[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1607":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":22,"impurities":23,"cim":24,"ima_status":25,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":27,"discovery_year":28,"strunz10ed1":29,"strunz10ed2":30,"strunz10ed3":31,"strunz10ed4":32,"dana8ed1":33,"dana8ed2":34,"dana8ed3":35,"dana8ed4":36,"csystem":37,"cclass":38,"spacegroup":39,"spacegroupset":40,"a":41,"b":40,"c":42,"alpha":40,"beta":40,"gamma":40,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":43,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":11,"tlform":44,"hmin":45,"hmax":46,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":40,"vhnmax":40,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":47,"dmeas2":47,"dcalc":40,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":48,"lustre":11,"lustretype":49,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":11,"streak":50,"colour":51,"commentcolor":11,"colors":52,"streak_colors":56,"luminescence":11,"uv":57,"cleavage":58,"cleavagetype":59,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":60,"opticalsign":61,"opticalalpha":40,"opticalalpha2":40,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":40,"opticalbeta2":40,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":40,"opticalgamma2":40,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":62,"opticalomega2":40,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":63,"opticalepsilon2":40,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":40,"opticaln2":40,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":40,"optical2vcalc2":40,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":40,"optical2vmeasured2":40,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":64,"rimax":65,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":66,"opticalpleochorismdesc":67,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":68,"other":69,"industrial":11,"occurrence":70,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":71,"description_short":72,"aboutname":73,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":74,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":75,"group_members":76,"associates":77,"confused_with":94,"type_localities":100,"occurrence_total":107,"citations":108,"images":266,"structures":306,"synonyms":321,"language_names":324,"wikidata_qid":341,"texts":342},1607,"1:1:1607:6","d1f396d7-5c40-4278-bb24-dd48909ed14e","Fresnoite","Fno",0,"mineral",null,736,false,"Ba\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ti(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)O","Ba\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>TiO(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)",[17,18,19,20],"Ba","Si","Ti","O",[17,18,19,20],[17,19],",Al,Fe,Mn,Mg,Ca,Sr,K,,","14.9.11",[26],"APPROVED",1965,"1960","9","B","E","15","55","4","2","1","Tetragonal",25,161,"0","8.52","5.21",2,"Sparse grains, generally less than 1 mm long.",3,4,"4.43","Determined using a sample totaling 10.77 mg.","Vitreous","White","Lemon to canary yellow",[53,54,55],"yellow","colorless","white",[55],"Pale yellow under SW UV @ 265.2 nm.\r\nNo fluorescence under LW UV @ 365.0 nm.","\u003Cmi>(001)\u003C\u002Fmi>","Imperfect\u002FFair","Uniaxial","-","1.775","1.765",1.765,1.775,"Visible","In transmitted polarized light, from yellow to colorless. The mineral characteristically shows anomalous blueinterference colors.","Fuses at about 4. Partially melted when heated in an electric furnace to 1200 °C and completely melted at 1300 °C to a yellow glass.","Insoluble or only slightly soluble in most cold dilute acids and bases. Decomposed by hot 1:1 HCl and cold acetic acid leaving a colorless residue.","Gneissic metamorphic rocks composed mainly of sanbornite and quartz.","California Division of Mines and Geology, San Francisco, California, USA.","The Ba analogue of alfredcasparite.\r\nFresnoite is ferroelectric.","Named by John T. Alfors, Melvin C. Stinson, Robert A. Matthews and Adolf Pabst in 1965 for Fresno County that includes the type locality.","2026-03-22 20:39:21",[],[],[78,86],{"id":79,"name":80,"entrytype":9,"csystem":81,"ima_formula":82,"mindat_formula":82,"hmin":83,"hmax":83,"dmeas":40,"dcalc":84,"primary_image_id":85},112,"Alforsite","Hexagonal","Ba\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl",5,"4.80",633,{"id":87,"name":88,"entrytype":9,"csystem":81,"ima_formula":89,"mindat_formula":90,"hmin":83,"hmax":83,"dmeas":91,"dcalc":92,"primary_image_id":93},4007,"Traskite","Ba\u003Csub>21\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca(Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Mn,Ti)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(Ti,Fe,Mg)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>36\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(O,OH)\u003Csub>30\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · 