[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1784":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":22,"key_elements":11,"impurities":11,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":11,"strunz10ed1":27,"strunz10ed2":28,"strunz10ed3":29,"strunz10ed4":30,"dana8ed1":31,"dana8ed2":32,"dana8ed3":33,"dana8ed4":34,"csystem":35,"cclass":36,"spacegroup":11,"spacegroupset":37,"a":38,"b":39,"c":40,"alpha":37,"beta":41,"gamma":37,"aerror":36,"berror":42,"cerror":43,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":44,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":45,"twinning":46,"tranglide":47,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":48,"tlform":11,"hmin":49,"hmax":49,"hardtype":44,"vhnmin":37,"vhnmax":37,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":50,"dmeas":51,"dmeas2":52,"dcalc":53,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":54,"commentluster":55,"diapheny":56,"streak":57,"colour":58,"commentcolor":11,"colors":59,"streak_colors":62,"luminescence":11,"uv":63,"cleavage":64,"cleavagetype":65,"fracturetype":66,"tenacity":67,"commentbreak":68,"opticaltype":69,"opticalsign":70,"opticalalpha":71,"opticalalpha2":72,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":73,"opticalbeta2":74,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":75,"opticalgamma2":76,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":37,"opticalomega2":37,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":37,"opticalepsilon2":37,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":37,"opticaln2":37,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":77,"optical2vcalc2":78,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":77,"optical2vmeasured2":37,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":79,"rimax":80,"opticaldispersion":81,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":82,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":83,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":84,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":85,"other":86,"industrial":87,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":88,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":89,"aboutname":90,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":91,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":92,"group_members":105,"associates":132,"confused_with":573,"type_localities":578,"occurrence_total":579,"citations":580,"images":801,"structures":1408,"synonyms":1438,"language_names":1457,"wikidata_qid":1868,"texts":1869},1784,"1:1:1784:4","73d301d2-d38c-46b4-be8b-988120461591","Gypsum","Gp",0,"mineral",null,46846,71475,false,"CaSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[18,19,20,21],"Ca","O","S","H",[18,19,20,21],"25.4.3",[25,26],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","7","C","D","40","29","6","3","1","Monoclinic",5,"0","5.679","15.202","6.522","118.43",14,6,4,"Data for I2\u002Fc cell (non-standard setting). There is another setting with space group C2\u002Fc and beta ~ 127°, and a further C2\u002Fc setting with a ~6.27, b ~15.20, c ~5.67 A, beta ~114°.","{100} (\"swallow-tail\"), very common, with a re-entrant angle formed ordinarily by \u003Cmi>{_111}; on {_101} as contact twins (\"butterfly\" or \"heart-shaped\"), along {_111}; on {_209}\u003C\u002Fmi>; also as cruciform penetration twins.","Readily undergoes translation gliding with T{010}, t{[001], which can also be generated by torsion about [001], or bending {010} about [010].","Thin to thick tabular crystals, {010} with \u003Cmi>{_111}\u003C\u002Fmi> and {120}; also prismatic [001], stout to acicular, with the prism zone often striated. Crystals may have warped surfaces or may be bent or twisted. Rosette-like clusters of lenticular crystals are common. Also found as granular masses, massive beds, and fibrous masses (\"satin spar\").",2,"Hardness varies with direction down to 1.5","2.312","2.322","2.308","Vitreous,Sub-Vitreous,Silky,Pearly,Dull","Wide range of luster based on varieties, pearly on {010}","Transparent,Translucent,Opaque","White.","Colourless to white, often tinged other hues due to impurities; colourless in transmitted light.",[60,61],"colorless","white",[61],"Common and varied. The most common colours of fluorescence are baby blue and shades of golden yellow to yellow. Selenite crystals often exhibit zoned \"hourglass\" fluorescence in zones that may, or may not, be evident in ordinary light.","Perfect (eminent) and easy on {010}, almost micaceous in some samples; on {100}, distinct, yielding a surface with a conchoidal fracture; on {011}, yielding a fibrous fracture {001}.","Perfect","Splintery,Conchoidal","flexible","Also inelastic. Breakage depends on orientation.","Biaxial","+","1.519","1.521","1.522","1.523","1.529","1.530","58","68",1.519,1.53,"Strong r > v inclined","0.010","Y = b; Z ∧ c = 52°.","Not piezoelectric.","Dehydrates and turns white. Heated in a closed tube, it gives off water and becomes opaque. Fuses at 2.5-3, coloring the flame reddish yellow.","Crystals containing impurities such as sand may exhibit \"hourglass\"-shaped zones with and without the included matter. Cleavage plates may exhibit asterism when held up against a source of light.\r\n\r\nSoluble in HCl. Soluble in ~500 parts water.","Plaster, plasterboard.","The commonest of the sulphate minerals, gypsum is found in marine evaporites, in caves where the air is dry enough to allow it to be deposited and remain, at fumaroles, and in the oxidized zones of sulfide deposits on occasion.","The most common sulphate mineral.\r\nFound as massive material (including the alabaster variety), clear crystals (the selenite variety), and as parallel fibrous aggregates (the satin spar variety). \r\n\r\nTypically occurs as colourless to white, transparent...","The first known mention is by Theophrastus about 300-325 BCE from the Greek γύψος (gypsos), meaning \"plaster.\"","2026-05-03 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[(UO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(C\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>]·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","4.187",[574,575,576,577],{"id":216,"name":217,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":218,"mindat_formula":219,"hmin":138,"hmax":165,"dmeas":112,"dcalc":113,"primary_image_id":11},{"id":107,"name":108,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":109,"mindat_formula":110,"hmin":111,"hmax":111,"dmeas":112,"dcalc":113,"primary_image_id":114},{"id":116,"name":117,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":118,"mindat_formula":119,"hmin":120,"hmax":120,"dmeas":121,"dcalc":122,"primary_image_id":123},{"id":125,"name":126,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":127,"mindat_formula":128,"hmin":49,"hmax":111,"dmeas":129,"dcalc":130,"primary_image_id":131},[],6914,[581,584,588,592,596,600,604,608,611,615,619,623,626,630,634,638,642,646,650,654,657,661,665,669,673,677,681,685,689,693,696,699,702,706,710,713,716,720,723,727,730,734,737,740,744,748,752,755,758,761,765,769,773,776,780,784,787,791,794,797],{"id":582,"year":11,"html":583,"doi":11},16091852,"De natura fossilium - Lib. I-X",{"id":585,"year":586,"html":587,"doi":11},16111068,1736,"Linnaeus, C. (1736) Systema Naturae of Linnaeus (as Marmor fugax).",{"id":589,"year":590,"html":591,"doi":11},16111069,1812,"Delamétherie, J.C. (1812) Leçons de minéralogie. 8vo, Paris: volume 2: 380 (as Montmartrite).",{"id":593,"year":594,"html":595,"doi":11},16111070,1869,"Reusch, E. (1869) Die Körnerprobe am krystallisirten Gyps. Annalen der Physik: 136: 135-137.",{"id":597,"year":598,"html":599,"doi":11},16111071,1875,"Baumhauer (1875) Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich, Sitzber.: 169.",{"id":601,"year":602,"html":603,"doi":11},16111072,1882,"Beckenkamp (1882) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 6: 450.",{"id":605,"year":606,"html":607,"doi":11},16111073,1883,"Mügge (1883) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: II: 14.",{"id":609,"year":606,"html":610,"doi":11},16111074,"Reuss (1883) Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin: 259.[Reusch, E.?]",{"id":612,"year":613,"html":614,"doi":11},16111075,1884,"Mügge (1884) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: I: 50.",{"id":616,"year":617,"html":618,"doi":11},16111076,1886,"Des Cloizeaux (1886) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 9: 175.",{"id":620,"year":621,"html":622,"doi":11},1118647,1892,"Dana, Edward Salisbury; Dana, James Dwight (1892) \u003Ci>A System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.",{"id":624,"year":621,"html":625,"doi":11},16104456,"Cesàro, G. (1892) Action de la calcite sur une solution de sulfate ferreux, en présence de l'oxygène de l'air. Production de cristaux de gypse. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique, 19, 18.",{"id":627,"year":628,"html":629,"doi":11},16111078,1896,"Auerbach, F. (1896) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 58: 357.",{"id":631,"year":632,"html":633,"doi":11},16111079,1897,"Viola (1897) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 28: 573.",{"id":635,"year":636,"html":637,"doi":11},16111080,1898,"Mügge (1898) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: I: 90.",{"id":639,"year":640,"html":641,"doi":11},16111081,1909,"Tutton, A.E.H. (1909) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 46: 135.",{"id":643,"year":644,"html":645,"doi":11},16111082,1912,"Berek (1912) Jahrbuch Minerl., Beil.-Bd.: 33: 583.",{"id":647,"year":648,"html":649,"doi":11},16111083,1913,"Hutchinson, A., Tutton, A.E.H. (1913) Uber die temperatur der optischen einaxigkeit von gyps. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 52: 218-224.",{"id":651,"year":652,"html":653,"doi":11},16111084,1914,"Kraus and Young (1914) Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Stuttgart: 356.",{"id":655,"year":652,"html":656,"doi":11},16111085,"Grengg, R. (1914) Die Entwässerungsprodukte des gipses. Zeitschrift fur anorganische chemie: 90: 327-360.",{"id":658,"year":659,"html":660,"doi":11},16111086,1915,"Grengg, R. (1915) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 33: 210.",{"id":662,"year":663,"html":664,"doi":11},16111087,1916,"Rosický (1916) Ak. Česká, Roz., Cl. 2: 25: No. 13.",{"id":666,"year":667,"html":668,"doi":11},4468626,1918,"(1918) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 4 - Text - Band IV - Fergusonit-Ixionolith. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":670,"year":671,"html":672,"doi":11},16111089,1919,"Gaudefroy, C. (1919) Étude des figures de déshydratation à la surface des cristaux. Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 42: 284-380.",{"id":674,"year":675,"html":676,"doi":11},16111090,1920,"Richardson, W.A. (1920) The Fibrous Gypsum of Nottinghamshire. Mineralogical Magazine: 19: 77-95.",{"id":678,"year":679,"html":680,"doi":11},16111091,1922,"Gross (1922) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 57: 145.",{"id":682,"year":683,"html":684,"doi":11},16111092,1923,"Mellor, J.W. (1923) A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. 16 volumes, London: 3: 767.",{"id":686,"year":687,"html":688,"doi":11},16111093,1925,"Carobbi (1925) Ann. R. Osservat. Vesuviano [3]: 2: 125.",{"id":690,"year":691,"html":692,"doi":11},16111094,1927,"Dammer, B., Tietze, O. (1927) Die nutzbaren Mineralien, Stuttgart, 2nd. edition.",{"id":694,"year":691,"html":695,"doi":11},16111095,"Foshag, W.F. (1927) The selenite caves of Naica, Mexico. American Mineralogist: 12: 252-255.",{"id":697,"year":691,"html":698,"doi":11},16111096,"Himmel (1927) Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Stuttgart: 342.",{"id":700,"year":691,"html":701,"doi":11},16111097,"Matsuura (1927) Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography: 4: 65.",{"id":703,"year":704,"html":705,"doi":11},16111098,1928,"Nagy (1928) Zeitschrift für Physik, Brunswick, Berlin: 51: 410.",{"id":707,"year":708,"html":709,"doi":11},519649,1929,"Ramsdell, L. S., Partridge, E. P. (1929) The crystal forms of calcium sulphate. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  14 (2) 59-74 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM14\u002FAM14_59.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":711,"year":708,"html":712,"doi":11},16111099,"Berger, et al (1929) Akademie der Wissenschaften, Leipzig, Ber.: 81: 171.",{"id":714,"year":708,"html":715,"doi":11},16111100,"Hintze, C. (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3B], 4274. [localities]",{"id":717,"year":718,"html":719,"doi":11},16111102,1932,"Josten (1932) Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Stuttgart: 432.",{"id":721,"year":718,"html":722,"doi":11},16111103,"Parsons (1932) University of Toronto Studies, Geology Series, No. 32: 25.",{"id":724,"year":725,"html":726,"doi":11},16102395,1933,"Gallitelli, P. (1933) Ricerche sul solfato di calcio semidrato e sull’anidrite solubile. Periodico di Mineralogia: 4: 132-171.",{"id":728,"year":725,"html":729,"doi":11},16111104,"Gaubert (1933) Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 197: 72.",{"id":731,"year":732,"html":733,"doi":11},16111105,1934,"Beljankin and Feodotiev (1934) Trav. inst. pétrog. ac. sc. U.R.S.S., no. 6: 453.",{"id":735,"year":320,"html":736,"doi":11},16111107,"Weiser, H.B., Milligan, W.O., Ekholm, W.C. (1936) The mechanism of the dehydration of calcium sulfate hemihydrate. Journal of the American Chemical Society: 58: 1261-1265.",{"id":738,"year":320,"html":739,"doi":11},16111108,"Wooster (1936) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 94: 375.",{"id":741,"year":320,"html":742,"doi":743},4469477,"Iwase, Ei-ichi (1936) Über die Verteilung des Lumineszenzträgers im Gipskristall. \u003Ci>Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan\u003C\u002Fi>,  11 (7). 475-479 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1246\u002Fbcsj.11.475'>doi:10.1246\u002Fbcsj.11.475\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1246\u002Fbcsj.11.475",{"id":745,"year":320,"html":746,"doi":747},105276,"Wooster, W. A. (1936) On the Crystal Structure of Gypsum, CaSO₄ · 2H₂O. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  94 (1-6). 375-396 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1936.94.1.375'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1936.94.1.375\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1936.94.1.375",{"id":749,"year":750,"html":751,"doi":11},16111109,1937,"Büssem and Gallitelli (1937) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 96: 376.",{"id":753,"year":750,"html":754,"doi":11},16111110,"Gossner (1937) Forschritte der Mineralogie, Kristallographie und Petrographie: 21: 34.",{"id":756,"year":750,"html":757,"doi":11},16111111,"Gossner (1937) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie: 96: 488.",{"id":759,"year":750,"html":760,"doi":11},16111112,"Hill, A.E. (1937) The transition temperature of gypsum to anhydrite. Journal of the American Chemical Society: 59: 2242-2244.",{"id":762,"year":750,"html":763,"doi":764},105425,"Terpstra, P. (1937) On the Crystallography of Brushite. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  97 (1-6). 229-233 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1937.97.1.229'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1937.97.1.229\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1937.97.1.229",{"id":766,"year":767,"html":768,"doi":11},16111114,1938,"Posnjak, E. (1938) The system, CaSO4-H2O. American Journal of Science, 5th Series: 35A: 247-272.",{"id":770,"year":771,"html":772,"doi":11},16111115,1939,"Tokody (1939) Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungar., Min. Geol. Pal.: 32: 12.",{"id":774,"year":771,"html":775,"doi":11},16111116,"Tourtsev (1939) Bull. Académie of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Ser. Geol., no. 4: 180.",{"id":777,"year":771,"html":778,"doi":779},105590,"Jong, W. F. de; Bouman, J. (1939) Das reziproke und das Bravaissche Gitter von Gips. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  100 (1-6). 275-276 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1939.100.1.275'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1939.100.1.275\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1939.100.1.275",{"id":781,"year":782,"html":783,"doi":11},16111117,1940,"Posnjak, E. (1940) Deposition of calcium sulfate from sea water. American Journal of Science: 238: 559-568.",{"id":785,"year":782,"html":786,"doi":11},16111118,"Huff, L.C. (1940) Artificial helictites and gypsum flowers. Journal of Geology: 48: 641-659.",{"id":788,"year":789,"html":790,"doi":11},16111120,1943,"Bromehead, C.E.N. (1943) The forgotten uses of selenite. Mineralogical Magazine: 26: 325.",{"id":792,"year":789,"html":793,"doi":11},16111121,"Miropolsky and Borovick (1943) Comptes rendus de l’académie des sciences de U.R.S.S.: 38: 33.",{"id":795,"year":329,"html":796,"doi":11},16111122,"Berg and Sveshnikova (1946) Bull. ac. sc. U.R.S.S.: 51: 535.",{"id":798,"year":799,"html":800,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",[802,812,819,824,834,840,849,858,867,874,883,892,901,910,918,927,936,946,952,957,962,967,975,981,991,999,1008,1014,1023,1031,1039,1048,1056,1066,1073,1080,1085,1092,1101,1110,1117,1125,1132,1137,1147,1156,1164,1171,1177,1183,1190,1196,1205,1213,1222,1229,1237,1243,1249,1254,1260,1269,1278,1286,1294,1301,1308,1316,1323,1328,1335,1342,1348,1356,1362,1371,1379,1384,1392,1398,1403],{"id":803,"source_url":804,"license_code":805,"credit_html":806,"title":807,"description":808,"author":809,"original_width":810,"original_height":811},10652,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8533327","CC BY-SA 4.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8533327\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypse Caresse.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa> \n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality : \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCarresse-Cassaber\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Carresse-Cassaber\">Carresse-Cassaber\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pyrénées-Atlantiques\">Pyrénées-Atlantiques\u003C\u002Fa> - France\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size  27 × 22 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",3497,3139,{"id":813,"source_url":814,"license_code":815,"credit_html":816,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":817,"original_height":818},29825,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F55632","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F55632\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,662,{"id":820,"source_url":821,"license_code":815,"credit_html":822,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":817,"original_height":823},29826,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115032","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115032\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",666,{"id":825,"source_url":826,"license_code":827,"credit_html":828,"title":829,"description":830,"author":831,"original_width":832,"original_height":833},57776,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8655988","CC BY-SA 3.0","H. Zell, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8655988\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gips 01.jpg","Gypsum (Calcium sulfate, Ca[SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>] • 2 H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O); Friedrichsroda, Thüringen; Collection of the Institute of Mineralogy, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUniversity_of_T%C3%BCbingen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:University of Tübingen\">University of Tübingen\u003C\u002Fa>.","H. Zell",2213,1660,{"id":835,"source_url":836,"license_code":805,"credit_html":837,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":838,"original_height":839},29827,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F133589","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F133589\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",539,478,{"id":841,"source_url":842,"license_code":827,"credit_html":843,"title":844,"description":845,"author":846,"original_width":847,"original_height":848},37912,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167433","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10167433\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum-251119.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRed_River_Floodway\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Red River Floodway\">Red River Floodway\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWinnipeg\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Winnipeg\">Winnipeg\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FManitoba\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Manitoba\">Manitoba\u003C\u002Fa>, Canada (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-105900.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 9.4 x 4.9 x 4.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This specimen consists of excellent, very aesthetic, razor-sharp, golden color, gem, \"fishtail\"-twinned crystals of Gypsum sitting atop a \"ball\" of Gypsum which is comprised of several single bladed crystals. The largest twinned crystal measures 4.3 cm long. This \"floater\" crystal formed in a calcium clay\u002Fsediment and has no point of attachment whatsoever. The color is very attractive for the species as well. The material is typically very fluorescent as well. Ex. Brian Kosnar Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",521,432,{"id":850,"source_url":851,"license_code":805,"credit_html":852,"title":853,"description":854,"author":855,"original_width":856,"original_height":857},10655,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=104334713","Ivar Leidus, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=104334713\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum - Sieroszowice mine, Lubin, Lower Silesia, Poland.jpg","Partly transparent gypsum crystals with green herbertsmithite inclusions (5.3 × 3.5 × 3.5 cm). Found from Sieroszowice mine, Lubin, Lower Silesia, Poland","Ivar Leidus",6600,5500,{"id":859,"source_url":860,"license_code":805,"credit_html":861,"title":862,"description":863,"author":864,"original_width":865,"original_height":866},10656,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157393816","W.carter, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157393816\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum crystal 1.jpg","A single long raw gypsum crystal. Studio photography in Vibble, Visby, Gotland, Sweden.","W.carter",3474,2482,{"id":868,"source_url":869,"license_code":805,"credit_html":870,"title":871,"description":863,"author":864,"original_width":872,"original_height":873},10657,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157393817","W.carter, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157393817\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum crystal 2.jpg",3937,2948,{"id":875,"source_url":876,"license_code":815,"credit_html":877,"title":878,"description":879,"author":880,"original_width":881,"original_height":882},10658,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167134255","Animalculum, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=167134255\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum, Musee de Mineralogie, Paris, 2025.jpg","Gypsum from Great Salt Plains, Oklahoma, USA in Musee de Mineralogie, Paris","Animalculum",2439,3252,{"id":884,"source_url":885,"license_code":815,"credit_html":886,"title":887,"description":888,"author":889,"original_width":890,"original_height":891},37915,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=89162104","Andros-zz, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=89162104\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Кристаллы