[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1393":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":22,"key_elements":11,"impurities":23,"cim":24,"ima_status":25,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":28,"strunz10ed1":29,"strunz10ed2":30,"strunz10ed3":31,"strunz10ed4":32,"dana8ed1":33,"dana8ed2":34,"dana8ed3":35,"dana8ed4":36,"csystem":37,"cclass":38,"spacegroup":39,"spacegroupset":40,"a":41,"b":42,"c":43,"alpha":40,"beta":40,"gamma":40,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":44,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":45,"tranglide":46,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":47,"morphology":48,"tlform":11,"hmin":49,"hmax":50,"hardtype":51,"vhnmin":40,"vhnmax":40,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":52,"dmeas2":53,"dcalc":54,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":55,"lustre":56,"lustretype":57,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":58,"streak":59,"colour":60,"commentcolor":61,"colors":62,"streak_colors":68,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":69,"cleavagetype":70,"fracturetype":71,"tenacity":72,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":73,"opticalsign":74,"opticalalpha":75,"opticalalpha2":40,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":76,"opticalbeta2":40,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":77,"opticalgamma2":40,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":40,"opticalomega2":40,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":40,"opticalepsilon2":40,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":40,"opticaln2":40,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":78,"optical2vcalc2":40,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":79,"optical2vmeasured2":40,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":80,"rimax":81,"opticaldispersion":82,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":83,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":84,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":85,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":86,"aboutname":87,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":88,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":89,"group_members":90,"associates":107,"confused_with":229,"type_localities":230,"occurrence_total":237,"citations":238,"images":473,"structures":559,"synonyms":588,"language_names":612,"wikidata_qid":755,"texts":756},1393,"1:1:1393:8","b89e6f5a-e948-4a1d-8faa-cfd8a63a2d67","Epsomite","Esm",0,"mineral",null,39619,1298,false,"MgSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Mg(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[18,19,20,21],"Mg","O","S","H",[18,19,20,21],",Ni,Fe,Co,Mn,Zn,,","25.3.6",[26,27],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1806","7","C","B","40","29","6","11","1","Orthorhombic",7,44,"0","11.86","11.99","6.858",4,"On {110}, rare.","T{110}, t[1_10] ?; T{100}, t[0_10] ?; T{011}, t[011] ?; T{101}, t[_101] ?.","Oriented overgrowths with zinc (Goslarite) and nickel (Morenosite) analogues. Also on Muscovite with Epsomite {100} or {110} parallel Muscovite {001} and Epsomite [001] parallel to Muscovite [120], [310], [150], [1_20], [3_10], [1_50].","Crystals rare, usually as fibrous to acicular crusts, fibers elongated [001]; may be in botryoidal masses or stalactic; wooly efflorescences. Artificial crystals short prismatic [001] to equant.",2,2.5,3,"1.675","1.679","1.678","Measured on artificial material.","Vitreous, silky, earthy","Vitreous,Silky,Earthy","Transparent,Translucent","White","White, grey, colourless, or pink, greenish; colourless in transmitted light.","Pink = cobaltoan; greenish = nickelian.",[63,64,65,66,67],"white","gray","colorless","pink","green",[63],"Perfect on {010}, distinct on {101}.","Perfect","Conchoidal","fragile","Biaxial","-","1.433","1.455","1.461","54","52",1.433,1.461,"none","X = a; Y = c; Z = b.","Diamagnetic","Typically found growing as efflorescences in sheltered spots on outcrops of dolomitic or calcareous rocks; often found growing on the walls of caves and in salt lake deposits; also often found growing on the walls of coal and metal mines, including on wooden supports and abandoned equipment.","Epsomite Group;  Epsomite-Morenosite Series; Epsomite-Goslarite Series.\r\n\r\nA complete series exists to Morenosite and to Goslarite.