[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1680":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":14,"elements":15,"sigelements":20,"key_elements":21,"impurities":11,"cim":22,"ima_status":23,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":26,"strunz10ed1":27,"strunz10ed2":17,"strunz10ed3":28,"strunz10ed4":29,"dana8ed1":30,"dana8ed2":31,"dana8ed3":31,"dana8ed4":31,"csystem":32,"cclass":33,"spacegroup":34,"spacegroupset":35,"a":36,"b":37,"c":38,"alpha":35,"beta":35,"gamma":35,"aerror":39,"berror":40,"cerror":39,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":40,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":41,"tlform":11,"hmin":39,"hmax":39,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":35,"vhnmax":35,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":42,"dmeas2":43,"dcalc":44,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":45,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":46,"streak":47,"colour":48,"commentcolor":11,"colors":49,"streak_colors":52,"luminescence":11,"uv":53,"cleavage":54,"cleavagetype":55,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":56,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":57,"opticalsign":58,"opticalalpha":59,"opticalalpha2":35,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":60,"opticalbeta2":35,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":61,"opticalgamma2":35,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":35,"opticalomega2":35,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":35,"opticalepsilon2":35,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":35,"opticaln2":35,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":62,"optical2vcalc2":35,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":63,"optical2vmeasured2":35,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":64,"rimax":65,"opticaldispersion":66,"opticalpleochroism":67,"opticalpleochorismdesc":68,"opticalbirefringence":69,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":70,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":71,"type_specimen_store":72,"description_short":73,"aboutname":74,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":75,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":76,"group_members":77,"associates":78,"confused_with":96,"type_localities":104,"occurrence_total":111,"citations":112,"images":181,"structures":192,"synonyms":199,"language_names":201,"wikidata_qid":232,"texts":233},1680,"1:1:1680:9","4adc9be2-6548-4ee3-a781-d356d54b8987","Gerhardtite","Ghd",0,"mineral",null,599,false,"Cu\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(NO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",[16,17,18,19],"Cu","N","O","H",[16,17,18,19],[16,17],"13.3",[24,25],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1885","5","B","05","19","1","Orthorhombic",7,44,"0","6.087","13.813","5.597",2,4,"Crystals thick tabular {001}. Strongly striated on the pyramid zone. Faces often in oscillatory combination. Crystals flexible, with separation along {100}.","3.4","3.43","3.389","Vitreous,Sub-Vitreous,Greasy","Transparent","Light green","Emerald Green",[50,51],"green","blue",[50],"Not fluorescent in UV","On {001} perfect; on {100} good.","Perfect","flexible","Biaxial","+","1.703","1.713","1.722","86","85",1.703,1.722,"r \u003C v very strong","Visible","X = Green\r\nY = Green\r\nZ = Blue","0.019","Insoluble in water. Soluble in dilute acids.","Oxidation zone of copper deposits","Yale University","An uncommon secondary copper nitrate.\r\n\r\nEasy to confuse with its dimorph rouaite (both have very similar X-ray powder diffraction patterns).","Named in 1885 by Horace L. Wells and Samuel Lewis Penfield in honor of Charles Frédéric Gerhardt [August 21, 1816 Strassburg Germany - August 19, 1856 Strasbourg, Germany], who first prepared the artificial compound, in addition to many other achievements. Gerhardt studied organic chemistry under Justus von Liebig and Jean Baptiste Dumas. Gerhardt also worked with Auguste Cahours and Michel Eugène Chevreul in Paris. Gerhardt proposed some important changes in chemical formula notation that were controversial in the time period. After several laboratory assignments and private work as a scientific book translator (primarily of Liebig's works), Gerhardt became professor at University of Montpellier in Montpellier, France in 1844-1851. In 1854, Gerhardt became professor of chemistry in the École Polytechnique at Strassburg. Gerhardt wrote the important four volume book, Traité de chimie organique, but did not live to see its publication as he died from accidentally being poisoned by one of his experiments.","2026-04-22 15:17:40",[],[],[79,88],{"id":80,"name":81,"entrytype":9,"csystem":82,"ima_formula":83,"mindat_formula":83,"hmin":84,"hmax":40,"dmeas":85,"dcalc":86,"primary_image_id":87},1172,"Cuprite","Isometric","Cu\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",3.5,"6.14","6.15",29569,{"id":89,"name":90,"entrytype":9,"csystem":32,"ima_formula":91,"mindat_formula":92,"hmin":93,"hmax":93,"dmeas":94,"dcalc":95,"primary_image_id":11},46506,"Fermiite","Na\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub> · 3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>·3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",2.5,"3.23","3.313",[97],{"id":98,"name":99,"entrytype":9,"csystem":100,"ima_formula":14,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":101,"dcalc":102,"primary_image_id":103},10588,"Rouaite","Monoclinic","3.38","3.39",21212,[105],{"id":106,"txt":107,"latitude":108,"longitude":109,"country":110},3346,"United Verde Mine, Jerome, Verde Mining District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai County, Arizona, USA",34.75,-112.1222222,"USA",24,[113,116,120,124,128,133,137,141,146,150,154,158,163,167,172,176],{"id":114,"year":11,"html":115,"doi":11},16110278,"Helv. Chim. Acta: 35: 375-390.",{"id":117,"year":118,"html":119,"doi":11},16110271,1885,"Wells and Penfield (1885) American Journal of Science: 30: 50.",{"id":121,"year":122,"html":123,"doi":11},16106586,1904,"Lindgren, W.; Hillebrand, W.F. (1904) Minerals from the Clifton-Morenci district. American Journal of Science: 18: 448-460.",{"id":125,"year":126,"html":127,"doi":11},16110273,1923,"Thoreau (1923) Société géologique de Belgique, Liége, Annales: 46: B 285.",{"id":129,"year":130,"html":131,"doi":132},653692,1934,"Larsen, E.S.; Berman, H. (1934) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin of the US Geological Survey\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 848. US Geological Survey p.1-266. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb848'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb848\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0848\u002Freport.pdf?reftype=.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb848",{"id":134,"year":135,"html":136,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":138,"year":139,"html":140,"doi":11},16110276,1955,"Kohler, K. (1955): Röntgenographische Untersuchungen an Gerhardtit. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Kristallgeometrie, Kristallphysik, Kristallchemie 106, 474-475.",{"id":142,"year":143,"html":144,"doi":145},106707,1961,"Oswald, H. R. (1961) Über natürlichen und künstlichen Gerhardtit. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  116 (3) 210-219 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1961.116.3-6.210'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1961.116.3-6.210\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fzk\u002Fvol116\u002FZK116_210.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1961.116.3-6.210",{"id":147,"year":148,"html":149,"doi":11},16110279,1982,"Bovio, B. & Locchi, S. (1982): Crystal structure of the orthorhombic basic copper nitrate, Cu2(OH)3NO3. J. Cryst. Spectr. Res. 12, 507-517.",{"id":151,"year":152,"html":153,"doi":11},16209348,1990,"Wallace, M.E., Pring, A. (1990) Gerhardtite, a copper hydroxy-nitrate from the Great Australia mine, Cloncurry, Queensland. Australian Mineralogist: 5: 51-54.",{"id":155,"year":156,"html":157,"doi":11},16110280,1993,"Tanaka, H.; Terada, S. (1993): Preparation and thermal decomposition of synthetic gerhardtite copper hydroxide nitrate (Cu2(OH)3NO3). Journal of Thermal Analysis 39, 1011-1018.",{"id":159,"year":160,"html":161,"doi":162},9842665,1994,"Guillou, N., Louër, M., Louër, D. (1994) High Temperature X-Ray and Neutron Powder Diffraction Study of a Phase Transition in Copper Hydroxide Nitrate. \u003Ci>Materials Science Forum\u003C\u002Fi>, 166. 559-564 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.4028\u002Fwww.scientific.net\u002Fmsf.166-169.559'>doi:10.4028\u002Fwww.scientific.net\u002Fmsf.166-169.559\u003C\u002Fa>","10.4028\u002Fwww.scientific.net\u002Fmsf.166-169.559",{"id":164,"year":165,"html":166,"doi":11},16964551,2005,"(2005) Gerhardtite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fgerhardtite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":168,"year":169,"html":170,"doi":171},64341,2006,"Melchiorre, E. B., Williams, P. A., Rose, T. P., Talyn, B. C. (2006) Biogenic nitrogen from termite mounds and the origin of gerhardtite at the Great Australia Mine, Cloncurry, Queensland, Australia. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  44 (6). 1447-1455 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.44.6.1447'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.44.6.1447\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.44.6.1447",{"id":173,"year":174,"html":175,"doi":11},16110282,2007,"Samie, Farid; Tidblad, Johan; Kucera, Vladimir; Leygraf, Christofer (2007): Atmospheric corrosion effects of HNO3. Influence of temperature and relative humidity on laboratory-exposed copper. Atmospheric Environment 41, 1374-1382.",{"id":177,"year":178,"html":179,"doi":180},244076,2010,"Yoder, C. H., Bushong, E., Liu, X., Weidner, V., McWilliams, P., Martin, K., Lorgunpai, J., Haller, J., Schaeffer, R. W. (2010) The synthesis and solubility of the copper hydroxyl nitrates: gerhardtite, rouaite and likasite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  74 (3) 433-440 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.2010.074.3.433'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.2010.074.3.433\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.2010.074.3.433",[182],{"id":183,"source_url":184,"license_code":185,"credit_html":186,"title":187,"description":188,"author":189,"original_width":190,"original_height":191},9820,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=48607834","CC0 1.0","Ángel Romero Escobar, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=48607834\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gerhardtite-503303.jpg","Crystal grown from wall to wall at the bottom of a geode of cuprite.\n\u003Cp>Locality: Cerro Minado Mines, Cuesta Alta, Huércal-Overa, Almería, Andalusia, Spain.\nPhoto 1 mm width.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nCollection and photo of Angel Romero","Ángel Romero Escobar",1447,876,[193],{"id":194,"url":195,"label":196,"formula":197,"spacegroup":198,"year":148},5496,"\u002Fcif\u002F5496.cif","Bovio 1982","Cu2 O6 N H3","P 21 21 21",[200],"Gerhardtiet",[202,206,210,214,217,221,225,228],{"lang":203,"names":204},"ca",[205],"gerhardtita",{"lang":207,"names":208},"de",[209],"Gerhardtit",{"lang":211,"names":212},"eu",[213],"Gerhardtita",{"lang":215,"names":216},"it",[7],{"lang":218,"names":219},"pl",[220],"Gerhardtyt",{"lang":222,"names":223},"sr",[224],"герхардтит",{"lang":226,"names":227},"sr-ec",[224],{"lang":229,"names":230},"zh",[231],"铜硝石","Q1111376",{"history":11,"applications":11}]