[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:27246":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":8,"polytypeof":8,"groupid":8,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":8,"ima_formula":8,"elements":15,"sigelements":18,"key_elements":8,"impurities":8,"cim":8,"ima_status":8,"ima_notes":8,"ima_history":8,"approval_year":8,"publication_year":8,"discovery_year":8,"strunz10ed1":19,"strunz10ed2":19,"strunz10ed3":19,"strunz10ed4":8,"dana8ed1":19,"dana8ed2":19,"dana8ed3":19,"dana8ed4":19,"csystem":8,"cclass":8,"spacegroup":8,"spacegroupset":19,"a":8,"b":8,"c":8,"alpha":8,"beta":8,"gamma":8,"aerror":8,"berror":8,"cerror":8,"alphaerror":8,"betaerror":8,"gammaerror":8,"va3":8,"z":8,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":8,"twinning":8,"tranglide":8,"parting":8,"epitaxidescription":8,"morphology":8,"tlform":8,"hmin":8,"hmax":8,"hardtype":8,"vhnmin":19,"vhnmax":19,"vhnerror":8,"vhng":8,"vhns":8,"commenthard":8,"dmeas":19,"dmeas2":19,"dcalc":19,"dmeaserror":8,"dcalcerror":8,"commentdense":8,"lustre":8,"lustretype":8,"commentluster":8,"diapheny":8,"streak":8,"colour":8,"commentcolor":8,"colors":8,"streak_colors":8,"luminescence":8,"uv":8,"cleavage":8,"cleavagetype":8,"fracturetype":8,"tenacity":8,"commentbreak":8,"opticaltype":8,"opticalsign":8,"opticalalpha":8,"opticalalpha2":8,"opticalalphaerror":8,"opticalbeta":8,"opticalbeta2":8,"opticalbetaerror":8,"opticalgamma":8,"opticalgamma2":8,"opticalgammaerror":8,"opticalomega":8,"opticalomega2":19,"opticalomegaerror":8,"opticalepsilon":8,"opticalepsilon2":19,"opticalepsilonerror":8,"opticaln":8,"opticaln2":8,"opticalnerror":8,"optical2vcalc":8,"optical2vcalc2":8,"optical2vcalcerror":8,"optical2vmeasured":8,"optical2vmeasured2":8,"optical2vmeasurederror":8,"rimin":8,"rimax":8,"opticaldispersion":8,"opticalpleochroism":8,"opticalpleochorismdesc":8,"opticalbirefringence":8,"opticalcomments":8,"opticalcolour":8,"opticalinternal":8,"opticaltropic":8,"opticalanisotropism":8,"opticalbireflectance":8,"opticalextinction":8,"opticalr":8,"specdispm":8,"ir":8,"electrical":8,"magnetism":8,"thermalbehaviour":8,"other":8,"industrial":8,"occurrence":8,"otheroccurrence":8,"type_specimen_store":8,"description_short":8,"aboutname":8,"rock_parent":8,"rock_parent2":8,"rock_root":20,"rock_bgs_code":8,"meteoritical_code":8,"updttime":21,"reviewed_at":8,"variety_of":22,"varieties":30,"group_members":31,"associates":32,"confused_with":33,"type_localities":34,"occurrence_total":35,"citations":36,"images":37,"structures":124,"synonyms":125,"language_names":127,"wikidata_qid":8,"texts":128},27246,"1:1:27246:3","83f49b87-fa14-4134-9f3f-f61d0ceb6c07","Ferruginous Quartz",null,2,"variety",3337,2660,false,"SiO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",[16,17],"Si","O",[16,17],"0",0,"2025-08-11 12:14:51",{"id":11,"name":23,"entrytype":20,"csystem":24,"ima_formula":14,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":25,"hmax":25,"dmeas":26,"dcalc":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"primary_image_id":29},"Quartz","Trigonal",7,"2.65","2.66","4",30579,[],[],[],[],[],36,[],[38,48,56,61,71,79,89,96,101,106,113,119],{"id":39,"source_url":40,"license_code":41,"credit_html":42,"title":43,"description":44,"author":45,"original_width":46,"original_height":47},53077,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=3630502","Public domain","Vassil, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=3630502\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz hématoïde 280208.jpg","Cristaux de quartz hématoïde.","Vassil",1984,1281,{"id":49,"source_url":50,"license_code":51,"credit_html":52,"title":53,"description":8,"author":54,"original_width":55,"original_height":55},54807,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=58534346","CC BY-SA 3.0","Rama, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=58534346\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hematoide quartz-AMGL 80044-P5030395-black.jpg","Rama",4000,{"id":57,"source_url":58,"license_code":51,"credit_html":59,"title":60,"description":8,"author":54,"original_width":55,"original_height":55},54808,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=58534358","Rama, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=58534358\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hematoide quartz-AMGL 80044-P5030395-white.jpg",{"id":62,"source_url":63,"license_code":64,"credit_html":65,"title":66,"description":67,"author":68,"original_width":69,"original_height":70},54816,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=125042366","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=125042366\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferruginous quartz-pebble & lithic conglomerate (derived from boulder in \"Sharon Conglomerate\", Lower Pennsylvanian; Jackson North roadcut, Ohio, USA) 28.jpg","Ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate from the the Pennsylvanian of Ohio, USA.\n\u003Cp>This rock is from an outcrop in southern Ohio that exposes the lowermost Pottsville Group, a Pennsylvanian-aged, cyclothemic succession in eastern Ohio that contains nonmarine shales, marine shales, siltstones, sandstones, coals, marine limestones, and chert (\"flint\").  The lower Pottsville dates to the late Early Pennsylvanian.  The upper part dates to the early Middle Pennsylvanian.  The Lower-Middle Pennsylvanian boundary is apparently somewhere near the Boggs Member (?).