[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1992":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":22,"key_elements":11,"impurities":11,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":28,"dana8ed3":33,"dana8ed4":34,"csystem":35,"cclass":36,"spacegroup":37,"spacegroupset":38,"a":39,"b":40,"c":41,"alpha":40,"beta":40,"gamma":40,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":42,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":43,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":44,"tlform":45,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"hardtype":47,"vhnmin":40,"vhnmax":40,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":48,"dmeas2":49,"dcalc":50,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":51,"lustre":52,"lustretype":53,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":54,"streak":55,"colour":56,"commentcolor":57,"colors":58,"streak_colors":66,"luminescence":11,"uv":67,"cleavage":68,"cleavagetype":69,"fracturetype":70,"tenacity":71,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":72,"opticalsign":73,"opticalalpha":40,"opticalalpha2":40,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":40,"opticalbeta2":40,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":40,"opticalgamma2":40,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":74,"opticalomega2":40,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":75,"opticalepsilon2":40,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":40,"opticaln2":40,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":40,"optical2vcalc2":40,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":40,"optical2vmeasured2":40,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":76,"rimax":77,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":78,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":79,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":80,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":81,"industrial":82,"occurrence":83,"otheroccurrence":84,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":85,"aboutname":86,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":87,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":88,"group_members":92,"associates":186,"confused_with":272,"type_localities":273,"occurrence_total":274,"citations":275,"images":460,"structures":534,"synonyms":562,"language_names":569,"wikidata_qid":757,"texts":758},1992,"1:1:1992:3","d46a3419-351e-4537-94b0-7345a2ca28aa","Hydroxylapatite","Hap",0,"mineral",null,32275,4496,false,"Ca\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","Ca\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH",[18,19,20,21],"Ca","O","P","H",[18,19,20,21],"19.4.2",[25,26],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1856","8","B","N","05","41","1","3","Hexagonal",16,108,"P63\u002Fm","9.41","0","6.88",2,"Rare contact twins on \u003Cmi>{11_21}\u003C\u002Fmi>. Twin plane \u003Cm>{10_13}\u003C\u002Fmi> rare. Also twinning reported on \u003Cmi>{10_10}\u003C\u002Fmi> and \u003Cmi>{11_23}.","Crystals short to long hexagonal prisms [0001], with \u003Cmi>{10_10}\u003C\u002Fmi> and \u003Cmi>{10_11}\u003C\u002Fmi> dominant; also thick tabular {0001}, frequently in the crystals of hydrothermal origin in pegmatites and veins, with \u003Cmi>{10_10}\u003C\u002Fmi>, relatively large {0001}, and often also \u003Cmi>{10_11}\u003C\u002Fmi> or low pyramids. Very sharp crystals are uncommon and terminations are frequently rounded. Massive, coarse granular to compact.","Concretions resembling chalcedony.",5,3,"3.10","3.21","3.16","Density may be lower when earthy in texture.","Vitreous","Sub-Vitreous,Resinous,Waxy,Greasy,Earthy","Transparent,Translucent,Opaque","White","White, grey, yellow, green, violet, purple, red or brown","Ideally white; other colors usually due to staining",[59,60,61,62,63,64,65],"white","gray","yellow","green","purple","red","brown",[59],"Not usually fluorescent.","Poor on {0001) and on {10\u003Cmi>1\u003C\u002Fmi>0}","Poor\u002FIndistinct","Conchoidal,Sub-Conchoidal,Fibrous","brittle","Uniaxial","-","1.651","1.644",1.644,1.651,"Non-pleochroic","0.007","Parallel","Soluble in HCl or in HNO3. Varieties containing CO3 may dissolve with slight effervescence.","Ore of phosphorus.","Originally found in fracture fillings in an argillaceous schist (St. Girons, France).","Abundant in sedimentary phosphate beds. Occasionally found in Talc-schist; in diallage-serpentine rock. May be be found in late-stage phosphate mineralization in granite pegmatites,","Apatite Group. The hydroxyl analogue of fluorapatite (much more common) and chlorapatite (rare). The phosphate analogue of johnbaumite.\r\n\r\nHydroxylapatite is a very important biomineral: Carbonate-bearing calcium-deficient hydroxylapatite is the main m...","Named hydro-apatite in 1856 by Augustin Alexis Damour from the ἀπατάω (apatao), to deceive, as apatite was often confused with other minerals (e.g., beryl, milarite), plus the \"hydro-\" prefix for the water-rich (as hydroxyl) nature of the mineral. Waldemar Schaller changed the name slightly to hydroxyl-apatite in 1912, and the one-word, hydroxylapatit, was introduced by Burri, Jakob, Parker, and Hugo Strunz in 1935. Additional names applied to this mineral include pyroclasite, ornithite, monite, etc. Much \"carbonate-apatite\" is hydroxylapatite, including some dahllite, collophane, etc.","2026-04-11 16:25:10",[89],{"id":90,"name":91,"entrytype":42,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":40,"dcalc":40,"primary_image_id":11},32316,"Manganese-bearing