\r\n\r\nUsually found as crusts, delicate efflorescences, or botryoidal masses of tiny fibrous to acicular crystals, its colo...","Named in 1806 by Jean-Claude Delamétherie for the type locality at Epsom, Surrey, England.","2026-05-05 19:06:21",[],[91,99],{"id":92,"name":93,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":94,"mindat_formula":95,"hmin":49,"hmax":50,"dmeas":96,"dcalc":97,"primary_image_id":98},1731,"Goslarite","Zn(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","ZnSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·7H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.978","1.94",10274,{"id":100,"name":101,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":102,"mindat_formula":103,"hmin":49,"hmax":50,"dmeas":104,"dcalc":105,"primary_image_id":106},2782,"Morenosite","Ni(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 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5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>·17H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",1.5,"1.732",29065,{"id":128,"name":129,"entrytype":9,"csystem":111,"ima_formula":130,"mindat_formula":131,"hmin":124,"hmax":49,"dmeas":132,"dcalc":133,"primary_image_id":134},281,"Apjohnite","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·22H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.78","1.836",1665,{"id":136,"name":137,"entrytype":9,"csystem":138,"ima_formula":139,"mindat_formula":140,"hmin":49,"hmax":50,"dmeas":141,"dcalc":142,"primary_image_id":143},1544,"Fibroferrite","Trigonal","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH) · 5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)·5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.84","1.996",8890,{"id":145,"name":146,"entrytype":9,"csystem":111,"ima_formula":147,"mindat_formula":148,"hmin":49,"hmax":50,"dmeas":149,"dcalc":150,"primary_image_id":151},1891,"Hexahydrite","Mg(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Mg(H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","1.757","1.745",11349,{"id":153,"name":154,"entrytype":9,"csystem":111,"ima_formula":155,"mindat_formula":156,"hmin":157,"hmax":157,"dmeas":158,"dcalc":158,"primary_image_id":159},2204,"Kieserite","Mg(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","MgSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",3.5,"2.571",13302,{"id":161,"name":162,"entrytype":9,"csystem":111,"ima_formula":163,"mindat_formula":164,"hmin":50,"hmax":50,"dmeas":165,"dcalc":166,"primary_image_id":167},2251,"Konyaite","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.088","2.097",13555,{"id":169,"name":170,"entrytype":9,"csystem":138,"ima_formula":171,"mindat_formula":172,"hmin":50,"hmax":51,"dmeas":173,"dcalc":174,"primary_image_id":175},2463,"Löweite","Na\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub> · 15H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub>·15H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.374","2.35",14774,{"id":177,"name":178,"entrytype":9,"csystem":111,"ima_formula":179,"mindat_formula":180,"hmin":124,"hmax":50,"dmeas":181,"dcalc":182,"primary_image_id":183},2725,"Mirabilite","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","1.464","1.467",30201,{"id":185,"name":186,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":187,"mindat_formula":188,"hmin":49,"hmax":49,"dmeas":40,"dcalc":189,"primary_image_id":190},2917,"Niter","K(NO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","KNO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.11",30350,{"id":192,"name":193,"entrytype":9,"csystem":138,"ima_formula":194,"mindat_formula":195,"hmin":124,"hmax":49,"dmeas":40,"dcalc":40,"primary_image_id":196},2916,"Nitratine","Na(NO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","NaNO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",17754,{"id":198,"name":199,"entrytype":9,"csystem":121,"ima_formula":200,"mindat_formula":201,"hmin":49,"hmax":51,"dmeas":202,"dcalc":203,"primary_image_id":204},3460,"Rossite","Ca(VO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca(VO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H2O","2.45","2.42",21172,{"id":206,"name":207,"entrytype":9,"csystem":111,"ima_formula":208,"mindat_formula":209,"hmin":49,"hmax":51,"dmeas":210,"dcalc":211,"primary_image_id":212},3469,"Rozenite","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","FeSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.293","2.29",21251,{"id":214,"name":215,"entrytype":9,"csystem":111,"ima_formula":216,"mindat_formula":217,"hmin":51,"hmax":51,"dmeas":218,"dcalc":219,"primary_image_id":220},3878,"Tamarugite","NaAl(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","NaAl(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.06","2.066",30794,{"id":222,"name":223,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":224,"mindat_formula":225,"hmin":50,"hmax":51,"dmeas":226,"dcalc":227,"primary_image_id":228},3935,"Thénardite","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.664","2.674",30823,[],[231],{"id":232,"txt":233,"latitude":234,"longitude":235,"country":236},1624,"Epsom