[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1660":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":23,"key_elements":24,"impurities":11,"cim":25,"ima_status":26,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":28,"publication_year":28,"discovery_year":29,"strunz10ed1":30,"strunz10ed2":31,"strunz10ed3":19,"strunz10ed4":32,"dana8ed1":33,"dana8ed2":34,"dana8ed3":35,"dana8ed4":34,"csystem":36,"cclass":11,"spacegroup":11,"spacegroupset":37,"a":38,"b":37,"c":39,"alpha":37,"beta":37,"gamma":37,"aerror":40,"berror":11,"cerror":40,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":41,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":42,"twinning":43,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":44,"tlform":45,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":47,"vhnmax":37,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":48,"dmeas2":49,"dcalc":50,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":51,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":52,"commentluster":53,"diapheny":54,"streak":55,"colour":56,"commentcolor":11,"colors":57,"streak_colors":63,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":64,"cleavagetype":65,"fracturetype":66,"tenacity":67,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":68,"opticalsign":69,"opticalalpha":37,"opticalalpha2":37,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":37,"opticalbeta2":37,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":37,"opticalgamma2":37,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":70,"opticalomega2":71,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":72,"opticalepsilon2":73,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":37,"opticaln2":37,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":37,"optical2vcalc2":37,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":37,"optical2vmeasured2":37,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":74,"rimax":75,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":76,"opticalpleochorismdesc":77,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":78,"opticalinternal":79,"opticaltropic":80,"opticalanisotropism":81,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":82,"specdispm":11,"ir":83,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":84,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":85,"description_short":86,"aboutname":87,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":88,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":89,"group_members":90,"associates":91,"confused_with":92,"type_localities":93,"occurrence_total":100,"citations":101,"images":171,"structures":357,"synonyms":370,"language_names":373,"wikidata_qid":397,"texts":398},1660,"1:1:1660:1","352d9fcd-03fb-4aff-814d-70d5fd1c4d72","Gaudefroyite","Gfy",0,"mineral",null,1671,false,"Ca\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2-3\u003C\u002Fsub>(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(O,OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","Ca\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",[17,18,19,20,21,22],"Ca","Mn","B","O","C","H",[17,18,19,20,21],[19],"10.4.6",[27],"APPROVED",1964,"1964","6","A","60","27","1","2","Hexagonal","0","10.589","5.891",1,2,"Point Group: 6 or 6m.; Space Group: P63 or disordered P63\u002Fm","None observed in type material","Hexagonal prisms with pyramidal terminations. \u003Cmi>(10_10), (11_20), (20_21), (11_21), (10_11).\u003C\u002Fmi>","Acicular hexagonal prisms up to 5 cm long, with pyramidal terminations.",6,"840","3.35","3.50","3.49",5,"Vitreous,Dull","Vitreous to dull","Opaque","Brown","Black",[58,59,60,61,62],"black","brown","red","orange","yellow",[59],"Prismatic {11.0)","Distinct\u002FGood","Conchoidal","brittle","Uniaxial","+","1.805","1.81","2.015","2.02",1.805,2.02,"Strong","O = pale yellowish brown; E = red-orange","Gray","Strong yellow-orange to reddish","Anisotropic","Strong, in pale gray","(11.2,15.4) 400,\r\n(10.4,14.2) 440,\r\n(9.9,13.4) 480,\r\n(9.6,12.8) 520,\r\n(9.5,12.3) 560,\r\n(9.4,12.1) 600,\r\n(9.3,11.9) 640,\r\n(9.3,11.7) 680,\r\n(9.3,11.7) 700","Tachgagalt mine material [cm\u003Csup>-1\u003C\u002Fsup>]: 1494s, 1219s, 1138, 1110, 937, 878w, 856, 795w, 764, 752w, 735sh, 724s, 663, 621s, 591s, 550sh, 470s, 408w","Hydrothermal mineral in manganese deposits","Geological Survey of Morocco, Rabat, Morocco.\r\nNatural History Museum, Paris, France, 165.34.\r\nNational School of Mines, Paris, France.","Opaque, but transparent in thin slivers.","Named in 1964 by Georges Jouravsky and François Permingeat in honor of Christophe-Léon Gaudefroy (1878, Beaucamps-le-Vieux, Somme, France - 1971), French ecclesiastic and mineralogist.  He was the professor of mineralogy at the Catholic Institute of Paris for nearly 30 years and also worked at the Sorbonne.  After that, he worked for the Geological Survey of Morocco.","2026-03-08 17:59:21",[],[],[],[],[94],{"id":95,"txt":96,"latitude":97,"longitude":98,"country":99},10226,"Tachgagalt Mine, Tansifte Caïdat, Agdz Cercle, Zagora Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco",30.7833333,-6.85,"Morocco",7,[102,105,109,112,116,120,123,127,131,135,139,144,148,153,158,162,167],{"id":103,"year":11,"html":104,"doi":11},18659483,"Granger, M.M. and Protas, J. (1965): Détermination de la structure de la gaudefroyite. C.R. Acad. Sci. 260, 4553-4555.",{"id":106,"year":28,"html":107,"doi":108},401411,"Jouravsky, Georges, Permingeat, François (1964) La gaudefroyite, une nouvelle espèce minérale. \u003Ci>Bulletin de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fi>,  87 (2) 216-229 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1964.5729'>doi:10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1964.5729\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FBSFMC87_216.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1964.5729",{"id":110,"year":28,"html":111,"doi":11},16110124,"Couffon, M., Protas, J. (1964) Etude et description de la structure de la gaudefroyite. Bulletin de la Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie: 87(4).",{"id":113,"year":114,"html":115,"doi":11},524285,1965,"Fleischer, Michael (1965) New Mineral Names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  50 (5-6) 805-813 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM50\u002FAM50_805.