Apatite-(CaOH)",[93,99,105,112,119,123,129,136,143,148,153,160,165,172,179],{"id":94,"name":95,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":96,"mindat_formula":96,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":40,"dcalc":97,"primary_image_id":98},112,"Alforsite","Ba\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl","4.80",633,{"id":100,"name":101,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":102,"mindat_formula":102,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":103,"dcalc":103,"primary_image_id":104},1013,"Chlorapatite","Ca\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl","3.17",5433,{"id":106,"name":107,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":108,"mindat_formula":108,"hmin":109,"hmax":110,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":111,"primary_image_id":11},470604,"Fluoralforsite","Ba\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F",4,4.5,"4.57",{"id":113,"name":114,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":115,"mindat_formula":115,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":116,"dcalc":117,"primary_image_id":118},1572,"Fluorapatite","Ca\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F","3.1","3.18",29724,{"id":120,"name":121,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":122,"mindat_formula":122,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},56022,"Fluorpyromorphite","Pb\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F",{"id":124,"name":125,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":126,"mindat_formula":126,"hmin":127,"hmax":109,"dmeas":40,"dcalc":128,"primary_image_id":11},31566,"Hydroxylpyromorphite","Pb\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)",3.5,"7.32",{"id":130,"name":131,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":132,"mindat_formula":132,"hmin":110,"hmax":110,"dmeas":133,"dcalc":134,"primary_image_id":135},2105,"Johnbaumite","Ca\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","3.68","3.73",12671,{"id":137,"name":138,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":139,"mindat_formula":139,"hmin":127,"hmax":109,"dmeas":140,"dcalc":141,"primary_image_id":142},2714,"Mimetite","Pb\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl","7.24","7.26",30195,{"id":144,"name":145,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":146,"mindat_formula":146,"hmin":109,"hmax":46,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":147,"primary_image_id":11},46099,"Pieczkaite","Mn\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl","3.783",{"id":149,"name":150,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":151,"mindat_formula":151,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":152,"primary_image_id":11},53051,"Pliniusite","Ca\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F","3.402",{"id":154,"name":155,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":156,"mindat_formula":156,"hmin":127,"hmax":109,"dmeas":157,"dcalc":158,"primary_image_id":159},3320,"Pyromorphite","Pb\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl","7.04","7.109",20271,{"id":161,"name":162,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":163,"mindat_formula":163,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":164,"primary_image_id":11},35973,"Stronadelphite","Sr\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F"," 3.915",{"id":166,"name":167,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":168,"mindat_formula":168,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":169,"dcalc":170,"primary_image_id":171},3836,"Svabite","Ca\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F","3.5","3.67",4814,{"id":173,"name":174,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":175,"mindat_formula":175,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":176,"dcalc":177,"primary_image_id":178},4059,"Turneaureite","Ca\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl","3.60","3.63",24786,{"id":180,"name":181,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":182,"mindat_formula":182,"hmin":183,"hmax":47,"dmeas":41,"dcalc":184,"primary_image_id":185},4139,"Vanadinite","Pb\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl",2.5,"6.95",27233,[187,196,205,214,222,231,240,248,256,264],{"id":188,"name":189,"entrytype":9,"csystem":190,"ima_formula":191,"mindat_formula":192,"hmin":47,"hmax":109,"dmeas":193,"dcalc":194,"primary_image_id":195},1279,"Diadochite","Amorphous","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH) · 6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)·6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.0","2.32",7108,{"id":197,"name":198,"entrytype":9,"csystem":199,"ima_formula":200,"mindat_formula":201,"hmin":127,"hmax":127,"dmeas":202,"dcalc":203,"primary_image_id":204},1728,"Gordonite","Triclinic","MgAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","MgAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.23","2.22",10243,{"id":206,"name":207,"entrytype":9,"csystem":208,"ima_formula":209,"mindat_formula":210,"hmin":46,"hmax":46,"dmeas":211,"dcalc":212,"primary_image_id":213},1952,"Hureaulite","Monoclinic","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.15","3.23",29898,{"id":215,"name":216,"entrytype":9,"csystem":199,"ima_formula":217,"mindat_formula":218,"hmin":42,"hmax":183,"dmeas":219,"dcalc":220,"primary_image_id":221},2156,"Kaolinite","Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.68","2.63",30007,{"id":223,"name":224,"entrytype":9,"csystem":225,"ima_formula":226,"mindat_formula":227,"hmin":42,"hmax":42,"dmeas":228,"dcalc":229,"primary_image_id":230},42729,"Phosphovanadylite-Ca","Isometric","Ca[V\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>P\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>] · 