[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1815":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":23,"key_elements":24,"impurities":11,"cim":25,"ima_status":26,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":29,"discovery_year":30,"strunz10ed1":31,"strunz10ed2":32,"strunz10ed3":33,"strunz10ed4":34,"dana8ed1":35,"dana8ed2":36,"dana8ed3":37,"dana8ed4":37,"csystem":38,"cclass":39,"spacegroup":40,"spacegroupset":41,"a":42,"b":41,"c":43,"alpha":41,"beta":41,"gamma":41,"aerror":44,"berror":11,"cerror":45,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":46,"z":47,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":48,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":49,"tlform":50,"hmin":44,"hmax":51,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":41,"vhnmax":41,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":52,"dmeas2":52,"dcalc":53,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":54,"lustretype":55,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":56,"streak":57,"colour":58,"commentcolor":11,"colors":59,"streak_colors":65,"luminescence":11,"uv":66,"cleavage":67,"cleavagetype":68,"fracturetype":69,"tenacity":70,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":71,"opticalsign":72,"opticalalpha":41,"opticalalpha2":41,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":41,"opticalbeta2":41,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":41,"opticalgamma2":41,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":73,"opticalomega2":41,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":74,"opticalepsilon2":41,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":41,"opticaln2":41,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":41,"optical2vcalc2":41,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":41,"optical2vmeasured2":41,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":75,"rimax":76,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":77,"industrial":11,"occurrence":78,"otheroccurrence":79,"type_specimen_store":80,"description_short":11,"aboutname":81,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":82,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":83,"group_members":84,"associates":85,"confused_with":96,"type_localities":97,"occurrence_total":104,"citations":105,"images":178,"structures":293,"synonyms":305,"language_names":306,"wikidata_qid":361,"texts":362},1815,"1:1:1815:5","0c92f319-8d89-4dd2-a029-c0d54ed1c399","Hanksite","Hks",0,"mineral",null,1237,false,"Na\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>K(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl","KNa\u003Csub>22\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl",[17,18,19,20,21,22],"Cl","Na","O","C","K","S",[17,18,19,20,21,22],[17],"12.2.2",[27,28],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED",1885,"1883","7","B","D","30","32","3","1","Hexagonal",16,108,"0","10.4896","21.2415",3,6,2024.11,2,"Cell parameters from Callegari et al (2018)","Large, short prismatic [0001] to tabular {0001} crystals to 20 cm; also as quartzoids with large \u003Cmi>{10_12}\u003C\u002Fmi>; \u003Cmi>{10_10}\u003C\u002Fmi> striated horizontally; crystals frequently in interpenetrating groups.","Barrel shaped crystals. Roughly spherical aggregates composed of randomly oriented, interpenetrating tabular crystals.",3.5,"2.562","2.585","Vitreous","Vitreous,Dull","Transparent,Translucent","White","Colourless to grey, yellow or almost black; colourless in transmitted light",[60,61,62,63,64],"colorless","gray","yellow","black","white",[64],"Pale yellow under LW UV.","Good on {0001}","Distinct\u002FGood","Irregular\u002FUneven","brittle","Uniaxial","-","1.481","1.461",1.461,1.481,"Readily soluble in water. Saline taste.","Lacustrine evaporite deposit.","Lacustrine evaporite deposits.","Natural History Museum, Paris, France, 87.281.\r\nNatural History Museum, Vienna, Austria, E4854\u002F8.\r\nNational Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 81217.","Named by William Earl Hidden in 1885 in honor of Henry Garber Hanks (12 May 1826, Cleveland, Ohio, USA - 19 June 1907, Alameda County, California, USA) for service as first state mineralogist of California.\r\n\r\nThe mineral was on display, by Hanks, at the 1884 World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition at New Orleans, labelled as thenardite but noted by Hidden to be something different.\r\n\r\nA crystal of the mineral was examined by Dana and Penfield in 1883, but the source locality was unknown so they waited to publish until more was found.","2025-08-11 12:14:20",[],[],[86],{"id":87,"name":88,"entrytype":9,"csystem":89,"ima_formula":90,"mindat_formula":91,"hmin":47,"hmax":92,"dmeas":93,"dcalc":94,"primary_image_id":95},722,"Borax","Monoclinic","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>B\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(B\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",2.5,"1.715","1.7",3632,[],[98],{"id":99,"txt":100,"latitude":101,"longitude":102,"country":103},3551,"Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California, USA",35.7383333,-117.3738889,"USA",12,[106,109,112,115,119,123,127,131,135,139,143,146,150,155,159,163,168,173],{"id":107,"year":11,"html":108,"doi":11},16111401,"Comptes rendu de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 123: 1325.",{"id":110,"year":29,"html":111,"doi":11},16111399,"Dana, E.S., Penfield, S.L. (1885) Mineralogical Notes: A large crystal of hanksite. American Journal of Science: 30: 136.",{"id":113,"year":29,"html":114,"doi":11},16111413,"Hidden, W.E. (1885) On hanksite, a new anhydrous sulphato-carbonate of sodium, from San Bernardino County, California. \u003Ci>American Journal Of Science\u003C\u002Fi>,  S. 3 Vol. 30. 133-135 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FAJS130_133.