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":117,"year":118,"html":119,"doi":11},16110126,1975,"Yakubovich, O.V., Simonov, M.A., Belov, N.V. (1975) Accurate definition of Gaudefroyite Ca4Mn33+O3(BO3)3(CO3) crystal structure. Kristallografiya: 20(1): 152-155.",{"id":121,"year":118,"html":122,"doi":11},16110127,"Yakubovich, O.V., Simonov, M.A., Belov, N.V. (1975) Structure refinement of gaudefroyite. Soviet Physics and Crystallography: 20: 87-88.",{"id":124,"year":125,"html":126,"doi":11},16110128,1993,"Beukes, G.J., Bruiyn, H.D., Van der Westhuizen, W.A. (1993) Gaudefroyite from the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Monatshefte: 1993(9): 385-392.",{"id":128,"year":129,"html":130,"doi":11},15418311,1996,"Grew, Edward S.; Anovitz, Lawrence M. - \u003Ci>Eds.\u003C\u002Fi> (1996) Boron - Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. \u003Ci>Reviews in Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 33. Mineralogical Society of America p.862",{"id":132,"year":129,"html":133,"doi":134},127505,"Hoffmann, Christina, Armbruster, Thomas, Kunz, Martin (1996) Structure refinement of (001) disordered gaudefroyite Ca\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>[(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>]: Jahn-Teller-distortion in edge-sharing chains of Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> octahedra. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  9 (1) 7-20 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F9\u002F1\u002F0007'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F9\u002F1\u002F0007\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F9\u002F1\u002F0007",{"id":136,"year":137,"html":138,"doi":11},16110130,1999,"Hassan, I., Duane, M.J. (1999) The differential thermal analysis of gaudefroyite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 37: 1363-1368.",{"id":140,"year":141,"html":142,"doi":143},394276,2000,"Hassan, Ishmael (2000) Transmission electron microscopy study of gaudefroyite, Ca\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>[(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>]. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  85 (9) 1188-1194 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2000-8-911'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2000-8-911\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2000-8-911",{"id":145,"year":146,"html":147,"doi":11},16964523,2005,"(2005) Gaudefroyite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fgaudefroyite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":149,"year":150,"html":151,"doi":152},64492,2008,"Antao, S. M., Hassan, I. (2008) Gaudefroyite, Ca\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>[(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>]: high-temperature crystal structure. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  46 (1) 183-193 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.46.1.183'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.46.1.183\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol46\u002FCM46_183.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.46.1.183",{"id":154,"year":155,"html":156,"doi":157},1119395,2014,"Chukanov, Nikita V. (2014) \u003Ci>Springer Geochemistry\u002FMineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> - Infrared spectra of mineral species. Springer Netherlands. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002F978-94-007-7128-4'>doi:10.1007\u002F978-94-007-7128-4\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002F978-94-007-7128-4",{"id":159,"year":155,"html":160,"doi":161},16394731,"Frost, Ray L., Scholz, Ricardo, Lópes, Andrés, Xi, Yunfei, Gobac, Željka Žigovečki, de Carvalho Lana, Cristiano (2014) Vibrational spectroscopy of the borate mineral gaudefroyite from N’Chwaning II mine, Kalahari, Republic of South Africa. \u003Ci>Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 120. 265-269 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2013.10.031'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2013.10.031\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2013.10.031",{"id":163,"year":164,"html":165,"doi":166},12829376,2018,"Li, Rukang, Li, Guangjing, Greaves, Colin (2018) Gaudefroyite: a mineral with excellent magnetocaloric effect suitable for liquefying hydrogen. \u003Ci>Journal of Materials Chemistry A\u003C\u002Fi>, 6. 5260-5264 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1039\u002Fc7ta06883b'>doi:10.1039\u002Fc7ta06883b\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1039\u002Fc7ta06883b",{"id":168,"year":164,"html":169,"doi":170},12831329,"Li, Rukang, Manuel, Pascal, Orlandi, Fabio, Greaves, Colin (2018) Magnetic ordering of the cryogenic magnetic cooling mineral gaudefroyite. \u003Ci>Journal of Materials Chemistry A\u003C\u002Fi>, 6. 21149-21155 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1039\u002Fc8ta08851a'>doi:10.1039\u002Fc8ta08851a\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1039\u002Fc8ta08851a",[172,182,190,198,205,212,220,226,234,241,248,254,261,269,275,282,289,296,303,310,317,324,332,339,345,351],{"id":173,"source_url":174,"license_code":175,"credit_html":176,"title":177,"description":178,"author":179,"original_width":180,"original_height":181},9684,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10136260","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10136260\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-62390.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Gaudefroyite is an extremely rare Manganese Borate and is especially difficult to find in crystal form from any locality. This specimen features several sharp, lustrous, prismatic black crystals of Gaudefroyite with Hematite. The crystals of Gaudefroyite on this specimen measure up to 1.1 cm, which is especially good size for the species. A great large thumbnail specimen of a very rare species. 3.0 x 1.9 x 1.9 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",711,576,{"id":183,"source_url":184,"license_code":175,"credit_html":185,"title":186,"description":187,"author":179,"original_width":188,"original_height":189},9686,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141501","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10141501\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-131608.