Spa, Epsom and Ewell, Surrey, England, UK",51.327335,-0.291464,"UK",462,[239,243,247,250,254,258,262,266,270,274,278,282,285,289,293,297,301,305,308,313,317,321,324,328,332,336,339,343,347,351,354,357,361,365,369,373,377,381,385,388,393,397,400,403,407,410,414,418,421,425,429,434,438,442,447,451,455,460,464,469],{"id":240,"year":241,"html":242,"doi":11},16108495,1721,"Hermann (1721) De Sale nativo cathartico in fodinis Hungariae recens invento, Posonii (as Sal nativum catharticum).",{"id":244,"year":245,"html":246,"doi":11},16108496,1747,"Wallerius, J.G. (1747) Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket. Stockholm: 184 (as Sal neutrum acidulare).",{"id":248,"year":245,"html":249,"doi":11},16108497,"Wallerius, J.G. (1747) Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket. Stockholm: 184 (as Sal Anglicanum).",{"id":251,"year":252,"html":253,"doi":11},16108498,1753,"Wallerius, J.G. (1753) French edition of “Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket.” 2 volumes, Paris: 1: 339 (as Sel d'Epsom).",{"id":255,"year":256,"html":257,"doi":11},16108499,1761,"Scopoli (1761) De Hydrarg. Idriense Tent., Venet (as Halotrichum).",{"id":259,"year":260,"html":261,"doi":11},18289525,1802,"Klaproth, M. H. (1802) LXXXII. Untersuchung des Haarsalzes v. Idria. In \u003Ci>Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 3. Rottmann. p.104-106.",{"id":263,"year":264,"html":265,"doi":11},16108501,1823,"Brooke, H.J. (1823) On the crystalline forms of artificial salts. The Annals of Philosophy: 5\u002F6: 449-452,38-43,117-121,374-375 (40).",{"id":267,"year":268,"html":269,"doi":11},19587075,1824,"Beudant, François-Sulpice (1824) \u003Ci>Traité élémentaire de minéralogie. (Première Edition)) [Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy. (First Edition)]\u003C\u002Fi>. Chez Verdière.",{"id":271,"year":272,"html":273,"doi":11},16108503,1852,"Miller (1852): 546.",{"id":275,"year":276,"html":277,"doi":11},16108504,1854,"Rammelsberg (1854) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 91: 324.",{"id":279,"year":280,"html":281,"doi":11},16108505,1874,"Krause, G. (1874) Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaften, Halle: 44: 554 (as Reichardtit).",{"id":283,"year":280,"html":284,"doi":11},16108506,"Krause, G. (1874) Reichardtit neues Mineral von Stassfurt. Archiv Pharm.: 5: 423. (as Reichardtit)",{"id":286,"year":287,"html":288,"doi":11},16108507,1875,"Krause, G. (1875) Reichardtit neues Mineral von Stassfurt. Archiv Pharm.: 6: 41-45. (as Reichardtit)",{"id":290,"year":291,"html":292,"doi":11},16108508,1878,"Dufet, H. (1878) Sur la variation des indices de réfraction dans des mélanges de sels isomorphes. Bulletin de la Société Minéralogique de France: 1: 58-62.",{"id":294,"year":295,"html":296,"doi":11},16108509,1880,"Dufet, H. (1880) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 3: 180.",{"id":298,"year":299,"html":300,"doi":11},16108510,1885,"Blasius (1885) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 10: 227.",{"id":302,"year":303,"html":304,"doi":11},16108511,1889,"Dufet, H. (1889)  Sur la variation de forme cristalline dans des mélanges isomorphes. Sulfates de zinc et de magnésie. Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 12: 22-31.",{"id":306,"year":303,"html":307,"doi":11},16108512,"Retgers, J.W. (1889) Das spezifische gewicht isomorpher mischungen. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, Leipzig, Berlin: 3: 497-560 (534-547).",{"id":309,"year":310,"html":311,"doi":312},102023,1892,"Milch, L. (1892) Ueber Epsomitkrystalle von Stassfurt-Leopoldshall. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  20 (1-6). 221-224 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1892.20.1.221'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1892.20.1.221\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1892.20.1.221",{"id":314,"year":315,"html":316,"doi":11},16108513,1893,"Brunlechner (1893) Jahrbuch Nat. Land.-Mus. Klagenfurt: 22: 192 (as Seelandite).",{"id":318,"year":319,"html":320,"doi":11},16108514,1895,"Borel, G.-A. (1895) Sur la réfraction et la dispersion des radiations ultra-violette dans quelques substances cristallisées. Archives des Sciences Physique et naturelles de Gèneve [3]: 34: 134-157 and 230-249.",{"id":322,"year":319,"html":323,"doi":11},16108515,"Retgers, J.W. (1895) Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, Leipzig, Berlin: 16: 580.",{"id":325,"year":326,"html":327,"doi":11},16108516,1907,"Johnsen (1907) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart, Beil.