[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:27112":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":8,"polytypeof":8,"groupid":8,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":8,"ima_formula":8,"elements":15,"sigelements":19,"key_elements":8,"impurities":8,"cim":8,"ima_status":8,"ima_notes":8,"ima_history":8,"approval_year":8,"publication_year":8,"discovery_year":8,"strunz10ed1":20,"strunz10ed2":20,"strunz10ed3":20,"strunz10ed4":8,"dana8ed1":20,"dana8ed2":20,"dana8ed3":20,"dana8ed4":20,"csystem":8,"cclass":8,"spacegroup":8,"spacegroupset":20,"a":8,"b":8,"c":8,"alpha":8,"beta":8,"gamma":8,"aerror":8,"berror":8,"cerror":8,"alphaerror":8,"betaerror":8,"gammaerror":8,"va3":8,"z":8,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":8,"twinning":8,"tranglide":8,"parting":8,"epitaxidescription":8,"morphology":8,"tlform":8,"hmin":8,"hmax":8,"hardtype":8,"vhnmin":20,"vhnmax":20,"vhnerror":8,"vhng":8,"vhns":8,"commenthard":8,"dmeas":20,"dmeas2":20,"dcalc":20,"dmeaserror":8,"dcalcerror":8,"commentdense":8,"lustre":8,"lustretype":8,"commentluster":8,"diapheny":8,"streak":8,"colour":8,"commentcolor":8,"colors":8,"streak_colors":8,"luminescence":8,"uv":8,"cleavage":8,"cleavagetype":8,"fracturetype":8,"tenacity":8,"commentbreak":8,"opticaltype":8,"opticalsign":8,"opticalalpha":8,"opticalalpha2":8,"opticalalphaerror":8,"opticalbeta":8,"opticalbeta2":8,"opticalbetaerror":8,"opticalgamma":8,"opticalgamma2":8,"opticalgammaerror":8,"opticalomega":8,"opticalomega2":20,"opticalomegaerror":8,"opticalepsilon":8,"opticalepsilon2":20,"opticalepsilonerror":8,"opticaln":8,"opticaln2":8,"opticalnerror":8,"optical2vcalc":8,"optical2vcalc2":8,"optical2vcalcerror":8,"optical2vmeasured":8,"optical2vmeasured2":8,"optical2vmeasurederror":8,"rimin":8,"rimax":8,"opticaldispersion":8,"opticalpleochroism":8,"opticalpleochorismdesc":8,"opticalbirefringence":8,"opticalcomments":8,"opticalcolour":8,"opticalinternal":8,"opticaltropic":8,"opticalanisotropism":8,"opticalbireflectance":8,"opticalextinction":8,"opticalr":8,"specdispm":8,"ir":8,"electrical":8,"magnetism":8,"thermalbehaviour":8,"other":8,"industrial":8,"occurrence":8,"otheroccurrence":8,"type_specimen_store":8,"description_short":8,"aboutname":21,"rock_parent":8,"rock_parent2":8,"rock_root":22,"rock_bgs_code":8,"meteoritical_code":8,"updttime":23,"reviewed_at":8,"variety_of":24,"varieties":33,"group_members":34,"associates":35,"confused_with":36,"type_localities":37,"occurrence_total":38,"citations":39,"images":71,"structures":229,"synonyms":230,"language_names":237,"wikidata_qid":8,"texts":238},27112,"1:1:27112:7","bc8f6e7d-3fce-4ec7-a6f2-3c6ef450f746","Glendonite",null,2,"variety",859,1551,false,"CaCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",[16,17,18],"Ca","O","C",[16,17,18],"0","After the locality at Glendon, Australia.",0,"2026-04-29 04:06:36",{"id":11,"name":25,"entrytype":22,"csystem":26,"ima_formula":27,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":28,"hmax":28,"dmeas":29,"dcalc":30,"strunz10ed1":31,"primary_image_id":32},"Calcite","Trigonal","Ca(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)",3,"2.7102","2.711","5",4401,[],[],[],[],[],40,[40,44,48,52,56,61,66],{"id":41,"year":42,"html":43,"doi":8},16134185,1905,"David, Edgeworth T. W.; Taylor, T. G.; Woolnough, W. G. (1905) VII. Occurrence of the Pseudomorph Glendonite in New South Wales. In \u003Ci>Records of the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Vol. VIII (Part 2)\u003C\u002Fi> Ch. VII. Department of Mines and Agriculture. p.161-179.",{"id":45,"year":46,"html":47,"doi":8},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":49,"year":50,"html":51,"doi":8},15986372,2020,"Carr, Paul F.; Jones, Brian G.; Middleton, Robert G. (2020) James Dwight Dana in Australia and the glendonite connection. \u003Ci>Australian Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  21 (2). p.5-12.",{"id":53,"year":50,"html":54,"doi":55},16134186,"Vickers, Madelaine L.; Lengger, Sabine K.; Bernasconi, Stefano M.; Thibault, Nicolas; Schultz, Bo Pagh; Fernandez, Alvaro; Ullmann, Clemens V.; McCormack, Paul; Bjerrum, Christian J.; Rasmussen, Jan Audun; et al. (2020) Cold spells in the Nordic Seas during the early Eocene Greenhouse. \u003Ci>Nature Communications\u003C\u002Fi>,  11 (1). p.4713. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fs41467-020-18558-7'>doi:10.1038\u002Fs41467-020-18558-7\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41467-020-18558-7.