гипса.jpg","Gypsum crystal","Andros-zz",4734,3156,{"id":893,"source_url":894,"license_code":815,"credit_html":895,"title":896,"description":897,"author":898,"original_width":899,"original_height":900},10659,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=183336150","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=183336150\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum Mesgarabad Minéraux SU.jpg","Gypsum from Mesgarabad, Tehran province, Iran. Sorbonne University mineral collection.","Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart",4154,6231,{"id":902,"source_url":903,"license_code":805,"credit_html":904,"title":905,"description":906,"author":907,"original_width":908,"original_height":909},37919,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113721569","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113721569\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 281 - Gypse (Le Percy Monestier, Isère, France).jpg","Gypse, en provenance de Le Percy Monestier (Isère, France), au Muséum de Nantes","Koreller",3020,2732,{"id":911,"source_url":912,"license_code":805,"credit_html":913,"title":914,"description":915,"author":907,"original_width":916,"original_height":917},37920,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113747277","Koreller, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=113747277\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Muséum de Nantes - 441 - Gypse (Batz-sur-Mer, France).jpg","Gypse, en provenance de Batz-sur-Mer (France), au Muséum de Nantes",4272,2848,{"id":919,"source_url":920,"license_code":805,"credit_html":921,"title":922,"description":923,"author":924,"original_width":925,"original_height":926},37929,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=138615590","Geolina163, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=138615590\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Joanneum Naturkundemuseum Gips Friedrichsroda.jpg","Universalmuseum Joanneum Naturkundemuseum : Gips \u002F Friedrichsroda","Geolina163",4829,2550,{"id":928,"source_url":929,"license_code":805,"credit_html":930,"title":931,"description":932,"author":933,"original_width":934,"original_height":935},34960,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=23353619","DerHexer, Wikimedia Commons, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=23353619\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Harvard Museum of Natural History. Gypsum Desert Rose. Dhahran, Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia (DerHexer) 2012-07-20.jpg","Harvard Museum of Natural History. Gypsum Desert Rose. Dhahran, Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia.","DerHexer, Wikimedia Commons",2892,2633,{"id":937,"source_url":938,"license_code":939,"credit_html":940,"title":941,"description":942,"author":943,"original_width":944,"original_height":945},34968,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=117966960","CC BY-SA 2.0","Jan Helebrant, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=117966960\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","IMGP2025176 (51402286231).jpg","\u003Cp>Saharan gypsum desert rose from Tunisia\nlocality: Tunisia\nNote: label said \"Djebel Mahseur, Tunisia\", but seems to be wrong as \"Djebel Mahseur\" is in Morocco and these minerals are mainly from Tunisian desert\nphoto (c) 2021 Jan Helebrant\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.juhele.blogspot.com\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.juhele.blogspot.com\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">www.juhele.blogspot.com<\u002Fa>","Jan Helebrant",4000,3000,{"id":947,"source_url":948,"license_code":939,"credit_html":949,"title":950,"description":942,"author":943,"original_width":951,"original_height":944},34969,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=117966986","Jan Helebrant, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=117966986\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","IMGP2025186 (51401550742).jpg",6000,{"id":953,"source_url":954,"license_code":939,"credit_html":955,"title":956,"description":942,"author":943,"original_width":951,"original_height":944},34970,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=117966989","Jan Helebrant, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=117966989\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","IMGP2025182 (51402556723).jpg",{"id":958,"source_url":959,"license_code":939,"credit_html":960,"title":961,"description":942,"author":943,"original_width":951,"original_height":944},34971,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=117967000","Jan Helebrant, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=117967000\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","IMGP2025181 (51402292001).jpg",{"id":963,"source_url":964,"license_code":939,"credit_html":965,"title":966,"description":942,"author":943,"original_width":951,"original_height":944},34972,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=117967012","Jan Helebrant, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=117967012\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","IMGP2025192 (51403063274).jpg",{"id":968,"source_url":969,"license_code":805,"credit_html":970,"title":971,"description":972,"author":973,"original_width":974,"original_height":944},35015,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=142665919","Museo de Ciencias Naturales “Dr. José Squadrone”, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=142665919\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Réplica en yeso de un riñón (Colección Squadrone).jpg","En esta foto se muestra una réplica en yeso de un riñón sobre un fondo rojo, junto con una escala y un papel con su nombre de catalogo, que la acompañan como referencia. Es de color bordo con fragmentos blancos.","Museo de Ciencias Naturales “Dr. José Squadrone”",6016,{"id":976,"source_url":977,"license_code":805,"credit_html":978,"title":979,"description":980,"author":973,"original_width":974,"original_height":944},35017,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=142702179","Museo de Ciencias Naturales “Dr. José Squadrone”, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=142702179\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Réplica en yeso de un trozo de carne (Colección Squadrone).jpg","En esta foto se muestra una réplica en yeso de un trozo de carne sobre un fondo rojo, junto con una escala y un papel con su nombre de catalogo, que la acompañan como referencia. Es de color rojo con blanco en las partes que simulan la grasa del animal.",{"id":982,"source_url":983,"license_code":984,"credit_html":985,"title":986,"description":987,"author":988,"original_width":989,"original_height":990},37911,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8313276","CC BY-SA 2.5","Dave Bunnell \u002F Under Earth Images, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8313276\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lechuguilla Chandelier Ballroom.jpg","Photo by Dave Bunnell of the Chandelier Ballroom in Lechuguilla Cave.  These are the largest known gypsum stalactites in the world. Each is tipped with a spray of gypsum crystals.","Dave Bunnell \u002F Under Earth Images",3566,4308,{"id":992,"source_url":993,"license_code":827,"credit_html":994,"title":995,"description":996,"author":846,"original_width":997,"original_height":998},78850,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10119901","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10119901\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum-20443.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNaica\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Naica\">Naica\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSaucillo_(municipality)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Saucillo (municipality)\">Municipio de Saucillo\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChihuahua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chihuahua\">Chihuahua\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2308.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Six centimeters thick, but so water-clear you can see fingerprints right through it! Though gypsum crystals are not uncommon, sharp, clear whoppers such as this are quite desirable, and just plain visually striking! It weighs about 4 pounds so it is not dinky by any stretch. 25 x 11.5 x 5.8 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,543,{"id":1000,"source_url":1001,"license_code":805,"credit_html":1002,"title":1003,"description":1004,"author":1005,"original_width":1006,"original_height":1007},86789,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=137851486","Onceuponashell, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=137851486\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Yowah Nuts and gypsum.jpg","Yowah Nuts and gypsum in the Yowah Opal Field","Onceuponashell",4032,2268,{"id":1009,"source_url":1010,"license_code":805,"credit_html":1011,"title":1012,"description":1013,"author":1005,"original_width":1006,"original_height":1007},86791,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=137851741","Onceuponashell, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=137851741\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum at Yowah.jpg","Cross section of naturally  formed gypsum in the Yowah Opal Field.",{"id":1015,"source_url":1016,"license_code":1017,"credit_html":1018,"title":1019,"description":1020,"author":1021,"original_width":1006,"original_height":1022},34973,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181628521","CC0 1.0","RegionVisitor90, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181628521\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Woodsie's Gem Shop, Nichols Point 20250215-121703.jpg","Gypsum Rose Crystals (Woolcunda Station) on display at Woodsie's Gem Shop near Mildura","RegionVisitor90",3024,{"id":1024,"source_url":1025,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1026,"title":1027,"description":1028,"author":846,"original_width":1029,"original_height":1030},3714,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456201","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456201\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Gypsum-pas-13a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBotryogen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Botryogen\">Botryogen\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sierra Gorda District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTocopilla_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tocopilla Province\">Tocopilla Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAntofagasta_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Antofagasta Region\">Antofagasta Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Chile (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-672.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 9.0 x 7.7 x 6.4 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Botryogen included in Gypsum\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Bright, cherry-red crystals of gypsum to 2.5 cm are colored by rich inclusions of the rare species botrygen, in this unusual specimen that is both historic and beautiful. Note how the best included areas show crystals, acicular needles, of botrygen shooting through the selenite! The little cavity with the major crystals is protected, and host also to freestanding botrygen crystals around the selenite terminations. This has to also be the oldest Wards label I have seen personally go through my hands, probably dating to the late 1800s. Note that, interestingly, on his label, Ward did not identify the red substance - botrygen was added in later in a different hand. On the museum label, they thenmisidentified the inclusions as a crocoite at first, an error later corrected when the material was further studied. The Chilean suite of this collection was particularly important.