[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:1993":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":14,"elements":15,"sigelements":20,"key_elements":21,"impurities":22,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":34,"dana8ed4":34,"csystem":35,"cclass":36,"spacegroup":37,"spacegroupset":38,"a":39,"b":40,"c":41,"alpha":42,"beta":43,"gamma":42,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":44,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":45,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":46,"tlform":11,"hmin":44,"hmax":47,"hardtype":48,"vhnmin":42,"vhnmax":42,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":49,"dmeas2":33,"dcalc":50,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":51,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":52,"streak":53,"colour":54,"commentcolor":11,"colors":55,"streak_colors":62,"luminescence":11,"uv":63,"cleavage":64,"cleavagetype":65,"fracturetype":66,"tenacity":67,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":68,"opticalsign":69,"opticalalpha":70,"opticalalpha2":42,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":71,"opticalbeta2":42,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":72,"opticalgamma2":42,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":42,"opticalomega2":42,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":42,"opticalepsilon2":42,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":42,"opticaln2":42,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":73,"optical2vcalc2":42,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":73,"optical2vmeasured2":42,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":74,"rimax":75,"opticaldispersion":76,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":77,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":78,"other":11,"industrial":79,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":80,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":81,"aboutname":82,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":83,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":84,"group_members":85,"associates":86,"confused_with":141,"type_localities":142,"occurrence_total":149,"citations":150,"images":304,"structures":469,"synonyms":476,"language_names":489,"wikidata_qid":593,"texts":594},1993,"1:1:1993:0","a8f43ee6-0b4b-41b0-903f-d30cb07506c2","Hydrozincite","Hznc",0,"mineral",null,10755,false,"Zn\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>",[16,17,18,19],"Zn","O","C","H",[16,17,18,19],[16],",Fe, Cu","11.6.2",[25,26],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1853","5","B","A","15","16a","4","1","Monoclinic",5,11,"C1 2\u002Fm 1","13.58","6.28","5.41","0","95.51",2,"Intimate twinning has been observed, but the morphology has not been reported.","Crystals usually very small to microscopic, lath-like or bladed, flattened on {100} and elongated [001], often tapering to a sharp point.  Typically found as massive aggregates of either powdery material, earthy and porous, to compact material, with fibrous radial structure, may be reniform.  Dense agate-like masses, stalactic, and pisolitic.",2.5,3,"3.5","3.97","Silky,Pearly,Dull,Earthy","Transparent,Translucent","White","White to grey, stained pale pink, or pale yellow or brown; colourless in transmitted light.",[56,57,58,59,60,61],"white","gray","pink","yellow","brown","colorless",[56],"Light blue (SW UV). May fluoresce weak gray, white, or pale yellow in mid-wave and long wave. Probably does not phosphorece except due to mixture with other species.\r\nblue shortwave-excited luminescence excited by SW UV caused by titanate groups (TiO\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>)","On {100}.","Perfect","Irregular\u002FUneven","very brittle","Biaxial","-","1.63","1.642","1.75","40",1.63,1.75,"relatively strong","Readily soluble in acids.\r\n\r\nObserved as pseudomorphs after Dolomite.","H2O and CO2 are lost starting at about 230°, leaving ZnO.","A minor ore of zinc.","Oxidized zones of zinc mineral deposits, particularly those with sphalerite.","Typically found as massive, earthy, porous to compact, powdery aggregates and encrustations of very small to microscopic crystals.  The colour is white to grey, but it may be stained a wide variety of hues by impurities, with yellowish and brownish to ...","Named in 1853 by Gustav Adolph Kenngott in allusion to its composition, containing water of hydration and zinc.","2026-04-10 13:01:45",[],[],[87,97,105,114,124,133],{"id":88,"name":89,"entrytype":9,"csystem":90,"ima_formula":91,"mindat_formula":92,"hmin":48,"hmax":93,"dmeas":94,"dcalc":95,"primary_image_id":96},50,"Agardite-(La)","Hexagonal","LaCu\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · 3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","LaCu\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>·3H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",4,"3.65","3.62",367,{"id":98,"name":99,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":100,"mindat_formula":100,"hmin":101,"hmax":44,"dmeas":102,"dcalc":103,"primary_image_id":104},422,"Aurichalcite","(Zn,Cu)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>",1,"3.96","3.93",2314,{"id":106,"name":107,"entrytype":9,"csystem":108,"ima_formula":109,"mindat_formula":110,"hmin":48,"hmax":48,"dmeas":111,"dcalc":112,"primary_image_id":113},859,"Calcite","Trigonal","Ca(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","CaCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.7102","2.711",4401,{"id":115,"name":116,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":118,"mindat_formula":119,"hmin":48,"hmax":120,"dmeas":121,"dcalc":122,"primary_image_id":123},934,"Cerussite","Orthorhombic","Pb(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","PbCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",3.5,"6.53","6.558",5045,{"id":125,"name":126,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":127,"mindat_formula":128,"hmin":129,"hmax":36,"dmeas":130,"dcalc":131,"primary_image_id":132},1860,"Hemimorphite","Zn\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Zn\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",4.5,"3.475","3.484",11125,{"id":134,"name":135,"entrytype":9,"csystem":108,"ima_formula":136,"mindat_formula":137,"hmin":93,"hmax":129,"dmeas":138,"dcalc":139,"primary_image_id":140},3688,"Smithsonite","Zn(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","ZnCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.42","4.43",30707,[],[143],{"id":144,"txt":145,"latitude":146,"longitude":147,"country":148},42683,"Bad