[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1955":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":22,"impurities":23,"cim":24,"ima_status":25,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":28,"discovery_year":29,"strunz10ed1":30,"strunz10ed2":31,"strunz10ed3":32,"strunz10ed4":33,"dana8ed1":34,"dana8ed2":35,"dana8ed3":36,"dana8ed4":37,"csystem":38,"cclass":39,"spacegroup":11,"spacegroupset":40,"a":41,"b":42,"c":43,"alpha":40,"beta":44,"gamma":40,"aerror":45,"berror":45,"cerror":45,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":46,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":47,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":48,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":11,"tlform":49,"hmin":39,"hmax":39,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":50,"vhnmax":40,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":51,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":52,"dmeas2":52,"dcalc":53,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":11,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":54,"streak":11,"colour":55,"commentcolor":11,"colors":56,"streak_colors":11,"luminescence":11,"uv":60,"cleavage":61,"cleavagetype":62,"fracturetype":63,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":64,"opticalsign":65,"opticalalpha":66,"opticalalpha2":40,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":67,"opticalbeta2":40,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":68,"opticalgamma2":40,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":40,"opticalomega2":40,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":40,"opticalepsilon2":40,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":40,"opticaln2":40,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":40,"optical2vcalc2":40,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":69,"optical2vmeasured2":40,"optical2vmeasurederror":70,"rimin":71,"rimax":72,"opticaldispersion":73,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":74,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":75,"aboutname":76,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":77,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":78,"group_members":86,"associates":109,"confused_with":111,"type_localities":119,"occurrence_total":126,"citations":127,"images":176,"structures":187,"synonyms":194,"language_names":195,"wikidata_qid":239,"texts":240},1955,"1:1:1955:8","700de553-f3c6-4e39-88f4-27acb160915b","Huttonite","Ht",0,"mineral",null,29313,122,false,"ThSiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","Th(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",[18,19,20],"Si","Th","O",[18,19,20],[19],",U,TR,Fe,Mn,Ca,F,OH,,","14.11.2",[26,27],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED",1951,"1950","9","A","D","35","51","5","3","1","Monoclinic",5,"0","6.80","6.96","6.54","104.92",3,16,4,"Space Group: P21\u002Fn : rarely metamict.","anhedral grains","318",150,"7.1","7.18","Transparent,Translucent","Colourless to very pale cream, pale greenish",[57,58,59],"colorless","white","green","Fluoresces dull white with a pink tinge under SW UV","{001}","Distinct\u002FGood","Conchoidal","Biaxial","+","1.898","1.900","1.922","25",1,1.898,1.922,"r > v extreme","Heavy mineral beach detrital sands","Appears to be the high-temperature modification of ThSiO4 (synthetic crystals form at 1225 +\u002F- 10°C whereas thorite forms below this temperature; Finch et al. 1964). The phase transformation thorite -> huttonite is contrary  to expectation, because the...","Named in 1951 by Adolph Pabst in honor of Colin Osborne Hutton [January 10, 1910 Dunedin, New Zealand - December 1, 1971 Stanford, California, USA], geologist with the New Zealand Geological Survey, professor of Mineralogy at the University of Otago, and later professor of mineralogy at Stanford University. Hutton established many of the principles of using heavy detrital minerals in geochemical exploration. Hutton's research, along with that of Frank J. Turner, established the textural basis for classifying schists that is widely used by geologists. Hutton named hydrogrossular.","2026-03-25 16:31:11",[79],{"id":80,"name":81,"entrytype":82,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":83,"hmin":39,"hmax":84,"dmeas":85,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},35958,"Cerphosphorhuttonite",2,"(Ce,LREE)Th[PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",5.5,"5.06",[87,93,101],{"id":88,"name":89,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":90,"mindat_formula":90,"hmin":39,"hmax":39,"dmeas":91,"dcalc":92,"primary_image_id":11},6865,"Cheralite","CaTh(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.72","5.26",{"id":94,"name":95,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":96,"mindat_formula":97,"hmin":98,"hmax":45,"dmeas":99,"dcalc":99,"primary_image_id":100},1157,"Crocoite","Pb(CrO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","PbCr\u003Csup>6+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",2.5,"5.97",6456,{"id":102,"name":103,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":104,"mindat_formula":104,"hmin":47,"hmax":105,"dmeas":106,"dcalc":107,"primary_image_id":108},3444,"Rooseveltite","Bi(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",4.5,"6.86","7.21",3343,[110],{"id":88,"name":89,"entrytype":9,"csystem":38,"ima_formula":90,"mindat_formula":90,"hmin":39,"hmax":39,"dmeas":91,"dcalc":92,"primary_image_id":11},[112],{"id":113,"name":114,"entrytype":9,"csystem":115,"ima_formula":16,"mindat_formula":16,"hmin":105,"hmax":105,"dmeas":116,"dcalc":117,"primary_image_id":118},3946,"Thorite","Tetragonal","6.70","4.40",24127,[120],{"id":121,"txt":122,"latitude":123,"longitude":124,"country":125},25972,"Gillespie's Beach, Westland District, West Coast Region, New Zealand",-43.4080266,169.8287649,"New Zealand",43,[128,131,135,139,144,149,153,158,162,166,171],{"id":129,"year":28,"html":130,"doi":11},522086,"Pabst, Adolf, Hutton, C. O. (1951) Huttonite, a new monoclinic thorium silicate, with an account of its occurrence, analysis, and properties. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  36 (1-2) 60-65 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM36\u002FAM36_60.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":132,"year":133,"html":134,"doi":11},522232,1952,"Fleischer, M. (1952) New mineral names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  37 (3-4). 359-362 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM37\u002FAM37_359.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":136,"year":137,"html":138,"doi":11},524074,1964,"Finch, C. B.; Harris, L. A.; Clark, G. W. (1964) The thorite->huttonite phase transformation as determined by growth of synthetic thorite and huttonite single crystals. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  49 (5-6). 782-785 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM49\u002FAM49_782.pdf?reftype=.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":140,"year":141,"html":142,"doi":143},205699,1978,"Taylor, M., Ewing, R. C. (1978) The crystal structures of the ThSiO4 polymorphs: huttonite and thorite. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  34 (4) 1074-1079 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0567740878004951'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0567740878004951\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0567740878004951",{"id":145,"year":146,"html":147,"doi":148},3193,1980,"Kucha, Henryk (1980) Continuity in the monazite-huttonite series. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  43 (332) 1031-1034 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1980.043.332.12'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1980.043.332.12\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_43\u002F43-332-1031.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1980.043.332.12",{"id":150,"year":151,"html":152,"doi":11},16112308,1995,"Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh & Nichols (1995), Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. II: 352.",{"id":154,"year":155,"html":156,"doi":157},92,1996,"Della Ventura, Giancarlo, Mottana, Annibale, Parodi, Gian Carlo, Raudsepp, Mati, Bellatreccia, Fabio, Caprilli, Enrico, Rossi, Paolo, Fiori, Salvatore (1996) Monazite-huttonite solid-solutions from the Vico Volcanic Complex, Latium, Italy. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  60 (402) 751-758 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1996.060.402.04'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1996.060.402.04\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_60\u002F60-402-751.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1996.060.402.04",{"id":159,"year":160,"html":161,"doi":11},16112310,2000,"Förster, H.J., Harlov, D.E., Milke, R. (2000) Composition and Th — U — total Pb ages of huttonite and thorite from Gillespie's Beach, South Island, New Zealand. The Canadian Mineralogist: 38: 675-684.",{"id":163,"year":164,"html":165,"doi":11},16964920,2001,"(2001) Huttonite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fhuttonite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":167,"year":168,"html":169,"doi":170},153286,2006,"Shein, Igor R., Shein, Konstantin I., Ivanovskii, Alexander L. (2006) Thorite versus huttonite: stability, electronic properties and X-ray emission spectra from first-principle calculations. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  33 (8) 545-552 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-006-0100-3'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-006-0100-3\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-006-0100-3",{"id":172,"year":173,"html":174,"doi":175},64405,2007,"Linthout, K. (2007) Tripartite division of the system 2REEPO4 – CaTh(PO4)2– 2ThSiO4, discreditation of brabantite, and recognition of cheralite as the name for members dominated by CaTh(PO4)2. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  45 (3). 503-508 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.45.3.503'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.45.3.503\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.45.3.503",[177],{"id":178,"source_url":179,"license_code":180,"credit_html":181,"title":182,"description":183,"author":184,"original_width":185,"original_height":186},11786,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=135457199","CC BY-SA 3.0","Fred Kruijen, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=135457199\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Huttonite-1255605.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHuttonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Huttonite\">Huttonite\u003C\u002Fa> (Field of view: 3.0 mm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Laacher See Volcanic Complex, Volcanic Eifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: Huttonite crystal from the Laacher See volcanic complex. Collection: Karl Leu. Photo: Fred Kruijen\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Fred Kruijen",1265,947,[188],{"id":189,"url":190,"label":191,"formula":192,"spacegroup":193,"year":141},6345,"\u002Fcif\u002F6345.cif","Taylor 1978","Th Si O4","P 1 21\u002Fn 1",[],[196,200,204,208,211,215,218,222,226,230,235],{"lang":197,"names":198},"ca",[199],"‎huttonita",{"lang":201,"names":202},"de",[203],"Huttonit",{"lang":205,"names":206},"es",[207],"Huttonita",{"lang":209,"names":210},"eu",[207],{"lang":212,"names":213},"hy",[214],"Թորիտ",{"lang":216,"names":217},"it",[7],{"lang":219,"names":220},"mk",[221],"Хатонит",{"lang":223,"names":224},"nl",[225],"Huttoniet",{"lang":227,"names":228},"ro",[229],"huttonit",{"lang":231,"names":232},"uk",[233,234],"Гатоніт","Гаттоніт",{"lang":236,"names":237},"zh",[238],"斜钍石","Q414620",{"history":11,"applications":11}]