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","3.3",{"id":327,"name":328,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":329,"mindat_formula":329,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},43563,"Vanadio-oxy-dravite","NaV\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[],[],[333],{"id":334,"txt":335,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":336},3424,"California, USA","USA",105,[339,342,346,349,353,357,361,365,370,374,379,384],{"id":340,"year":11,"html":341,"doi":11},19344982,"Yavuz, Fuat; Celik, Muazzez; Karakaya, Necati (1999): Fibrous foitite from Sebinkarahisar, Giresun Pb-Zn-Cu-(U) mineralized area, northern Turkey. Canadian Mineralogist 37 (1), 155-161.",{"id":343,"year":344,"html":345,"doi":11},527188,1979,"Rosenberg, Philip E., Foit, Franklin F. (1979) Synthesis and characterization of alkali-free tourmaline. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  64 (1-2) 180-186 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM64\u002FAM64_180.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":347,"year":28,"html":348,"doi":11},529571,"Macdonald, Daniel J., Hawthorne, Frank C., Grice, Joel D. (1993) Foitite, ◻Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)]Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> a new alkali-deficient tourmaline: Description and crystal structure. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  78 (11-12) 1299-1303 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM78\u002FAM78_1299.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":350,"year":351,"html":352,"doi":11},15418311,1996,"Grew, Edward S.; Anovitz, Lawrence M. - \u003Ci>Eds.\u003C\u002Fi> (1996) Boron - Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. \u003Ci>Reviews in Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 33. Mineralogical Society of America p.862",{"id":354,"year":355,"html":356,"doi":11},16121617,1997,"Mandarino, Joseph A. (1997) \u003Ci>New Minerals 1990-1994\u003C\u002Fi>. The Mineralogical Record Inc., Tuscon, Arizona. 220pp.",{"id":358,"year":359,"html":360,"doi":11},17093640,1999,"Francis, C. A., Dyar, M. D., Williams, M. L., Hughes, J. M. (1999) The occurrence and crystal structure of foitite from a tungsten-bearing vein at Copper Mountain, Taos County, New Mexico. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  37 (6) 1431-1438 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM37_1431.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":362,"year":359,"html":363,"doi":364},127738,"Aurisicchio, Carlo, Ottolini, Luisa, Pezzotta, Federicο (1999) Electron- and ion-microprobe analyses, and genetic inferences of tourmalines of the foitite-schorl solid solution, Elba Island (Italy) \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  11 (2) 217-226 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F11\u002F2\u002F0217'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F11\u002F2\u002F0217\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F11\u002F2\u002F0217",{"id":366,"year":367,"html":368,"doi":369},127893,2000,"Kahlenberg, Volker, Veličkov, Boza (2000) Structural investigations on a synthetic alkali-free hydrogen-deficient Fe-tourmaline (foitite) \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  12 (5) 947-953 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2000\u002F0012-0947'>doi:10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2000\u002F0012-0947\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002F0935-1221\u002F2000\u002F0012-0947",{"id":371,"year":372,"html":373,"doi":11},16964417,2001,"(2001) Foitite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Ffoitite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":375,"year":376,"html":377,"doi":378},63820,2003,"Medaris, L. G., Fournelle, J. H., Henry, D. J. (2003) Tourmaline-bearing quartz veins in the Baraboo Quartzite, Wisconsin: occurrence and significance of foitite and \"oxy-foitite\". \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  41 (3) 749-758 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.41.3.749'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.41.3.749\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol41\u002FCM41_749.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.41.3.749",{"id":380,"year":381,"html":382,"doi":383},273651,2012,"Henry, D. J., Dutrow, B. L. (2012) Tourmaline at diagenetic to low-grade metamorphic conditions: Its petrologic applicability. \u003Ci>Lithos\u003C\u002Fi>,  154. 16-32 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.lithos.2012.08.013'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.lithos.2012.08.013\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.lithos.2012.08.013",{"id":385,"year":386,"html":387,"doi":388},65258,2015,"Bačík, Peter; Ertl, Andreas; Števko, Martin; Giester, Gerald; Sečkár, Peter (2015) Acicular zoned tourmaline (magnesio-foitite to foitite) from a quartz vein near Tisovec, Slovakia: the relationship between crystal chemistry and acicular habit. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (2). p.221-234. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1400085'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1400085\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1400085",[390,400,408,416,424,433,439,447,457,463,471,478,484,491],{"id":391,"source_url":392,"license_code":393,"credit_html":394,"title":395,"description":396,"author":397,"original_width":398,"original_height":399},9256,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139061","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139061\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Foitite-118182.