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1038\u002Fs41467-020-18558-7",{"id":57,"year":58,"html":59,"doi":60},13811179,2021,"Rogov, Mikhail, Ershova, Victoria, Vereshchagin, Oleg, Vasileva, Kseniia, Mikhailova, Kseniia, Krylov, Aleksei (2021) Database of global glendonite and ikaite records throughout the Phanerozoic. \u003Ci>Earth System Science Data\u003C\u002Fi>, 13 (2) 343-356 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5194\u002Fessd-13-343-2021'>doi:10.5194\u002Fessd-13-343-2021\u003C\u002Fa>","10.5194\u002Fessd-13-343-2021",{"id":62,"year":63,"html":64,"doi":65},16677281,2023,"Schultz, Bo, Huggett, Jennifer, Schootbrugge, Bas van de, Ullmann, Clemens V., Broch, Mathias C. (2023) Transgression Related Holocene Coastal Glendonites from Historic Sites. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  13 (9)  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin13091159'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin13091159\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin13091159",{"id":67,"year":68,"html":69,"doi":70},18287545,2025,"Schultz, Bo Pagh, Huggett, Jennifer (2025) Advances in Glendonite Understanding and Its Potential for Carbon Capture. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  15 (4).  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin15040410'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin15040410\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin15040410",[72,79,89,99,106,113,121,128,138,145,154,159,167,174,181,188,195,202,208,217,224],{"id":73,"source_url":74,"license_code":75,"credit_html":76,"title":7,"description":8,"author":8,"original_width":77,"original_height":78},88322,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F149609","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F149609\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,845,{"id":80,"source_url":81,"license_code":82,"credit_html":83,"title":84,"description":85,"author":86,"original_width":87,"original_height":88},56824,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11197388","CC BY-SA 3.0","Rygel, M.C., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11197388\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Glendonite mcr1.JPG","Glendonites (pseudomorphs of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIkaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Ikaite\">ikaite\u003C\u002Fa>) in the Broughton Formation (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPermian\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Permian\">Permian\u003C\u002Fa>), Sydney Basin, New South Wales.","Rygel, M.C.",3456,2304,{"id":90,"source_url":91,"license_code":92,"credit_html":93,"title":94,"description":95,"author":96,"original_width":97,"original_height":98},56836,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560086","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560086\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Glendonite (Neogene; Kola Peninsula, Russia) 2.jpg","Glendonite is an unusual and distinctive form of calcite (CaCO3).  This material started out as a crystalline mass of ikaite, a hydrous calcium carbonate mineral (CaCO3·6H2O).  Ikaite only forms in near-freezing water (~0º to 7º C) of high alkalinity, in organic-rich sediments at the sediment-water interface.  At warmer temperatures, ikaite is not stable, and the mineral loses its water content and converts to calcite (anhydrous calcium carbonate).  During the ikaite-calcite conversion, the original crystal structure of the ikaite may be retained.  Calcite masses that retain ikaite crystal shapes are called glendonites.  So, the term \"glendonite\" does not refer to a mineral; rather, it refers to the pseudomorph of calcite-after-ikaite.  Pseudomorphs (\"false-forms\") are minerals that have replaced a previous mineral, but have retained the original crystal form.\n\u003Cp>The presence of glendonite in a succession of rocks is diagnostic evidence for the presence of glaciers in the geologic past, because ikaite forms at cold temperatures.  Many ancient successions known to be deposited in glacial settings have glendonite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Glendonite occurs in three main morphologies: stellate glendonite, rosette glendonite, and bladed glendonite.  