12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca[V\u003Csup>4+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>P\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>]·12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O ","2.02","2.038",19367,{"id":232,"name":233,"entrytype":9,"csystem":234,"ima_formula":235,"mindat_formula":235,"hmin":236,"hmax":236,"dmeas":237,"dcalc":238,"primary_image_id":239},3337,"Quartz","Trigonal","SiO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",7,"2.65","2.66",30579,{"id":241,"name":242,"entrytype":9,"csystem":234,"ima_formula":243,"mindat_formula":244,"hmin":127,"hmax":110,"dmeas":245,"dcalc":246,"primary_image_id":247},3647,"Siderite","Fe(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","FeCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.96","3.932",22253,{"id":249,"name":250,"entrytype":9,"csystem":199,"ima_formula":251,"mindat_formula":251,"hmin":252,"hmax":252,"dmeas":253,"dcalc":254,"primary_image_id":255},3875,"Talc","Mg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",1,"2.58","2.78",13217,{"id":257,"name":258,"entrytype":9,"csystem":208,"ima_formula":259,"mindat_formula":259,"hmin":46,"hmax":260,"dmeas":261,"dcalc":262,"primary_image_id":263},3977,"Titanite","CaTi(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)O",5.5,"3.48","3.53",30848,{"id":265,"name":266,"entrytype":9,"csystem":199,"ima_formula":267,"mindat_formula":268,"hmin":127,"hmax":127,"dmeas":269,"dcalc":270,"primary_image_id":271},4129,"Ushkovite","MgFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","MgFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.38","2.40",2263,[],[],447,[276,280,284,288,292,296,300,304,308,312,317,322,327,332,337,342,346,350,354,358,361,365,369,374,379,383,388,392,396,400,405,409,414,419,423,428,432,437,441,445,450,455],{"id":277,"year":278,"html":279,"doi":11},16112551,1856,"Shepard, C.U. (1856) Five new mineral species. American Journal of Science: s2(21-22): 96-99. (as Pyroclasite)",{"id":281,"year":282,"html":283,"doi":11},16112552,1882,"Shepard, C.U. (1882) On two new minerals, monetite and monite, with a notice of pyroclasite. American Journal of Science: 23(137): 400-405. (as Monite)",{"id":285,"year":286,"html":287,"doi":11},16112553,1912,"Schaller (1912) USGS Bull. 509: 89 (as Hydroxyapatite).",{"id":289,"year":290,"html":291,"doi":11},16112554,1919,"Bianchi (1919) Atti soc. ital. soc. Nat.: 458: 306.",{"id":293,"year":294,"html":295,"doi":11},16112555,1935,"Burri, Jakob, Parker, and Strunz (1935) Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Frauenfeld: 15: 327 (as Hydroxylapatit).",{"id":297,"year":298,"html":299,"doi":11},16105634,1937,"Gruner and McConnell (1937) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 97: 208.",{"id":301,"year":302,"html":303,"doi":11},520980,1940,"McConnell, Duncan., Groner, John W. (1940) The problem of the carbonate-apatites. III. Carbonate-apatite from Magnet Cove,. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  25 (3) 157-167 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM25\u002FAM25_157.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":305,"year":306,"html":307,"doi":11},521365,1943,"Mitchell, Lane, Faust, G. T., Hendricks, S. B., Reynolds, and D. S. (1943) The mineralogy and genesis of hydroxylapatite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  28 (6) 356-371 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM28\u002FAM28_356.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":309,"year":310,"html":311,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":313,"year":314,"html":315,"doi":316},7957650,1955,"Levinskas, George J., Neuman, William F. (1955) The Solubility of Bone Mineral. I. Solubility Studies of Synthetic Hydroxylapatite. \u003Ci>The Journal of Physical Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>, 59 (2). 164-168 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fj150524a017'>doi:10.1021\u002Fj150524a017\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Fj150524a017",{"id":318,"year":319,"html":320,"doi":321},469255,1958,"Posner, A. S., Perloff, A., Diorio, A. F. (1958) Refinement of the hydroxyapatite structure. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  11 (4) 308-309 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x58000815'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x58000815\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x58000815",{"id":323,"year":324,"html":325,"doi":326},10284055,1960,"Hayek, E.; Petter, H. (1960) Mischkristallbildung der Hydroxylapatite von Calcium und Strontium. \u003Ci>Monatshefte für Chemie\u003C\u002Fi>,  91. 356-358 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00901756'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00901756\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00901756",{"id":328,"year":329,"html":330,"doi":331},7962484,1962,"Mer, Victor K. La (1962) THE SOLUBILITY BEHAVIOR OF HYDROXYLAPATITE. \u003Ci>The Journal of Physical Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>, 66 (6). 973-978 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fj100812a003'>doi:10.1021\u002Fj100812a003\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Fj100812a003",{"id":333,"year":334,"html":335,"doi":336},2522760,1964,"KAY, M. I., YOUNG, R. A., POSNER, A. S. (1964) Crystal Structure of Hydroxyapatite. \u003Ci>Nature\u003C\u002Fi>, 204 (4963). 1050-1052 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002F2041050a0'>doi:10.1038\u002F2041050a0\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1038\u002F2041050a0",{"id":338,"year":339,"html":340,"doi":341},2219976,1965,"Simpson, D. R. (1965) Carbonate in Hydroxylapatite. \u003Ci>Science\u003C\u002Fi>, 147 (3657). 