-Bd.: 23: 315.",{"id":329,"year":330,"html":331,"doi":11},17557086,1908,"Groth, P. (1908) \u003Ci>Chemische Krystallographie\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 2. Wilhem Engelmann. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fchemischekrystal02grotuoft\u002Fchemischekrystal02grotuoft.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":333,"year":334,"html":335,"doi":11},7367189,1910,"Lacroix, A. (1910) \u003Ci>Minéralogie de la France et de ses colonies\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 4. Library Polytechnique, Paris. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org\u002Fitempdf\u002F225322' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":337,"year":334,"html":338,"doi":11},16108519,"Tenne and Calderón (1910): 2: 235.",{"id":340,"year":341,"html":342,"doi":11},16108520,1913,"Gaudefroy (1913) Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 157: 61.",{"id":344,"year":345,"html":346,"doi":11},16108521,1914,"Eyermann (1914) cited in Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 54: 100.",{"id":348,"year":349,"html":350,"doi":11},16108522,1915,"Johnsen (1915) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Stuttgart: 33, 289.",{"id":352,"year":349,"html":353,"doi":11},16108523,"Merwin (1915) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 55: 113.",{"id":355,"year":349,"html":356,"doi":11},16108524,"Zsivny (1915) Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hungar.: 13: 577.",{"id":358,"year":359,"html":360,"doi":11},4468625,1916,"(1916) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 3 - Text - Band III - Danalith-Feldspat-Gruppe. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":362,"year":363,"html":364,"doi":11},16108526,1918,"Jenkins, O.P. (1918) Spotted lakes of epsomite in Washington and British Columbia. American Journal of Science: 46: 638-644.",{"id":366,"year":367,"html":368,"doi":11},16108527,1921,"Walker, T.L. (1921) Epsomite lakes near Ashcroft, B.C., in \u003Ci>Contributions to Canadian Mineralogy 1921\u003C\u002Fi>. \u003Ci>University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series 12\u003C\u002Fi>, University of Toronto Press. 43-44",{"id":370,"year":371,"html":372,"doi":11},16108528,1922,"Longchambon (1922) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 45: 238.",{"id":374,"year":375,"html":376,"doi":11},16108529,1923,"Mellor, J.W. (1923) A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. 16 volumes, London: 4: 329.",{"id":378,"year":379,"html":380,"doi":11},16108530,1925,"Onorato, G.M. (1925) Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Att.: [6]: 2: 204.",{"id":382,"year":383,"html":384,"doi":11},16103147,1926,"Westenbrink (1926) Proceedings of the Academy of Science Amsterdam: 29: 1223.",{"id":386,"year":383,"html":387,"doi":11},16108531,"Cardoso, G.M. (1926) Feinbauliche untersuchungen am Epsomit. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 63: 19-33.",{"id":389,"year":390,"html":391,"doi":392},1185400,1928,"Blasdale, Walter C., Robson, Homer L. (1928) The system water and the sulfates of sodium and magnesium. \u003Ci>Journal Of The American Chemical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  50 (1). 35-46 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fja01388a006'>doi:10.1021\u002Fja01388a006\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Fja01388a006",{"id":394,"year":395,"html":396,"doi":11},16108533,1929,"Hintze, Carl (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1[3B]: 4346.",{"id":398,"year":395,"html":399,"doi":11},16108534,"Mahl (1929) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart, Beil.-Bd.: 59: 273.",{"id":401,"year":395,"html":402,"doi":11},16108535,"Shannon, E.V. (1929) Tschermigite, ammoniojarosite, epsomite, celestite, and paligorskite from Southern Utah. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum: 74, Art. 13: 1-12.",{"id":404,"year":405,"html":406,"doi":11},16108536,1930,"Kokta (1930) Příroda, Brno: 32: 381.",{"id":408,"year":405,"html":409,"doi":11},16108537,"Porter (1930) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 75: 288.",{"id":411,"year":412,"html":413,"doi":11},16108538,1931,"Hey, M.H. (1931) On Pink Epsomites and Fauserite. Mineralogical Magazine: 22: 510-518.",{"id":415,"year":416,"html":417,"doi":11},16108540,1932,"Royer (1932) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Stuttgart: 194: 1088.",{"id":419,"year":416,"html":420,"doi":11},16108541,"Vavrinecz (1932) Magyar Chemiai Folyóirat: 38: 140.",{"id":422,"year":416,"html":423,"doi":424},2170815,"BARNES, WILLIAM H., HUNTER, R. G. (1932) Confirmation of the Space-Group of Epsomite. \u003Ci>Nature\u003C\u002Fi>, 130 (3272). 