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",800,652,{"id":1032,"source_url":1033,"license_code":805,"credit_html":1034,"title":1035,"description":1036,"author":809,"original_width":1037,"original_height":1038},7083,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8533640","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8533640\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Roses des Sables Tunisie.jpg","Desert roses (Gypsum)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality : Southern Tunisia\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size : 47 × 33 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",4036,2831,{"id":1040,"source_url":1041,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1042,"title":1043,"description":1044,"author":1045,"original_width":1046,"original_height":1047},8580,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=61662545","Travis A. Olds, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=61662545\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Rietveldite, Gypsum, Ferricopiapite-805470.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRietveldite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rietveldite\">Rietveldite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFerricopiapite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ferricopiapite\">Ferricopiapite\u003C\u002Fa> (Field of view 1.55 mm))\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Giveway-Simplot Mine, Red Canyon, White Canyon District, San Juan Co., Utah, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Tiny euhedral rietveldite crystals sprinkled on black asphaltum matrix. Associated minerals include colorless gypsum and yellow ferricopiapite. Horizontal field of view is 1.55 mm. Collected 2006\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Travis A. Olds",1052,687,{"id":1049,"source_url":1050,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1051,"title":1052,"description":1053,"author":846,"original_width":1054,"original_height":1055},10013,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10152032","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10152032\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum-Glauberite-178641.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGlauberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Glauberite\">Glauberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCamp_Verde,_Arizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Camp Verde, Arizona\">Camp Verde\u003C\u002Fa>, Camp Verde District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FYavapai_County,_Arizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Yavapai County, Arizona\">Yavapai County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arizona\">Arizona\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3394.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.9 x 3.1 x 2.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a razor-sharp pseudomorph of gypsum after flattened rhombs of glauberite, an old-timer specimen from Camp Verde in Arizona.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",366,400,{"id":1057,"source_url":1058,"license_code":1059,"credit_html":1060,"title":1061,"description":1062,"author":1063,"original_width":1064,"original_height":1065},10349,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=96474598","CC BY 2.0","Grand Canyon National Park, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=96474598\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Grand Canyon National Park Gypsum & Smithsonite & Azurite & Malachite (6214786042).jpg","\u003Cp>GRCA_108169_\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>While Grand Canyon is most famous for vast views of towering cliffs, it holds additional geologic treasures, some as tiny as the delicate blue-green needles of a grandviewite crystal.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Pete Berry and partners developed the Grandview Mine from two mining claims filed in 1890. The Grandview Trail was built in 1892-1893 to service the mine to haul ore out of the canyon by pack train. The ore consisted mostly of copper sulfate minerals including cyanotrichite, brochantite, and chalcoalumite, along with copper carbonates such as azurite and malachite. Like many historic mines in Grand Canyon, including the Orphan Mine, the mineralized zone is in a breccia pipe, which is a cylindrical mass of highly fractured rock. In the Grand Canyon region, breccia pipes formed from the collapse of solution caverns in the Redwall Limestone. The highly porous brecciated rock in these features was mineralized by copper- and\u002For uranium-bearing fluids.  Learn more here:  <a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.nps.gov\u002Fgrca\u002Fnaturescience\u002Fcynsk-v25.htm\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.nps.gov\u002Fgrca\u002Fnaturescience\u002Fcynsk-v25.htm\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"nofollow\">www.nps.gov\u002Fgrca\u002Fnaturescience\u002Fcynsk-v25.htm<\u002Fa>\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nNPS photo by Michael Quinn","Grand Canyon National Park",4630,2772,{"id":1067,"source_url":1068,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1069,"title":1070,"description":1071,"author":846,"original_width":1072,"original_height":1029},10730,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149598","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10149598\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Haiweeite-Gypsum-169928.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHaiweeite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Haiweeite\">Haiweeite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSelenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Selenite\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Perus, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FS%C3%A3o_Paulo\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:São Paulo\">São Paulo\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FS%C3%A3o_Paulo\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:São Paulo\">São Paulo\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-14756.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.5 x 5.0 x 1.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This rare and colorful uranium mineral is emplaced on matrix with contrasting white selenite and features glassy, translucent, lemon yellow crystal sprays reaching 6mm across amidst the selenite. It is a very attractive, high quality specimen from this locality which has produced best of species so far as I know. Carlos Barbosa brought most of them out in the late 1990s and only rarely does a good piece turn up on the market nowadays.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",732,{"id":1074,"source_url":1075,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1076,"title":1077,"description":1078,"author":846,"original_width":997,"original_height":1079},10731,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10150029","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10150029\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Haiweeite-Gypsum-171826.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHaiweeite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Haiweeite\">Haiweeite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSelenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Selenite\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Perus, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FS%C3%A3o_Paulo\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:São Paulo\">São Paulo\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FS%C3%A3o_Paulo\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:São Paulo\">São Paulo\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-14756.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.5 x 5.6 x 1.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Haiweeite is one of the more attractive of the non-African suite of radioactives containing uranium, and remains a rarity known in good crystals from but a few locales. This is a very rare, hydrated, calcium, uranium, silicate. Extremely colorful and rarely ever seen in dealers stocks. This is a large and rich specimen of the material. It came out about 6 years ago. Tim Blackwood Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",565,{"id":1081,"source_url":1082,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1083,"title":1084,"description":1078,"author":846,"original_width":1055,"original_height":1055},10732,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10150030","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10150030\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Haiweeite-Gypsum-171827.jpg",{"id":1086,"source_url":1087,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1088,"title":1089,"description":1090,"author":846,"original_width":1091,"original_height":1055},10735,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453421","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453421\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum-Haiweeite-mrz256b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHaiweeite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Haiweeite\">Haiweeite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Perus, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FS%C3%A3o_Paulo\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:São Paulo\">São Paulo\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FS%C3%A3o_Paulo\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:São Paulo\">São Paulo\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-14756.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.5 x 5.6 x 1.9 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Haiweeite on Selenite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Haiweeite is one of the more attractive of the non-African suite of radioactives containing uranium, and remains a rarity known in good crystals from but a few locales. This is a very rare, hydrated, calcium, uranium, silicate. Extremely colorful and rarely ever seen in dealers stocks. This is a large and rich specimen of the material. It came out about 6 years ago, if i recall.