908,"original_height":909},77545,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132780827","Eric Polk, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132780827\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite var rubellite NHMLA.png","Sample of rubellite collected from Alta Ligonha, Mozambique.  On display at the Natural History Museum of Los Angles County, Los Angeles, California, USA.","Eric Polk",1139,3077,{"id":911,"source_url":912,"license_code":509,"credit_html":913,"title":914,"description":915,"author":907,"original_width":916,"original_height":917},77546,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132854436","Eric Polk, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132854436\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite var rubellite NHMLA 2.png","Sample of rubellite collected from Alta Ligonha, Mozambique. On display at the Natural History Museum of Los Angles County, Los Angeles, California, USA.",1661,3065,{"id":919,"source_url":920,"license_code":499,"credit_html":921,"title":922,"description":923,"author":503,"original_width":505,"original_height":924},80766,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453760","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453760\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Albite-Elbaite-Stibiotantalite-mun05-174a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Albite\">Albite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FStibiotantalite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Stibiotantalite\">Stibiotantalite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Darra-i-Pech (Pech; Peech; Darra-e-Pech) Pegmatite Field, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNangarhar_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nangarhar Province\">Nangarhar (Ningarhar) Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Afghanistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5564.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.3 x 6.4 x 2.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Indicolite with Stibiotantalite and Albite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This specimen brings together two of the rarer members of a complex pegmatite association of minerals. A navy blue crystal core of elbaite var, indicolite morphed into a city scape of pastel blue, translucent, pyramidal, terminations. Flanking the indicolite is an acicular spray of snow white albite and a complex crystal of very lustrous, golden-brown, stibiotantalite that even emits red highlights, The indicolite measures 3.0 cm in length and the stibiotantalite is 2.5 cm across. This is truly, a fine and rare combo specimen.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",480,{"id":926,"source_url":927,"license_code":499,"credit_html":928,"title":929,"description":923,"author":503,"original_width":554,"original_height":930},80767,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453761","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453761\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Albite-Elbaite-Stibiotantalite-mun05-174b.jpg",312,{"id":932,"source_url":933,"license_code":499,"credit_html":934,"title":935,"description":936,"author":503,"original_width":505,"original_height":937},83525,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10170613","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10170613\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Elbaite-Quartz-Lepidolite-270175.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FElbaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Elbaite\">Elbaite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLepidolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lepidolite\">Lepidolite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Himalaya Mine (Himalaya pegmatite; Himalaya dikes), Gem Hill, Mesa Grande District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Diego_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Diego County, California\">San Diego County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3559.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.8 x 3.7 x 2.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An interesting and older combination specimen from the Himalaya Mine and the Robert Whitmore Collection. A gemmy and lustrous, well-striated, multi-hued green tourmaline crystal is very aesthetically accompanied by an angled, doubly terminated quartz crystal and a lavender lepidolite book. The tourmaline is doubly terminated. This classic Himalaya piece dates to the 1950 or 1960s.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",533,{"id":939,"source_url":940,"license_code":941,"credit_html":942,"title":943,"description":944,"author":945,"original_width":946,"original_height":947},85054,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=4343245","CC BY 3.0","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=4343245\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Turmalingruppe-Elbait-Verdelith - in Quarz aus Brasilien.JPG","Group Tourmaline - Elbaite, variety Verdelite in Quartz, from Brazil","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike)",1655,1703,{"id":949,"source_url":950,"license_code":941,"credit_html":951,"title":952,"description":944,"author":945,"original_width":953,"original_height":954},85055,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=4343283","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=4343283\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Turmalingruppe-Elbait-Verdelith - in Quarz aus Brasilien1.JPG",1282,1635,[956,962,968,973,979],{"id":957,"url":958,"label":959,"formula":960,"spacegroup":961,"year":484},4053,"\u002Fcif\u002F4053.cif","Bosi 2025","Na2.13 Ca.03 Al23.31 Li3.483 Mn.18 Fe.027 Si17.82 B9.18 O92.31 F.69 H17.44","R 3 m",{"id":963,"url":964,"label":965,"formula":966,"spacegroup":961,"year":967},4054,"\u002Fcif\u002F4054.cif","Vereshchagin 2013 · Na.9 Ca.03 Al7.65 