96 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002F130096a0'>doi:10.1038\u002F130096a0\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1038\u002F130096a0",{"id":426,"year":427,"html":428,"doi":11},16108542,1933,"Smythe (1933) The Vasculum, Newcastle-on-Tyne: 19: 12 (Min. Abs.: 5: 283).",{"id":430,"year":431,"html":432,"doi":433},233820,1938,"Milton, Charles, Johnston, William Drum (1938) Sulphate minerals of the Comstock Lode, Nevada. \u003Ci>Economic Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  33 (7) 749-771 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.33.7.749'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.33.7.749\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.33.7.749",{"id":435,"year":436,"html":437,"doi":11},16108544,1944,"Mélon (1944) Annales Société géologique de Belgique, Liége: 67: B56.",{"id":439,"year":440,"html":441,"doi":11},521716,1947,"Hutton, C. Osborne (1947) Nickelian epsomite from north Auckland, New Zealand. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  32 (9-10) 553-560 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM32\u002FAM32_553.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":443,"year":444,"html":445,"doi":446},1051390,1948,"Zirkl, E. J. (1948) Epsomitkristalle aus dem Hallstätter Salzlager. \u003Ci>Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen\u003C\u002Fi>,  1 (2) 185-187 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf01120834'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf01120834\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf01120834",{"id":448,"year":449,"html":450,"doi":11},15936076,1950,"Meixner, H. (1950): Der Karinthin 11: 242-252.",{"id":452,"year":453,"html":454,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":456,"year":457,"html":458,"doi":459},16590591,1964,"Kohler, K.; Zäske, P. (1964) Beiträge zur Thermochemie der Hydrate. II. Der thermische Abbau von MgSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·7 H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O, NiSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·7 H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O, ZnSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·7 H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie\u003C\u002Fi>,  331 (1-2). p.1-6. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fzaac.19643310102'>doi:10.1002\u002Fzaac.19643310102\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fzaac.19643310102",{"id":461,"year":457,"html":462,"doi":463},618526,"Baur, W. H. (1964) On the crystal chemistry of salt hydrates. IV. The refinement of the crystal structure of MgSO4.7H2O (epsomite). \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  17 (11). 1361-1369 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x64003449'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x64003449\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x64003449",{"id":465,"year":466,"html":467,"doi":468},12664410,1981,"Phadnis, A.B., Deshpande, V.V. (1981) On the dehydration of MgSO4 · 7 H2O. \u003Ci>Thermochimica Acta\u003C\u002Fi>, 43. 249-250 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0040-6031(81)80016-0'>doi:10.1016\u002F0040-6031(81)80016-0\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0040-6031(81)80016-0",{"id":470,"year":466,"html":471,"doi":472},2752729,"Kumar, C., Erstrin, J., Youngquist, G.R. (1981) Crystal growth under nonuniform conditions; Experimental observations in MgSO4·7 H2O-water system. \u003Ci>Journal of Crystal Growth\u003C\u002Fi>, 54 (2). 176-184 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0022-0248(81)90458-9'>doi:10.1016\u002F0022-0248(81)90458-9\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0022-0248(81)90458-9",[474,481,486,492,501,510,519,527,536,545,550],{"id":475,"source_url":476,"license_code":477,"credit_html":478,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":479,"original_height":480},29669,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F91947","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F91947\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,749,{"id":482,"source_url":483,"license_code":477,"credit_html":484,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":479,"original_height":485},29670,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65298","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65298\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",400,{"id":487,"source_url":488,"license_code":489,"credit_html":490,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":479,"original_height":491},29671,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F119338","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F119338\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",666,{"id":493,"source_url":494,"license_code":477,"credit_html":495,"title":496,"description":497,"author":498,"original_width":499,"original_height":500},7935,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=77465001","Manuel