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":116,"year":117,"html":118,"doi":11},16111400,1889,"Hanks, H.G. (1889) On the occurrence of hanksite in California. American Journal of Science: 137: 63-66.",{"id":120,"year":121,"html":122,"doi":11},16110144,1896,"Pratt, J.H. (1896) On northupite; pirssonite, a new mineral; Gaylussite and hanksite from Borax Lake, San Bernardino County, California. American Journal of Science, 4th. series: 2: 123-135; …Zeitschr. Kristallographie, Band 27: 416-429 (1896); …(abstract): Neues Jahrb., Band 2: 451-455 (1897).",{"id":124,"year":125,"html":126,"doi":11},4468626,1918,"(1918) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 4 - Text - Band IV - Fergusonit-Ixionolith. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":128,"year":129,"html":130,"doi":11},16111403,1931,"Koch, J. (1931) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 80: 416.",{"id":132,"year":129,"html":133,"doi":134},104539,"Goßner, B.; Koch, I. (1931) Über das Kristallgitter von Langbeinit, Northupit und Hanksit. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  80 (1-6). 455-464 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1931.80.1.455'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1931.80.1.455\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1931.80.1.455",{"id":136,"year":137,"html":138,"doi":11},520853,1939,"Ramsdell, Lewis S. (1939) Composition, space group and unit cell of hanksite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  24 (2) 109-115 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM24\u002FAM24_109.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":140,"year":141,"html":142,"doi":11},524455,1951,"Murdoch, Joseph (1951) Notes on California Minerals: nuevite=samarskite; trona and hanksite; gaylussite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  36 (3-4) 358-361 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM36\u002FAM36_358.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":144,"year":141,"html":145,"doi":11},1118652,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":147,"year":148,"html":149,"doi":11},16111408,1962,"Carnahan, V. (1962) Hanksite. Mineralogist: 30: 4-9.",{"id":151,"year":152,"html":153,"doi":154},215638,1972,"Kato, K., Saalfeld, H. (1972) The crystal structure of hanksite, KNa22[Cl(Co3)2(SO4)9] and its relation to the K2SO4I structure type. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  28 (12) 3614-3617 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0567740872008441'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0567740872008441\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0567740872008441",{"id":156,"year":157,"html":158,"doi":11},526116,1973,"Araki, Takaharu, Zoltai, and Tibor (1973) The crystal structure of hanksite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  58 (7-8) 799-801 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM58\u002FAM58_799.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":160,"year":161,"html":162,"doi":11},16964735,2005,"(2005) Hanksite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fhanksite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":164,"year":165,"html":166,"doi":167},395626,2007,"Lane, M. D. (2007) Mid-infrared emission spectroscopy of sulfate and sulfate-bearing minerals. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  92 (1) 1-18 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2007.2170'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2007.2170\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol92\u002FAM92_1.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2007.2170",{"id":169,"year":170,"html":171,"doi":172},397310,2013,"Palaich, S. E. M., Manning, C. E., Schauble, E., Kavner, A. (2013) Spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction investigation of the behavior of hanksite and tychite at high pressures, and a model for the compressibility of sulfate minerals. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  98 (8) 1543-1549 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2013.4384'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2013.4384\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2013.4384",{"id":174,"year":175,"html":176,"doi":177},149298,2018,"Callegari, Athos Maria, Boiocchi, Massimo, Zema, Michele, Tarantino, Serena Chiara (2018) The crystal structure of hanksite, Na22 K(CO3)2 (SO4)9 Cl, refined from high-resolution X-ray diffraction data. \u003Ci>Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  195 (2) 115-122 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fnjma\u002F2018\u002F0113'>doi:10.1127\u002Fnjma\u002F2018\u002F0113\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fnjma\u002F2018\u002F0113",[179,189,198,208,216,224,232,239,246,252,261,271,279,285],{"id":180,"source_url":181,"license_code":182,"credit_html":183,"title":184,"description":185,"author":186,"original_width":187,"original_height":188},10830,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5991603","CC BY-SA 3.0","Alisha 1979, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5991603\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hanksite Crystal.jpg","About a 2 inch \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHanksite\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Hanksite\">Hanksite\u003C\u002Fa> crystal, collected from Searles Lake near Trona, California during the annual Gem-O-Rama.  Contains an inclusion of clay.","Alisha 1979",1793,1192,{"id":190,"source_url":191,"license_code":182,"credit_html":192,"title":193,"description":194,"author":195,"original_width":196,"original_height":197},10831,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10121536","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10121536\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hanksite-23142.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHanksite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hanksite\">Hanksite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSearles_Lake\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Searles Lake\">Searles Lake\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Bernardino_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Bernardino County, California\">San Bernardino County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3551.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Hanksite is a rare anhydrous chloro-carbonate of potassium and sodium first described in 1885. It is very unusual in that it consists of both sulfate and carbonate ion groups, which has led to some confusion about which group to place it in. At any rate, it forms nice crystals in evaporite deposits. This one is from the type locality at Searles Lake, and it is just superb in every way: doubly-terminated, with two fine, flat terminations; perfect hexagonal form; nice translucency; and, really impressive size. If you don’t have one, here’s a really fine one! 8.5 x 5.5 x 5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",400,367,{"id":199,"source_url":200,"license_code":201,"credit_html":202,"title":203,"description":204,"author":205,"original_width":206,"original_height":207},58085,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5825739","CC BY 2.0","Alisha Vargas from Reno, NV, US, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5825739\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hanksite crystal step from Searles Dry Lake, California.jpg","\u003Cp>Cleaned Hanksite crystal collected from the mud pile field trip on Searles Dry Lake during Gem-O-Rama at Trona, California.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>If you're interested in going to Gem-O-Rama, check out my article on how to do it for more information: \n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ehow.com\u002Fhow_4551987_do-gemorama-trona-california.html\">How to do Gem-O-Rama\u003C\u002Fa>","Alisha Vargas from Reno, NV, US",1024,768,{"id":209,"source_url":210,"license_code":182,"credit_html":211,"title":212,"description":213,"author":195,"original_width":214,"original_height":215},10832,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10122402","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10122402\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hanksite-27109.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHanksite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hanksite\">Hanksite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSearles_Lake\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Searles Lake\">Searles Lake\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Bernardino_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Bernardino County, California\">San Bernardino County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3551.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine example of an evaporite mineral that is uncommon on the market, dug with great labor from the clay of ancient lake beds. This is a perfect, doubly-terminated hexagonal crystal, attached to two smaller, ALSO doubly-terminated crystals. In the light, the large crystal is actually quite transparent! 5.9 x 5.1 x 4.0 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",612,720,{"id":217,"source_url":218,"license_code":182,"credit_html":219,"title":220,"description":221,"author":195,"original_width":222,"original_height":223},10833,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10131934","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10131934\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hanksite-44132.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHanksite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hanksite\">Hanksite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSearles_Lake\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Searles Lake\">Searles Lake\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Bernardino_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Bernardino County, California\">San Bernardino County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3551.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A superb specimen of fine crystals of a very strange California mineral. (From Amethyst Galleries): \"Hanksite is an unusual mineral mostly because of its formula. It is one of only a handful of minerals that contain both carbonate and sulfate ion groups. This brings up the question: to what mineral class does it belong? Some mineral references place it in the carbonates while others put it in with the sulfates. Hanksite forms very nice crystals in evaporite deposits. These evaporite deposits occur in arid environments. Water, carrying dissolved minerals, floods into a dry lake beds and then just sits. The arid conditions evaporate the water and concentrate the ions. When the water is almost gone, crystals start to form. The mineral halite (salt) is one of the first minerals to crystallize. As the water becomes even more concentrated, eventually rare and unusual minerals such as borax or hanksite will crystallize too.\" The crystals here are doubly-terminated, translucent-to-transparent, and measure up to 6 cm. 9.6 x 7.5 x 6.1cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,586,{"id":225,"source_url":226,"license_code":182,"credit_html":227,"title":228,"description":229,"author":195,"original_width":230,"original_height":231},10834,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10132321","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10132321\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hanksite-44449.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHanksite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hanksite\">Hanksite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSearles_Lake\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Searles Lake\">Searles Lake\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Bernardino_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Bernardino County, California\">San Bernardino County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3551.