[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1411":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":19,"key_elements":20,"impurities":21,"cim":22,"ima_status":23,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":26,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":28,"dana8ed2":32,"dana8ed3":33,"dana8ed4":32,"csystem":34,"cclass":35,"spacegroup":36,"spacegroupset":37,"a":38,"b":39,"c":40,"alpha":39,"beta":39,"gamma":39,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":41,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":42,"tlform":43,"hmin":44,"hmax":45,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":39,"vhnmax":39,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":46,"dmeas2":46,"dcalc":47,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":48,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":49,"streak":50,"colour":51,"commentcolor":11,"colors":52,"streak_colors":56,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":11,"cleavagetype":11,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":11,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":39,"opticalalpha2":39,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":39,"opticalbeta2":39,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":39,"opticalgamma2":39,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":39,"opticalomega2":39,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":39,"opticalepsilon2":39,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":39,"opticaln2":39,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":39,"optical2vcalc2":39,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":39,"optical2vmeasured2":39,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":11,"rimax":11,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":57,"opticalpleochorismdesc":58,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":59,"opticalinternal":60,"opticaltropic":61,"opticalanisotropism":62,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":63,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":64,"aboutname":65,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":66,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":67,"group_members":68,"associates":96,"confused_with":104,"type_localities":105,"occurrence_total":110,"citations":111,"images":204,"structures":235,"synonyms":259,"language_names":261,"wikidata_qid":301,"texts":302},1411,"1:1:1411:9","5c65ff93-532d-4df6-a2e0-b703d0e27a72","Eskolaite","Esk",0,"mineral",null,29296,253,false,"Cr\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",[17,18],"Cr","O",[17,18],[17],",V,,","7.14.1",[24,25],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED",1958,"1958","4","C","B","05","3","1","Trigonal",13,98,"R-3c ","4.95","0","13.58",6,"\u003Cmi>Hexagonal prisms and plates. {11_20}, {0001},  {11_23}, {10_11}.\u003C\u002Fmi>","Well developed hexagonal prisms 1-5 mm.",8,8.5,"5.18","5.20","Vitreous","Translucent,Opaque","Pale Green","Black to dark green.",[53,54,55],"black","green","gray",[54],"Visible","In fragment \u002F grain edges emerald green to olive green.\r\nIn polished sections, not pleochroic.","Gray","Emerald green","Anisotropic","Strong","Chromium-bearing tremolite skarn.","Hematite Group. \r\nThe chromium analogue of Corundum, Hematite and Karelianite.","Named by Olavi Kouvo and Yrjö Vuorelained in 1958 in honor of Pentti Eelis Eskola (8 January 1883, Honkilahti, Finland – 6 December 1964, Helsinki, Finland), geologist at the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.  He did pioneering work on metamorphic rocks and won several international awards including the 1958 Wollaston medal.","2025-08-11 12:14:20",[],[69,77,85,91],{"id":70,"name":71,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":72,"mindat_formula":72,"hmin":73,"hmax":73,"dmeas":74,"dcalc":75,"primary_image_id":76},1136,"Corundum","Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",9,"3.98","3.997",6346,{"id":78,"name":79,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":80,"mindat_formula":80,"hmin":81,"hmax":41,"dmeas":82,"dcalc":83,"primary_image_id":84},1856,"Hematite","Fe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",5,"5.26","5.255",29858,{"id":86,"name":87,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":88,"mindat_formula":89,"hmin":44,"hmax":73,"dmeas":39,"dcalc":38,"primary_image_id":90},2158,"Karelianite","V\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","V\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",12973,{"id":92,"name":93,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":94,"mindat_formula":95,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},38695,"Tistarite","Ti\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","Ti\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",[97],{"id":98,"name":99,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":100,"mindat_formula":101,"hmin":102,"hmax":102,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":103,"primary_image_id":11},42725,"Oxy-chromium-dravite","NaCr\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cr\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O","NaCr\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Cr\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O ",7.5,"3.299",[],[106],{"id":107,"txt":108,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":109},6416,"Outokumpu mining district, North Karelia, Finland","Finland",36,[112,117,120,124,129,133,138,143,147,152,156,161,166,171,175,179,184,189,194,199],{"id":113,"year":114,"html":115,"doi":116},4457419,1834,"Rose, Gustav (1834) Ueber die Krystallform des Chromoxyds. \u003Ci>Annalen der Physik und Chemie\u003C\u002Fi>, 109. 