Bleiberg, Villach-Land District, Carinthia, Austria",46.6166667,13.6833333,"Austria",1040,[151,155,159,163,167,171,175,180,184,188,192,195,200,204,208,213,217,222,226,230,234,238,242,246,250,253,258,262,266,271,276,280,285,290,294,299],{"id":152,"year":153,"html":154,"doi":11},16112572,1803,"Smithson, J. (1803) A chemical analysis of some calamines. Royal Society of London, Philosophical Transactions: 12-28. (as Calamine)",{"id":156,"year":157,"html":158,"doi":11},16112573,1808,"Karsten, D.L.G. (1808) Mineralogische Tabellen, Berlin, second edition: 70, 99 (as Zinkblüthe).",{"id":160,"year":161,"html":162,"doi":11},18530121,1832,"Beudant, François-Sulpice (1832) \u003Ci>Traité élémentaire de minéralogie. Deuxiéme Edition [Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy. Second Edition]\u003C\u002Fi> (2nd ed.) Vol. 2 - Tome II [Volume  II]. Chez Verdière. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fbub_gb_XSRCAAAAcAAJ\u002Fbub_gb_XSRCAAAAcAAJ.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":164,"year":165,"html":166,"doi":11},16112575,1853,"Kenngott, G.A. (1853) Ubersichte der Resultate mineralogischer Forschungen, for the years 1850-51, Vienna (as Hydrozinkit).",{"id":168,"year":169,"html":170,"doi":11},16112576,1858,"Elderhorst (1858) Geological Report of Arkansas: 153. (as Marionite).",{"id":172,"year":173,"html":174,"doi":11},16112577,1875,"Weisbach, Albin (1875) Synopsis mineralogical, systematische Übersicht des Mineralreiches: 36 (as Cegamit).",{"id":176,"year":177,"html":178,"doi":179},101711,1888,"Zepharovich, V. v. (1888) Ueber Trona, Idrialin und Hydrozinkit. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Krystallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  13 (1-6). 135-144 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1888.13.1.135'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1888.13.1.135\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1888.13.1.135",{"id":181,"year":182,"html":183,"doi":11},16112578,1897,"Cabolet analysis in: Kraut (1897) Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, Hamburg, Leipzig: 13: 8.",{"id":185,"year":186,"html":187,"doi":11},16112579,1910,"Calderón y Arana, S. (1910) Los minerales de España, 2 volumes, Madrid: 2: 107.",{"id":189,"year":190,"html":191,"doi":11},16112580,1916,"Ford, W.E., Bradley, W.M. (1916) On hydro-zincite. American Journal of Science: 42: 59-62.",{"id":193,"year":190,"html":194,"doi":11},16112581,"Perrier (1916) Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali: 54: 188.",{"id":196,"year":197,"html":198,"doi":199},647767,1921,"Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi> 679. US Geological Survey \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb679'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb679\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0679\u002Freport.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb679",{"id":201,"year":202,"html":203,"doi":11},16112583,1929,"Hintze, Carl (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3A]: 3354.",{"id":205,"year":206,"html":207,"doi":11},16112584,1930,"Ulrich (1930) Příroda, Brno: 23: 387.",{"id":209,"year":210,"html":211,"doi":212},653692,1934,"Larsen, E.S.; Berman, H. (1934) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin of the US Geological Survey\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 848. US Geological Survey p.1-266. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb848'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb848\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0848\u002Freport.pdf?reftype=.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb848",{"id":214,"year":215,"html":216,"doi":11},16112586,1938,"Lauro (1938) Periodico de Mineralogia-Roma: 9: 120.",{"id":218,"year":219,"html":220,"doi":221},4135,1941,"Prider, Rex T. (1941) Hydrozincite from Narlarla, West Kimberley district, Western Australia. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  26 (173) 60-65 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1941.026.173.04'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1941.026.173.04\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_26\u002F26-173-60.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1941.026.173.04",{"id":223,"year":224,"html":225,"doi":11},16101862,1946,"Beck (1946) Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University (unpublished).",{"id":227,"year":228,"html":229,"doi":11},16112588,1947,"Ramsdell, L.S. (1947) The composition and unit cell of hydrozincite. American Mineralogist: 32: 207-208. (abstract)",{"id":231,"year":232,"html":233,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":235,"year":236,"html":237,"doi":11},17078649,1964,"Jambor, J. L. (1964) Studies of basic copper and zinc carbonates: I - synthetic zinc carbonates and their relationship to hydrozincite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  8 (1) 92-108 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM8_92.