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Black Rock Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBlack_Rock\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Black Rock\">Black Rock\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3065.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.6 x 4.9 x 2.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Sharp crystals to 8 mm of the very rare manganese mineral species gaudefroyite, abundantly coating the matrix here. Classic, old, and hard to obtain today! Ex. Charlie Key Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",573,600,{"id":191,"source_url":192,"license_code":175,"credit_html":193,"title":194,"description":195,"author":179,"original_width":196,"original_height":197},9687,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165477","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165477\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-240584.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.7 x .9 x .7 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An exceptionally large single crystal of Gaudefroyite. Jet black and highly lustrous; it is one of the largest and best single crystals of the species I have seen, from anywhere. Ex. Charlie Key stock.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",361,500,{"id":199,"source_url":200,"license_code":175,"credit_html":201,"title":202,"description":203,"author":179,"original_width":204,"original_height":189},9688,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167159","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167159\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-250189.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.8 x 0.7 x 0.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Gaudefroyite is a very rare calcium, manganese borate found at only four localities worldwide, three of which, are in the Kalahari Manganese Field of South Africa. This is an exceptionally rare and large, doubly-terminated, jet-black crystal with high lustre. The terminations are sharp and the crystal is complete-all-around.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",592,{"id":206,"source_url":207,"license_code":175,"credit_html":208,"title":209,"description":210,"author":179,"original_width":211,"original_height":197},9689,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10171230","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10171230\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-272663.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.8 x 1.3 x 1.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A superb cluster of very lustrous Gaudefroyite crystals, some of the best I have ever seen in terms of sharpness and arrangement in thumbnail size. The largest of the well-formed crystals is a full 1 cm tall, and several of the crystals in the cluster are doubly-terminated. It is a full-sized thumbnail, overall. Ex. Charlie Key.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",415,{"id":213,"source_url":214,"license_code":175,"credit_html":215,"title":216,"description":217,"author":179,"original_width":218,"original_height":219},56204,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10150748","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10150748\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-174148.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-55925.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.8 x 0.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A well-formed, unusually fine, tapered crystal that is dramatically and symmetrically doubly-terminated! Nice! Ex. Willy Israel Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",212,400,{"id":221,"source_url":222,"license_code":175,"credit_html":223,"title":224,"description":195,"author":179,"original_width":225,"original_height":197},56205,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165478","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165478\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-240585.jpg",370,{"id":227,"source_url":228,"license_code":175,"credit_html":229,"title":230,"description":231,"author":179,"original_width":232,"original_height":233},9685,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140916","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140916\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-Baryte-122287.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaryte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baryte\">Baryte\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Talk about elegant display! This doubly-terminated barite floater hosts at either end a veritable bush of sharp, lustrous, jet-black crystals of the rare mineral Gaudefroyite to over 1 cm ; resulting in a very sculptural miniature of unique aesthetics. Uncommon in any quality, Gaudefroyite is especially rare on matrix . And , usually, you just don't se epieces with such contrast and vivid 3-dimensionality. 5.5 x 3.6 x 3.5 cm     This Photo was Mindat.org Photo of the Day - 25th Mar 2008\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",800,555,{"id":235,"source_url":236,"license_code":175,"credit_html":237,"title":238,"description":239,"author":179,"original_width":240,"original_height":189},56197,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139024","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139024\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-Baryte-Andradite-118142.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaryte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baryte\">Baryte\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Andradite\">Andradite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Black Rock Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBlack_Rock\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Black Rock\">Black Rock\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3065.