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFoitite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Foitite\">Foitite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Fisher Quarry, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTopsham\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Topsham\">Topsham\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSagadahoc_County,_Maine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sagadahoc County, Maine\">Sagadahoc County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMaine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Maine\">Maine\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-6590.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.4 x 1.3 x 1.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A gemmy and lustrous, deep blue INDICOLITE variety of foitite crystal with minor green zones of elbaite from the famous Fisher Quarry of Maine! The backlit photo highlights the deep blue color saturation and gemminess. Ex. D.L. Leavitt and James Zigras Collections. 10 grams.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",136,399,{"id":401,"source_url":402,"license_code":393,"credit_html":403,"title":404,"description":405,"author":397,"original_width":406,"original_height":407},9257,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158944","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158944\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Foitite-200670.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFoitite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Foitite\">Foitite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mt Mica Quarry, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FParis\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Paris\">Paris\u003C\u002Fa>, Oxford County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMaine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Maine\">Maine\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3784.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.9 x 1.7 x 1.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A rare, old-time, purple foitite from Mt. Mica, Maine. The lustrous crystal is strongly striated and is doubly terminated, with the terminations being etched. The un-retouched backlit photo highlights the purple color saturation and gemminess of this crystal. From an older museum collection dating to prior to WW I.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",749,651,{"id":409,"source_url":410,"license_code":393,"credit_html":411,"title":412,"description":413,"author":397,"original_width":414,"original_height":415},9258,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158945","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158945\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Foitite-200671.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFoitite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Foitite\">Foitite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mt Mica Quarry, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FParis\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Paris\">Paris\u003C\u002Fa>, Oxford County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMaine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Maine\">Maine\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3784.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.9 x 1.7 x 1.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A rare, old-time, purple foitite from Mt. Mica, Maine. The lustrous crystal is strongly striated with the terminations being etched. The un-retouched backlit photo highlights the purple color saturation and gemminess of this crystal. From an older museum collection dating to prior to WW I.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,396,{"id":417,"source_url":418,"license_code":393,"credit_html":419,"title":420,"description":421,"author":397,"original_width":422,"original_height":423},9255,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10121484","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10121484\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Foitite-Albite-22984.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFoitite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Foitite\">Foitite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Albite\">Albite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Paprok, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNuristan_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Nuristan Province\">Nuristan Province (Nurestan; Nooristan)\u003C\u002Fa>, Afghanistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A riveting purple-capped foitite on contrasting rosettes of stark white albite makes this a highly unusual specimen . The termination is perfect save for a tiny ding on the leftmost small edge which does not visually detract. The purple color is visible, nicely enough, with only minimal back-lighting required and these shots were taken without a particularly strong light. 