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>At this site, the basal Pottsville is a spectacular quartz-pebble conglomerate, with a quartzose sandstone unit above it, plus coal and shale above that.  The latter two units are visible, but not easily accessible for examination.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In eastern and northeastern Ohio, the conglomeratic base of the Pottsville Group is called the Sharon Conglomerate (a.k.a. Sharon Sandstone; Sharon Formation; Sharon Member).  The literature points out that the Sharon elsewhere in Ohio is not directly correlatable with the conglomerate exposed at this site near Jackson, Ohio.  Thus, it has been suggested that the unit at this locality be referred to as the \"Sharon\" Conglomerate.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Here, the rocks are generally massive (= non-bedded) quartz-pebble conglomerates.  Other clast lithologies and sizes are also present, including angular shale clasts, angular sandstone clasts (both derived from erosion of the underlying Logan Formation of Early Mississippian age), rounded to irregularly-shaped ironstone clasts, rounded quartz sandstone pebbles, rounded quartzite pebbles, and rounded silicified limestone pebbles.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A very unusual clast type present at this outcrop is ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate (= conglomerate in conglomerate ! ) - the photo seen here depicts this material.  The ferruginous conglomerate itself is older than the surrounding \"Sharon\" conglomerate matrix.  On fresh crack surfaces, the ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate has pyrite cement between clasts.  Hematite cement is also present on both weathered and fresh surfaces.  Some limestone clasts are present - usually silicified.  Also present are some angular clasts of sandstone.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Stratigraphy: \"Sharon\" Conglomerate, lowermost Pottsville Group, Lower Pennsylvanian\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: Jackson North Outcrop - roadcut along the southwestern side of Rt. 35, immediately southeast of the Rt. 35-Lloyds Bridge Road intersection (the northwestern intersection - there are two of them), north of the town of Jackson, northwest-central Jackson County, southern Ohio, USA (39° 06’ 32.94” North latitude, 82° 40’ 39.99” West longitude)","James St. John",3925,2392,{"id":72,"source_url":73,"license_code":64,"credit_html":74,"title":75,"description":76,"author":68,"original_width":77,"original_height":78},54817,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146801897","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146801897\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate (near Olive Hill, Kentucky, USA) 3.jpg","Conglomerate is a coarse-grained, poorly-sorted, siliciclastic sedimentary rock.  The large grains can be pebbles, cobbles, or boulders.  Conglomerate's large grains are rounded to subrounded.  Breccia is a similar sedimentary rock, but with angular large grains.  If a mix of rounded and angular grains are present, the rock is still called \"conglomerate\".\n\u003Cp>This sample comes from the siliciclastics overburden at an old carbonate quarry near the town of Olive Hill, Kentucky.  Most quarries in this area targeted limestones and magnesian limestones of the Mississippian-aged Slade Formation (also known as the Newman Limestone).  Overlying siliciclastic units are the Carter Cave Sandstone (Mississippian), Grundy Formation (Pennsylvanian), Pikeville Formation (Pennsylvanian), and the Hyden Formation (Pennsylvanian).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The conglomerate seen here is mostly dark reddish-brown from iron oxide (hematite).  Most of the pebbles are composed of quartz.  An angular, earthy hematite clast is also present.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Stratigraphy: undetermined Mississippian- or Pennsylvanian-aged unit (an old label accompanying the rock says \"Mississippian\")\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Highland Stone Company quarry, near the town of Olive Hill (this probably refers to an old quarry east of Olive Hill, adjacent to a former railroad - apparently quarry number 5 of Richardson, 1923, p. 67), northeastern Kentucky, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Some info. from:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nRichardson (1923) - The building stones of Kentucky, a detailed report covering the examination, analysis and industrial evaluation of the principal building stone deposits of the state.  The Kentucky Geological Survey, Series Six 11.  