501-502 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1126\u002Fscience.147.3657.501'>doi:10.1126\u002Fscience.147.3657.501\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1126\u002Fscience.147.3657.501",{"id":343,"year":344,"html":345,"doi":11},524899,1968,"Simpson, Dale R. (1968) Substitutions in apatite: I. Potassium-bearing apatite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (3-4) 432-444 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM53\u002FAM53_432.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":347,"year":348,"html":349,"doi":11},16112559,1975,"Mengeot, M., Bartram, R.H., and Gilliam, O.R. (1975) Paramagnetic hole-like defect in irradiated calcium hydroxyapatite single crystals. Phys. Rev.: B11: 4110-4124.",{"id":351,"year":352,"html":353,"doi":11},528719,1989,"Hughes, John M., Cameron, Maryellen, Crowley, Kevin D. (1989) Structural variations in natural F, OH, and Cl apatites. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  74 (7-8) 870-876 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM74\u002FAM74_870.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":355,"year":352,"html":356,"doi":357},12080747,"Ishikawa, Tatsuo, Wakamura, Masato, Kondo, Seiichi (1989) Surface characterization of calcium hydroxylapatite by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. \u003Ci>Langmuir\u003C\u002Fi>, 5. 140-144 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fla00085a025'>doi:10.1021\u002Fla00085a025\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Fla00085a025",{"id":359,"year":352,"html":360,"doi":11},16112560,"American Mineralogist (1989): 74: 87.",{"id":362,"year":363,"html":364,"doi":11},16112561,1990,"Orlovskii, V. P.; Ezhova, Zh. A.; Rodicheva, G. V.; Sukhanova, G. E.; Plesskaya, N. A. (1990): Structure conversion of hydroxyapatite at 100-​1600°C. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii 35(5), 1337-1339 (in Russian).",{"id":366,"year":367,"html":368,"doi":11},16109594,1994,"Elliott, J. C. (1994): Structure and chemistry of the apatites and other calcium orthophosphates. Elservier, Amsterdam, 389 pp.",{"id":370,"year":371,"html":372,"doi":373},9995366,1996,"Narasaraju, T. S. B., Phebe, D. E. (1996) Some physico-chemical aspects of hydroxylapatite. \u003Ci>Journal of Materials Science\u003C\u002Fi>, 31. 1-21 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00355120'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00355120\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00355120",{"id":375,"year":376,"html":377,"doi":378},584579,2000,"Fleet, Michael E., Liu, Xiaoyang, Pan, Yuanming (2000) Site Preference of Rare Earth Elements in Hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2]. \u003Ci>Journal of Solid State Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  149. 391-398 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1006\u002Fjssc.1999.8563'>doi:10.1006\u002Fjssc.1999.8563\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1006\u002Fjssc.1999.8563",{"id":380,"year":381,"html":382,"doi":11},16964962,2005,"(2005) Hydroxylapatite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fhydroxylapatite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":384,"year":385,"html":386,"doi":387},396125,2009,"Chadefaux, C., Vignaud, C., Chalmin, E., Robles-Camacho, J., Arroyo-Cabrales, J., Johnson, E., Reiche, I. (2009) Color origin and heat evidence of paleontological bones: Case study of blue and gray bones from San Josecito Cave, Mexico. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  94 (1) 27-33 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2009.2860'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2009.2860\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2009.2860",{"id":389,"year":385,"html":390,"doi":391},396277,"Lee, Y. J., Stephens, P. W., Tang, Y., Li, W., Phillips, B. L., Parise, J. B., Reeder, R. J. (2009) Arsenate substitution in hydroxylapatite: Structural characterization of the Ca\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(P\u003Csub>x\u003C\u002Fsub>As\u003Csub>1-x\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH solid solution. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  94 (5) 666-675 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2009.3120'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2009.3120\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol94\u002FAM94_666.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2009.3120",{"id":393,"year":394,"html":395,"doi":11},16112565,2012,"Agougui, Hassen; Turki, Thouraya; Bachouâ, Hassen; Aissa, Abdallah; Debbabi, Mongi (2012): Synthesis, characterization and structural refinement of mixed hydroxyapatites Ca(10-x)Mx(PO4)6(OH)2 (M = Co, Ni or Zn). Annales de Chimie - Science des Matériaux: 37: 149-169.",{"id":397,"year":394,"html":398,"doi":399},244296,"Pasteris, J. D., Yoder, C. H., Sternlieb, M. P., Liu, S. (2012) Effect of carbonate incorporation on the hydroxyl content of hydroxylapatite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  76 (7) 2741-2759 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.2012.076.7.08'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.2012.076.7.08\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.2012.076.7.08",{"id":401,"year":402,"html":403,"doi":404},397359,2014,"Pasteris, J. D., Yoder, C. H., Wopenka, B. (2014) Molecular water in nominally unhydrated carbonated hydroxylapatite: The key to a better understanding of bone mineral. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  99 (1) 16-27 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2014.4627'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2014.4627\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2014.4627",{"id":406,"year":402,"html":407,"doi":408},397536,"Hovis, G. L., McCubbin, F. M., Nekvasil, H., Ustunisik, G., Woerner, W. R., Lindsley, D. H. (2014) A novel technique for fluorapatite synthesis and the thermodynamic mixing behavior of F-OH apatite crystalline solutions. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  99 (5) 890-897 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2014.4750'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2014.4750\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2014.4750",{"id":410,"year":411,"html":412,"doi":413},4674286,2016,"Ulian, Gianfranco, Moro, Daniele, Valdrè, Giovanni (2016) First-principles study of structural and surface properties of (001) and (010) surfaces of hydroxylapatite and carbonated hydroxylapatite. \u003Ci>Journal of Applied Crystallography\u003C\u002Fi>, 49 (6). 1893-1903 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs160057671601390x'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs160057671601390x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs160057671601390x",{"id":415,"year":416,"html":417,"doi":418},299095,2017,"Chen, Weikun, Wang, Quanzhi, Meng, Shiting, Yang, Ping, Jiang, Liu, Zou, Xiang, Li, Zhen, Hu, Shuijin (2017) Temperature-related changes of Ca and P release in synthesized hydroxylapatite, geological fluorapatite, and bone bioapatite. \u003Ci>Chemical Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  451. 183-188 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.chemgeo.2017.01.014'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.chemgeo.2017.01.014\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.chemgeo.2017.01.014",{"id":420,"year":416,"html":421,"doi":422},398247,"Tran, Linh K., Stepien, Kathleen R., Bollmeyer, Melissa M., Yoder, Claude H. (2017) Substitution of sulfate in apatite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  102 (10) 1971-1976 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2017-6088'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2017-6088\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2017-6088",{"id":424,"year":425,"html":426,"doi":427},13421351,2021,"Bulina, Natalia V., Makarova, Svetlana V., Baev, Sergey G., Matvienko, Alexander A., Gerasimov, Konstantin B., Logutenko, Olga A., Bystrov, Vladimir S. (2021) A Study of Thermal Stability of Hydroxyapatite. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>, 11 (12) 1310 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin11121310'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin11121310\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F2075-163X\u002F11\u002F12\u002F1310\u002Fpdf?version=1637821448' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin11121310",{"id":429,"year":425,"html":430,"doi":431},12999769,"Ulian, Gianfranco, Moro, Daniele, Valdrè, Giovanni (2021) Thermodynamic, elastic, and vibrational (IR\u002FRaman) behavior of mixed type-AB carbonated hydroxylapatite by density functional theory. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>, 106 (12) 1928-1939 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2021-7826'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2021-7826\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2021-7826",{"id":433,"year":434,"html":435,"doi":436},13861290,2022,"Karalkeviciene, Rasa, Raudonyte-Svirbutaviciene, Eva, Gaidukevic, Justina, Zarkov, Aleksej, Kareiva, Aivaras (2022) Solvothermal Synthesis of Calcium-Deficient Hydroxyapatite via Hydrolysis of α-Tricalcium Phosphate in Different Aqueous-Organic Media. \u003Ci>Crystals\u003C\u002Fi>, 12 (2) 253pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fcryst12020253'>doi:10.3390\u002Fcryst12020253\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fcryst12020253",{"id":438,"year":434,"html":439,"doi":440},13850417,"Zhukova, Irina A., Stepanov, Aleksandr S., Korsakov, Andrey V., Jiang, Shao‐Yong (2022) Application of Raman spectroscopy for the identification of phosphate minerals from REE supergene deposit. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 53 (3) 485-496 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.6213'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.6213\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.6213",{"id":442,"year":434,"html":443,"doi":444},15192974,"Fau, Amaury, Beyssac, Olivier, Gauthier, Michel, Panczer, Gérard, Gasnault, Olivier, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Bernard, Sylvain, Maurice, Sylvestre, Forni, Olivier, Boulliard, Jean-Claude, Bosc, Françoise, Drouet, Christophe (2022) Time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopy of synthetic REE-doped hydroxylapatites and natural apatites. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>, 107 (7) 1341-1352 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8006'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8006\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2022-8006",{"id":446,"year":447,"html":448,"doi":449},15698939,2023,"Karalkeviciene, Rasa, Raudonyte-Svirbutaviciene, Eva, Zarkov, Aleksej, Yang, Jen-Chang, Popov, Anatoli I., Kareiva, Aivaras (2023) Solvothermal Synthesis of Calcium Hydroxyapatite via Hydrolysis of Alpha-Tricalcium Phosphate in the Presence of Different Organic Additives. \u003Ci>Crystals\u003C\u002Fi>, 13 (2) 265 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fcryst13020265'>doi:10.3390\u002Fcryst13020265\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fcryst13020265",{"id":451,"year":452,"html":453,"doi":454},17047377,2024,"Janakiraman, Keerthana, Swamiappan, Sasikumar (2024) Synthesis of hydroxyapatite via sol–gel combustion route: A comparative analysis of single and mixed fuels. \u003Ci>Materials Letters\u003C\u002Fi>,  357. 