6.2 x 5.5 x 4 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,597,{"id":425,"source_url":426,"license_code":427,"credit_html":428,"title":429,"description":430,"author":431,"original_width":432,"original_height":130},9259,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=57367211","CC BY-SA 4.0","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=57367211\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Foitite, quartz, orthoclase 1.jpg","tourmaline var. foitite, quartz, feldspar var. orthoclase : Pastori Vein (Filon dei Pastori), Fosso Marcianella Pegmatite, Catri, Sant’Ilario in Campo, Campo nell’Elba, Elba Island, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy","Géry PARENT",1977,{"id":434,"source_url":435,"license_code":427,"credit_html":436,"title":437,"description":430,"author":431,"original_width":438,"original_height":359},9260,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=57367212","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=57367212\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Foitite, quartz, orthoclase.jpg",1365,{"id":440,"source_url":441,"license_code":393,"credit_html":442,"title":443,"description":444,"author":397,"original_width":445,"original_height":446},55475,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450222","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450222\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fluorite-Foitite-Schorl-k-117a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFluorite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fluorite\">Fluorite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFoitite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Foitite\">Foitite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTourmaline\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tourmaline\">Schorl\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Erongo Mountain, Usakos and Omaruru Districts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-21818.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.5 x 5.8 x 3.7 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Schorl, Foitite, Fluorite on Feldspar\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A strange combination specimen featuring a single stark green fluorite isolated on top of schorl crystals. This in itself is unusual. The larger crystals are schorl, and I am told (though havent analysed), that the smaller tourmaline crystals , almost needlelike, are the related tourmaline species foitite\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",800,708,{"id":448,"source_url":449,"license_code":450,"credit_html":451,"title":452,"description":453,"author":454,"original_width":455,"original_height":456},9261,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84649834","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84649834\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Magnesio-foitite tourmaline (Antananarivo Province, Madagascar) 2 (29464353060).jpg","\u003Cp>Magnesio-foitite tourmaline from Madagascar. (centimeter scale)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 5500 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a classic \"garbage-can mineral\" - it has a little bit of just about everything.  Tourmaline can be given the formula (Na,Ca)(Li,Mg,Al)(Fe,Mn,Al)6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH,F)4 - sodium calcium lithium magnesium iron manganese hydroxy-fluoro-boro-aluminosilicate.  Tourmaline has a nonmetallic luster, varies in color but is often blackish, has a white streak, is quite hard (H = 7 to 7.5), frequently has elongated crystals with rounded triangular cross-sections and striated faces, no cleavage, and conchoidal fracture.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a group of minerals, the most common of which is the blackish-colored, Fe-rich schorl (see elsewhere in this photo album).  Dark brown, Mg-rich dravite is another moderately common variety of tourmaline.  Other varieties include achroite, elbaite (Li & Na-rich), indicolite, liddicoatite (Li & Ca-rich), rubellite, verdelite, and others.  The latter-listed tourmalines are often richly colored (greenish, yellowish, reddish, pinkish, bluish, multicolored).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is moderately common in pegmatites and some metamorphic rocks.  It can even be rock-forming - see the scarce rock tourmalinite (<a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002F15095512541\">https:\u002F\u002Fwww.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002F15095512541\u003C\u002Fa>\">www.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002F15095512541<\u002Fa>).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The crystal shown above is a scarce variety of tourmaline called magnesio-foitite (magnesiofoitite) - Na(Mg2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)4 (= sodium magnesium hydroxy-boro-aluminosilicate).  This specimen likely comes from a pegmatite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: unrecorded locality attributed to Antananarivo Province, central Madagascar\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of tourmaline:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4003\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4003\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">www.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4003<\u002Fa>","James St. John",2955,2494,{"id":458,"source_url":459,"license_code":393,"credit_html":460,"title":461,"description":444,"author":397,"original_width":462,"original_height":414},55476,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450223","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450223\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fluorite-Foitite-Schorl-k-117b.jpg",327,{"id":464,"source_url":465,"license_code":450,"credit_html":466,"title":467,"description":468,"author":454,"original_width":469,"original_height":470},9262,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84649835","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84649835\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Magnesio-foitite tourmaline (Antananarivo Province, Madagascar) 4 (29644307752).jpg","\u003Cp>Magnesio-foitite tourmaline from Madagascar.