355 pp.",3376,1815,{"id":80,"source_url":81,"license_code":82,"credit_html":83,"title":84,"description":85,"author":86,"original_width":87,"original_height":88},53099,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167124663","CC BY 4.0","Animalculum, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167124663\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ferruginous Quartz, Musee de Mineralogie, Paris, 2025.jpg","Ferruginous Quartz from Spain in Musee de Mineralogie, Paris","Animalculum",1670,2227,{"id":90,"source_url":91,"license_code":92,"credit_html":93,"title":23,"description":8,"author":8,"original_width":94,"original_height":95},88236,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61826","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61826\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",750,1000,{"id":97,"source_url":98,"license_code":92,"credit_html":99,"title":23,"description":8,"author":8,"original_width":100,"original_height":95},88237,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61779","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61779\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",667,{"id":102,"source_url":103,"license_code":92,"credit_html":104,"title":23,"description":8,"author":8,"original_width":95,"original_height":105},88238,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61838","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F61838\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",666,{"id":107,"source_url":108,"license_code":64,"credit_html":109,"title":110,"description":111,"author":68,"original_width":55,"original_height":112},18124,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82928257","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82928257\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Oolitic limestone pebble in ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate (boulder in \"Sharon Conglomerate\", Lower Pennsylvanian; Jackson North roadcut, Ohio, USA) 1 (37715582096).jpg","\u003Cp>Ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate boulder in the Pennsylvanian of Ohio, USA.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This outcrop in southern Ohio exposes the lowermost Pottsville Group, a Pennsylvanian-aged, cyclothemic succession in eastern Ohio that contains nonmarine shales, marine shales, siltstones, sandstones, coals, marine limestones, and chert (\"flint\").  The lower Pottsville dates to the late Early Pennsylvanian.  The upper part dates to the early Middle Pennsylvanian.  The Lower-Middle Pennsylvanian boundary is apparently somewhere near the Boggs Member (?).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>At this site, the basal Pottsville is a spectacular quartz-pebble conglomerate, with a quartzose sandstone unit above it, plus coal and shale above that.  The latter two units are visible, but not easily accessible for examination.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In eastern and northeastern Ohio, the conglomeratic base of the Pottsville Group is called the Sharon Conglomerate (a.k.a. Sharon Sandstone; Sharon Formation; Sharon Member).  The literature points out that the Sharon elsewhere in Ohio is not directly correlatable with the conglomerate exposed at this site near Jackson, Ohio.  Thus, it has been suggested that the unit at this locality be referred to as the \"Sharon\" Conglomerate.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Here, the rocks are generally massive (= non-bedded) quartz-pebble conglomerates.  Other clast lithologies and sizes are also present, including angular shale clasts, angular sandstone clasts (both derived from erosion of the underlying Logan Formation of Early Mississippian age), rounded to irregularly-shaped ironstone clasts, rounded quartz sandstone pebbles, rounded quartzite pebbles, and rounded silicified limestone pebbles.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A very unusual clast type present at this outcrop is ferruginous, pyrite-cemented and hematite-cemented, quartz-pebble conglomerate (= conglomerate in conglomerate ! ) - the above photo shows this material.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Seen here is the exposed interior of a boulder composed of ferruginous conglomerate, which was observed in only two clasts at this outcrop.  The ferruginous conglomerate itself is older than the surrounding \"Sharon\" conglomerate matrix (not visible in this shot).  The ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate was observed to have pyrite cement between clasts on fresh crack surfaces.  Hematite cement is also present on both weathered and fresh surfaces.  Some limestone clasts are present - usually silicified.  The whitish clast at center is composed of silicified oolitic limestone.  Click on the photo to zoom in and look around.  Notice the rounded, projecting grains in the limestone pebble.  Each rounded grain is an oolite.  Oolites are rounded to subrounded, sand-sized, concentrically layered grains composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3 - either calcite or aragonite).  In this case, the original CaCO3 appears to have been replaced by quartz.  Oolites form by rolling back-and-forth on shallow seafloors by wave action.  Microcrystalline calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitated in layers on the rolling grains.  Bacteria may or may not have played a role in oolite carbonate mineralization.  The oolitic limestone pebble may be derived from the Maxville Limestone, a Middle to Upper Mississippian unit in parts of Ohio.  If derived from outside Ohio (as are the quartz pebbles), it is likely from a Maxville-aged equivalent.