This example is a stellate glendonite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Stratigraphy: supposedly an estuarine facies, upper Neogene\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: unrecorded\u002Fundisclosed site in the Olenitsa River area, White Sea coast of the Kola Peninsula, far-northwestern Russia","James St. John",2355,1511,{"id":100,"source_url":101,"license_code":92,"credit_html":102,"title":103,"description":95,"author":96,"original_width":104,"original_height":105},56837,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560091","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560091\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Glendonite (Neogene; Kola Peninsula, Russia) 5.jpg",2123,1520,{"id":107,"source_url":108,"license_code":92,"credit_html":109,"title":110,"description":95,"author":96,"original_width":111,"original_height":112},56838,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560093","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560093\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Glendonite (Neogene; Kola Peninsula, Russia) 7.jpg",1715,1167,{"id":114,"source_url":115,"license_code":92,"credit_html":116,"title":117,"description":118,"author":96,"original_width":119,"original_height":120},56840,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=110017675","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=110017675\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thinolite tufa (Quaternary; Pyramid Lake or Winnemucca Lake, north of Nixon, Nevada, USA) 3.jpg","Lacustrine thinolite tufa from the Quaternary of Nevada, USA.\n\u003Cp>Calcareous tufa is a scarce, calcitic, finely- to coarsely-crystalline textured, chemical sedimentary rock.  It principally forms around cold springs having water relatively rich in dissolved calcium carbonate.  Calcareous tufa is often characterized as a lightweight, porous, friable precursor to travertine (another calcitic, chemical sedimentary rock).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The tufa specimen seen here is from the shoreline area of a western Nevada lake.  It precipitated chemically and\u002For microbially from lacustrine water during the Pleistocene Ice Age.  It is coarsely crystalline - such specimens have been referred to as thinolite, or thinolitic tufa.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Thinolite is considered a synonym of glendonite, a \"variety\" of calcite (CaCO3).  This material started out as a crystalline mass of ikaite, a hydrous calcium carbonate mineral (CaCO3·6H2O).  Ikaite only forms in near-freezing water (~0º to 7º C) of high alkalinity, in organic-rich sediments at the sediment-water interface.  At warmer temperatures, ikaite is not stable, and the mineral loses its water content and converts to calcite (anhydrous calcium carbonate).  During the ikaite-calcite conversion, the original crystal structure of the ikaite may be retained.  Calcite masses that retain ikaite crystal shapes are called glendonite (or, in this case, thinolite).  The terms \"glendonite\" and \"thinolite\" do not refer to minerals; rather, they refers to the pseudomorph of calcite-after-ikaite.  Pseudomorphs (\"false-forms\") are minerals that have replaced a previous mineral, but have retained the original crystal form.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The presence of glendonite in a succession of rocks is diagnostic evidence for the presence of cold water temperatures and proximity to glaciers.  Many ancient successions known to be deposited in glacial settings have glendonite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: undisclosed locality about 25 miles ~north of the town of Nixon (this probably refers to the shoreline area of Pyramid Lake or possibly Winnemucca Lake), southern Washoe County, western Nevada, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Info. at:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\npubs.usgs.gov\u002Fcirc\u002F2004\u002F1267\u002Fpdf\u002FTufas%20of%20Pyramid%20L...",2743,2802,{"id":122,"source_url":123,"license_code":92,"credit_html":124,"title":125,"description":118,"author":96,"original_width":126,"original_height":127},56841,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=110017678","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=110017678\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thinolite tufa (Quaternary; Pyramid Lake or Winnemucca Lake, north of Nixon, Nevada, USA) 2.jpg",3424,2376,{"id":129,"source_url":130,"license_code":131,"credit_html":132,"title":133,"description":134,"author":135,"original_width":136,"original_height":137},56844,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=182905741","CC BY 4.0","Hannes Grobe, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=182905741\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Glendonit-konkretion hg.jpg","Glendonit in clay concretion, found at Silstrup Clint, Danmark","Hannes