[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1476":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":22,"impurities":23,"cim":24,"ima_status":25,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":28,"strunz10ed1":29,"strunz10ed2":30,"strunz10ed3":31,"strunz10ed4":32,"dana8ed1":33,"dana8ed2":34,"dana8ed3":34,"dana8ed4":35,"csystem":36,"cclass":37,"spacegroup":38,"spacegroupset":39,"a":40,"b":41,"c":42,"alpha":39,"beta":43,"gamma":39,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":44,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":45,"tranglide":11,"parting":46,"epitaxidescription":47,"morphology":48,"tlform":11,"hmin":49,"hmax":50,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":39,"vhnmax":39,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":51,"dmeas2":51,"dcalc":52,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":53,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":54,"streak":55,"colour":56,"commentcolor":11,"colors":57,"streak_colors":60,"luminescence":11,"uv":61,"cleavage":62,"cleavagetype":63,"fracturetype":64,"tenacity":65,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":66,"opticalsign":67,"opticalalpha":68,"opticalalpha2":39,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":69,"opticalbeta2":39,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":70,"opticalgamma2":39,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":39,"opticalomega2":39,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":39,"opticalepsilon2":39,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":39,"opticaln2":39,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":71,"optical2vcalc2":39,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":72,"optical2vmeasured2":39,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":73,"rimax":74,"opticaldispersion":75,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":76,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":77,"opticalinternal":78,"opticaltropic":79,"opticalanisotropism":80,"opticalbireflectance":76,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":81,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":82,"industrial":83,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":84,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":85,"aboutname":86,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":87,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":88,"group_members":93,"associates":133,"confused_with":203,"type_localities":204,"occurrence_total":211,"citations":212,"images":309,"structures":544,"synonyms":557,"language_names":562,"wikidata_qid":640,"texts":641},1476,"1:1:1476:8","8d7bdfe7-d20a-4013-9a01-0252181be69d","Ferberite","Feb",0,"mineral",null,39780,16057,false,"FeWO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(WO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",[18,19,20],"Fe","O","W",[18,19,20],[20],"Nb,Ta,Sc,Sn,,","27.4.14",[26,27],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1863","4","D","B","30","48","1","2","Monoclinic",5,12,"0","4.72","5.70","4.96","90",2,"Common with twin plane {100}, rarely {001}; simple contact twins with composition face (100) or, rarely (001); interpenetrant (simulating Carlsbad twins in orthoclase) or lamellar (very rare). Twin plane {023}, common, usually as simple contact twins, rarely as repeated twins or interpenetrating.","On {100} and {102}","Discrete crystals of fluorite on ferberite from \u003Cl id=4549>Yaogangxian mine, China\u003C\u002Fl> (White and Richards, 2010).","Crystals wedge-shaped, commonly flattened {100} and elongated [010] or, less commonly, along [001]. Crystal faces striated parallel {001} or {010}; as groups of bladed crystals; less often short prismatic [001] and flattened {100}. Massive.",4,4.5,"7.58","7.6","Metallic","Opaque","Brownish black to black","Black; dark brown in transmitted light",[58,59],"black","brown",[59,58],"Not fluorescent.","Perfect on {010}","Perfect","Sub-Conchoidal","brittle","Biaxial","+","2.255","2.305","2.414","72","66",2.255,2.414,"r > v extreme","Weak","Gray to white","Deep brownish red (less bright than Hübnerite)","Anisotropic","Distinct","(16.5,19.5) 400,\r\n(16.4,19.2) 420,\r\n(16.3,18.9) 440,\r\n(16.2,18.7) 460,\r\n(15.9,18.5) 480,\r\n(16.0,18.7) 500,\r\n(16.0,18.7) 520,\r\n(16.0,18.7) 540,\r\n(16.0,18.7) 560,\r\n(15.8,18.6) 580,\r\n(15.8,18.6) 600,\r\n(15.7,18.6) 620,\r\n(15.6,18.5) 640,\r\n(15.5,18.3) 660,\r\n(15.4,18.1) 680,\r\n(15.5,18.0) 700","Slightly magnetic. Decomposed by aqua regia with the separation of tungstic oxide.","Ore of tungsten.","High temperature hydrothermal veins, greisens, granitic pegmatites.","Ferberite-Hübnerite Series.\r\n\r\nOccurs in high-temperature hydrothermal veins, greisens, and granitic pegmatites; in alluvial and eluvial deposits.\r\n\r\nIn a unique situation ferberite may (experimentally) precipitate from volcanic fumarole gas, at temper...","For Dr. Moritz Rudolph Ferber (1805-1875), amateur mineralogist, Gera, Germany.","2025-11-13 19:43:06",[89],{"id":90,"name":91,"entrytype":44,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":39,"dcalc":39,"primary_image_id":92},27339,"Reinite",54427,[94,98,103,111,117,125],{"id":95,"name":96,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":97,"mindat_formula":97,"hmin":50,"hmax":50,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},38788,"Heftetjernite","ScTaO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",{"id":99,"name":100,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":101,"mindat_formula":102,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},39553,"Huanzalaite","Mg(WO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","MgWO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",{"id":104,"name":105,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":106,"mindat_formula":107,"hmin":49,"hmax":50,"dmeas":108,"dcalc":109,"primary_image_id":110},1940,"Hübnerite","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(WO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","MnWO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","7.12","7.234",29892,{"id":112,"name":113,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":114,"mindat_formula":114,"hmin":115,"hmax":115,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":116,"primary_image_id":11},54639,"Nioboheftetjernite","ScNbO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",5.5,"5.855",{"id":118,"name":119,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":120,"mindat_formula":121,"hmin":122,"hmax":122,"dmeas":123,"dcalc":124,"primary_image_id":11},46437,"Rossovskyite","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>NbO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","(Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Ta)(Nb,Ti)O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",6,"6.06","6.302",{"id":126,"name":127,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":128,"mindat_formula":129,"hmin":49,"hmax":50,"dmeas":130,"dcalc":131,"primary_image_id":132},3523,"Sanmartinite","Zn(WO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","(Zn,Fe)WO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","6.7","7.87",21533,[134,143,151,159,166,175,181,188,196],{"id":135,"name":136,"entrytype":9,"csystem":137,"ima_formula":138,"mindat_formula":138,"hmin":122,"hmax":139,"dmeas":140,"dcalc":141,"primary_image_id":142},917,"Cassiterite","Tetragonal","SnO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",7,"6.98","6.993",29383,{"id":144,"name":145,"entrytype":9,"csystem":146,"ima_formula":147,"mindat_formula":147,"hmin":49,"hmax":49,"dmeas":148,"dcalc":149,"primary_image_id":150},1576,"Fluorite","Isometric","CaF\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.175","3.181",29727,{"id":152,"name":153,"entrytype":9,"csystem":154,"ima_formula":155,"mindat_formula":155,"hmin":37,"hmax":122,"dmeas":156,"dcalc":157,"primary_image_id":158},1856,"Hematite","Trigonal","Fe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","5.26","5.255",29858,{"id":160,"name":161,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":162,"mindat_formula":163,"hmin":164,"hmax":164,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":165,"primary_image_id":11},35911,"Kunatite","CuFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CuFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",3,"3.063",{"id":167,"name":168,"entrytype":9,"csystem":169,"ima_formula":170,"mindat_formula":170,"hmin":122,"hmax":171,"dmeas":172,"dcalc":173,"primary_image_id":174},2571,"Marcasite","Orthorhombic","FeS\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",6.5,"4.887","4.875",15420,{"id":176,"name":177,"entrytype":9,"csystem":146,"ima_formula":170,"mindat_formula":170,"hmin":122,"hmax":171,"dmeas":178,"dcalc":179,"primary_image_id":180},3314,"Pyrite","4.8","5.01",20239,{"id":182,"name":183,"entrytype":9,"csystem":137,"ima_formula":184,"mindat_formula":184,"hmin":50,"hmax":37,"dmeas":185,"dcalc":186,"primary_image_id":187},3560,"Scheelite","Ca(WO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","6.1","6.09",21729,{"id":189,"name":190,"entrytype":9,"csystem":169,"ima_formula":191,"mindat_formula":192,"hmin":193,"hmax":193,"dmeas":194,"dcalc":39,"primary_image_id":195},3996,"Topaz","Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>F\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(F,OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",8,"3.4",24365,{"id":197,"name":198,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":199,"mindat_formula":199,"hmin":200,"hmax":200,"dmeas":39,"dcalc":201,"primary_image_id":202},7380,"Yttrotungstite-(Ce)","CeW\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",1,"6.23",28568,[],[205],{"id":206,"txt":207,"latitude":208,"longitude":209,"country":210},159437,"Niña Mine, Sierra Almagrera, Cuevas del Almanzora, Almería, Andalusia, Spain",37.2916667,-1.7530556,"Spain",547,[213,216,220,224,228,232,236,240,244,248,252,256,260,264,269,273,278,283,287,291,295,299,304],{"id":214,"year":11,"html":215,"doi":11},16109059,"NOTE: See also: Wolframite references.",{"id":217,"year":218,"html":219,"doi":11},16109060,1847,"Kerndt (1847) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 42: 81.",{"id":221,"year":222,"html":223,"doi":11},16109061,1863,"Liebe (1863) Jb. Min.: 641 (as Ferberit).",{"id":225,"year":226,"html":227,"doi":11},16109062,1875,"Weisbach, Albin (1875) Synopsis mineralogical, systematische Übersicht des Mineralreiches. 78 pp., Freiberg: 43 (as Ferrowolframit).",{"id":229,"year":230,"html":231,"doi":11},16109063,1878,"Fritsch (1878) Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaften, Halle: 3: 864 (as Reinit [Reinite]).",{"id":233,"year":234,"html":235,"doi":11},16109064,1879,"Luedecke (1879) Jb. Min.: 286.",{"id":237,"year":238,"html":239,"doi":11},16109065,1899,"Chernik (1899) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 31: 513.",{"id":241,"year":242,"html":243,"doi":11},16109066,1904,"Wada (1904) Minerals of Japan: 76 (Kodera analysis).",{"id":245,"year":246,"html":247,"doi":11},16109067,1914,"Wherry (1914) Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum: 47: 501.",{"id":249,"year":250,"html":251,"doi":11},16109068,1923,"Geijer (1923) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 45: 434.",{"id":253,"year":254,"html":255,"doi":11},16109069,1941,"Wilson (1941) Arizona Bureau of Mines, Gelogy Series, Bull. 148.",{"id":257,"year":258,"html":259,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":261,"year":262,"html":263,"doi":11},16109072,1967,"Ülkü, D. (1967) Untersuchungen zur Kristallstruktur und magnetischen Struktur des Ferberits FeWO4. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig, 124, 192–219 (in German with English abstract).",{"id":265,"year":266,"html":267,"doi":268},107661,1968,"Cid-Dresdner, Hilda, Escobar, Carmen (1968) The crystal structure of ferberite, FeWO4. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  127 (1). 61-72 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1968.127.1-4.61'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1968.127.1-4.61\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fzk\u002Fvol127\u002FZK127_61.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1968.127.1-4.61",{"id":270,"year":271,"html":272,"doi":11},12907158,1977,"(1977) Mineralogical Notes. \u003Ci>The Mineralogical Record\u003C\u002Fi>, 8 (5) 391-396",{"id":274,"year":275,"html":276,"doi":277},10716982,1984,"Buhl, J. Chr., Willgallis, A. (1984) Kinetics and Mechanism of Hübnerite (MnWO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) and Ferberite (FeWO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) Crystallization under Hydrothermal Conditions. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A\u003C\u002Fi>,  39 (10). 963-965 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1515\u002Fzna-1984-1009'>doi:10.1515\u002Fzna-1984-1009\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1515\u002Fzna-1984-1009",{"id":279,"year":280,"html":281,"doi":282},16052495,2002,"Africano, F., Van Rompaey, G., Bernard, A., Le Guern, F (2002) Deposition of trace elements from high temperature gases of Satsuma-Iwojima volcano. \u003Ci>Earth Planets and Space\u003C\u002Fi>,  54 (3). 275-286 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002FBF03353027'>doi:10.1186\u002FBF03353027\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1186\u002FBF03353027",{"id":284,"year":280,"html":285,"doi":286},226757,"Bailly, L.; Grancea, L.; Kouzmanov, K. (2002) Infrared microthermometry and chemistry of wolframite from the Baia Sprie epithermal deposit, Romania. \u003Ci>Economic Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  97 (2). 415-423 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.97.2.415'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.97.2.415\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.researchgate.net\u002Fpublication\u002F240301594_INFRARED_MICROTHERMOMETRY_AND_CHEMISTRY_OF_WOLFRAMITE_FROM_THE_BAIA_SPRIE_EPITHERMAL_DEPOSIT_ROMANIA?pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgsecongeo.97.2.415",{"id":288,"year":289,"html":290,"doi":11},16771791,2003,"Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (2003) \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 5 - Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.",{"id":292,"year":293,"html":294,"doi":11},16964227,2005,"(2005) Ferberite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fferberite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":296,"year":297,"html":298,"doi":11},16109075,2010,"White, John S.; Richards, R. Peter (2010) Let's Get It Right: Epitaxy—A Simple Concept? Rocks & Minerals, 85(2), 173-176. (epitaxy with fluorite)",{"id":300,"year":301,"html":302,"doi":303},7734233,2013,"Goldmann, Simon, Melcher, Frank, Gäbler, Hans-Eike, Dewaele, Stijn, Clercq, Friso, Muchez, Philippe (2013) Mineralogy and Trace Element Chemistry of Ferberite\u002FReinite from Tungsten Deposits in Central Rwanda. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>, 3 (2) 121-144 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin3020121'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin3020121\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F2075-163X\u002F3\u002F2\u002F121\u002Fpdf?version=1364907720' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin3020121",{"id":305,"year":306,"html":307,"doi":308},13421175,2021,"Umbsaar, Darren A., Antao, Sytle M. (2021) Structural Variations across Wolframite Solid Solutions, (Fe,Mn)WO4. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>, 12 (1) 42 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin12010042'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin12010042\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F2075-163X\u002F12\u002F1\u002F42\u002Fpdf?version=1640687479' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin12010042",[310,320,327,335,343,351,359,367,374,381,390,399,406,413,420,427,434,443,451,457,466,474,480,486,492,499,505,515,522,530,537],{"id":311,"source_url":312,"license_code":313,"credit_html":314,"title":315,"description":316,"author":317,"original_width":318,"original_height":319},8464,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10145181","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10145181\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-146677.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tazna Mine (Tasna Mine; Tazna-Rosario Mine), Cerro Tazna, Atocha-Quechisla District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNor_Chichas_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nor Chichas Province\">Nor Chichas Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-40745.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.1 x 5.1 x 4.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a very impressive, display specimen of Ferberite from Bolivia. The piece features several sharp, lustrous, aesthetic, bladed, jet-black crystals in a fan-shaped formation, with a wonderful little accenting \"closed twin\" directly in the center of the specimen. The crystals have unusual serrated edges for a very stylish touch. These Bolivian Ferberites are often underrated and stand up well against any other Ferberites from China or Panasqueira. This piece was from the famous find in 1999 at Tasna. Ex. Brian Kosnar Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",680,360,{"id":321,"source_url":322,"license_code":323,"credit_html":324,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":325,"original_height":326},29708,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F177355","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F177355\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,776,{"id":328,"source_url":329,"license_code":313,"credit_html":330,"title":331,"description":332,"author":317,"original_width":333,"original_height":334},8465,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10148777","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10148777\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-166632.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Duoluoshan Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHuaiji_County\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Huaiji County\">Huaiji County\u003C\u002Fa>, Zhaoqing Prefecture, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGuangdong\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Guangdong\">Guangdong Province\u003C\u002Fa>, China (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-6458.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Ferberites have been dramatically \"devalued\" by the quantities of them that have been coming from the Yaogangxian Mine. But this is NOT Yaogangxian material, and you can tell by the form and matrix-free arrangement, both subtly distinct. The central crystal here measures over 5 cm; other crystals stick out sculpturally in all directions. You can see how sharp the crystals are, and that the terminations are all intact! Ex. Dave Stoudt collection. Early Chinese material from the 90s.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",508,600,{"id":336,"source_url":337,"license_code":313,"credit_html":338,"title":339,"description":340,"author":317,"original_width":341,"original_height":342},8466,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10162497","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10162497\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-223780.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tazna Mine (Tasna Mine; Tazna-Rosario Mine), Cerro Tazna, Atocha-Quechisla District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNor_Chichas_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nor Chichas Province\">Nor Chichas Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-40745.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.8 x 4.0 x 3.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A supremely sharp, jet-black, metallic twinned crystal of ferberite from perhaps the best locality for the species in its twinned habit. This crystal is 3-dimensional, sharp, and really beautiful for a \"black ugly.\" It is almost pristine, with just a few really insignificant dings and otherwise compete all around. It was one of the finest pieces, certainly among the best few miniatures, in a small pocket recovered in about 2004-2005 and sold by the dealership of Bolivian mineral specialist, Brian Kosnar.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",365,400,{"id":344,"source_url":345,"license_code":313,"credit_html":346,"title":347,"description":348,"author":317,"original_width":349,"original_height":350},54410,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10130552","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10130552\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-41431.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tae Hwa Mine (Taehwa Mine; Dae Hwa Mine; Taewha Mine; Tong Wha Mine; Tae Wha Mine), Neungam-ri (Neung Am-ri; Noungam-ri), Angseong-myeon, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChungju\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chungju\">Chungju (Chung Won Kum; Chung-ju)\u003C\u002Fa>, Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto), South Korea (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2235.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An excellent specimen of sharp, iridescent, chevron-shaped ferberite blades from the classic Korean locality, the Tae Wha Mine. 2.6 x 1.6 x 1.0 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",355,514,{"id":352,"source_url":353,"license_code":313,"credit_html":354,"title":355,"description":356,"author":317,"original_width":357,"original_height":358},8467,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163377","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163377\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-228419.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tazna Mine (Tasna Mine; Tazna-Rosario Mine), Cerro Tazna, Atocha-Quechisla District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNor_Chichas_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nor Chichas Province\">Nor Chichas Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-40745.