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",383,{"id":1093,"source_url":1094,"license_code":805,"credit_html":1095,"title":1096,"description":1097,"author":1098,"original_width":1099,"original_height":1100},11347,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=35396297","BLFrank, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=35396297\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schröckingerite, Hexahydrite, Gypsum.jpg","Palegreen aggregates of foliated schröckingerite crystals with colourless aggregates of hexahydrite coated with colourless, transparent gypsum from Rožná dump, shaft Bukov 2, Vysočina region, Moravia, Czech Republic (Field of view: 5.8 mm)","BLFrank",5499,3744,{"id":1102,"source_url":1103,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1104,"title":1105,"description":1106,"author":1107,"original_width":1108,"original_height":1109},12286,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146997711","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146997711\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Iowait, Gips (OM1-565A).JPG","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIowaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Iowaite\">Iowaite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Talnakh, Norilsk, Siberia, Russia\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Weight: 69.9 g\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","HolDu",3106,3116,{"id":1111,"source_url":1112,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1113,"title":1114,"description":1106,"author":1107,"original_width":1115,"original_height":1116},12287,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146997743","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=146997743\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Iowait, Gips (OM1-581A).JPG",3531,3468,{"id":1118,"source_url":1119,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1120,"title":1121,"description":1122,"author":1107,"original_width":1123,"original_height":1124},13727,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162679324","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162679324\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ktenasit, Gips-28626.JPG","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKtenasite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ktenasite\">Ktenasite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa> \n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Glomsrudkollen, Modum, Norway\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",4134,3514,{"id":1126,"source_url":1127,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1128,"title":1129,"description":1122,"author":1107,"original_width":1130,"original_height":1131},13728,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162679361","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162679361\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ktenasit, Gips-28626 2.JPG",5184,3888,{"id":1133,"source_url":1134,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1135,"title":1136,"description":1122,"author":1107,"original_width":1130,"original_height":1131},13729,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162679406","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162679406\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ktenasit, Gips-28626 3.JPG",{"id":1138,"source_url":1139,"license_code":1140,"credit_html":1141,"title":1142,"description":1143,"author":1144,"original_width":1145,"original_height":1146},16355,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=21712359","Public domain","Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=21712359\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Mirabilite, gypsum-470611.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMirabilite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mirabilite\">Mirabilite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa> (Size: 18 x 4 cm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Vipos, Trancas Department, Tucumán, Argentina\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Vein of Mirabilite well Crystallized in Gypsum strata. From Gypsum Deposit of Vipos. Photo Taken by Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry in June 2012.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry",1024,768,{"id":1148,"source_url":1149,"license_code":1017,"credit_html":1150,"title":1151,"description":1152,"author":1153,"original_width":1154,"original_height":1155},18123,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=64012375","Gianfranco Ciccolini, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=64012375\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Onoratoite, Gypsum-843563.jpg",":Spray of thin, tabular crystals of onoratoite. At the bottom left a clear and well-formed crystal of gypsum. This is an old specimen, already represented in the book \"Come collezionare i minerali dalla A alla Z\", Alberto Peruzzo Editore, 1988, page 221. Ex A. & R. Pagano collection. Now in the collection of Gianfranco Ciccolini, author of the photo here posted.\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Le Cetine di Cotorniano Mine, Chiusdino, Siena Province, Tuscany, Italy\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Gianfranco Ciccolini",1421,951,{"id":1157,"source_url":1158,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1159,"title":1160,"description":1161,"author":1107,"original_width":1162,"original_height":1163},21492,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=170618549","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=170618549\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sampleit, Gips-27080 1.JPG","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSampleite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sampleite\">Sampleite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Weight: 8,0 g\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Chuquicamata, Chile\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",4796,3346,{"id":1165,"source_url":1166,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1167,"title":1168,"description":1169,"author":846,"original_width":1170,"original_height":997},22460,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151292","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151292\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sklodowskite-Gypsum-176752.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSklodowskite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sklodowskite\">Sklodowskite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Animas Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFrancisco_Portillo\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Francisco Portillo\">Francisco Portillo\u003C\u002Fa>, West Camp, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanta_Eulalia_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Santa Eulalia District\">Santa Eulalia District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAquiles_Serd%C3%A1n,_Chihuahua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aquiles Serdán, Chihuahua\">Municipio de Aquiles Serdán\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChihuahua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chihuahua\">Chihuahua\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-9849.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.6 x 3.8 x 2.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Eye-visible, large-for-species, GEMMY, crystals of sklodowskite perched on contrasting matrix of gypsum. Crystals are 2-4 mm in size with a bright neon yellow color. Ex. Martin Zinn Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",510,{"id":1172,"source_url":1173,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1174,"title":1175,"description":1169,"author":846,"original_width":1176,"original_height":1055},22461,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151294","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151294\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sklodowskite-Gypsum-176753.jpg",381,{"id":1178,"source_url":1179,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1180,"title":1181,"description":1182,"author":846,"original_width":1170,"original_height":997},22462,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453493","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453493\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum-Sklodowskite-mrz306a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSklodowskite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sklodowskite\">Sklodowskite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Animas Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFrancisco_Portillo\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Francisco Portillo\">Francisco Portillo\u003C\u002Fa>, West Camp, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanta_Eulalia_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Santa Eulalia District\">Santa Eulalia District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAquiles_Serd%C3%A1n,_Chihuahua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aquiles Serdán, Chihuahua\">Municipio de Aquiles Serdán\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChihuahua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chihuahua\">Chihuahua\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-9849.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 6.6 x 3.8 x 2.1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Sklodowskite in Gypsum\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This piece is VERY fine in that it has eye-visible, large-for-species, GEMMY, crystals of sklodowsite perched on contrasting matrix of gypsum. It looks like lemon-yellow candy on sugar, to the eyes. Crystals are 2-4 mmin size, and are just literally so bright neon yellow, it is hard to see them for the glare of the color reflecting back. This is, for quality, the best example I have ever seen from the locale by an order of magnitude...usually they are just boring micros.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":1184,"source_url":1185,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1186,"title":1187,"description":1188,"author":846,"original_width":1189,"original_height":1055},24312,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10429122","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10429122\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum-Todorokite-ch26b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTodorokite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Todorokite\">Todorokite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRancho_Pe%C3%B1asquitos,_San_Diego,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rancho Peñasquitos, San Diego, California\">Rancho Penasquitos\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Diego_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Diego County, California\">San Diego County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-211023.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: cabinet, 16.9 x 12.0 x 8.0 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Todorokite on Gypsum\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A truly bizarre specimen featuring a todorokite crystal, crude and ugly though it is, perched on matrix. Extremely rare and unusual. This crystal may be a replacement of a previous mineral, but we do not know of what. Self collected by Chuck on a grading project in Penasquitos in the late 1980's. Ex. Chuck Houser Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",384,{"id":1191,"source_url":1192,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1193,"title":1194,"description":1188,"author":846,"original_width":1029,"original_height":1195},24313,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10429124","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10429124\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum-Todorokite-ch26a.jpg",574,{"id":1197,"source_url":1198,"license_code":1017,"credit_html":1199,"title":1200,"description":1201,"author":1202,"original_width":1203,"original_height":1204},24548,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188115105","Slashme, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188115105\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tripuhyit Antimonit Gips 32913 1.jpg","Tripuhyite, stibnite and gypsum from Cetine di Cotormiano, Tuscany, Italy. 