Li.75 Cu.348 Zn.342 Mn.18 Fe.03 Si5.7 B3 O30.8 F.06 H6","Na.9 Ca.03 Al7.65 Li.75 Cu.348 Zn.342 Mn.18 Fe.03 Si5.7 B3 O30.8 F.06 H6",2013,{"id":969,"url":970,"label":971,"formula":972,"spacegroup":961,"year":967},4055,"\u002Fcif\u002F4055.cif","Vereshchagin 2013 · Na.65 Ca.09 Al7.74 Li1.08 Mn.3 Cu.18 Si5.7 B3 O30.82 F.06 H3","Na.65 Ca.09 Al7.74 Li1.08 Mn.3 Cu.18 Si5.7 B3 O30.82 F.06 H3",{"id":974,"url":975,"label":976,"formula":977,"spacegroup":961,"year":978},4056,"\u002Fcif\u002F4056.cif","Diego 2012","Na.73 Ca.06 Al7.23 Li1.02 Fe.42 Mn.18 Mg.06 B3 Si6 H3.46 F.54 O30.46",2012,{"id":980,"url":981,"label":982,"formula":983,"spacegroup":961,"year":447},4058,"\u002Fcif\u002F4058.cif","Ertl 2008","Na.53 Ca.09 Al8.001 Li.9 Mn.09 Fe.009 B3.39 Si5.61 O31 H6.6",[985,986],"Elbaite (of Vernadsky)","Lithia Tourmaline",[988,992,996,1000,1004,1008,1012,1016,1020,1024,1027,1030,1036,1040,1044,1048,1052,1055,1059,1062,1065,1068,1072,1075,1079,1082,1085],{"lang":989,"names":990},"ca",[991],"elbaïta",{"lang":993,"names":994},"cs",[995],"elbait",{"lang":997,"names":998},"de",[999],"Elbait",{"lang":1001,"names":1002},"es",[1003],"elbaíta",{"lang":1005,"names":1006},"et",[1007],"elbaiit",{"lang":1009,"names":1010},"eu",[1011],"Elbaïta",{"lang":1013,"names":1014},"fa",[1015],"البائیت",{"lang":1017,"names":1018},"fr",[1019],"elbaïte",{"lang":1021,"names":1022},"gl",[1023],"Elbaíta",{"lang":1025,"names":1026},"hr",[999],{"lang":1028,"names":1029},"it",[7],{"lang":1031,"names":1032},"ja",[1033,1034,1035],"エルバアイト","リシア電気石","リチア電気石",{"lang":1037,"names":1038},"ky",[1039],"Эльбаит",{"lang":1041,"names":1042},"mk",[1043],"елбаит",{"lang":1045,"names":1046},"nb",[1047],"elbaitt",{"lang":1049,"names":1050},"nl",[1051],"elbaiet",{"lang":1053,"names":1054},"pl",[999],{"lang":1056,"names":1057},"pt",[1023,1058],"elbaíte",{"lang":1060,"names":1061},"ru",[1039],{"lang":1063,"names":1064},"sr",[999,1043],{"lang":1066,"names":1067},"sv",[999],{"lang":1069,"names":1070},"uk",[1071],"Ельбаїт",{"lang":1073,"names":1074},"vi",[999],{"lang":1076,"names":1077},"zh",[1078],"锂电气石",{"lang":1080,"names":1081},"zh-cn",[1078],{"lang":1083,"names":1084},"zh-hans",[1078],{"lang":1086,"names":1087},"zh-hant",[1088],"鋰電氣石","Q1920794",{"history":1091,"applications":1095},{"markdown":1092,"model_version":1093,"prompt_version":1094,"reviewed_at":11},"Long before elbaite was distinguished as a species, Europe knew the broader tourmaline group as a curiosity from Ceylon. From the 18th century onward, crystals carried home by Dutch traders were called the *Ceylonese Magnet* — heat one in an ash fire and it first attracted ash to itself, then pushed it away[1]. The behaviour is real: it is the pyroelectric effect, the build-up of electric charge on a crystal as its temperature changes. Elbaite shares that property with every other tourmaline species.\n\nThe species itself takes its name from the small Italian island of Elba, off the Tuscan coast, where lithium-rich tourmalines had been turning up for decades. The Russian mineralogist Vladimir Vernadsky proposed the name *Elbait* — sodium-, lithium- and aluminium-rich tourmaline from Elba — and gave the species its modern identity[2]. The mineral is recorded as originally discovered there in 1913[2].\n\nOnce elbaite was named, its colour varieties moved quickly into the gem trade under names that are still in use. **Rubellite** covers the red and pinkish-red stones[3]. **Indicolite** is the light-blue to bluish-green variety, classically from Brazil[3]. **Verdelite** is green, also a Brazilian gem-trade name[3]. **Watermelon tourmaline** is the zoned crystal with a pink core and a green outer rim — the colour change visible end-to-end in a single sliced section[3]. Each of these is elbaite at the species level; the name on the dealer's label tracks the colour, not a separate mineral.\n\nThe most consequential moment in the species' modern history happened in 1989. The Brazilian prospector **Heitor Dimas Barbosa**, working in the village of São José da Batalha in Paraíba state, brought to the surface a tourmaline of a blue-to-green saturation no one had seen before[4]. Gem laboratories soon established that the colour came from copper substituting into the crystal — these were elbaite tourmalines coloured by copper, and the trade adopted the locality name *Paraíba tourmaline* for the type[4]. Prices for the best Brazilian stones rose past twenty thousand US dollars per carat[4]. In 2000, copper-bearing tourmalines were found in Nigeria; not long after, similar material emerged from Mozambique[4]. Both African sources are now sold under the *Paraíba* trade name, though Brazilian stones still command a premium for the depth of their colour.","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":1096,"model_version":1093,"prompt_version":1094,"reviewed_at":11},"Elbaite's modern role is almost entirely a **gemstone** one[1]. The species is the source of the most-collected tourmaline gems on the market: rubellite, indicolite, verdelite, watermelon tourmaline and the copper-bearing Paraíba type — all of them elbaite at the level of mineralogical species, separated only by colour and the trace elements that produce it[2]. Rough crystals are faceted for jewellery or cut as cabochons; the most desirable specimens combine clean transparency, depth of colour, and crystals large enough to yield a stone of useful size.\n\nA small share of elbaite carries acicular inclusions — needle-shaped tubes or fibres aligned along the crystal's length — that produce a cat's-eye effect when the stone is cut as a domed cabochon[1]. Such stones are sold as **tourmaline cat's-eye** and trade as a specialist variety within the gem market.\n\nBeyond cut stones, elbaite has no commodity-scale industrial use. Single crystals and small clusters circulate among collectors, museum cabinets and research collections, where they are valued for the species' colour range and the textbook examples of elemental zoning that watermelon and bicoloured crystals offer."]