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":239,"year":236,"html":240,"doi":241},619764,"Ghose, S. (1964) The crystal structure of hydrozincite, Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  17 (8) 1051-1057 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x64002651'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x64002651\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x64002651",{"id":243,"year":244,"html":245,"doi":11},17078648,1965,"Jambor, J. L., Pouliot, G. (1965) X-ray crystallography of aurichalcite and hydrozincite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  8 (3) 385-389 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM8_385.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":247,"year":248,"html":249,"doi":11},19649268,1966,"Zabinski, W. (1966) The problem of stacking order in natural hydrozincite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  8 (5). 649-652",{"id":251,"year":248,"html":252,"doi":11},19649271,"Jambor, J. L. (1966) Natural and synthetic hydrozincites. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  8 (5). 652-653",{"id":254,"year":255,"html":256,"doi":257},7859476,1979,"Alwan, Alwan K., Williams, Peter A. (1979) Mineral formation from aqueous solution. Part I. The deposition of hydrozincite, Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2, from natural waters. \u003Ci>Transition Metal Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>, 4 (2). 128-132 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00618840'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00618840\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00618840",{"id":259,"year":255,"html":260,"doi":261},3047,"Alwan, A. K., Williams, P. A. (1979) Nickeloan hydrozincite: a new variety. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  43 (327) 397-398 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1979.043.327.12'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1979.043.327.12\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_43\u002F43-327-397.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1979.043.327.12",{"id":263,"year":264,"html":265,"doi":11},1118654,1997,"Gaines, Richard V.; Skinner, H. Catherine W.; Foord, Eugene E.; Mason, Brian; Rosenzweig, Abraham; King, Vandall T. (1997) \u003Ci>Dana's New Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (8th ed.). Wiley-Interscience. 1872 pp.",{"id":267,"year":268,"html":269,"doi":270},393799,1998,"Mercy, M. A., Rock, Peter A., Casey, William H., Mokarram, Mehdi M. (1998) Gibbs energies of formation for hydrocerussite [Pb(OH)2.(PbCO3)2(s)] and hydrozincite [Zn(OH)2]3.(ZnCO3)2(s)] at 298 K and 1 bar from electrochemical cell measurements. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  83 (7). 739-745 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-1998-7-806'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-1998-7-806\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol83\u002FAM83_739.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-1998-7-806",{"id":272,"year":273,"html":274,"doi":275},16386704,2002,"Stoilova, D, Koleva, V, Vassileva, V (2002) Infrared study of some synthetic phases of malachite (Cu2(OH)2CO3)–hydrozincite (Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2) series. \u003Ci>Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 58 (9) 2051-2059 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fs1386-1425(01)00677-1'>doi:10.1016\u002Fs1386-1425(01)00677-1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fs1386-1425(01)00677-1",{"id":277,"year":278,"html":279,"doi":11},16964980,2005,"(2005) Hydrozincite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fhydrozincite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":281,"year":282,"html":283,"doi":284},16958310,2007,"Hales, Matthew C.; Frost, Ray L. (2007) Synthesis and vibrational spectroscopic characterisation of synthetic hydrozincite and smithsonite. \u003Ci>Polyhedron\u003C\u002Fi>,  26 (17). 4955-4962 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.poly.2007.07.002'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.poly.2007.07.002\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.poly.2007.07.002",{"id":286,"year":287,"html":288,"doi":289},2427252,2008,"Frost, Ray L., Hales, Matt C., Wain, Daria L. (2008) Raman spectroscopy of smithsonite. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 39 (1). 108-114 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.1835'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.1835\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.1835",{"id":291,"year":287,"html":292,"doi":293},16446206,"Hales, M. C., Frost, R. L. (2008) Thermal analysis of smithsonite and hydrozincite. \u003Ci>Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry\u003C\u002Fi>, 91 (3) 855-860 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10973-007-8571-0'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs10973-007-8571-0\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs10973-007-8571-0",{"id":295,"year":296,"html":297,"doi":298},397268,2013,"Sanna, R., De Giudici, G., Scorciapino, A. M., Floris, C., Casu, M. (2013) Investigation of the hydrozincite structure by infrared and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  98 (7) 1219-1226 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2013.4158'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2013.4158\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2013.4158",{"id":300,"year":301,"html":302,"doi":303},15651678,2023,"Vigier, Maxence, Fritsch, Emmanuel, Cavignac, Théo, Latouche, Camille, Jobic, Stéphane (2023) Shortwave UV Blue Luminescence of Some Minerals and Gems Due to Titanate Groups. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>, 13 (1) 104 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin13010104'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin13010104\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F2075-163X\u002F13\u002F1\u002F104\u002Fpdf?version=1674017971' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin13010104",[305,315,322,328,333,339,348,356,364,372,380,390,399,407,414,422,430,440,449,459,464],{"id":306,"source_url":307,"license_code":308,"credit_html":309,"title":310,"description":311,"author":312,"original_width":313,"original_height":314},12029,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1494153","CC BY-SA 3.0","No machine-readable author provided. Kluka assumed (based on copyright claims)., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1494153\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydrocynkit, Kopalnia Ojuela, Mapimi, Durango, Meksyk.jpg","Hydrocynkit,_Kopalnia_Ojuela,_Mapimi,_Durango,Meksyk; autor zdjęcia Paleonet; 10.12.2006 r.","No machine-readable author provided. Kluka assumed (based on copyright claims).",640,480,{"id":316,"source_url":317,"license_code":318,"credit_html":319,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":320,"original_height":321},29918,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F164843","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F164843\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,750,{"id":323,"source_url":324,"license_code":308,"credit_html":325,"title":326,"description":327,"author":312,"original_width":313,"original_height":314},60416,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1494143","No machine-readable author provided. Kluka assumed (based on copyright claims)., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1494143\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydrocynkit, Kopalnia Ojuela, Mapimi, Durango,2Meksyk.jpg","Hydrocynkit,_Kopalnia_Ojuela,_Mapimi,_Durango,2Meksyk; autor zdjęcia Paleonet; 10.12.2006 r.",{"id":329,"source_url":330,"license_code":318,"credit_html":331,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":320,"original_height":332},29919,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65165","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65165\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",869,{"id":334,"source_url":335,"license_code":336,"credit_html":337,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":320,"original_height":338},29920,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115005","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115005\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",666,{"id":340,"source_url":341,"license_code":308,"credit_html":342,"title":343,"description":344,"author":345,"original_width":346,"original_height":347},60417,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6358088","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6358088\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydrozinkit - Santander, Spanien.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHydrozincite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hydrozincite\">Hydrozincite\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: Santander, Spain - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike)",2000,1500,{"id":349,"source_url":350,"license_code":308,"credit_html":351,"title":352,"description":353,"author":354,"original_width":321,"original_height":355},12032,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157335","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10157335\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydrozincite-196847.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHydrozincite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hydrozincite\">Hydrozincite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Ojuela Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMapim%C3%AD\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mapimí\">Mapimí\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMapim%C3%AD_(municipality)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mapimí (municipality)\">Municipio de Mapimí\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDurango\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Durango\">Durango\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2318.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.8 x 8.2 x 5.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Hydrozincite forms in the oxidation zones of zinc deposits as masses or crusts. This is a large and very rich specimen from Mapimi that is actually quite attractive, where little snowy balls of the mineral have formed in shallow recesses in a contrasting matrix of limonite. Ex. Stoudt Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",675,{"id":357,"source_url":358,"license_code":308,"credit_html":359,"title":360,"description":361,"author":354,"original_width":362,"original_height":363},12033,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159242","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159242\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydrozincite-201603.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHydrozincite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hydrozincite\">Hydrozincite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Ojuela Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMapim%C3%AD\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mapimí\">Mapimí\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMapim%C3%AD_(municipality)\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mapimí (municipality)\">Municipio de Mapimí\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDurango\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Durango\">Durango\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2318.