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 27 x 22 x 11 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Museum size and museum quality. Magnificent and rare large (read, HUGE) plate of the extremely rare manganese borate, Gaudefroyite. I have never seen such a large specimen with solid coverage as this. Quality crystals are rare, but this specimen is completely covered by lustrous tabular crystals that are black to deep rust in color. Among the thousand crystals, there are dozens upon dozens that range .5-1 cm in length, many in very attractive radial sprays. Incredible. Associated with the Gaudefroyite are a few sharp, zoned barytes and hundreds of lovely microcrystallized andradite garnets that occur in several groupings, adding both color and contrast to the piece. Amazing and aesthetic, this old piece is a classic.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",440,{"id":242,"source_url":243,"license_code":175,"credit_html":244,"title":245,"description":246,"author":179,"original_width":197,"original_height":247},56198,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139382","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139382\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-Baryte-Andradite-118713.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaryte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baryte\">Baryte\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Andradite\">Andradite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Black Rock Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBlack_Rock\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Black Rock\">Black Rock\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3065.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 9.6 x 8 x 2.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The Gaudefroyites are sharp, lustrous, and the needles reach up to about .8 cm in length. The Barytes, though partially cleaved, add brightness and contrast, while the ribbon of Andradites seal the deal.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",420,{"id":249,"source_url":250,"license_code":175,"credit_html":251,"title":252,"description":246,"author":179,"original_width":197,"original_height":253},56199,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139383","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139383\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-Baryte-Andradite-118714.jpg",367,{"id":255,"source_url":256,"license_code":175,"credit_html":257,"title":258,"description":259,"author":179,"original_width":232,"original_height":260},56200,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140208","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140208\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-Andradite-120658.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Andradite\">Andradite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>SHARP specimen with really lustrous crystals of this rare species, especially a 2-cm-long doubly-terminated crystal right in the front-left. That one is partially covered with the andradite garnet that makes up the matrix as well 3.3 x 3.1 x 2.2 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",759,{"id":262,"source_url":263,"license_code":175,"credit_html":264,"title":265,"description":266,"author":179,"original_width":267,"original_height":268},56201,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140312","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140312\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-Andradite-Baryte-120808.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Andradite\">Andradite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaryte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baryte\">Baryte\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Black Rock Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBlack_Rock\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Black Rock\">Black Rock\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3065.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.6 x 5.7 x 3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Choice example of the famous and highly desired Gaudefroyite\u002FAndradite\u002FBaryte combinations from Black Rock Mine. The Gaudefroyites are superbly lustrous, and the largest of the crystals is a full 1.2 cm long. The deep-red Andradites provide a beautiful contrast, as do the delicate Barytes, which are along the top and back.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",1000,777,{"id":270,"source_url":271,"license_code":175,"credit_html":272,"title":273,"description":274,"author":179,"original_width":232,"original_height":260},9690,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450455","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450455\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Andradite-Gaudefroyite-k217a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Andradite\">Andradite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 3.3 x 3.1 x 2.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Gaudefroyite with Andradite Garnet\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>SHARP specimen with really lustrous crystals of this rare species, especially a 2-cm-long doubly-terminated crystal right in the front-left. That one is partially covered with the andradite garnet that makes up the matrix as well\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":276,"source_url":277,"license_code":175,"credit_html":278,"title":279,"description":280,"author":179,"original_width":232,"original_height":281},56202,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140952","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140952\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Andradite-Rhodochrosite-Gaudefroyite-122388.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Andradite\">Andradite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRhodochrosite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rhodochrosite\">Rhodochrosite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>We had only two such specimens in the whole collection of thousands of pieces, of these strange cast pseudomorphs of minutely crystallized, sparkling, andradite garnet that have replaced twinned rhodochrosite crystals. I had only ever seen 2 others , before. These look just like the famous pseudo-triangular crystals one saw from Mt St Hilaire in Quebec, in the 1980s. But, made of garnet! This one is shaped like a 3-dimensional map where there are folds up and down to illustrate heights. It is very aesthetic, and more impressive in person! It is complete all around and made up of garnet on the front display, with the backside completely lined with crystals of gaudefroyite and a few minor ettringites. There is a coating on the backside, but the gaude's sticking out to the sides are, luckily, clean and lustrous, and serve to nicely accent the flanks of the rhodo crystals. 