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.8 x 4.3 x 3.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Here is a superb twinned crystal of Ferberite. This piece features the classic, \"butterfly\" twinning of Ferberite along the (100) face. This piece is a good quality, sharp, lustrous, large, aesthetic jet-black twinned crystal. It has an attractive thick blocky form, and despite a \"rub\" on one side, it is a very good miniature of this rarely seen material. Twinned crystals from Bolivia have becoming increasingly difficult to obtain in recent years as the price of Tungsten ore has driven the miners to throw all the Ferberite into the crusher, causing thousands of specimens to be lost forever.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",463,432,{"id":360,"source_url":361,"license_code":313,"credit_html":362,"title":363,"description":364,"author":317,"original_width":365,"original_height":366},54411,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10135765","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10135765\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-60182.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tazna Mine (Tasna Mine; Tazna-Rosario Mine), Cerro Tazna, Atocha-Quechisla District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNor_Chichas_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nor Chichas Province\">Nor Chichas Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-40745.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Here is a very good quality twinned crystal of Ferberite on matrix. This species was sometimes previously referred to as \"Wolframite\", which was supposed to be an intermediary species between Ferberite and Hubnerite, but has since been discredited. This piece features the classic, \"butterfly\" twinning of Ferberite along the a (100) face. This piece is a sharp, lustrous, aesthetic jet-black twinned crystal measuring 2.5 cm on a Quartz and Arsenopyrite matrix. This piece is displayable from several angles. There are actually two more twins on the lower portion of this specimen, and they are both complete ! Twinned crystals from Bolivia have becoming increasingly difficult to obtain from Bolivia, and MATRIX specimens are virtually impossible to find ! These are definitely the most highly sought after crystal habit from this locality This piece one of the most well-formed Ferberite twins that I have seen from Bolivia, and the fact that its on matrix make its highly desirable. 9.3 x 5.5 x 4.0cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",819,576,{"id":368,"source_url":369,"license_code":313,"credit_html":370,"title":371,"description":372,"author":317,"original_width":373,"original_height":358},8468,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169328","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10169328\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-261589.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tazna Mine (Tasna Mine; Tazna-Rosario Mine), Cerro Tazna, Atocha-Quechisla District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNor_Chichas_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nor Chichas Province\">Nor Chichas Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-40745.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.2 x 4.5 x 2.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A very unusual multi-twinned crystal of Ferberite from the renowned Tazna mine in southern Bolivia. The piece was mined at the beginning of 2008, which is encouraging because I have seen very little in the way of Ferberites from this mine in recent years. This piece features the classic, \"butterfly\" twinning of Ferberite along the a (100) face. It is a good quality, sharp, jet-black twinned crystal with several smaller blades running perpendicular to the main twinned crystal. It has an attractive thin bladed form, and is a wonderful example of how bizarre the twins from this mine can get. Twinned crystals from Bolivia are becoming increasingly difficult to obtain in recent years as the price of Tungsten ore has driven the miners to throw nearly all the Ferberite into the crusher, causing thousands of specimens to be lost forever.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",462,{"id":375,"source_url":376,"license_code":313,"credit_html":377,"title":378,"description":379,"author":317,"original_width":380,"original_height":358},54412,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141603","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141603\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-132022.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tazna Mine (Tasna Mine; Tazna-Rosario Mine), Cerro Tazna, Atocha-Quechisla District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNor_Chichas_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nor Chichas Province\">Nor Chichas Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-40745.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.7 x 4.8 x 3.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a very impressive, display specimen of Ferberite from Bolivia. The piece features several sharp, lustrous, aesthetic, jet-black crystals measuring up to 2.0 cm forming a beautiful \"flower\"-like crystal group associated with a few gemmy Quartz crystals. These Bolivian Ferberites are often underrated and stand up well against any other Ferberites from China or Panasqueira. This piece was from the famous find in 1999 at Tasna.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",597,{"id":382,"source_url":383,"license_code":323,"credit_html":384,"title":385,"description":386,"author":387,"original_width":388,"original_height":389},8469,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=99159445","Ivar Leidus, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=99159445\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite - Panasqueira mines, Beira Baixa, Portugal.jpg","Black ferberite crystals with muscovite (6.0 × 4.0 × 3.0 cm). Found from Panasqueira mines, Beira Baixa, Portugal","Ivar Leidus",7600,5900,{"id":391,"source_url":392,"license_code":323,"credit_html":393,"title":394,"description":395,"author":396,"original_width":397,"original_height":398},8470,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113716259","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113716259\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 038 - Ferbérite, minerai de tungstène (Portugal).jpg","Ferbérite, minerai de tungstène, en provenance du Portugal, au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",2084,2232,{"id":400,"source_url":401,"license_code":313,"credit_html":402,"title":403,"description":404,"author":317,"original_width":405,"original_height":358},54415,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154218","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154218\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-185383.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tazna Mine (Tasna Mine; Tazna-Rosario Mine), Cerro Tazna, Atocha-Quechisla District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNor_Chichas_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nor Chichas Province\">Nor Chichas Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-40745.