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is an enormous, beautifully-formed crystal of translucent hanksite from the type locality in California. From Mineral Galleries: \"Hanksite is an unusual mineral mostly because of its formula. It is one of only a handful of minerals that contain both carbonate and sulfate ion groups. This brings up the question: to what mineral class does it belong? Some mineral references place it in the carbonates while others put it in with the sulfates. We have placed it in the sulfate class simply because there are more sulfate groups in its structure than carbonate groups. Hanksite forms very nice crystals in evaporite deposits. These evaporite deposits occur in arid environments. Water, carrying dissolved minerals, floods into a dry lake beds and then just sits. The arid conditions evaporate the water and concentrate the ions. When the water is almost gone, crystals start to form. The mineral halite (salt) is one of the first minerals to crystallize. As the water becomes even more concentrated, eventually rare and unusual minerals such as borax or hanksite will crystallize too.\" The display side of this giant crystal shows unbelievably good symmetrical form for a crystal this size. The crystal is complete all the way around, with no damage! NOTE: must be kept out of humidity, or in a sealed box, or coated lightly with shellac or mineral oil. 11.1 x 10.2 x 7.3cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",743,750,{"id":233,"source_url":234,"license_code":182,"credit_html":235,"title":236,"description":237,"author":195,"original_width":238,"original_height":222},10835,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10152663","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10152663\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hanksite-180024.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHanksite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hanksite\">Hanksite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSearles_Lake\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Searles Lake\">Searles Lake\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Bernardino_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Bernardino County, California\">San Bernardino County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3551.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.8 x 2.2 x 2.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An unusual crystal form, elongated stark hexagonal crystal, for the species. This specimen is partially dehydrated. Ex. Martin Zinn Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",374,{"id":240,"source_url":241,"license_code":182,"credit_html":242,"title":243,"description":244,"author":195,"original_width":245,"original_height":222},58086,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124157","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124157\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hanksite-32367.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHanksite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hanksite\">Hanksite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSearles_Lake\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Searles Lake\">Searles Lake\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Bernardino_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Bernardino County, California\">San Bernardino County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3551.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A HUGE, perfect, doubly-terminated crystal of the rare evaporite mineral hanksite, found in the clay that formed the floor of an ancient seabed, in California. The crystal is translucent, complete all around, and just superb for what it is. How many of these have you seen around? 8.4 x 4.7 x 4.5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",450,{"id":247,"source_url":248,"license_code":182,"credit_html":249,"title":250,"description":251,"author":195,"original_width":238,"original_height":222},10836,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453346","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10453346\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hanksite-mrz203a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHanksite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hanksite\">Hanksite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSearles_Lake\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Searles Lake\">Searles Lake\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Bernardino_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Bernardino County, California\">San Bernardino County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3551.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.8 x 2.2 x 2.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Hanksite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>An unusual crystal form, elongated stark hexagonal crystal, for the species. This specimen is partially dehydrated and must be coated with oil and kept in a dry environment to preserve it, but for the XL habit it is worth doing so.