135731 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.matlet.2023.135731'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.matlet.2023.135731\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.matlet.2023.135731",{"id":456,"year":457,"html":458,"doi":459},19575282,2026,"Solovyov, Leonid A.; Shor, Aleksey (2026) Density-functional-theory-based scattering factors of Ca, P, O and H in hydroxyapatite for accurate structure refinement. \u003Ci>Journal of Applied Crystallography\u003C\u002Fi>,  59 (1). 80-84 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs1600576725011124'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs1600576725011124\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs1600576725011124",[461,471,479,487,494,504,512,522,527],{"id":462,"source_url":463,"license_code":464,"credit_html":465,"title":466,"description":467,"author":468,"original_width":469,"original_height":470},60353,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175752","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175752\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Apatite-(CaOH)-Feldspar-Group-119177.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FApatite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Apatite\">Apatite-(CaOH)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFeldspar\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Feldspar\">Feldspar\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sapo mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConselheiro_Pena\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Conselheiro Pena\">Conselheiro Pena\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4635.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.0 x 4.7 x 3.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>These remarkable and unusual hydroxylapatite specimens were really the only major new find at the 2005 Munich Show, of quantity and visual appeal. Italian dealer Riccardo Prato had gone to Brazil himself when the pocket came to light and got the most and best. This showy piece consists of three, fat, juicy crystals to 2.2 cm, perched on lovely contrasting matrix. VERY 3-dimensional xls, here, which are preferentially frosted on one side.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",500,468,{"id":472,"source_url":473,"license_code":464,"credit_html":474,"title":475,"description":476,"author":468,"original_width":477,"original_height":478},60354,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175795","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10175795\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Apatite-(CaOH)-120457.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FApatite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Apatite\">Apatite-(CaOH)\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Oksøyekollen (Oksøykollen; Oxøiekollen), Snarum, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FModum\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Modum\">Modum\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBuskerud\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Buskerud\">Buskerud\u003C\u002Fa>, Norway (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-13890.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 9.2 x 6.2 x 5.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A CLASSIC, OLD-TIME and AESTHETIC specimen of extremely sharp, multi-faced, off-white hydroxylapatite crystals from Snarum on matrix. The club-shaped crystal, at 4.7 cm, is HUGE! Embedded in the bottom of the matrix is a LARGE, 8.2 cm, dark green, elongated hornblende crystal. NOTE that this is NOT just apatite. This is a very rare varietal and is from the most significant old classic locality for it! The great private collection of A. F. Holden, comparable in quality and extent to the collections of Roebling and Bement, was acquired by gift to Harvard in 1913. Phil Scalisi obtained this very fine old-timer in an exchange in 1971. Ex George Elling Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,458,{"id":480,"source_url":481,"license_code":464,"credit_html":482,"title":483,"description":484,"author":468,"original_width":485,"original_height":486},60355,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176327","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10176327\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Apatite-(CaOH)-178944.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FApatite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Apatite\">Apatite-(CaOH)\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sapo mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConselheiro_Pena\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Conselheiro Pena\">Conselheiro Pena\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4635.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.7 x 5.0 x 4.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Here we have a very unusual specimen of what was formerly referred to as Hydroxylapatite from the famous find at the Sapo mine in 2004. These crystals have a truly unique appearance both from the standpoint of habit and color. The crystals are flattened dipyramids with no prism whatsoever, and have a light yellow center with beautiful bluish-green edges. Most of the specimens from this find featured isolated crystals of Apatite-(CaOH) on tan colored Feldspar crystals. The largest crystal measures 3.3 cm across.