5.5 x 5.3 x 1.7 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",732,{"id":283,"source_url":284,"license_code":175,"credit_html":285,"title":286,"description":287,"author":179,"original_width":219,"original_height":288},9691,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450612","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450612\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Andradite-Gaudefroyite-k289c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Andradite\">Andradite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.8 x 5.7 x 3.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Gaudefroyite wtih Andradite garnet\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Superb, exceptionally lustrous Gaudefroyite crystals to 1.5 cm festoon this matrix of bright sparkling garnet. This is a very rich specimen at, I think, a very cheap price as the pics do not do it justice for its significance and aesthetics!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",349,{"id":290,"source_url":291,"license_code":175,"credit_html":292,"title":293,"description":294,"author":179,"original_width":189,"original_height":295},56203,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10148195","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10148195\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-Andradite-163245.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Andradite\">Andradite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.9 x 5.8 x 3.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An exceptional plate of gaudefroyite, a rare manganese mineral found at its best only in these Kalahari mines, perched on sparkling andradite garnet druse. Ex. Charlie Key.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",501,{"id":297,"source_url":298,"license_code":175,"credit_html":299,"title":300,"description":301,"author":179,"original_width":232,"original_height":302},8114,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164991","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164991\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ettringite-Hematite-Gaudefroyite-238790.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEttringite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ettringite\">Ettringite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHematite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hematite\">Hematite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">Calcite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3067.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10 x 8 x 4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An incredible, beautiful combination specimen featuring two large ettringite crystals of lemon yellow hue perched on sparkling and contrasting crystallized white calcite and gaudefroyite, further accented by a hematite crystal atop. The hematite is striking, and is 2.25 cm long and doubly terminated, scalenohedral in form. The ettringite crystals are to 4.5 cm in length and shimmer with electric sheen on the surface, and have deep color that does not convey well in the photo. This is a very rare, large example of the species in super aesthetic form. It was found in the mid to late 1980s. Ex. Charlie Key.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",776,{"id":304,"source_url":305,"license_code":175,"credit_html":306,"title":307,"description":308,"author":179,"original_width":309,"original_height":219},53801,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164992","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10164992\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ettringite-Gaudefroyite-238791.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEttringite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ettringite\">Ettringite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3067.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5 x 5 x 2.25 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A glowing yellow cluster of large, translucent, thick ettringite crystals on a bit of calcite matrix, and with contrasting black gaudefroyite upon the right side. The large crystal is fully terminated, though admittedly has a contact on the left side where it grew against another crystal no longer present. Still, the upright, freestanding crystal is extremely dramatic, is complete; and such crystals are rare. Usually they are flatlying, whereas this is freestanding and vertical. The smaller crystal at the base is fully terminated and complete. Ex. Charlie Key.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",382,{"id":311,"source_url":312,"license_code":175,"credit_html":313,"title":314,"description":315,"author":179,"original_width":316,"original_height":197},56206,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167599","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167599\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-Andradite-Baryte-251508.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Andradite\">Andradite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaryte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baryte\">Baryte\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Black Rock Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBlack_Rock\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Black Rock\">Black Rock\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3065.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.5 x 4.6 x 2.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A superb example of the Gaudefroyite\u002FAndradite\u002FBaryte combinations from Black Rock Mine. The Gaudefroyites are lustrous, and the largest of the crystals is a full 1 cm long. The brilliant red Andradites provide a beautiful contrast. The Barytes add a nice contrast, as well. Ex. Charlie Key.