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Stratigraphy: \"Sharon\" Conglomerate, lowermost Pottsville Group, Lower Pennsylvanian\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: Jackson North Outcrop - roadcut along the southwestern side of Rt. 35, immediately southeast of the Rt. 35-Lloyds Bridge Road intersection (the northwestern intersection - there are two of them), north of the town of Jackson, northwest-central Jackson County, southern Ohio, USA (39° 06’ 32.94” North latitude, 82° 40’ 39.99” West longitude)",3000,{"id":114,"source_url":115,"license_code":64,"credit_html":116,"title":117,"description":118,"author":68,"original_width":55,"original_height":112},18125,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82928258","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82928258\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Oolitic limestone pebble in ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate (boulder in \"Sharon Conglomerate\", Lower Pennsylvanian; Jackson North roadcut, Ohio, USA) 2 (37715581616).jpg","\u003Cp>Ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate boulder in the Pennsylvanian of Ohio, USA. (part of geology hammer for scale)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This outcrop in southern Ohio exposes the lowermost Pottsville Group, a Pennsylvanian-aged, cyclothemic succession in eastern Ohio that contains nonmarine shales, marine shales, siltstones, sandstones, coals, marine limestones, and chert (\"flint\").  The lower Pottsville dates to the late Early Pennsylvanian.  The upper part dates to the early Middle Pennsylvanian.  The Lower-Middle Pennsylvanian boundary is apparently somewhere near the Boggs Member (?).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>At this site, the basal Pottsville is a spectacular quartz-pebble conglomerate, with a quartzose sandstone unit above it, plus coal and shale above that.  The latter two units are visible, but not easily accessible for examination.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In eastern and northeastern Ohio, the conglomeratic base of the Pottsville Group is called the Sharon Conglomerate (a.k.a. Sharon Sandstone; Sharon Formation; Sharon Member).  The literature points out that the Sharon elsewhere in Ohio is not directly correlatable with the conglomerate exposed at this site near Jackson, Ohio.  Thus, it has been suggested that the unit at this locality be referred to as the \"Sharon\" Conglomerate.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Here, the rocks are generally massive (= non-bedded) quartz-pebble conglomerates.  Other clast lithologies and sizes are also present, including angular shale clasts, angular sandstone clasts (both derived from erosion of the underlying Logan Formation of Early Mississippian age), rounded to irregularly-shaped ironstone clasts, rounded quartz sandstone pebbles, rounded quartzite pebbles, and rounded silicified limestone pebbles.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A very unusual clast type present at this outcrop is ferruginous, pyrite-cemented and hematite-cemented, quartz-pebble conglomerate (= conglomerate in conglomerate ! ) - the above photo shows this material.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Seen here is the exposed interior of a boulder composed of ferruginous conglomerate, which was observed in only two clasts at this outcrop.  The ferruginous conglomerate itself is older than the surrounding \"Sharon\" conglomerate matrix (not visible in this shot).  The ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate was observed to have pyrite cement between clasts on fresh crack surfaces.  Hematite cement is also present on both weathered and fresh surfaces.  Some limestone clasts are present - usually silicified.  The whitish clast at center is composed of silicified oolitic limestone.  Click on the photo to zoom in and look around.  Notice the rounded, projecting grains in the limestone pebble.  Each rounded grain is an oolite.  Oolites are rounded to subrounded, sand-sized, concentrically layered grains composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3 - either calcite or aragonite).  In this case, the original CaCO3 appears to have been replaced by quartz.  Oolites form by rolling back-and-forth on shallow seafloors by wave action.  Microcrystalline calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitated in layers on the rolling grains.  Bacteria may or may not have played a role in oolite carbonate mineralization.  The oolitic limestone pebble may be derived from the Maxville Limestone, a Middle to Upper Mississippian unit in parts of Ohio.  If derived from outside Ohio (as are the quartz pebbles), it is likely from a Maxville-aged equivalent.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Stratigraphy: \"Sharon\" Conglomerate, lowermost Pottsville Group, Lower Pennsylvanian\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: Jackson North Outcrop - roadcut along the southwestern side of Rt. 35, immediately southeast of the Rt. 35-Lloyds Bridge Road intersection (the northwestern intersection - there are two of them), north of the town of Jackson, northwest-central Jackson County, southern Ohio, USA (39° 06’ 32.94” North latitude, 82° 40’ 39.99” West longitude)",{"id":120,"source_url":121,"license_code":64,"credit_html":122,"title":123,"description":118,"author":68,"original_width":55,"original_height":112},18126,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82928260","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82928260\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Oolitic limestone pebble in ferruginous quartz-pebble conglomerate (boulder in \"Sharon Conglomerate\", Lower Pennsylvanian; Jackson North roadcut, Ohio, USA) 3 (37715580996).jpg",[],[126],"Hematoide",[],{"history":8,"applications":8}]