Grobe",9712,7744,{"id":139,"source_url":140,"license_code":92,"credit_html":141,"title":142,"description":95,"author":96,"original_width":143,"original_height":144},12123,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560090","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560090\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Glendonite (Neogene; Kola Peninsula, Russia) 4.jpg",1878,1485,{"id":146,"source_url":147,"license_code":75,"credit_html":148,"title":149,"description":150,"author":151,"original_width":152,"original_height":153},56676,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7329931","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7329931\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Glendonite.jpg","Glendonite:Calcite in pseudomorphosis of Glauberite\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCamp_Verde,_Arizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Camp Verde, Arizona\">Camp Verde\u003C\u002Fa>, Camp Verde District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FYavapai_County,_Arizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Yavapai County, Arizona\">Yavapai County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arizona\">Arizona\u003C\u002Fa>, USA C\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size 7x4.2cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",2836,2893,{"id":155,"source_url":156,"license_code":82,"credit_html":157,"title":158,"description":85,"author":86,"original_width":87,"original_height":88},60495,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11197479","Rygel, M.C., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=11197479\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Glendonite mcr2.JPG",{"id":160,"source_url":161,"license_code":92,"credit_html":162,"title":163,"description":164,"author":96,"original_width":165,"original_height":166},60496,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560071","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560071\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Glendonite (Conjola Formation, Lower Permian; coastal outcrop at Dolphin Beach, just southwest of Ulladulla, coastal New South Wales, far-southeastern Australia).jpg","Glendonite is an unusual and distinctive form of calcite (CaCO3).  Glendonites started out life as crystalline masses of ikaite, a hydrous calcium carbonate mineral (CaCO3·6H2O).  Ikaite only forms in near-freezing water (~0º to 7º C) of high alkalinity, in organic-rich sediments at the sediment-water interface.  At warmer temperatures, ikaite is not stable, and the mineral loses its water content.  It converts to calcite (anhydrous calcium carbonate).  During the ikaite-calcite conversion, the original crystal structure of the ikaite may be retained.  Calcite masses that retain ikaite crystal shapes are called glendonites.  So, glendonite is not a mineral.  Rather, it is a calcite pseudomorph (“false-form”) after ikaite.\n\u003Cp>The presence of glendonite in a succession of rocks is diagnostic evidence for the presence of glaciers in the geologic past (because ikaite forms at cold temperatures).  Many ancient successions known to be deposited in glacial settings have glendonite.  The sample seen here is from the Permian of Australia.  During the Late Paleozoic, the supercontinent Gondwana (of which Australia was a part) experienced several ice ages (from the Mississippian to the Permian).  The waxing & waning of the Late Paleozoic Gondwanan ice sheets is recorded in North America in the form of cyclothems (cyclic packages of sediments indicating numerous short-term transgressive-regressive events).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Glendonite occurs in three main morphologies: stellate glendonite, rosette glendonite, and bladed glendonite.  The specimen shown here from the Sydney Basin of Australia is a fairly large stellate glendonite.  The bladed glendonite type can be over twice the size of this sample.  The largest reported bladed glendonite is 30 cm long.  A very large stellate glendonite was recently illustrated by Selleck et al. (2007) in Journal of Sedimentary Research 77(11-12): 986.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Stratigraphy: glendonite from very dark gray siltstone matrix, Conjola Formation, Shoalhaven Group, Lower Permian.