Pina L, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=77465001\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Epsomita 02.jpg","Cristales aciculares de epsomita - Cueva de la Llave de Catatayud (Zaragoza, España).","Manuel Pina L",3648,2736,{"id":502,"source_url":503,"license_code":477,"credit_html":504,"title":505,"description":506,"author":507,"original_width":508,"original_height":509},53605,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82985357","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82985357\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 182316 photo (g28 g28-255 1 jpg).jpg","\"epsomiit\", \"epsomiit\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F91947\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F182316\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>","Mai Seppel",3307,2480,{"id":511,"source_url":512,"license_code":477,"credit_html":513,"title":514,"description":515,"author":516,"original_width":517,"original_height":518},53609,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=111155170","Daemon Canchig, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=111155170\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cristales de sulfato de magnesio y alumbre de potasio. Epsomita + Alumbre de potasio.jpg","Estos cristales creados artificialmente son sulfato de magnesio y alumbre de potasio. El sulfato de magnesio es el prioritario en la roca y se ubica en la parte inferior de la roca, con formas de prisma, de 0'5 a 0'7mm de largo. Los cristales de alumbre de potasio están ubicados en la parte superior y son pequeños círculos agrupados en colonias, semejantes a estafilococos. En la parte superior derecha hay dos cristales con forma de rombo, pequeños, esos cristales también son alumbre de potasio.","Daemon Canchig",1024,768,{"id":520,"source_url":521,"license_code":477,"credit_html":522,"title":523,"description":524,"author":525,"original_width":479,"original_height":526},59112,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=74955740","Heiko4, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=74955740\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Magnesiumsulfat-Heptahydrat, rhombisch.jpg","Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, rhombic, microscopic image in polarized light","Heiko4",667,{"id":363,"source_url":528,"license_code":529,"credit_html":530,"title":531,"description":532,"author":533,"original_width":534,"original_height":535},"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8874679","CC BY-SA 3.0","WTucker (talk), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8874679\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Epsomite.jpg","Epsomite in a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNew_Mexico\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:New Mexico\">New Mexico\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fcave\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:cave\">cave\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cbr>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCategory:Speleothems\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Category:Speleothems\">Category:Speleothems\u003C\u002Fa>","WTucker (talk)",1600,1200,{"id":371,"source_url":537,"license_code":538,"credit_html":539,"title":540,"description":541,"author":542,"original_width":543,"original_height":544},"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=148907420","Public domain","Scott E. Brueck, Duane R. Hammond, Leonard M. Zwack, Sarah Hatcher, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=148907420\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Epsomite cave cotton 1.jpg","White-colored translucent fibers on a wall of a former limestone quarry cavern in Ohio, being used as a storage warehouse for painted and sculptural artwork.\n\u003Cp>Facility staff referred to the fibers as \"cave cotton\" due to the texture and appearance of the fibers.  