14H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ba\u003Csub>21\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca(Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Mn,Ti)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(Ti,Fe,Mg)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>36\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(O,OH)\u003Csub>30\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>·14H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O ","3.71","3.75",12921,[95],{"id":96,"name":97,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":98,"hmin":45,"hmax":46,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":99,"primary_image_id":11},470833,"Alfredcasparite","Sr\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>TiO(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.950",[101],{"id":102,"txt":103,"latitude":104,"longitude":105,"country":106},8237,"Esquire No. 7 claim, Big Creek, Big Creek-Rush Creek Mining District, Fresno County, California, USA",36.9166667,-119.245,"USA",26,[109,112,115,118,121,124,129,133,138,143,148,153,157,162,166,171,176,181,185,190,194,198,202,206,210,214,218,223,228,233,237,242,247,252,256,261],{"id":110,"year":11,"html":111,"doi":11},17538879,"Halliyal, A.; Bhalla, A. S.; Markgraf, S. A.; Cross, L. E.; Newnham, R. E. (1985): Unusual pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties of fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8) single crystal and polar glass-ceramics. Ferroelectrics 62(1-2), 27-38.",{"id":113,"year":11,"html":114,"doi":11},17538883,"Markgraf, S. A.; Sharm, S. K.; Bhalla, A. S. (1993): Raman study of fresnoite-type materials: polarized single crystal, crystalline powders, and glasses. Journal of Materials Research 8(3), 635-648.",{"id":116,"year":11,"html":117,"doi":11},17538884,"Markgraf, S. A.; Halliyal, A.; Bhalla, A. S.; Newnham, R. E.; Prewitt, C. T. (1985): X-ray structure refinement and pyroelectric investigation of fresnoite, Ba2TiSi2O8. Ferroelectrics 62(1-2), 17-26.",{"id":119,"year":11,"html":120,"doi":11},17538933,"Völtzke, Dieter; Müller, Thomas; Abicht, Hans Peter; Freude, Dieter (1991): Zur Synthese von reinem Fresnoit [On the synthesis of pure fresnoite]. Silikattechnik 42(9), 313-318. (In German.) ",{"id":122,"year":27,"html":123,"doi":11},524222,"Alfors, John T., Stinson, Melvin C., Matthews, Robert A., Pabst, Adolf (1965) Seven new barium minerals from eastern Fresno County, California. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  50 (3-4) 314-340 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM50\u002FAM50_314.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":125,"year":126,"html":127,"doi":128},401637,1967,"Masse, René, Grenier, Jean-Claude, Durif-Varambon, André (1967) Structure cristalline de la fresnoïte. \u003Ci>Bulletin de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fi>,  90 (1) 20-23 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1967.6061'>doi:10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1967.6061\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1967.6061",{"id":130,"year":126,"html":131,"doi":132},2238654,"Moore, P. B., Louisnathan, J. (1967) Fresnoite: Unusal Titanium Coordination. \u003Ci>Science\u003C\u002Fi>, 156 (3780) 1361-1362 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1126\u002Fscience.156.3780.1361'>doi:10.1126\u002Fscience.156.3780.1361\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1126\u002Fscience.156.3780.1361",{"id":134,"year":135,"html":136,"doi":137},16788340,1968,"Blasse, G. (1968) Fluorescence of compounds with fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8) structure. \u003Ci>Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  30 (8) 2283-2284 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0022-1902(68)80233-7'>doi:10.1016\u002F0022-1902(68)80233-7\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0022-1902(68)80233-7",{"id":139,"year":140,"html":141,"doi":142},107907,1969,"Moore, Paul B.; Louisnathan, S. John (1969) The crystal structure of fresnoite, Ba\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(TiO)Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  130 (1-6). 438-448 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1969.130.1-6.438'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1969.130.1-6.438\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fzk\u002Fvol130\u002FZK130_438.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1969.130.1-6.438",{"id":144,"year":145,"html":146,"doi":147},10700790,1970,"Robbins, C.R. (1970) Synthesis and growth of fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8) from a TiO2 flux and its relation to the system BaTiO3-SiO2. \u003Ci>Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Section A: Physics and Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>, 74 (2). 229pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.6028\u002Fjres.074a.018'>doi:10.6028\u002Fjres.074a.018\u003C\u002Fa>","10.6028\u002Fjres.074a.018",{"id":149,"year":150,"html":151,"doi":152},8461622,1976,"Kimura, Masakazu, Fujino, Yoshio, Kawamura, Tsutomu (1976) New piezoelectric crystal: Synthetic fresnoite (Ba2Si2TiO8). \u003Ci>Applied Physics Letters\u003C\u002Fi>, 29 (4). 227-228 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1063\u002F1.89045'>doi:10.1063\u002F1.89045\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1063\u002F1.89045",{"id":154,"year":150,"html":155,"doi":156},5732595,"Eckstein, J.; Recker, K.; Wallrafen, F. (1976) Züchtung von Fresnoit, Ba2TiSi2O8. \u003Ci>Die Naturwissenschaften\u003C\u002Fi>,  63 (9). 435 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00599417'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00599417\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00599417",{"id":158,"year":159,"html":160,"doi":161},4994567,1977,"Kimura, Masakazu (1977) Elastic and piezoelectric properties of Ba2Si2TiO8. \u003Ci>Journal of Applied Physics\u003C\u002Fi>, 48 (7). 2850-2856 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1063\u002F1.324092'>doi:10.1063\u002F1.324092\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1063\u002F1.324092",{"id":163,"year":159,"html":164,"doi":165},2740136,"Haussühl, S., Eckstein, J., Recker, K., Wallrafen, F. (1977) Growth and physical properties of fresnoite Ba2TiSi2O8. \u003Ci>Journal of Crystal Growth\u003C\u002Fi>, 40 (2). 200-204 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0022-0248(77)90006-9'>doi:10.1016\u002F0022-0248(77)90006-9\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0022-0248(77)90006-9",{"id":167,"year":168,"html":169,"doi":170},5457879,1978,"Bechthold, P.S., Haussühl, S., Michael, E.', Eckstein, J., Recker, K., Wallrafen, F. (1978) Second harmonic generation in fresnoite, Ba2TiSi2O8. \u003Ci>Physics Letters A\u003C\u002Fi>, 65. 453-454 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0375-9601(78)90469-3'>doi:10.1016\u002F0375-9601(78)90469-3\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0375-9601(78)90469-3",{"id":172,"year":173,"html":174,"doi":175},16796136,1979,"Blasse, G. (1979) Fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8): A luminescent compound with a long decay time. \u003Ci>Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  41 (5) 639-641 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0022-1902(79)80347-4'>doi:10.1016\u002F0022-1902(79)80347-4\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0022-1902(79)80347-4",{"id":177,"year":178,"html":179,"doi":180},151169,1981,"Gabelica-Robert, M., Tarte, P. (1981) Vibrational spectrum of fresnoite (Ba2TiOSi2O7) and isostructural compounds. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  7 (1) 26-30 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00308197'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00308197\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00308197",{"id":182,"year":178,"html":183,"doi":184},9984976,"Halliyal, A., Bhalla, A. S., Newnham, R. E., Cross, L. E. (1981) Ba2TiGe2O8 and Ba2TiSi2O8 pyroelectric glass-ceramics. \u003Ci>Journal of Materials Science\u003C\u002Fi>, 16. 1023-1028 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00542748'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00542748\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00542748",{"id":186,"year":187,"html":188,"doi":189},81650,1982,"IIJIMA, K., MARUMO, F., KIMURA, M., KAWAMURA, T. (1982) Synthesis and crystal structures of compounds in the system Ba2TiGe2O8-Ba2TiSi2O8. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Journal\u003C\u002Fi>,  11 (3) 107-118 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fminerj.11.107'>doi:10.2465\u002Fminerj.11.107\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fminerj.11.107",{"id":191,"year":192,"html":193,"doi":11},16109842,1996,"Farges, F. (1996) Coordination of Ti in crystalline and glassy fresnoites: a high resolution XANES spectroscopy study at the Ti K-edge. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: 204: 53-64.",{"id":195,"year":196,"html":197,"doi":11},16109843,1999,"Kleine, S. (1999) The Great Fresnoite Discovery of 1998. Rock & Gem: 29(3): p52.",{"id":199,"year":196,"html":200,"doi":201},5095307,"Foster, M. C., Arbogast, D. J., Nielson, R. M., Photinos, P., Abrahams, S. C. (1999) Fresnoite: A new ferroelectric mineral. \u003Ci>Journal of Applied Physics\u003C\u002Fi>, 85 (4). 