344-348 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fandp.18341091709'>doi:10.1002\u002Fandp.18341091709\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fandp.18341091709",{"id":118,"year":26,"html":119,"doi":11},523126,"Kouvo, O., Vuorelainen, Y. (1958) Eskolaite, a new chromium mineral. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  43 (11-12) 1098-1106 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM43\u002FAM43_1098.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":121,"year":122,"html":123,"doi":11},523203,1959,"Fleischer, M. (1959) New Mineral Names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  44 (3-4). 464-470 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM44\u002FAM44_464.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":125,"year":126,"html":127,"doi":128},5806969,1960,"Graham, J. (1960) Lattice spacings and colour in the system alumina-chromic oxide. \u003Ci>Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids\u003C\u002Fi>, 17. 18-25 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0022-3697(60)90170-0'>doi:10.1016\u002F0022-3697(60)90170-0\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0022-3697(60)90170-0",{"id":130,"year":131,"html":132,"doi":11},523591,1961,"Tennyson, Christel (1961) The morphology of eskolaite, Cr2O3. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  46 (7-8) 998-1000 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM46\u002FAM46_998.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":134,"year":135,"html":136,"doi":137},106799,1962,"Newnham, R. E., de Haan, Y. M. (1962) Refinement of the α Al2O3, Ti2O3, V2O3 and Cr2O3 structures. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  117 (2). 235-237 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1962.117.2-3.235'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1962.117.2-3.235\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fzk\u002Fvol117\u002FZK117_235.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1962.117.2-3.235",{"id":139,"year":140,"html":141,"doi":142},107083,1964,"Saalfeld, H. (1964) Strukturuntersuchungen im System Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>–Cr\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  120 (4-5). 342-348 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1964.120.4-5.342'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1964.120.4-5.342\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fzk\u002Fvol120\u002FZK120_342.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1964.120.4-5.342",{"id":144,"year":145,"html":146,"doi":11},16103808,1976,"Milton, C., Appleman, D. E., Appleman, M. H., Chao, E. C. T., Cuttitta, F., Dinnin, J. I., Dwornik, E. J., Ingram, B. L. and Rose, H. J., Jr. (1976) Merumite, a complex assemblage of chromium minerals from Guyana. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 887: 1-29.",{"id":148,"year":149,"html":150,"doi":151},402827,1980,"Cassedanne, Jacques, Cassedanne, Jeannine O. (1980) Présence d'eskolaïte dans les alluvions stannifères de la Chapada Diamantina (Bahia-Brésil). \u003Ci>Bulletin de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fi>,  103 (6). 600-602 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1980.7426'>doi:10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1980.7426\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1980.7426",{"id":153,"year":149,"html":154,"doi":155},5005558,"Finger, Larry W., Hazen, Robert M. (1980) Crystal structure and isothermal compression of Fe2O3, Cr2O3, and V2O3 to 50 kbars. \u003Ci>Journal of Applied Physics\u003C\u002Fi>,  51 (10). 5362-5367 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1063\u002F1.327451'>doi:10.1063\u002F1.327451\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1063\u002F1.327451",{"id":157,"year":158,"html":159,"doi":160},13480682,1994,"Sawada, H. (1994) Residual electron density study of chromium sesquioxide by crystal structure and scattering factor refinement. \u003Ci>Materials Research Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi>,  29 (3). 239-245 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0025-5408(94)90019-1'>doi:10.1016\u002F0025-5408(94)90019-1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0025-5408(94)90019-1",{"id":162,"year":163,"html":164,"doi":165},13481372,1997,"Shibata, K., Yoshinaka, M., Hirota, K., Yamaguchi, O. (1997) Fabrication and mechanical properties of Cr2O3 solid solution ceramics in the system Cr2O3-Al2O3. \u003Ci>Materials Research Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi>,  32 (5). 627-632 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fs0025-5408(97)00015-9'>doi:10.1016\u002Fs0025-5408(97)00015-9\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fs0025-5408(97)00015-9",{"id":167,"year":168,"html":169,"doi":170},11880054,2000,"Rekhi, Sandeep, Dubrovinsky, Leonid S, Ahuja, Rajeev, Saxena, Surendra K, Johansson, Borje (2000) Experimental and theoretical investigations on eskolaite (Cr2O3) at high pressures. \u003Ci>Journal of Alloys and Compounds\u003C\u002Fi>, 302. 16-20 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fs0925-8388(00)00613-7'>doi:10.1016\u002Fs0925-8388(00)00613-7\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fs0925-8388(00)00613-7",{"id":172,"year":173,"html":174,"doi":11},16108656,2003,"Belokoneva, E.L., Shcherbakova, Y.K. (2003) Electron density in synthetic eskolaite Cr2O3 with a corundum structure and its relation to antiferromagnetic properties. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry: 48: 861-869. (Original: Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 48: 960-968)",{"id":176,"year":177,"html":178,"doi":11},16964160,2005,"(2005) Eskolaite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Feskolaite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":180,"year":181,"html":182,"doi":183},396009,2008,"Logvinova, A. M., Wirth, R., Sobolev, N. V., Seryotkin, Y. V., Yefimova, E. S., Floss, C., Taylor, L. A. (2008) Eskolaite associated with diamond from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia, Russia. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  93 (4) 685-690 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2008.2670'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2008.2670\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol93\u002FAM93_685.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2008.2670",{"id":185,"year":186,"html":187,"doi":188},16981648,2010,"Hill, Adrian H.; Harrison, Andrew; Dickinson, Calum; Zhou, Wuzong; Kockelmann, Winfried (2010) Crystallographic and magnetic studies of mesoporous eskolaite, Cr2O3. \u003Ci>Microporous and Mesoporous Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  130 (1). 280-286 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.micromeso.2009.11.021'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.micromeso.2009.11.021\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.micromeso.2009.11.021",{"id":190,"year":191,"html":192,"doi":193},396861,2012,"Kantor, A., Kantor, I., Merlini, M., Glazyrin, K., Prescher, C., Hanfland, M., Dubrovinsky, L. (2012) High-pressure structural studies of eskolaite by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  97 (10) 1764-1770 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2012.4103'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2012.4103\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2012.4103",{"id":195,"year":196,"html":197,"doi":198},591458,2013,"Wessel, C., Dronskowski, R. (2013) A first-principles study on chromium sesquioxide, Cr2O3. \u003Ci>Journal of Solid State Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  199. 149-153 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2012.12.019'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2012.12.019\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2012.12.019",{"id":200,"year":201,"html":202,"doi":203},65167,2014,"Alexandre, P., Peterson, R. C., Kyser, K., Layton-Matthews, D., Joy, B. (2014) High-Cr Minerals from the Matoush Uranium Deposit in the Otish Basin, Quebec, Canada. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  52 (1) 61-75 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.52.1.61'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.52.1.61\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.52.1.61",[205,215,225],{"id":206,"source_url":207,"license_code":208,"credit_html":209,"title":210,"description":211,"author":212,"original_width":213,"original_height":214},8069,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6966502","Public domain","Andrew Silver, USGS, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6966502\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Eskolaite.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEskolaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Eskolaite\">Eskolaite\u003C\u002Fa>. Pen for scale. Collected from Moscow, Russia, by Franklin S. Harris, 1929. Mineral collection of Bringham Young University Department of Geology, Provo, Utah. Photograph by Andrew Silver. BYU index 4-8046, Cr_2O_3.","Andrew Silver, USGS",700,443,{"id":216,"source_url":217,"license_code":218,"credit_html":219,"title":220,"description":221,"author":222,"original_width":223,"original_height":224},8072,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=70553557","CC BY-SA 4.0","David Hospital, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=70553557\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Guyanaite & Eskolaite.jpg","Brown crystal aggregates of the very rare chromium mineral guyanaite on a matrix of black eskolaite from the type locality for guyanaite: Merume River, Kamakusa, Mazaruni District, Guyana.","David Hospital",707,667,{"id":226,"source_url":227,"license_code":228,"credit_html":229,"title":230,"description":231,"author":232,"original_width":233,"original_height":234},8073,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118199388","CC BY-SA 2.0","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118199388\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Eskolaite with Pyrrhotite (48522683252).jpg","\u003Cp>Outokumpu Mine\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nOutukumpu, Finland","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada",6000,4000,[236,242,247,251,255],{"id":237,"url":238,"label":239,"formula":240,"spacegroup":241,"year":191},4249,"\u002Fcif\u002F4249.cif","Kantor 2012","Cr2 O3","R -3 c",{"id":243,"url":244,"label":245,"formula":246,"spacegroup":241,"year":181},4262,"\u002Fcif\u002F4262.cif","Logvinova 2008","(Cr1.702 Fe.122 Ti.076 Al.058 Mg.042) O3",{"id":248,"url":249,"label":250,"formula":240,"spacegroup":241,"year":173},4263,"\u002Fcif\u002F4263.cif","Belokoneva 2003",{"id":252,"url":253,"label":254,"formula":240,"spacegroup":241,"year":158},4264,"\u002Fcif\u002F4264.cif","Sawada 1994",{"id":256,"url":257,"label":258,"formula":240,"spacegroup":241,"year":149},4267,"\u002Fcif\u002F4267.cif","Finger 1980",[260],"Eskolaiet",[262,266,270,274,278,282,286,289,293,297],{"lang":263,"names":264},"ca",[265],"eskolaïta",{"lang":267,"names":268},"de",[269],"Eskolait",{"lang":271,"names":272},"es",[273],"Eskolaíta",{"lang":275,"names":276},"eu",[277],"Eskolaita",{"lang":279,"names":280},"fi",[281],"Eskolaiitti",{"lang":283,"names":284},"fr",[285],"Eskolaïte",{"lang":287,"names":288},"it",[7],{"lang":290,"names":291},"ja",[292],"エスコライト",{"lang":294,"names":295},"uk",[296],"Есколаїт",{"lang":298,"names":299},"zh",[300],"绿铬矿","Q3732995",{"history":11,"applications":11}]