Atomic weight concentrations suggest that the mineral fiber contained a compound consisting of magnesium sulfate with formula MgSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>, referred to as epsomite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nThis photograph was taken during a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHealth_Hazard_Evaluation_Program\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Health Hazard Evaluation Program\">Health Hazard Evaluation\u003C\u002Fa>, a NIOSH program by which employees, union officials, or employers can request an evaluation of possible health hazards at their workplace at no cost to them.","Scott E. Brueck, Duane R. Hammond, Leonard M. Zwack, Sarah Hatcher",4000,3000,{"id":367,"source_url":546,"license_code":477,"credit_html":547,"title":548,"description":549,"author":498,"original_width":499,"original_height":500},"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=77465000","Manuel Pina L, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=77465000\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Epsomita 01.jpg","Cristales aciculares de epsomita - Cueva de la Llave de Calatayud (Zaragoza, España).",{"id":551,"source_url":552,"license_code":553,"credit_html":554,"title":555,"description":556,"author":557,"original_width":543,"original_height":558},10277,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118183547","CC BY-SA 2.0","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118183547\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cerussite with Barite, Halloysite, Epsomite, and Goslarite (48002848951).jpg","\u003Cp>East Tintic District\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nUtah, USA","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada",6000,[560,567,573,579,584],{"id":561,"url":562,"label":563,"formula":564,"spacegroup":565,"year":566},4212,"\u002Fcif\u002F4212.cif","Mauro 2019","(Mg.83 Fe.17) S O11 H14","P 21 21 21",2019,{"id":568,"url":569,"label":570,"formula":571,"spacegroup":565,"year":572},4213,"\u002Fcif\u002F4213.cif","Fortes 2006","Mg S O11 D14",2006,{"id":574,"url":575,"label":576,"formula":577,"spacegroup":565,"year":578},4214,"\u002Fcif\u002F4214.cif","Calleri 1984","Mg S O11 H14",1984,{"id":580,"url":581,"label":582,"formula":577,"spacegroup":565,"year":583},4215,"\u002Fcif\u002F4215.cif","Ferraris 1973",1973,{"id":585,"url":586,"label":587,"formula":577,"spacegroup":565,"year":457},4216,"\u002Fcif\u002F4216.cif","Baur 1964",[589,590,591,592,593,594,595,596,597,598,599,600,601,602,603,604,605,606,607,608,609,610,611],"Bitter Salts","Bittersalz","Epsom Salt","Epsomensis","Epsonit","Epsonita","Epsonite","Gletschersalz","Magnesia vitriolata","Reichardtit","Reichardtita","Reichardtite","Sal amarus","Sal Anglicanum","Sal Anglicus","Sal Catartica","Sal catharticum","Sal nativum catharticum","Sal neutrum acidulare","Seelandite","Seidlitzensis","Sel d'Epsom","Seydschützensis",[613,617,621,625,629,633,637,641,644,648,651,655,665,668,673,678,682,686,690,694,697,700,704,708,711,715,720,724,731,735,738,741,745,748,751],{"lang":614,"names":615},"af",[616],"Epsomiet",{"lang":618,"names":619},"ar",[620],"إبسوميت",{"lang":622,"names":623},"az",[624],"Epsomit",{"lang":626,"names":627},"ca",[628],"epsomita",{"lang":630,"names":631},"de",[590,624,632],"Magnesiumsulfat-Heptahydrat",{"lang":634,"names":635},"el",[636],"Επσομίτης",{"lang":638,"names":639},"eo",[640],"Epsomito",{"lang":642,"names":643},"es",[628],{"lang":645,"names":646},"et",[647],"epsomiit",{"lang":649,"names":650},"eu",[628],{"lang":652,"names":653},"fi",[654],"Epsomiitti",{"lang":656,"names":657},"fr",[658,659,660,661,662,663,664],"aromite","cobalto-épsomite","épsomite","fausérite","ferroepsomite","reichardite","seelandite",{"lang":666,"names":667},"gl",[628],{"lang":669,"names":670},"he",[671,672],"אפסומיט","מלח אפסום",{"lang":674,"names":675},"it",[7,676,677],"Sale amaro","Sale di Epsom",{"lang":679,"names":680},"ja",[681],"瀉利塩",{"lang":683,"names":684},"kk",[685],"Эпсомит",{"lang":687,"names":688},"kn",[689],"ಎಪ್ಸಮ್ ಲವಣ",{"lang":691,"names":692},"nb",[693],"epsomitt",{"lang":695,"names":696},"nl",[616],{"lang":698,"names":699},"nn",[693],{"lang":701,"names":702},"pl",[703],"epsomit",{"lang":705,"names":706},"pt",[628,707],"epsomite",{"lang":709,"names":710},"sl",[624],{"lang":712,"names":713},"sr",[714],"Епсомит",{"lang":716,"names":717},"ta",[718,719],"MgSO4•7H2O","எப்சோமைட்டு",{"lang":721,"names":722},"th",[723],"แอปซอไมต์",{"lang":725,"names":726},"uk",[727,728,729,730],"англійська сіль","епсоміт","епсомська сіль","сіль Епсома",{"lang":732,"names":733},"zh",[734],"泻利盐",{"lang":736,"names":737},"zh-cn",[734],{"lang":739,"names":740},"zh-hans",[734],{"lang":742,"names":743},"zh-hant",[744],"瀉利鹽",{"lang":746,"names":747},"zh-hk",[744],{"lang":749,"names":750},"zh-sg",[734],{"lang":752,"names":753},"zh-tw",[754,744],"七水鎂礬","Q411430",{"history":11,"applications":11}]