2299-2303 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1063\u002F1.369541'>doi:10.1063\u002F1.369541\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1063\u002F1.369541",{"id":203,"year":196,"html":204,"doi":205},17538881,"Höche, T.; Rüssel, C.; Neumann, W. (1999) Incommensurate modulations in Ba2TiSi2O8, Sr2TiSi2O8, and Ba2TiGe2O8. \u003Ci>Solid State Communications\u003C\u002Fi>,  110 (12). 651-656 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fs0038-1098(99)00145-3'>doi:10.1016\u002Fs0038-1098(99)00145-3\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fs0038-1098(99)00145-3",{"id":207,"year":208,"html":209,"doi":11},16964455,2001,"(2001) Fresnoite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Ffresnoite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":211,"year":208,"html":212,"doi":213},11354985,"Höche, Thomas; Kleebe, Hans-Joachim; Brydson, Rik (2001) Can fresnoite (Ba\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>TiSi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>) incorporate Ti\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup> when crystallizing from highly reduced melts? \u003Ci>Philosophical Magazine A\u003C\u002Fi>,  81 (4). 825-839 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F01418610151133258'>doi:10.1080\u002F01418610151133258\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1080\u002F01418610151133258",{"id":215,"year":208,"html":216,"doi":217},16724108,"Mayerhöfer, Th.G, Dunken, H.H (2001) Single-crystal IR spectroscopic investigation on fresnoite, Sr-fresnoite and Ge-fresnoite. \u003Ci>Vibrational Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>,  25 (2) 185-195 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fs0924-2031(01)00090-x'>doi:10.1016\u002Fs0924-2031(01)00090-x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fs0924-2031(01)00090-x",{"id":219,"year":220,"html":221,"doi":222},152947,2002,"Withers, R. L., Tabira, Y., Liu, Y., Höche, T. (2002) A TEM and RUM study of the inherent displacive flexibility of the fresnoite framework structure type. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  29 (9) 624-632 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-002-0265-3'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-002-0265-3\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-002-0265-3",{"id":224,"year":225,"html":226,"doi":227},2898087,2010,"Mann, Matthew, Abbott, Edward E., Kolis, Joseph W. (2010) Hydrothermal crystal growth of fresnoite. \u003Ci>Journal of Crystal Growth\u003C\u002Fi>, 312 (22). 3395-3400 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jcrysgro.2010.08.023'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.jcrysgro.2010.08.023\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.jcrysgro.2010.08.023",{"id":229,"year":230,"html":231,"doi":232},590448,2011,"Abbott, Edward E.; Mann, Matthew; Kolis, Joseph W. (2011) Hydrothermal synthesis of compounds in the fresnoite mineral family (Ba2TiSi2O8). \u003Ci>Journal of Solid State Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  184 (5). 1257-1262 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2010.12.024'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2010.12.024\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2010.12.024",{"id":234,"year":230,"html":235,"doi":236},8449000,"Schmid, S., Allen, P. (2011) Phase transitions in modulated fresnoite phases for piezoelectric applications. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography\u003C\u002Fi>, 67.  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0108767311082122'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0108767311082122\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0108767311082122",{"id":238,"year":239,"html":240,"doi":241},5200029,2014,"Shen, Chuanying, Zhang, Huaijin, Cong, Hengjiang, Yu, Haohai, Wang, Jiyang, Zhang, Shujun (2014) Investigations on the thermal and piezoelectric properties of fresnoite Ba2TiSi2O8 single crystals. \u003Ci>Journal of Applied Physics\u003C\u002Fi>, 116 (4). 44106pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1063\u002F1.4891827'>doi:10.1063\u002F1.4891827\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1063\u002F1.4891827",{"id":243,"year":244,"html":245,"doi":246},2719283,2017,"Shen, Chuanying, Zhang, Huaijin, Wang, Duanliang, Wang, Jiyang, Boughton, Robert (2017) Optical Properties of the Fresnoite Ba2TiSi2O8 Single Crystal. \u003Ci>Crystals\u003C\u002Fi>, 7 (2) 53 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fcryst7020053'>doi:10.3390\u002Fcryst7020053\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F2073-4352\u002F7\u002F2\u002F53\u002Fpdf?version=1486809456' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fcryst7020053",{"id":248,"year":249,"html":250,"doi":251},2915609,2018,"Shen, Chuanying, Wang, Duanliang, Zhang, Jinyue, Zhang, Huaijin, Wang, Jiyang, Boughton, Robert I. (2018) The growth and investigations of electromechanical properties of Fresnoite Ba2Si2TiO8 crystal as a function of orientation. \u003Ci>Journal of Crystal Growth\u003C\u002Fi>,  487. 