211.2 g - mm scale","Slashme",4123,4133,{"id":1206,"source_url":1207,"license_code":1017,"credit_html":1208,"title":1209,"description":1210,"author":1202,"original_width":1211,"original_height":1212},24549,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188115106","Slashme, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=188115106\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tripuhyit Antimonit Gips 32913 2.jpg","Tripuhyite, stibnite and gypsum from Cetine di Cotormiano, Tuscany, Italy.",6984,4660,{"id":1214,"source_url":1215,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1216,"title":1217,"description":1218,"author":1219,"original_width":1220,"original_height":1221},28374,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8547967","The High Fin Sperm Whale, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8547967\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Xonotlite and Gypsum.jpg","Crystals of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXonotlite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xonotlite\">Xonotlite\u003C\u002Fa> encased behind \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>. Photo taken at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.eos.ubc.ca\u002Fresources\u002Fmuseum\u002Fhistory.html\">the Pacific Museum of the Earth\u003C\u002Fa>.","The High Fin Sperm Whale",3264,2448,{"id":1223,"source_url":1224,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1225,"title":1226,"description":1227,"author":846,"original_width":997,"original_height":1228},34174,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441538","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441538\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Atacamite-Gypsum-Quartz-mix2b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAtacamite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Atacamite\">Atacamite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Gladys Pocket, Lily Mine, Pisco, Peru\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5 x 3.6 x 1.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Paratacamite on Quartz with Selenite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A gorgeous specimen with really rich coverage of Paratacamite , to 1 mm or so, on matrix of sparkling quartz infused with blue chrysocolla. Selenite, which you can look right though, caps off the protected vug! 5 x 3.6 x 1.2 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",490,{"id":1230,"source_url":1231,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1232,"title":1233,"description":1234,"author":846,"original_width":1235,"original_height":1236},36402,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10134760","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10134760\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Boleite-Atacamite-Gypsum-52632.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBoleite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Boleite\">Boleite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAtacamite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Atacamite\">Atacamite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Amelia Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanta_Rosal%C3%ADa\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Santa Rosalía\">Santa Rosalía (El Boleo)\u003C\u002Fa>, Boleo District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMuleg%C3%A9_(municipality)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mulegé (municipality)\">Municipio de Mulegé\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBaja_California_Sur\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Baja California Sur\">Baja California Sur\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5565.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Lustrous, indigo-blue boleite cubes to 5 mm are aesthetically sprinkled on the stabilized clay matrix, which is enhanced by atacamite and gypsum. This piece hails from the famous Amelia Mine of Baja California Sur and was collected in the venture by Bill Larson and Ed Swoboda in the mid 1970s. 4.2 x 3.1 x 2.0 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",403,597,{"id":1238,"source_url":1239,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1240,"title":1241,"description":1242,"author":846,"original_width":1029,"original_height":1030},36624,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158623","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158623\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Gypsum-199664.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBotryogen\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Botryogen\">Botryogen\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSelenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Selenite\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sierra Gorda District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTocopilla_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tocopilla Province\">Tocopilla Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAntofagasta_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Antofagasta Region\">Antofagasta Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Chile (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-672.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 9.0 x 7.7 x 6.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Bright, cherry-red crystals of gypsum to 2.5 cm are colored by rich inclusions of the rare species botrygen, in this unusual specimen that is both historic and beautiful. Note how the best included areas show crystals, acicular needles, of botrygen shooting through the selenite. The little cavity with the major crystals is protected, and host also to freestanding botrygen crystals around the selenite terminations. Ex. Philadelphia Academy of Sciences Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":1244,"source_url":1245,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1246,"title":1247,"description":1242,"author":846,"original_width":1055,"original_height":1248},36625,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158624","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158624\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Gypsum-199665.jpg",340,{"id":1250,"source_url":1251,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1252,"title":1253,"description":1028,"author":846,"original_width":1055,"original_height":1248},36636,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456204","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456204\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Gypsum-pas-13c.jpg",{"id":1255,"source_url":1256,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1257,"title":1258,"description":1028,"author":846,"original_width":1055,"original_height":1259},36637,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456205","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10456205\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Botryogen-Gypsum-pas-13d.jpg",339,{"id":1261,"source_url":1262,"license_code":1059,"credit_html":1263,"title":1264,"description":1265,"author":1266,"original_width":1267,"original_height":1268},36752,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84690168","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84690168\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Rock anhydrite (St. Louis Limestone, Middle Mississippian; subsurface gypsum mine in Martin County, Indiana, USA) (30048366846).jpg","\u003Cp>Rock anhydrite from the Mississippian of Indiana, USA. (Indiana State Museum collection)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Rock anhydrite is an uncommon, crystalline-textured, ~monomineralic, chemical sedimentary rock.  It is composed of the mineral anhydrite (CaSO4 - calcium sulfate), which is gypsum withouth the water (gypsum is hydrous calcium sulfate - CaSO4·2H2O).  Rock anhydrite has the same origin as rock salt (halitite) and rock gypsum (gyprock) - they are all evaporites, formed by the evaporation of water (usually seawater) and the precipitation of dissolved minerals.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Rock anhydrite is prone to conversion to rock gypsum, and vice versa.  Rock anhdyrite to rock gypsum transformations occur commonly in nature - the accompanying volume changes often result in significant deformation of surrounding rocks.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Stratigraphy: St. Louis Limestone, Meramecian Stage, Middle Mississippian\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocality: subsurface gypsum mine in Martin County, southwestern Indiana, USA","James St. John",1678,3131,{"id":1270,"source_url":1271,"license_code":1272,"credit_html":1273,"title":1274,"description":1275,"author":809,"original_width":1276,"original_height":1277},39117,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8792379","CC BY 3.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=8792379\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","ChalcanthitefranceII.jpg","Chalcanthite and Gypsum - Canaveille mine - Pyrénées Orientales France (20x16cm)",3895,2974,{"id":1279,"source_url":1280,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1281,"title":1282,"description":1283,"author":846,"original_width":1284,"original_height":1285},51068,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453589","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453589\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Creedite-Gypsum-mrz345a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCreedite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Creedite\">Creedite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSanta_Eulalia_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Santa Eulalia District\">Santa Eulalia District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAquiles_Serd%C3%A1n,_Chihuahua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Aquiles Serdán, Chihuahua\">Municipio de Aquiles Serdán\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FChihuahua\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Chihuahua\">Chihuahua\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2311.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 6 x 4.3 x 3.3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Creedite with Selenite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Crystals of lustrous, light mauve, creedite, to .7 cm in length are surrounded by glassy, colorless crystals of gypsum, to 2.5 cm in length. There are a few slightly bruised terminations among the gypsum crystals but the resultant effect is insignificant. VERY unusual cmbination!\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",452,599,{"id":1287,"source_url":1288,"license_code":815,"credit_html":1289,"title":1290,"description":1291,"author":1292,"original_width":675,"original_height":1293},51344,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162645814","Henk Smeets – tomeikminerals.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162645814\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum, Cumengeite-13677 (Henk Smeets, tomeikminerals).jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa> with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCumengeite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cumengeite\">Cumengeite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Field of view: 5 mm high\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Juliushütte, Astfeld, Goslar District, Lower Saxony, Germany\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Henk Smeets – tomeikminerals.com",1280,{"id":1295,"source_url":1296,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1297,"title":1298,"description":1299,"author":846,"original_width":1300,"original_height":997},56681,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10150246","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10150246\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum-Glauberite-172282.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGlauberite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Glauberite\">Glauberite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCamp_Verde,_Arizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Camp Verde, Arizona\">Camp Verde\u003C\u002Fa>, Camp Verde District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FYavapai_County,_Arizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Yavapai County, Arizona\">Yavapai County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arizona\">Arizona\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3394.