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":253,"source_url":254,"license_code":182,"credit_html":255,"title":256,"description":257,"author":258,"original_width":259,"original_height":260},10837,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14711561","Matt Affolter(QFL247) (talk) (Transferred by Citypeek\u002FOriginal uploaded by Matt Affolter(QFL247)), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14711561\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hanksite.JPG","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHanksite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hanksite\">Hanksite\u003C\u002Fa> crystal from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSearles_Lake\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Searles Lake\">Searles Lake\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>. Pen in background for scale.","Matt Affolter(QFL247) (talk) (Transferred by Citypeek\u002FOriginal uploaded by Matt Affolter(QFL247))",3648,2432,{"id":262,"source_url":263,"license_code":264,"credit_html":265,"title":266,"description":267,"author":268,"original_width":269,"original_height":270},4165,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163477915","CC0 1.0","Darla Sondrol, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163477915\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hanksite (GeoDIL number - 589).jpg","Hanksite is one of the few minerals that belong to both the carbonate and sulfate classes. It has formula Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl. Hanksite is an evaporite mineral and often forms large geometric crystals. Associated minerals include halite, trona, borax and tincalconite. The Searles Lake playa deposits contain many other evaporite minerals too, including aphthitalite, burkeite, galeite, gaylussite, mirabilite, nahcolite, northupite, pirssonite, schairerite, searlesite, sulphohalite, teepleite, thenardite, and tychite. Hanksite often forms large crystals; this sample is about 18 cm across.","Darla Sondrol",3040,2016,{"id":272,"source_url":273,"license_code":264,"credit_html":274,"title":275,"description":276,"author":268,"original_width":277,"original_height":278},4168,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163478130","Darla Sondrol, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163478130\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hanksite (GeoDIL number - 606).jpg","Hanksite is one of the few minerals that belong to both the carbonate and sulfate classes. It has formula Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl. Hanksite is an evaporite mineral and often forms large geometric crystals. Associated minerals include halite, trona, borax and tincalconite. The Searles Lake playa deposits contain many other evaporite minerals too, including aphthitalite, burkeite, galeite, gaylussite, mirabilite, nahcolite, northupite, pirssonite, schairerite, searlesite, sulphohalite, teepleite, thenardite, and tychite.",1792,1633,{"id":280,"source_url":281,"license_code":264,"credit_html":282,"title":283,"description":284,"author":268,"original_width":269,"original_height":270},83042,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163478044","Darla Sondrol, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163478044\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hanksite (GeoDIL number - 599).jpg","Hanksite is one of the few minerals that belong to both the carbonate and sulfate classes. It has formula Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl. Hanksite is an evaporite mineral and often forms large geometrical crystals. Associated minerals typically include halite, trona, borax and tincalconite. This crystal is 6 cm long.",{"id":286,"source_url":287,"license_code":182,"credit_html":288,"title":289,"description":290,"author":195,"original_width":291,"original_height":292},24233,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154564","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10154564\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tincalconite-Hanksite-187665.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTincalconite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tincalconite\">Tincalconite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHanksite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hanksite\">Hanksite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSearles_Lake\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Searles Lake\">Searles Lake\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSan_Bernardino_County,_California\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:San Bernardino County, California\">San Bernardino County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalifornia\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:California\">California\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3551.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.0 x 6.0 x 5.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A superb combination specimen of rare species from Searles Lake, California and the Jim Minette Collection. A pristine, doubly terminated, sharply hexagonal, translucent hanksite crystal is aesthetically capped by snow-white tincalconite pseudomorphing a very blocky borax crystal. Hanksite is a rare sulfate and tincalconite is a rare borate. Searles Lake is the Type Locality for both species.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",550,455,[294,300],{"id":295,"url":296,"label":297,"formula":298,"spacegroup":299,"year":157},5894,"\u002Fcif\u002F5894.cif","Araki 1973","K Na22 C2 S9 O42 Cl","P 63\u002Fm",{"id":301,"url":302,"label":303,"formula":304,"spacegroup":299,"year":152},5895,"\u002Fcif\u002F5895.cif","Kato 1972","K Na22 Cl C2 S9 O42",[],[307,311,315,319,322,326,330,333,337,341,345,349,352,356],{"lang":308,"names":309},"ca",[310],"hanksita",{"lang":312,"names":313},"de",[314],"Hanksit",{"lang":316,"names":317},"es",[318],"Hanksita",{"lang":320,"names":321},"eu",[318],{"lang":323,"names":324},"fa",[325],"هنکسیت",{"lang":327,"names":328},"fr",[329],"hanksite",{"lang":331,"names":332},"it",[7],{"lang":334,"names":335},"ja",[336],"ハンクス石",{"lang":338,"names":339},"mk",[340],"ханксит",{"lang":342,"names":343},"nl",[344],"hanksiet",{"lang":346,"names":347},"pl",[348],"Hanksyt",{"lang":350,"names":351},"sl",[314],{"lang":353,"names":354},"uk",[355],"Ганксит",{"lang":357,"names":358},"zh",[359,360],"碳酸芒硝","碳钾钠矾","Q1065515",{"history":11,"applications":11}]