17-22 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jcrysgro.2018.02.003'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.jcrysgro.2018.02.003\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.jcrysgro.2018.02.003",{"id":253,"year":249,"html":254,"doi":255},12683124,"Sahu, Manjulata; Mukherjee, Sumanta; Keskar, Meera; Krishnan, K.; Dash, Smruti; Tomar, B.S. (2018) Investigations of thermophysico-chemical properties of Ba2TiSi2O8 (s) and Sr2TiSi2O8 (s). \u003Ci>Thermochimica Acta\u003C\u002Fi>,  663. 215-226 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.tca.2018.02.003'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.tca.2018.02.003\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.tca.2018.02.003",{"id":257,"year":258,"html":259,"doi":260},17046630,2023,"Chukanov, Nikita V., Kazheva, Olga N., Fischer, Reinhard X., Aksenov, Sergey M. (2023) Refinement of the crystal structure of fresnoite, Ba\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>TiSi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>, from Löhley (Eifel district, Germany); Gladstone–Dale compatibility, electronic polarizability and vibrational spectroscopy of minerals and inorganic compounds with pentacoordinated Ti\u003Csup>IV\u003C\u002Fsup>and a titanyl bond. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  79 (2) 184-194 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs2052520622012045'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs2052520622012045\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.iucr.org\u002Fb\u002Fissues\u002F2023\u002F02\u002F00\u002Fra5120\u002Fra5120.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs2052520622012045",{"id":262,"year":263,"html":264,"doi":265},17513484,2024,"Kim, Hwangsun (Sunny), Tiukalova, Elizaveta, Manley, Michael E, Hermann, Raphael P, Chi, Miaofang, Lupini, Andrew R (2024) Atomic Scale Observation of Incommensurate Modulation in Ba2TiSi2O8. \u003Ci>Microscopy and Microanalysis\u003C\u002Fi>,  30.  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fmam\u002Fozae044.747'>doi:10.1093\u002Fmam\u002Fozae044.747\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1093\u002Fmam\u002Fozae044.747",[267,277,284,292,300],{"id":268,"source_url":269,"license_code":270,"credit_html":271,"title":272,"description":273,"author":274,"original_width":275,"original_height":276},9409,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139229","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139229\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fresnoite-118478.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFresnoite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fresnoite\">Fresnoite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Junnila mine, New Idria District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDiablo_Range\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Diablo Range\">Diablo Range\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Benito_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Benito County, California\">San Benito County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3536.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.1 x 0.8 x 0.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An aesthetic thumbnail of gemmy, lustrous, sharp, burnt-yellow to peach-colored fresnoite blades from the Junilla Mine of California. Fresnoite is RARE barium, titanium silicate and this is a cutie. From finds in the mid 90s, and not found in this quality since.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",256,300,{"id":278,"source_url":279,"license_code":270,"credit_html":280,"title":281,"description":282,"author":274,"original_width":276,"original_height":283},9410,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149990","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149990\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fresnoite-Quartz-171767.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFresnoite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fresnoite\">Fresnoite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Junnila mine, New Idria District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDiablo_Range\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Diablo Range\">Diablo Range\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Benito_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Benito County, California\">San Benito County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3536.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.6 x 1.3 x 1.