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",434,{"id":318,"source_url":319,"license_code":175,"credit_html":320,"title":321,"description":315,"author":179,"original_width":322,"original_height":323},56207,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167600","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167600\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-Andradite-Baryte-251509.jpg",378,499,{"id":325,"source_url":326,"license_code":175,"credit_html":327,"title":328,"description":329,"author":179,"original_width":330,"original_height":331},56208,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168347","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168347\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gaudefroyite-Andradite-Baryte-256820.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAndradite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Andradite\">Andradite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaryte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baryte\">Baryte\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 9.2 x 6.7 x 5.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Gaudefroyite is a very rare manganese borate compound. Lustrous, black, hexagonal gaudefroyite prisms to 8 mm are richly strewn on this fine example of the gaudefroyite\u002Fandradite\u002Fbaryte combination specimens. The gemmy, bright to dark cherry-red andradite garnets are a nice compliment, as are the snow-white barytes. The best gaudefroyites in the world come from the Kalahari Manganese Field and this is a highly representative and fine example of the combination species. Ex. Wes Parker Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",608,593,{"id":333,"source_url":334,"license_code":175,"credit_html":335,"title":336,"description":337,"author":179,"original_width":219,"original_height":338},56209,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446186","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10446186\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Calcite-Ettringite-Gaudefroyite-cktsr-35b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">Calcite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEttringite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ettringite\">Ettringite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHematite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hematite\">Hematite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKuruman,_Northern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kuruman, Northern Cape\">Kuruman\u003C\u002Fa>, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3067.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: cabinet, 10 x 8 x 4 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>ETTRINGITE with HEMATITE and GAUDEFROYITE on CALCITE\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Incredible , gorgeous combination specimen featuring two large ettringite crystals of lemon yello whue, perched on sparkling and contrasting CRYSTALLIZED white calcite AND Gaudefroyite, further accented by a hematite crystal atop. The hematite is striking, and is 2.25 cm long and doubly terminated, pseudo-scalenohedral in form. The ettringite crystals are to 4.5 cm in length and shimmer with electric sheen on the surface, and have deep color that does not convey well in the photos. The overall contrast is striking. This is a very rare, large example of the species in super aesthetic form. It was found in the mid to late 1980s. Comes with custom lucite display base.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",375,{"id":340,"source_url":341,"license_code":175,"credit_html":342,"title":343,"description":274,"author":179,"original_width":219,"original_height":344},56210,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450456","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450456\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Andradite-Gaudefroyite-k217b.jpg",381,{"id":346,"source_url":347,"license_code":175,"credit_html":348,"title":349,"description":350,"author":179,"original_width":232,"original_height":233},56211,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450532","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450532\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Barite-Gaudefroyite-k252a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaryte\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baryte\">Baryte\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGaudefroyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gaudefroyite\">Gaudefroyite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.5 x 3.6 x 3.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Gaudefroyite on Barite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Talk about elegant display! This doubly-terminated barite floater hosts at either end a veritable bush of sharp, lustrous, jet-black crystals of the rare mineral Gaudefroyite to over 1 cm ; resulting in a very sculptural miniature of unique aesthetics. Uncommon in any quality, Gaudefroyite is especially rare on matrix . And , usually, you just don't se epieces with such contrast and vivid 3-dimensionality. This is a superb rarity at, i think, a cheap price.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":352,"source_url":353,"license_code":175,"credit_html":354,"title":355,"description":350,"author":179,"original_width":219,"original_height":356},56212,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450534","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450534\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Barite-Gaudefroyite-k252b.jpg",315,[358,364],{"id":359,"url":360,"label":361,"formula":362,"spacegroup":363,"year":150},5450,"\u002Fcif\u002F5450.cif","Antao 2008","Ca4 B3 Mn3 C O15","P 63\u002Fm",{"id":365,"url":366,"label":367,"formula":368,"spacegroup":363,"year":369},5463,"\u002Fcif\u002F5463.cif","Hoffmann 1997","Ca4 Mn3 B3 C O15",1997,[371,372],"Gaudefroyiet","IMA1964-006",[374,378,383,387,390,393],{"lang":375,"names":376},"ca",[377],"gaudefroyita",{"lang":379,"names":380},"de",[381,382],"Gaudefroyit","IMA 1964-006",{"lang":384,"names":385},"eu",[386],"Gaudefroyita",{"lang":388,"names":389},"fr",[7],{"lang":391,"names":392},"it",[7],{"lang":394,"names":395},"uk",[396],"годефруаїт","Q3099383",{"history":11,"applications":11}]