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 12.4 x 7.5 x 6.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Hydrozincite - Zinc Carbonate Hydroxide – forms in the oxidation zones of zinc deposits as masses or crusts. Hydrozincite may be present on many specimens, but is usually unnoticed or assumed to be some other more common mineral, such as calcite or aragonite. This large matrix is richly peppered with tiny balls of snow-white hydrozincite, on a limonitic matrix; it is actually rather attractive, for a mineral that is not known for attractiveness. Ex. Consie Prince collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",800,413,{"id":365,"source_url":366,"license_code":308,"credit_html":367,"title":368,"description":369,"author":345,"original_width":370,"original_height":371},60419,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6555403","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6555403\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydrozinkit (Zinkblüte) - Raibl, Italien.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHydrozincite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hydrozincite\">Hydrozincite\u003C\u002Fa> out of the Oxidation zone - Raibl (Cavedel, Predil), Italia - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany",2450,1700,{"id":373,"source_url":374,"license_code":308,"credit_html":375,"title":376,"description":377,"author":345,"original_width":378,"original_height":379},60420,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6555666","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6555666\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydrozinkit (Zinkblüte) - Bleiberg, Kärnten.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHydrozincite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hydrozincite\">Hydrozincite\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: Bleiberg, Kärnten - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany",2200,1560,{"id":381,"source_url":382,"license_code":383,"credit_html":384,"title":385,"description":386,"author":387,"original_width":388,"original_height":389},12036,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=189393485","Public domain","Virginia Maine, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=189393485\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydrozincite-955166.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHydrozincite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hydrozincite\">Hydrozincite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Field of view: 5 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Eaglebrook Mine, Tal-y-bont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Ceredigion, Wales, UK\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: Beads of light green-blue hydrozincite on a rock mass.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Virginia Maine",3024,4032,{"id":391,"source_url":392,"license_code":318,"credit_html":393,"title":394,"description":395,"author":396,"original_width":397,"original_height":398},60421,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82998561","Mai Seppel, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=82998561\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 202158 photo (g27 g27-497 1 jpg).jpg","\"hüdrotsinkiit\". More info \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65165\">about this file\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Fspecimen\u002F202158\">about this specimen\u003C\u002Fa> at \u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002F\">geocollections.info\u003C\u002Fa>","Mai Seppel",3169,2756,{"id":400,"source_url":401,"license_code":308,"credit_html":402,"title":403,"description":404,"author":354,"original_width":405,"original_height":406},12030,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151025","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10151025\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydrozincite-Calcite-Sphalerite-174600.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHydrozincite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hydrozincite\">Hydrozincite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">Calcite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSphalerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Sphalerite\">Sphalerite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Picher Field, Tri-State District, Ottawa County, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOklahoma\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Oklahoma\">Oklahoma\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-12395.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.5 x 6.7 x 6.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A large plate from the famous Picher, Oklahoma Field of the Tri-State District. Three, large, to 4.5 cm, hydrozincite-coated gemmy, amber calcite scalenohedrons dramatically project upward, like snow-wreathed mountains from a flat plain of silicified limestone, which is very attractively complimented with smaller coated calcite crystals and gemmy, ruby-jack sphalerite crystals. Ex. George Feist Collection, #2993.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,445,{"id":408,"source_url":409,"license_code":308,"credit_html":410,"title":411,"description":412,"author":354,"original_width":405,"original_height":413},12031,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10153047","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10153047\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Dioptase-Hydrozincite-Wulfenite-180778.