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: coastal exposure at Dolphin Beach, southern side of mouth of river draining Burril Lake, just SW of Ulladulla, coastal southeastern New South Wales, Illawarra Coast, far-southeastern Australia",3008,2000,{"id":168,"source_url":169,"license_code":92,"credit_html":170,"title":171,"description":95,"author":96,"original_width":172,"original_height":173},60497,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560089","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560089\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Glendonite (Neogene; Kola Peninsula, Russia) 3.jpg",1918,1436,{"id":175,"source_url":176,"license_code":92,"credit_html":177,"title":178,"description":95,"author":96,"original_width":179,"original_height":180},60498,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560094","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560094\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Glendonite (Neogene; Kola Peninsula, Russia) 8.jpg",1590,1037,{"id":182,"source_url":183,"license_code":92,"credit_html":184,"title":185,"description":95,"author":96,"original_width":186,"original_height":187},60499,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560095","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=97560095\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Glendonite (Neogene; Kola Peninsula, Russia) 9.jpg",1592,1024,{"id":189,"source_url":190,"license_code":92,"credit_html":191,"title":192,"description":118,"author":96,"original_width":193,"original_height":194},60502,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=110017671","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=110017671\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thinolite tufa (Quaternary; Pyramid Lake or Winnemucca Lake, north of Nixon, Nevada, USA) 6.jpg",3594,2434,{"id":196,"source_url":197,"license_code":92,"credit_html":198,"title":199,"description":118,"author":96,"original_width":200,"original_height":201},60503,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=110017674","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=110017674\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thinolite tufa (Quaternary; Pyramid Lake or Winnemucca Lake, north of Nixon, Nevada, USA) 5.jpg",3171,3000,{"id":203,"source_url":204,"license_code":92,"credit_html":205,"title":206,"description":118,"author":96,"original_width":153,"original_height":207},60504,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=110017679","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=110017679\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thinolite tufa (Quaternary; Pyramid Lake or Winnemucca Lake, north of Nixon, Nevada, USA) 1.jpg",2698,{"id":209,"source_url":210,"license_code":82,"credit_html":211,"title":212,"description":213,"author":214,"original_width":215,"original_height":216},12120,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441623","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441623\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Calcite-Ikaite-mrz308b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">Calcite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIkaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ikaite\">Ikaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKola_Peninsula\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kola Peninsula\">Kola Peninsula\u003C\u002Fa>, Murmanskaja Oblast', \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Region\">Northern Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Russia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2666.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: cabinet, 10.3 x 7.7 x 5.9 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Calcite after Ikaite \"Glendonite\"\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This mineralogical oddball actually features 4.5 cm, orange-brown crystals of calcite (var. glendonite). Although these oddities are admittedly esoteric and hard to explain, visually they can be spectacular, like this one. Ex. Martin Zinn Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",400,359,{"id":218,"source_url":219,"license_code":92,"credit_html":220,"title":221,"description":118,"author":96,"original_width":222,"original_height":223},37824,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=110017670","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=110017670\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Thinolite tufa (Quaternary; Pyramid Lake or Winnemucca Lake, north of Nixon, Nevada, USA) 7.jpg",3591,2348,{"id":225,"source_url":226,"license_code":131,"credit_html":227,"title":7,"description":8,"author":8,"original_width":77,"original_height":228},29119,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F38853","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F38853\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",877,[],[231,232,233,234,235,236],"Fundylite","Glendonit","Jarrowite","Thinolit","Thinolita","Thinolite",[],{"history":8,"applications":8}]