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",403,360,{"id":488,"source_url":489,"license_code":464,"credit_html":490,"title":491,"description":492,"author":468,"original_width":493,"original_height":486},60357,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177224","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177224\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Apatite-(CaOH)-245661.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FApatite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Apatite\">Apatite-(CaOH)\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sapo mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConselheiro_Pena\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Conselheiro Pena\">Conselheiro Pena\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4635.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.5 x 7.6 x 3.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Readers of the Mineralogical Record know that the Sapo Mine in Brazil was just recently profiled in the July\u002FAugust 2009 issue. In 2004 some of the most unique and eye-catching specimens of Apatite-(CaOH) (formerly Hydroxylapatite) were discovered. These pieces feature flattened dipyramidal crystals with beautiful bicolor blue-green and yellow zoning. The majority of the specimens were found on Orthoclase, but a few formed on pale smoky to colorless Quartz. This piece features several attractive crystals of Apatite-(CaOH) sitting atop light \"Smoky Quartz\" with minor associated \"buff\" color Orthoclase. The reverse side of the specimen shows that the Quartz is actually crystallized most of the way around. These specimens have virtually disappeared from the market, and crystals on Quartz are even more difficult to obtain.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",450,{"id":495,"source_url":496,"license_code":497,"credit_html":498,"title":499,"description":500,"author":501,"original_width":502,"original_height":503},11986,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129865465","CC BY-SA 4.0","Dr. Joachim Gärtner, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=129865465\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kalkdepots bei Tendinosis calcarea.jpg","Operativ entfernt \"Kalkdepots\". Links: Getrocknetes Hydroxylapatit aus der Resorptionsphase (radiologisch Typ III). Rechts: Hydroxylapatitdepot in der Kazifikationsphase (radiologisch Typ I), Durchmesser 7mm","Dr. Joachim Gärtner",2794,1765,{"id":505,"source_url":506,"license_code":464,"credit_html":507,"title":508,"description":509,"author":468,"original_width":510,"original_height":511},11981,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15295925","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15295925\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydroxylapatite-338779.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHydroxylapatite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hydroxylapatite\">Hydroxylapatit\u003C\u002Fa> from Bolivia\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Cerro Huañaquino, Potosí Department, Bolivia\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 1.3 x 0.5 x 0.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>The area around Cerro Huanaquino is best known for its excellent Magnetite specimens, but a close second behind these pieces are the attractive and very well crystallized Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite crystals. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite is actually a variety of Hydroxylapatite, and is well-known from a fair number of world localities, but not often are the crystals as large, attractive and well-formed as the Bolivian specimens. This piece is a great thumbnail sized specimen of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite with well-defined hexagonal form, a soft peach-tan color, medium luster, and is somewhat translucent. It is one of the better crystals of this rare material that I have handled.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",460,432,{"id":513,"source_url":514,"license_code":515,"credit_html":516,"title":517,"description":518,"author":519,"original_width":520,"original_height":521},11982,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15296327","Public domain","Mark Joseph Wylie, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15296327\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydroxylapatite, Triplite-212964.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHydroxylapatite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hydroxylapatite\">Hydroxylapatite\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTriplite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Triplite\">Triplite\u003C\u002Fa> (Size: 4 x 4 cm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Morefield Mine (Morefield Pegmatite), Winterham, Amelia County, Virginia, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> White apatite(CaOH) form as a secondary phosphate from the salmon pink triplite (4x4cm) Collection of MWylie from the owner of the Morefield Mine, Sam. Photos by Betsy Martin.