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 5500 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a classic \"garbage-can mineral\" - it has a little bit of just about everything.  Tourmaline can be given the formula (Na,Ca)(Li,Mg,Al)(Fe,Mn,Al)6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH,F)4 - sodium calcium lithium magnesium iron manganese hydroxy-fluoro-boro-aluminosilicate.  Tourmaline has a nonmetallic luster, varies in color but is often blackish, has a white streak, is quite hard (H = 7 to 7.5), frequently has elongated crystals with rounded triangular cross-sections and striated faces, no cleavage, and conchoidal fracture.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is a group of minerals, the most common of which is the blackish-colored, Fe-rich schorl (see elsewhere in this photo album).  Dark brown, Mg-rich dravite is another moderately common variety of tourmaline.  Other varieties include achroite, elbaite (Li & Na-rich), indicolite, liddicoatite (Li & Ca-rich), rubellite, verdelite, and others.  The latter-listed tourmalines are often richly colored (greenish, yellowish, reddish, pinkish, bluish, multicolored).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Tourmaline is moderately common in pegmatites and some metamorphic rocks.  It can even be rock-forming - see the scarce rock tourmalinite (<a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002F15095512541\">https:\u002F\u002Fwww.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002F15095512541\u003C\u002Fa>\">www.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002F15095512541<\u002Fa>).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The crystal shown above is a scarce variety of tourmaline called magnesio-foitite (magnesiofoitite) - Na(Mg2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)4 (= sodium magnesium hydroxy-boro-aluminosilicate).  This specimen likely comes from a pegmatite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: unrecorded locality attributed to Antananarivo Province, central Madagascar\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of tourmaline:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4003\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4003\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">www.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=4003<\u002Fa>",3030,2167,{"id":472,"source_url":473,"license_code":427,"credit_html":474,"title":475,"description":430,"author":431,"original_width":476,"original_height":477},55477,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=57367228","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=57367228\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Foitite, quartz, orthoclase 2.jpg",1467,2002,{"id":237,"source_url":479,"license_code":450,"credit_html":480,"title":481,"description":453,"author":454,"original_width":482,"original_height":483},"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84649830","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84649830\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Magnesio-foitite tourmaline (Antananarivo Province, Madagascar) 1 (29720690186).jpg",2729,2152,{"id":485,"source_url":486,"license_code":450,"credit_html":487,"title":488,"description":453,"author":454,"original_width":489,"original_height":490},15013,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84649833","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84649833\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Magnesio-foitite tourmaline (Antananarivo Province, Madagascar) 3 (29464346450).jpg",2549,2323,{"id":492,"source_url":493,"license_code":450,"credit_html":494,"title":495,"description":496,"author":497,"original_width":498,"original_height":499},55485,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113483783","Thomas Liske from Dresden, Deutschland, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113483783\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schorl rock - foitite (9146095513).jpg","\u003Cp>Erongo-Berge, Namibia\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n@ <a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.terra-mineralia.de\u002F\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.terra-mineralia.de\u002F\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">terra mineralia<\u002Fa>","Thomas Liske from Dresden, Deutschland",2576,4168,[501,507,512,517],{"id":502,"url":503,"label":504,"formula":505,"spacegroup":506,"year":381},4947,"\u002Fcif\u002F4947.cif","Ertl 2012","Na.37 Fe1.188 Al6.873 Mg.819 Mn.081 Li.021 Ti.009 Zn.009 Si5.958 B3 F.05 O30.95 H5.85","R 3 m",{"id":508,"url":509,"label":510,"formula":511,"spacegroup":506,"year":367},4948,"\u002Fcif\u002F4948.cif","Kahlenberg 2000","Fe1.581 Al7.419 Si6 B3 O31 H3.58",{"id":513,"url":514,"label":515,"formula":516,"spacegroup":506,"year":359},4949,"\u002Fcif\u002F4949.cif","Francis 1999","Na.414 Ca.002 K.002 (Fe1.71 Al6.99 Mg.3) Si6 B2.88 O30.89 F.11 H3.54",{"id":518,"url":519,"label":520,"formula":521,"spacegroup":506,"year":28},4950,"\u002Fcif\u002F4950.cif","MacDonald 1993","Na.25 Al6.891 Fe1.599 Mn.24 Mg.051 Li.219 Si6 B3 (O31 H4)",[523,524],"Foitiet","IMA1992-034",[526,530,535,539,542,545,548],{"lang":527,"names":528},"ca",[529],"foitita",{"lang":531,"names":532},"de",[533,534],"Foitit","IMA 1992-034",{"lang":536,"names":537},"eu",[538],"Foitita",{"lang":540,"names":541},"fr",[7],{"lang":543,"names":544},"it",[7],{"lang":546,"names":547},"pl",[533],{"lang":549,"names":550},"zh",[551],"福伊特石","Q3747023",{"history":11,"applications":11}]