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.1 x 3.8 x 1.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a very attractive, display specimen of Ferberite from Bolivia. The piece features several sharp, lustrous, aesthetic, jet-black, tabular crystals of Ferberite forming a very impressive crystal group.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",466,{"id":407,"source_url":408,"license_code":313,"credit_html":409,"title":410,"description":411,"author":317,"original_width":412,"original_height":334},54417,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161869","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10161869\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-217490.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tae Hwa Mine (Taehwa Mine; Dae Hwa Mine; Taewha Mine; Tong Wha Mine; Tae Wha Mine), Neungam-ri (Neung Am-ri; Noungam-ri), Angseong-myeon, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChungju\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chungju\">Chungju (Chung Won Kum; Chung-ju)\u003C\u002Fa>, Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto), South Korea (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2235.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.1 x 2.4 x 0.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a fine ferberite crystal from Korea. This is classic old material, now rare. It has perfect form and is nearly pristine, with just a tiny bit of contact on one side. Sharp, glossy termination and gleaming display face. There are some crystals of pyrite and quartz on the backside.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",518,{"id":414,"source_url":415,"license_code":313,"credit_html":416,"title":417,"description":418,"author":317,"original_width":419,"original_height":358},54418,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164716","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164716\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-236757.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tazna Mine (Tasna Mine; Tazna-Rosario Mine), Cerro Tazna, Atocha-Quechisla District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNor_Chichas_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nor Chichas Province\">Nor Chichas Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-40745.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.6 x 2.5 x 2.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Here is a superb twinned crystal of Ferberite. This piece features the classic, \"butterfly\" twinning of Ferberite along the a (100) face. It is a sharp, lustrous, aesthetic jet-black twinned crystal. It has an attractive thick blocky form. It was mined in 2003.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",478,{"id":421,"source_url":422,"license_code":313,"credit_html":423,"title":424,"description":425,"author":317,"original_width":426,"original_height":358},54419,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10166355","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10166355\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-245577.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tazna Mine (Tasna Mine; Tazna-Rosario Mine), Cerro Tazna, Atocha-Quechisla District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNor_Chichas_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nor Chichas Province\">Nor Chichas Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-40745.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.0 x 5.8 x 3.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This piece came from the great find of Ferberite twins of 2003. It is a rather large and impressive twinned crystal. This piece features the classic, \"butterfly\" twinning of Ferberite along the a (100) face. It is a good quality, sharp, lustrous, aesthetic jet-black twinned crystal. It has an attractive \"open\" or \"butterfly\" form. Twinned crystals from Bolivia are becoming increasingly difficult to obtain in recent years as the price of Tungsten ore has driven the miners to throw nearly all the Ferberite into the crusher, causing thousands of specimens to be lost forever. These twins are definitely the most highly sought after crystal habit from this locality.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",472,{"id":428,"source_url":429,"license_code":313,"credit_html":430,"title":431,"description":432,"author":317,"original_width":433,"original_height":358},54424,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10172539","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10172539\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-282560.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tazna Mine (Tasna Mine; Tazna-Rosario Mine), Cerro Tazna, Atocha-Quechisla District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNor_Chichas_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nor Chichas Province\">Nor Chichas Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-40745.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.1 x 5.5 x 5.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This piece came from the great find of Ferberite twins of 2003. It is a rather large and impressive twinned crystal. This attractive specimen features the classic, \"butterfly\" twinning of Ferberite along the a (100) face. It is a good quality, sharp, lustrous, aesthetic, rarely seen doubly-terminated, jet-black twinned crystal. It has an attractive \"open\" or \"butterfly\" form and the twin itself is in great shape on the front and back save a few pocket contacts. Specimens like this are rare from any locality, including Tazna. Twinned Ferberite crystals from Bolivia are becoming increasingly difficult to obtain in recent years as the price of Tungsten ore has driven the miners to throw nearly all the Ferberite into the crusher, causing thousands of specimens to be lost forever.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",496,{"id":435,"source_url":436,"license_code":313,"credit_html":437,"title":438,"description":439,"author":440,"original_width":441,"original_height":442},54408,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1855200","Fabre Minerals, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1855200\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Panasqueira Fluorapatite Ferberite.jpg","Fluorapatite on ferberite, Minas da Panasqueira, Level 3, Beira Baixa, Portugal (2002).","Fabre Minerals",395,624,{"id":444,"source_url":445,"license_code":313,"credit_html":446,"title":447,"description":448,"author":317,"original_width":449,"original_height":450},54409,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10122427","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10122427\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-Fluorite-27130.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFluorite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fluorite\">Fluorite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Yaogangxian Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FYizhang_County\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Yizhang County\">Yizhang County\u003C\u002Fa>, Chenzhou Prefecture, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHunan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hunan\">Hunan Province\u003C\u002Fa>, China (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4549.