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Fresnoite is an ULTRA-RARE barium, titanium silicate and this cutie features a 7 mm, gemmy, lustrous, sharp, burnt-yellow, blocky, complex crystal jauntily perched on quartz matrix from a recent, small find of this hard-to-get species.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,{"id":285,"source_url":286,"license_code":270,"credit_html":287,"title":288,"description":289,"author":274,"original_width":290,"original_height":291},9411,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10155673","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10155673\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fresnoite-Quartz-192717.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFresnoite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fresnoite\">Fresnoite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Junnila mine, New Idria District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDiablo_Range\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Diablo Range\">Diablo Range\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Benito_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Benito County, California\">San Benito County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3536.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.9 x 1.7 x 0.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Fresnoite is a rare barium, titanium silicate and this fine thumbnail is richly covered with lustrous, sharp, burnt-yellow, blocky, complex crystals to 6 mm perched on quartz matrix from a small find of this hard-to-get species. This is a particularly rich and showy specimen of this rare species from the 1998 find.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",450,419,{"id":293,"source_url":294,"license_code":270,"credit_html":295,"title":296,"description":297,"author":274,"original_width":298,"original_height":299},9412,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10460958","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10460958\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Analcime-Fresnoite-rare08-2-75a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnalcime\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Analcime\">Analcime\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFresnoite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Fresnoite\">Fresnoite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Junnila mine, New Idria District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDiablo_Range\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Diablo Range\">Diablo Range\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Benito_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Benito County, California\">San Benito County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3536.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 3.5 x 3 x 2.25 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Fresnoite on Analcime\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A 1.2 x 1.1 x 0.3 cm fresnoite crystal stands dramatically upon contrasting matrix here! Fresnoite is among the rarest of the San Benito County mineral suite, perched on contrasting matrix of small analcime crystals! The world's best fresonites , undisputedly came from a small region near the benitoite mine in this region, in particular the Junnila Claim. This is from the find of Scott Kleine in about 2002, called the \"4th of July Pocket\". It resided in his collection for some time , and I always felt it was one of the better miniatures in the find (and thus for the species).\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",754,800,{"id":301,"source_url":302,"license_code":270,"credit_html":303,"title":304,"description":297,"author":274,"original_width":283,"original_height":305},9413,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10460960","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10460960\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Analcime-Fresnoite-rare08-2-75b.jpg",349,[307,313,317],{"id":308,"url":309,"label":310,"formula":311,"spacegroup":312,"year":258},5256,"\u002Fcif\u002F5256.cif","Chukanov 2023","Ba2 Ti Si2 O8","P 4 b m",{"id":314,"url":315,"label":316,"formula":311,"spacegroup":312,"year":140},5257,"\u002Fcif\u002F5257.cif","Moore 1969",{"id":318,"url":319,"label":320,"formula":311,"spacegroup":312,"year":126},5259,"\u002Fcif\u002F5259.cif","Masse 1967",[322,323],"Fresnoiet","IMA1964-012",[325,329,334,338],{"lang":326,"names":327},"ca",[328],"fresnoïta",{"lang":330,"names":331},"de",[332,333],"Fresnoit","IMA 1964-012",{"lang":335,"names":336},"eu",[337],"Fresnoita",{"lang":339,"names":340},"it",[7],"Q3753113",{"history":11,"applications":11}]