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.4 x 2.9 x 1.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fascinating pseudomorph of gypsum that has replaced the original glauberite crystal, retaining razor-sharp form - the result looking like something man-made or a crystal model in a textbook! It is a pristine floater. This is an old and very unusual Arizona specimen.   This Photo was Mindat.org Photo of the Day - 12th Oct 2009\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",412,{"id":1302,"source_url":1303,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1304,"title":1305,"description":1306,"author":846,"original_width":1055,"original_height":1307},60845,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450439","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450439\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum-Inesite-Xonotlite-k211c.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FInesite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Inesite\">Inesite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FXonotlite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Xonotlite\">Xonotlite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Cape\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Cape\">Northern Cape Province\u003C\u002Fa>, South Africa (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3071.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.8 x 4.2 x 2.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Xonotlite in Selenite with Inesite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Wow! Wonderfully unique specimen featuring a 1.5 cm perfect xonotlite preserved like a fly in amber inside selenite that overlaid it. Other xonotlite balls stick out the side.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",246,{"id":1309,"source_url":1310,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1311,"title":1312,"description":1313,"author":846,"original_width":1314,"original_height":1315},63112,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139755","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139755\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kottigite-Gypsum-Mimetite-119620.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FK%C3%B6ttigite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Köttigite\">Köttigite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSelenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Selenite\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMimetite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mimetite\">Mimetite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Ojuela Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMapim%C3%AD\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mapimí\">Mapimí\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMapim%C3%AD_(municipality)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mapimí (municipality)\">Municipio de Mapimí\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDurango\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Durango\">Durango\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2318.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 12.5 x 10.5 x 6.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Kottigite is a VERY RARE mineral from the famous Mina Ojuela and this showy CABINET combo specimen has at least 10 sprays of lustrous, grayish blue kottigite associated with a centrally located, 5.5cm, water-clear selenite on botryoidal mimetite-coated gossan matrix. Kottigite is related to legrandite, of which, Mina Ojuela is renowned. From the stock of Ed Swoboda. The last major find of kottigite at Mina Ojuela was in 1974 and remains a classic that is difficult to acquire in fine specimens.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",650,515,{"id":1317,"source_url":1318,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1319,"title":1320,"description":1313,"author":846,"original_width":1321,"original_height":1322},63113,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139756","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10139756\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kottigite-Gypsum-Mimetite-119622.jpg",631,564,{"id":1324,"source_url":1325,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1326,"title":1327,"description":1122,"author":1107,"original_width":1130,"original_height":1131},63286,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162679443","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162679443\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ktenasit, Gips-28626 4.JPG",{"id":1329,"source_url":1330,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1331,"title":1332,"description":1333,"author":846,"original_width":1029,"original_height":1334},72687,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124282","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124282\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Paratacamite-Gypsum-Quartz-33981.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FParatacamite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Paratacamite\">Paratacamite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Lily Mine (Lilly Mine), Pisco Umay, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIca_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ica Region\">Ica Department\u003C\u002Fa>, Peru (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-6987.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.1 x 6.6 x 6.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Lustrous, forest-green paratacamite crystals to 3 mm richly line a well-placed vug in the cabinet quartz matrix and are in stark contrast to the water-clear gypsum blades adjacent to the right. This specimen is from the one-time, 1998, Gladys Pocket in the Lily Mine of Peru.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",559,{"id":1336,"source_url":1337,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1338,"title":1339,"description":1333,"author":846,"original_width":1340,"original_height":1341},72690,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158810","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10158810\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Paratacamite-Gypsum-Quartz-200216.jpg",682,530,{"id":1343,"source_url":1344,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1345,"title":1346,"description":1227,"author":846,"original_width":1347,"original_height":1055},72691,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441539","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441539\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Atacamite-Gypsum-Quartz-mix2a.jpg",392,{"id":1349,"source_url":1350,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1351,"title":1352,"description":1353,"author":846,"original_width":1354,"original_height":1355},73773,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10130281","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10130281\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Philipsburgite-Mimetite-Gypsum-41013.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPhilipsburgite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Philipsburgite\">Philipsburgite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMimetite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mimetite\">Mimetite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSelenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Selenite\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Black Pine Mine (Combination Mine; Black Pine Tailings; Black Pine Dump), Flint Creek Valley, John Long Mts, Philipsburg District (Flint Creek District), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGranite_County,_Montana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Granite County, Montana\">Granite County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMontana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Montana\">Montana\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3875.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An unusual and showy combination specimen from the famous Black Pine Mine of Montana. Turquoise-green philipsburgite - this is the TYPE LOCALITY, coats a pristine quartz crystal on matrix. Green microcrystallized mimetite and selenite crystals are nicely set on the specimen. This is a RARE COMBINATION piece especially for the mimetite 2.7 x 1.8 x 1.5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",356,550,{"id":1357,"source_url":1358,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1359,"title":1360,"description":1161,"author":1107,"original_width":1162,"original_height":1361},77926,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=170618576","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=170618576\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sampleit, Gips-27080 2.JPG",3652,{"id":1363,"source_url":1364,"license_code":805,"credit_html":1365,"title":1366,"description":1367,"author":1368,"original_width":1369,"original_height":1370},77927,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=187239246","Strubbl, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=187239246\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sampleit Gips 27080 1.jpg","Sampleit Gips 27080 1","Strubbl",6111,4070,{"id":1372,"source_url":1373,"license_code":805,"credit_html":1374,"title":1375,"description":1376,"author":1368,"original_width":1377,"original_height":1378},77928,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=187239257","Strubbl, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=187239257\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sampleit Gips 27080 2.jpg","Sampleit Gips 27080 2",7032,4688,{"id":1380,"source_url":1381,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1382,"title":1383,"description":1182,"author":846,"original_width":1176,"original_height":1055},79789,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453494","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453494\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum-Sklodowskite-mrz306b.jpg",{"id":1385,"source_url":1386,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1387,"title":1388,"description":1389,"author":1107,"original_width":1390,"original_height":1391},80066,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162903405","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=162903405\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Spangolith, Gips.JPG","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSpangolite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Spangolite\">Spangolite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGypsum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Gypsum\">Gypsum\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Weight: 93.21 g\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Ag.Ilario, Lavrion, Greece\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",3941,2625,{"id":1393,"source_url":1394,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1395,"title":1396,"description":1306,"author":846,"original_width":1029,"original_height":1397},86629,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450438","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450438\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum-Inesite-Xonotlite-k211a.jpg",665,{"id":1399,"source_url":1400,"license_code":827,"credit_html":1401,"title":1402,"description":1306,"author":846,"original_width":1029,"original_height":1340},86630,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450440","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10450440\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum-Inesite-Xonotlite-k211b.jpg",{"id":1404,"source_url":1405,"license_code":805,"credit_html":1406,"title":1407,"description":1013,"author":1005,"original_width":1006,"original_height":1007},86790,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=137851695","Onceuponashell, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=137851695\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Gypsum