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An excellent, doubly-terminated, lustrous and pristine ferberite crystal with fluorite from the famous Yaogangxian Mine of China. 5.6 x 0.9 x 0.7 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",138,499,{"id":452,"source_url":453,"license_code":313,"credit_html":454,"title":455,"description":456,"author":317,"original_width":334,"original_height":350},54414,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10148682","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10148682\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-Quartz-165736.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Yaogangxian Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FYizhang_County\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Yizhang County\">Yizhang County\u003C\u002Fa>, Chenzhou Prefecture, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHunan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hunan\">Hunan Province\u003C\u002Fa>, China (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4549.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.9 x 4.4 x 2.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Lustrous crystals of ferberite. On the right is a cluster of super-gemmy quartz crystals and glittery arsenopyrite.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":458,"source_url":459,"license_code":323,"credit_html":460,"title":461,"description":462,"author":463,"original_width":464,"original_height":465},8471,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132806235","Eric Polk, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132806235\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite with quartz NHMLA.png","Sample of ferberite with quartz collected from Panasqueira, Portugal.  On display at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA.","Eric Polk",2504,1680,{"id":467,"source_url":468,"license_code":313,"credit_html":469,"title":470,"description":471,"author":317,"original_width":472,"original_height":473},54416,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158988","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158988\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-Quartz-200972.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tae Hwa Mine (Taehwa Mine; Dae Hwa Mine; Taewha Mine; Tong Wha Mine; Tae Wha Mine), Neungam-ri (Neung Am-ri; Noungam-ri), Angseong-myeon, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChungju\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chungju\">Chungju (Chung Won Kum; Chung-ju)\u003C\u002Fa>, Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto), South Korea (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2235.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.5 x 8 x 5.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine ferberite for this important Korean locale. The piece features a large, 7.5-cm ferberite crystal locked inside gemmy, translucent quartz crystals. Its termination, in fact, extends right up into the crystal on the left side. Ex. Rolf Wein Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",503,750,{"id":475,"source_url":476,"license_code":313,"credit_html":477,"title":478,"description":479,"author":317,"original_width":412,"original_height":334},54420,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167827","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167827\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-Quartz-252616.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Yaogangxian Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FYizhang_County\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Yizhang County\">Yizhang County\u003C\u002Fa>, Chenzhou Prefecture, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHunan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hunan\">Hunan Province\u003C\u002Fa>, China (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4549.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.8 x 3.9 x 3.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Nestled among glassy, colorless quartz crystals to 3.5 cm in length are bladed crystals of splendent, black ferberite, to 2.6 cm in length. The aesthetics of form, color and crystal pattern are outstanding for a miniature sized example of this material.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":481,"source_url":482,"license_code":313,"credit_html":483,"title":484,"description":485,"author":317,"original_width":334,"original_height":426},54422,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10170599","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10170599\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Scorodite-Ferberite-270162.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FScorodite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Scorodite\">Scorodite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHemerdon_Mine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hemerdon Mine\">Hemerdon Mine (Hemerdon Bal Mine; Hemerdon Ball Mine)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPlympton\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Plympton\">Plympton\u003C\u002Fa>, Tavistock District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDevon\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Devon\">Devon\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEngland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:England\">England\u003C\u002Fa>, UK (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-1528.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.4 x 4.3 x 3.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Sparkly green and purple scorodite micrcrystals richly fill vugs on both sides of the quartz-rich matrix and are associated with massive, black ferberite on this fine Devon, England combination specimen from a famed locality known for its high quality scorodite - the Hermerdon Bal Mine. Some of the best European scorodite is from this open-cast mine. This is certainly an old specimen, probably late 1800s, and is not from recent mining in the mid 1990s here. Ex. Haldone and Wes Parker Collections.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":487,"source_url":488,"license_code":313,"credit_html":489,"title":490,"description":485,"author":317,"original_width":342,"original_height":491},54423,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10170600","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10170600\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Scorodite-Ferberite-270164.jpg",314,{"id":493,"source_url":494,"license_code":313,"credit_html":495,"title":496,"description":497,"author":317,"original_width":498,"original_height":342},54425,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456752","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456752\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-Quartz-pb33c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tazna Mine (Tasna Mine; Tazna-Rosario Mine), Cerro Tazna, Atocha-Quechisla District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNor_Chichas_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nor Chichas Province\">Nor Chichas Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-40745.