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Mark Joseph Wylie",1000,750,{"id":523,"source_url":524,"license_code":515,"credit_html":525,"title":526,"description":518,"author":519,"original_width":520,"original_height":521},11983,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15296350","Mark Joseph Wylie, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15296350\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydroxylapatite, Triplite-212965.jpg",{"id":528,"source_url":529,"license_code":464,"credit_html":530,"title":531,"description":532,"author":468,"original_width":521,"original_height":533},60356,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177045","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10177045\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Apatite-(CaOH)-Orthoclase-233170.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FApatite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Apatite\">Apatite-(CaOH)\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOrthoclase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Orthoclase\">Orthoclase\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sapo mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FConselheiro_Pena\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Conselheiro Pena\">Conselheiro Pena\u003C\u002Fa>, Doce valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinas_Gerais\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Minas Gerais\">Minas Gerais\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4635.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 11.4 x 9.0 x 2.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>These remarkable and unusual apatite-(CaOH) specimens were really the only major new find at the 2005 Munich Show, of quantity and visual appeal. Italian dealer Riccardo Prato had gone to Brazil himself when the pocket came to light and got the most and best. This fine cabinet piece consists of fat, dipyramidal crystals to 3.0 cm generously scattered on contrasting orthoclase matrix. No more of this style have been found since.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",619,[535,541,546,551,556],{"id":536,"url":537,"label":538,"formula":539,"spacegroup":540,"year":385},802,"\u002Fcif\u002F802.cif","Lee 2009 · Ca5 P3 O13 H","Ca5 P3 O13 H","P 63\u002Fm",{"id":542,"url":543,"label":544,"formula":545,"spacegroup":540,"year":385},803,"\u002Fcif\u002F803.cif","Lee 2009 · Ca5 (As.33 P2.67) O13 H","Ca5 (As.33 P2.67) O13 H",{"id":547,"url":548,"label":549,"formula":550,"spacegroup":540,"year":385},804,"\u002Fcif\u002F804.cif","Lee 2009 · Ca5 (As.727 P2.273) O13 H","Ca5 (As.727 P2.273) O13 H",{"id":552,"url":553,"label":554,"formula":555,"spacegroup":540,"year":385},805,"\u002Fcif\u002F805.cif","Lee 2009 · Ca5 (As1.298 P1.702) O13 H","Ca5 (As1.298 P1.702) O13 H",{"id":557,"url":558,"label":559,"formula":560,"spacegroup":540,"year":561},806,"\u002Fcif\u002F806.cif","Fleet 2004","Ca5 P2.928 O13.012 H1.44",2004,[563,564,565,566,567,568],"Apatite-(CaOH)","Fluor-hydroxylapatite","Hidroxilapatito","Hydro-apatite","Hydroxyapatit","Monite",[570,574,578,582,586,590,594,600,606,611,615,619,623,628,632,637,641,644,648,652,657,662,666,670,674,677,681,687,693,697,702,706,709,715,719,723,726,730,733,738,742,745,748,751,754],{"lang":571,"names":572},"af",[573],"Hidroksielapatiet",{"lang":575,"names":576},"ar",[577],"هيدروكسيل أباتيت",{"lang":579,"names":580},"be",[581],"гідроксіапатыт",{"lang":583,"names":584},"bs",[585],"Hidroksiapatit",{"lang":587,"names":588},"ca",[589],"hidroxilapatita",{"lang":591,"names":592},"cs",[567,593],"hydroxylapatit",{"lang":595,"names":596},"de",[597,567,598,599],"Apatit-(CaOH)","Hydroxylapatit","Nanohydroxylapatit",{"lang":601,"names":602},"es",[603,604,605,565],"Apatito-(CaOH)","Hidroxiapatita","Hidroxiapatito",{"lang":607,"names":608},"et",[609,610],"hüdroksüapatiit","Hüdroksüülapatiit",{"lang":612,"names":613},"eu",[614],"Hidroxilapatita",{"lang":616,"names":617},"fa",[618],"هیدروکسی آپاتیت",{"lang":620,"names":621},"fi",[622],"hydroksyyliapatiitti",{"lang":624,"names":625},"fr",[626,627],"Hydroxy-apatite","Hydroxyapatite",{"lang":629,"names":630},"ga",[631],"hiodrocsalapaitít",{"lang":633,"names":634},"hu",[635,636],"hidroxiapatit","hidroxilapatit",{"lang":638,"names":639},"hy",[640],"Հիդրօքսիապատիտ",{"lang":642,"names":643},"id",[585],{"lang":645,"names":646},"it",[7,647],"idrossilapatite",{"lang":649,"names":650},"ja",[651],"水酸燐灰石",{"lang":653,"names":654},"ko",[655,656],"수산화인회석","하이드록시아파타이트",{"lang":658,"names":659},"lv",[660,661],"Hidroksiapatīts","Hidroksilapatīts",{"lang":663,"names":664},"mk",[665],"Хидроксилапатит",{"lang":667,"names":668},"nb",[669],"hydroksylapatitt",{"lang":671,"names":672},"nl",[673],"hydroxylapatiet",{"lang":675,"names":676},"nn",[669],{"lang":678,"names":679},"no",[680],"Hydroksylapatitt",{"lang":682,"names":683},"pl",[684,685,686],"Dihydroksyapatyt","Dwuhydroksyapatyt","Hydroksyapatyt",{"lang":688,"names":689},"pt",[690,604,691,692],"Cristais de hidroxiapatita","hidroxiapatite","Hidroxilapatite",{"lang":694,"names":695},"pt-br",[696],"hidroxiapatita",{"lang":698,"names":699},"ro",[700,701],"Hidroxilapatit","hidroxilapatită",{"lang":703,"names":704},"ru",[705],"Гидроксиапатит",{"lang":707,"names":708},"sk",[598],{"lang":710,"names":711},"sl",[712,713,714],"apatit-(CaOH)","hidroksiapatit","hidroksilapatit",{"lang":716,"names":717},"sv",[718,567,598],"Hydroxiapatit",{"lang":720,"names":721},"th",[722],"ไฮดรอกซิลอะพาไทต์",{"lang":724,"names":725},"tr",[585],{"lang":727,"names":728},"uk",[729],"Гідроксилапатит",{"lang":731,"names":732},"vi",[627],{"lang":734,"names":735},"zh",[736,737],"羟基磷灰石","羥磷灰石",{"lang":739,"names":740},"zh-cn",[741],"羟磷灰石",{"lang":743,"names":744},"zh-hans",[741],{"lang":746,"names":747},"zh-hant",[737],{"lang":749,"names":750},"zh-hk",[737],{"lang":752,"names":753},"zh-sg",[741],{"lang":755,"names":756},"zh-tw",[737],"Q413478",{"history":11,"applications":11}]