in the Yowah Opal Field.jpg",[1409,1416,1421,1428,1433],{"id":1410,"url":1411,"label":1412,"formula":1413,"spacegroup":1414,"year":1415},5838,"\u002Fcif\u002F5838.cif","Comodi 2008","Ca S O6 H4","C 1 2\u002Fc 1",2008,{"id":1417,"url":1418,"label":1419,"formula":1413,"spacegroup":1414,"year":1420},5846,"\u002Fcif\u002F5846.cif","Boeyens 2002",2002,{"id":1422,"url":1423,"label":1424,"formula":1425,"spacegroup":1426,"year":1427},5847,"\u002Fcif\u002F5847.cif","Knight 1999","Ca S O6 D4","I 1 2\u002Fa 1",1999,{"id":1429,"url":1430,"label":1431,"formula":1425,"spacegroup":1426,"year":1432},5848,"\u002Fcif\u002F5848.cif","Schofield 1996",1996,{"id":1434,"url":1435,"label":1436,"formula":1413,"spacegroup":1426,"year":1437},5851,"\u002Fcif\u002F5851.cif","Pedersen 1982",1982,[1439,1440,1441,1442,1443,1444,1445,1446,1447,1448,1449,1450,1451,1452,1453,1454,1455,1456],"Acido vitriolo saturata","Aljez","Aphroselenon","Atlasgips","Chaux sulfatée","Geso","Gipsrose","Gyps","Gypsit","Gypsite","Gypsum Rose","Lapis Specularis","Marmor fugax","Montmartrite","Oulopholit","Oulopholite","Spectacle-Stone","Sulphate of Lime",[1458,1462,1466,1474,1478,1481,1485,1489,1493,1496,1500,1504,1508,1512,1515,1521,1525,1529,1532,1536,1549,1554,1559,1565,1569,1573,1578,1585,1593,1596,1600,1604,1608,1613,1617,1621,1625,1628,1632,1636,1640,1653,1657,1660,1664,1668,1672,1675,1678,1682,1687,1691,1695,1699,1702,1705,1708,1711,1717,1720,1723,1727,1730,1734,1737,1742,1746,1751,1755,1759,1763,1767,1771,1776,1780,1784,1787,1791,1796,1799,1802,1809,1813,1817,1821,1825,1831,1834,1838,1841,1844,1848,1851,1854,1858,1862,1865],{"lang":1459,"names":1460},"af",[1461],"Gips",{"lang":1463,"names":1464},"an",[1465],"Cheso",{"lang":1467,"names":1468},"ar",[1469,1470,1471,1472,1473],"الجبس","الجص","جبس","جبص","جص",{"lang":1475,"names":1476},"ast",[1477],"yelsu",{"lang":1479,"names":1480},"az",[1461],{"lang":1482,"names":1483},"ba",[1484],"Гипс",{"lang":1486,"names":1487},"be",[1488],"гіпс",{"lang":1490,"names":1491},"be-tarask",[1492],"Гіпс",{"lang":1494,"names":1495},"be-x-old",[1492],{"lang":1497,"names":1498},"bg",[1484,1499],"Калциев сулфат",{"lang":1501,"names":1502},"bjn",[1503],"Gipsum",{"lang":1505,"names":1506},"blk",[1507],"ဂျစ်ပဆမ်",{"lang":1509,"names":1510},"bn",[1511],"জিপসাম",{"lang":1513,"names":1514},"bs",[1461],{"lang":1516,"names":1517},"ca",[1518,1519,1520],"algeps","guix","pedra de guix",{"lang":1522,"names":1523},"ce",[1524],"Гипсум",{"lang":1526,"names":1527},"cs",[1528],"sádrovec",{"lang":1530,"names":1531},"cv",[1484],{"lang":1533,"names":1534},"da",[1535],"gips",{"lang":1537,"names":1538},"de",[1539,1540,1541,1542,1543,1544,1545,1461,1546,1547,1548],"Analin","Atlasspat","Bologneser Kreide","Calciumsulfat-Dihydrat","Estrichgips","Fasergips","Federspat","Gipsspat","Kalziumsulfat-Dihydrat","Leichtspat",{"lang":1550,"names":1551},"el",[1552,1553],"γύψος","Θειικό ασβέστιο",{"lang":1555,"names":1556},"eo",[1557,1558],"Alabastro","gipsoŝtono",{"lang":1560,"names":1561},"es",[1562,1563,1564],"aljez","piedra de yeso","yeso",{"lang":1566,"names":1567},"et",[1568],"kips",{"lang":1570,"names":1571},"eu",[1572],"Igeltsu",{"lang":1574,"names":1575},"fa",[1576,1577],"ژیپس","سنگ گچ",{"lang":1579,"names":1580},"fi",[1581,1582,1583,1584],"E516","kalsiumsulfaatti","kalsiumsulfaattidihydraatti","kipsi",{"lang":1586,"names":1587},"fr",[1588,1441,1589,1590,1591,1452,1592,1454],"10101-41-4","CaSO4,2H2O","gypse","Gypseux","Ordite",{"lang":1594,"names":1595},"frr",[1535],{"lang":1597,"names":1598},"ga",[1599],"gipseam",{"lang":1601,"names":1602},"gl",[1603],"xeso",{"lang":1605,"names":1606},"he",[1607],"גבס",{"lang":1609,"names":1610},"hi",[1611,1612],"जिप्सम","हरसौंठ",{"lang":1614,"names":1615},"hr",[1461,1616],"Sadra",{"lang":1618,"names":1619},"hu",[1620],"gipsz",{"lang":1622,"names":1623},"hy",[1624],"Գիպս",{"lang":1626,"names":1627},"id",[1503],{"lang":1629,"names":1630},"io",[1631],"Gipso",{"lang":1633,"names":1634},"is",[1635],"Gifs",{"lang":1637,"names":1638},"it",[1639],"gesso",{"lang":1641,"names":1642},"ja",[1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652],"せっこう","セレナイト","バサニ石","二水石膏","半水石膏","焼石膏","石こう","石膏","軟石膏","透明石膏",{"lang":1654,"names":1655},"ka",[1656],"თაბაშირი",{"lang":1658,"names":1659},"kk",[1484],{"lang":1661,"names":1662},"kn",[1663],"ಜಿಪ್ಸಂ",{"lang":1665,"names":1666},"ko",[1667],"석고",{"lang":1669,"names":1670},"ku",[1671],"Ceps",{"lang":1673,"names":1674},"ky",[1484],{"lang":1676,"names":1677},"la",[7],{"lang":1679,"names":1680},"lt",[1681],"Gipsas",{"lang":1683,"names":1684},"lv",[1685,1686],"Ģipšakmens","ģipsis",{"lang":1688,"names":1689},"mg",[1690],"Vatosanga",{"lang":1692,"names":1693},"mk",[1694],"гипс",{"lang":1696,"names":1697},"mn",[1484,1698],"Гөлтгөнө",{"lang":1700,"names":1701},"ms",[1503],{"lang":1703,"names":1704},"my",[1507],{"lang":1706,"names":1707},"nb",[1535],{"lang":1709,"names":1710},"nds",[1461],{"lang":1712,"names":1713},"nl",[1714,1715,1581,1535,1716],"Calciumsulfaat","CaSO4.2H2O","Medisch Calciumsulfaat",{"lang":1718,"names":1719},"nn",[1535],{"lang":1721,"names":1722},"no",[1461],{"lang":1724,"names":1725},"oc",[1726],"Gip",{"lang":1728,"names":1729},"os",[1694],{"lang":1731,"names":1732},"pa",[1733],"ਖੜੀਆ ਮਿੱਟੀ",{"lang":1735,"names":1736},"pam",[7],{"lang":1738,"names":1739},"pl",[1535,1740,1741],"gips krystaliczny","gips palony",{"lang":1743,"names":1744},"pnb",[1745],"جپسم",{"lang":1747,"names":1748},"pt",[1749,1750],"gipsita","Gipsite",{"lang":1752,"names":1753},"pt-br",[1754],"Gipsita",{"lang":1756,"names":1757},"qu",[1758],"Quntay",{"lang":1760,"names":1761},"ro",[1762,1535],"ghips",{"lang":1764,"names":1765},"ru",[1694,1766],"Каменный гипс",{"lang":1768,"names":1769},"sah",[1770],"Гиипсэ",{"lang":1772,"names":1773},"scn",[1774,1775],"jìbbisu","jissu",{"lang":1777,"names":1778},"sco",[1779],"gypsum",{"lang":1781,"names":1782},"sd",[1783],"چيرولي",{"lang":1785,"names":1786},"sh",[1535],{"lang":1788,"names":1789},"sk",[7,1790],"Sadrovec",{"lang":1792,"names":1793},"sl",[1794,1795],"mavec","sadra",{"lang":1797,"names":1798},"sq",[1535],{"lang":1800,"names":1801},"sr",[1694],{"lang":1803,"names":1804},"sv",[1805,1806,1535,1807,1808],"CaSO4","E 516","gipsning","kalciumsulfat",{"lang":1810,"names":1811},"sw",[1812],"Jasi",{"lang":1814,"names":1815},"ta",[1816],"ஜிப்சம்",{"lang":1818,"names":1819},"th",[7,1820],"ยิปซัม",{"lang":1822,"names":1823},"tl",[1824],"Dyipsum",{"lang":1826,"names":1827},"tr",[1828,1829,1830],"alçı","Alçı taşı","Alçıtaşı",{"lang":1832,"names":1833},"tt",[1524],{"lang":1835,"names":1836},"ug",[1837],"گىپىس",{"lang":1839,"names":1840},"uk",[1488],{"lang":1842,"names":1843},"uz",[1461],{"lang":1845,"names":1846},"vi",[1847],"Thạch cao",{"lang":1849,"names":1850},"war",[1824],{"lang":1852,"names":1853},"wuu",[1650],{"lang":1855,"names":1856},"yue",[7,1857,1650],"石羔",{"lang":1859,"names":1860},"zh",[1861,1650],"生石膏",{"lang":1863,"names":1864},"zh-hans",[1650],{"lang":1866,"names":1867},"zh-yue",[1650],"Q82658",{"history":1870,"applications":1874},{"markdown":1871,"model_version":1872,"prompt_version":1873,"reviewed_at":11},"The name **gypsum** comes from the Greek *gypsos*, meaning \"plaster\" — and people were calling it that long before anyone called it a mineral. The Greek philosopher Theophrastus used the word in his treatise *On Stones* around 300–325 BCE[1]. By that point the substance had already been worked for thousands of years.\n\nIn ancient Egypt, builders burned raw gypsum in open fires, ground it to powder, and mixed it with water. The result was a workable paste used as mortar between the limestone blocks of the pyramids[2]. The basic chemistry has not changed since: heat drives off the water bound inside the crystal, and adding water back sets the powder hard.\n\nThe same mineral acquired an Old English name from a different feature. Anglo-Saxons called it *spærstān* — \"spear stone\" — for the long needle-like crystals it sometimes grows in[3].\n\nA finer-grained, lightly tinted form of gypsum carried its own name and its own trade: **alabaster**. Soft enough to carve with a knife but compact enough to hold polish, it was the sculptor's stone before steel chisels made marble tractable. Ancient Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Roman, and Byzantine workshops all worked it. In medieval England, the Nottingham alabasters became a religious-statuary export across Europe[4]. During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, alabaster was often preferred even to marble[5].\n\nThe most familiar modern name was earned by geography. The hill of Montmartre, on the northern edge of Paris, sits on one of the richest gypsum deposits in Europe. Its quarries have long supplied burnt gypsum — calcined, meaning heated to drive off its water. The powder traded out of Paris became known across the continent as **plaster of Paris**[6][7].\n\nIn the mid-18th century, the German clergyman and agriculturalist **Johann Friderich Mayer** investigated and publicized gypsum's value as a fertilizer[8]. His work helped move the mineral from the mason's shed to the farmer's field.","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":1875,"model_version":1872,"prompt_version":1873,"reviewed_at":11},"A typical new American home contains more than 7 metric tons of gypsum[1]. Almost all of it arrives as **plasterboard** — the paper-faced gypsum panels that line interior walls and ceilings under the trade names drywall, sheetrock, or wallboard[2]. The construction industry is what makes gypsum a major mined commodity rather than a curiosity. Roughly three-quarters of all crude gypsum is **calcined** — heated to drive off most of its water — before being used as plaster or board[3].\n\nThe second large demand sits inside **Portland cement**. A small amount of gypsum is added to the cement clinker as a **retarder**: it slows the otherwise near-instant \"flash setting\" reaction[4][5]. That extra working time is what lets fresh concrete be poured, finished, and shaped at scale.\n\nA third domain is **agriculture**. Gypsum delivers two secondary plant macronutrients — calcium and sulfur — and, unlike lime, it does not raise soil pH[6]. That neutrality makes it useful on land where alkalinity must stay flat. It is spread on large tracts of farmland and on heavy clay soils, where it also helps break up compaction[7].\n\nSmaller but distinctive uses fill out the picture. Crude gypsum serves as a **fluxing agent** in some smelting and ceramic processes, and as a **filler in paper and textiles**[3]. Food-grade calcium sulfate is the standard coagulant for **tofu**, the soybean curd. That makes industrial gypsum an indirect source of dietary calcium across East Asia[8]. The fine-grained variety **alabaster** is still carved and polished for ornamental work. The same calcination chemistry sets the orthopedic plaster casts used to stabilize broken bones[9].\n\nMining is geographically wide but concentrated. China dominates output; Iran ranks second among national producers, with significant tonnages also coming from Thailand, Spain — the main European producer — and the United States[10]. The deposits themselves form by evaporation of ancient sea and lake water, and they tend to be enormous. The Fort Dodge field in Iowa sits on one of the world's largest. The **Naica Mine** in Chihuahua, Mexico, has yielded gypsum crystals up to 11 metres long[11]."]