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 7.5 x 6.9 x 5.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Ferberite with Quartz\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is an indisputable killer display specimen from the old queen of localities for the species. I know that the new Chinese ferberite specimens are the \"cats meow\" today, but they aren�t any better than this classic ferberite with quartz from Bolivia. The 7.5 cm tall, black, lustrous, ferberite crystal is aesthetically perched above and amidst colorless, gemmy quartz crystals that reach 6.5 cm in length. The quartz has some interesting iron oxide staining that could probably be removed, but adds a touch of color. The termination of the ferberite is striking for its sharp textbook form and 3-dimensionality - you can display it form any side. There are a couple of trivial wilbers on the ferberite, but they pale in the overall quality of the specimen. This is another example of the eclectic mineral collection of Peter Bancroft, and one of his competition-quality speicmens! BETTER IN PERSON!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",332,{"id":500,"source_url":501,"license_code":313,"credit_html":502,"title":503,"description":497,"author":317,"original_width":342,"original_height":504},54426,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456753","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456753\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-Quartz-pb33d.jpg",335,{"id":506,"source_url":507,"license_code":508,"credit_html":509,"title":510,"description":511,"author":512,"original_width":513,"original_height":514},24749,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=478136","Public domain","Aram Dulyan (User:Aramgutang), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=478136\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tungstite on ferberite.jpg","Bright yellow massive tungstite on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fferberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:ferberite\">ferberite\u003C\u002Fa> from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalacalani\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Calacalani\">Calacalani\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBolivia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Bolivia\">Bolivia\u003C\u002Fa>. Photograph taken at the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNatural_History_Museum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Natural History Museum\">Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLondon\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:London\">London\u003C\u002Fa>.","Aram Dulyan (User:Aramgutang)",646,574,{"id":516,"source_url":517,"license_code":313,"credit_html":518,"title":519,"description":520,"author":317,"original_width":334,"original_height":521},24750,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139191","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139191\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tungstite-Ferberite-118352.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTungstite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tungstite\">Tungstite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPongo\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pongo\">Pongo\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPedro_Domingo_Murillo_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pedro Domingo Murillo Province\">Murillo Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLa_Paz_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:La Paz Department\">La Paz Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-185516.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.1 x 2.1 x 0.7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a rich thumber of rare olive-green tungstite, intermixed with quartz here. Ex. Carl Davis Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",579,{"id":523,"source_url":524,"license_code":313,"credit_html":525,"title":526,"description":527,"author":317,"original_width":528,"original_height":529},55451,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10428190","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10428190\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Strontiumapatite-ap14a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FApatite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Apatite\">Apatite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPanasqueira\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Panasqueira\">Panasqueira\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCovilh%C3%A3\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Covilhã\">Covilhã\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCastelo_Branco_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Castelo Branco District\">Castelo Branco District\u003C\u002Fa>, Portugal (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-14542.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.5 x 3.3 x 3.1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Apatite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>WOW! This specimen features GEM crystals to 1.6 cm, nicely isolated on matrix of siderite-coated ferberite. The apatites are pristine and gorgeous. The ferberite is not quite complete, but it is on the back anyhow. Pieces with crystals of this quality are simply unobtainable now. 4.5 x 3.3 x 3.1 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",590,700,{"id":531,"source_url":532,"license_code":313,"credit_html":533,"title":534,"description":535,"author":317,"original_width":536,"original_height":358},61408,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168263","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168263\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-Marcasite-Jamesonite-255171.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMarcasite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Marcasite\">Marcasite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJamesonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Jamesonite\">Jamesonite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tazna Mine (Tasna Mine; Tazna-Rosario Mine), Cerro Tazna, Atocha-Quechisla District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNor_Chichas_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nor Chichas Province\">Nor Chichas Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-40745.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.6 x 3.8 x 3.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A superb twinned crystal of Ferberite from the renowned Tasna mine in southern Bolivia. The piece was mined at the beginning of 2008, which is encouraging because I have seen very little in the way of Ferberites from this mine in recent years. This piece features the classic, \"butterfly\" twinning of Ferberite along the a (100) face. It is a good quality, sharp, lustrous, aesthetic jet-black twinned crystal with associated botryoidal Marcasite and small acicular crystals of grey Jamesonite. It has an attractive thick blocky form, and is a wonderful miniature size specimen. Twinned crystals from Bolivia are becoming increasingly difficult to obtain in recent years as the price of Tungsten ore has driven the miners to throw nearly all the Ferberite into the crusher, causing thousands of specimens to be lost forever.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",477,{"id":538,"source_url":539,"license_code":313,"credit_html":540,"title":541,"description":542,"author":317,"original_width":543,"original_height":358},61410,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10173184","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10173184\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferberite-Jamesonite-286248.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferberite\">Ferberite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJamesonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Jamesonite\">Jamesonite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tazna Mine (Tasna Mine; Tazna-Rosario Mine), Cerro Tazna, Atocha-Quechisla District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNor_Chichas_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nor Chichas Province\">Nor Chichas Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPotos%C3%AD_Department\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Potosí Department\">Potosí Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Bolivia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-40745.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.4 x 3.3 x 3.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A superb twinned crystal of Ferberite from the renowned Tazna mine in southern Bolivia. The piece was mined at the beginning of 2008, which is encouraging because I have seen very little in the way of Ferberites from this mine in recent years. This piece features the classic, \"butterfly\" twinning of Ferberite along the a (100) face. It is a good quality, sharp, lustrous, aesthetic jet-black twinned crystal. It has an attractive thick blocky form, and is a wonderful toenail size specimen. Twinned crystals from Bolivia are becoming increasingly difficult to obtain in recent years as the price of Tungsten ore has driven the miners to throw nearly all the Ferberite into the crusher, causing thousands of specimens to be lost forever. These twins are definitely the most highly sought after crystal habit from this locality.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",490,[545,552],{"id":546,"url":547,"label":548,"formula":549,"spacegroup":550,"year":551},4480,"\u002Fcif\u002F4480.cif","Escobar 1971","W Fe O4","P 1 2\u002Fc 1",1971,{"id":553,"url":554,"label":555,"formula":556,"spacegroup":550,"year":262},4482,"\u002Fcif\u002F4482.cif","Ulku 1967","Fe W O4",[558,559,560,561],"Eisenwolframite","Ferrotungstate","Ferrowolframit","Iron Tungstate",[563,567,571,575,579,583,587,591,594,598,602,605,609,614,617,621,625,628,632,635],{"lang":564,"names":565},"ar",[566],"فيربريت",{"lang":568,"names":569},"bg",[570],"Ферберит",{"lang":572,"names":573},"bn",[574],"ফার্বেরাইট",{"lang":576,"names":577},"ca",[578],"ferberita",{"lang":580,"names":581},"de",[582],"Ferberit",{"lang":584,"names":585},"el",[586],"Φερμπερίτης",{"lang":588,"names":589},"es",[590],"Ferberita",{"lang":592,"names":593},"eu",[590],{"lang":595,"names":596},"fa",[597],"فربریت",{"lang":599,"names":600},"fr",[601,91],"Ferbérite",{"lang":603,"names":604},"gl",[590],{"lang":606,"names":607},"it",[608],"ferberite",{"lang":610,"names":611},"ja",[612,613],"鉄マンガン重石","鉄重石",{"lang":615,"names":616},"mk",[570],{"lang":618,"names":619},"nl",[620],"ferberiet",{"lang":622,"names":623},"pl",[624],"Ferberyt",{"lang":626,"names":627},"sk",[582],{"lang":629,"names":630},"ta",[631],"பெர்பெரைட்டு",{"lang":633,"names":634},"uk",[570],{"lang":636,"names":637},"zh",[638,639],"鎢鐵礦","钨铁矿","Q417387",{"history":642,"applications":646},{"markdown":643,"model_version":644,"prompt_version":645,"reviewed_at":11},"The name **wolframite** is older than the mineral that now carries it. It descends from the German *wolf rahm*, itself traceable to the Latin *Lupi spuma* — \"wolf's froth\". The Saxon scholar Georg Agricola used the label in 1546 for tungsten-bearing ore[1]. Smelters had noticed that this ore consumed unusual amounts of tin when it sat with cassiterite in a furnace. Something inside the rock seemed to eat the metal — likened, in the language of the time, to a wolf devouring a sheep[1].\n\nFor three centuries \"wolframite\" remained a single, loose category. Then in 1863, miners working the Sierra Almagrera on the south-east coast of Spain turned up a heavy, near-black mineral. It did not match anything in the standard catalogues[2]. The new species was named **ferberite**, in honour of Moritz Rudolph Ferber, a German amateur mineralogist from Gera who lived from 1805 to 1875[3]. The type specimens came from Aquiles, in the Sierra Almagrera[4].\n\nFerberite did not stand alone for long. Mineralogists soon recognised that it sat at one end of a continuous series — a **solid solution**[5]. Two minerals form a solid solution when they share a crystal structure and grade smoothly into one another by swapping atoms at a single site. At the iron-rich end of this series sits ferberite, FeWO₄. At the manganese-rich end sits **hübnerite**, MnWO₄. The intermediate compositions, where iron and manganese share the site in comparable amounts, kept the older name **wolframite**[5]. The name now serves both as the series label and as the older industry term for any ore of the group.","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":647,"model_version":644,"prompt_version":645,"reviewed_at":11},"Ferberite is an ore of tungsten[1]. Alongside its sister mineral hübnerite and the wider wolframite series, it feeds the world's tungsten supply chain. The only rival source is **scheelite**, a calcium tungstate from which most of the rest of mined tungsten comes[2]. The industrial life of ferberite is, almost entirely, the industrial life of the metal it carries.\n\nAbout half of all mined tungsten ends up in **tungsten carbide**, the dominant industrial form of the element[3]. The carbide is cemented into composites — also called **hardmetals** — in which extremely hard carbide grains are bonded by a metallic binder. These hardmetals are the wear-resistant cutting tools the metalworking, mining and construction industries reach for when steel is not hard enough[4].\n\nThe rest of mined tungsten goes into a second tier of demanding metal applications. Drawn into thin wire, it forms the electrodes used in welding and the filaments still found in some specialty lamps[4]. Alloyed into **high-speed steel** at up to 18 percent tungsten content, it produces cutting steels that keep their edge even when red-hot from friction[3]. Alloyed into **superalloys** — high-strength mixtures designed for extreme conditions — it strengthens the turbine blades of jet engines[4]. Tungsten's exceptional density also feeds heavier roles: **armour-piercing ammunition**, heat sinks, and high-density counterweights[3][4].\n\nSupply is the awkward part of the story. The wolframite series and scheelite together supply the world's tungsten, and the supply is highly concentrated[2]. China holds about 1.8 million tonnes of the 3.2-million-tonne global reserve[3]. In 2017 it produced 79,000 tonnes against Vietnam's 7,200 and Russia's 3,100, leading the world in production, export and consumption of tungsten products[3]. Ferberite-bearing deposits outside China are mined commercially in Spain, Portugal and Bolivia, among other countries[5]."]