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDioptase\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Dioptase\">Dioptase\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHydrozincite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hydrozincite\">Hydrozincite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWulfenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Wulfenite\">Wulfenite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Mammoth-Saint Anthony Mine (Mammoth-St Anthony Mine; Mammoth Mine; St. Anthony Mine), St. Anthony deposit, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTiger\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tiger\">Tiger\u003C\u002Fa>, Mammoth District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPinal_County,_Arizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pinal County, Arizona\">Pinal County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FArizona\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Arizona\">Arizona\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3380.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.9 x 2.5 x 2.1 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Beautifully gemmy, emerald-green dioptase needles are concentrated near the crest of the wedge-like, mounded matrix. Wulfenites cover the entire piece and are coated with hydrozincite. Ex. John Ydren Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",421,{"id":415,"source_url":416,"license_code":308,"credit_html":417,"title":418,"description":419,"author":345,"original_width":420,"original_height":421},60418,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6554940","Ra'ike (see also: de:Benutzer:Ra'ike), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6554940\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydrozinkit (Zinkblüte) mit Hemimorphit - Bleiberg, Kärnten.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHydrozincite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hydrozincite\">Hydrozincite\u003C\u002Fa> with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHemimorphite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hemimorphite\">Hemimorphite\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: Bleiberg, Carinthia (Germany) - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany",1800,1400,{"id":423,"source_url":424,"license_code":308,"credit_html":425,"title":426,"description":427,"author":354,"original_width":428,"original_height":429},12034,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10160744","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10160744\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydrozincite-Smithsonite-210865.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHydrozincite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hydrozincite\">Hydrozincite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSmithsonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Smithsonite\">Smithsonite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTsumeb\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tsumeb\">Tsumeb\u003C\u002Fa>, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2428.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.3 x 3.9 x 2.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Hydrozincite is an alteration product of smithsonite, sphalerite or hemimorphite. This fine specimen from the Tsumeb Mine features an aesthetic cluster of sharp, brown smithsonite crystals with a powdery dusting of gray hydozincite microcrystals on a nicely contrasting crust of calcite. The largest smithsonite rhomb, 1.8 cm, is perched at the top of the specimen. Ex. Rob Smith Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",700,622,{"id":431,"source_url":432,"license_code":433,"credit_html":434,"title":435,"description":436,"author":437,"original_width":438,"original_height":439},12035,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10373870","CC BY 3.0","Stephen E. Fritz, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10373870\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Hydrozincite, Zincite - Franklin Mine, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHydrozincite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hydrozincite\">Hydrozincite\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZincite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zincite\">Zincite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Franklin Mine, Franklin, Franklin Mining District, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Artificial and Long Wave UV (pale blue) photos of hydrozincite. Total specimen size approximately 7.5 cm x 13 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Stephen E. Fritz",775,1024,{"id":441,"source_url":442,"license_code":308,"credit_html":443,"title":444,"description":445,"author":446,"original_width":447,"original_height":448},21844,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=170619568","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=170619568\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schulenbergit, Hydrozinkit-29803 3.JPG","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSchulenbergite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Schulenbergite\">Schulenbergite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHydrozincite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Hydrozincite\">Hydrozincite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Weight: 158.7 g\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Odertal, St. Andreasberg, Harz, Germany\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","HolDu",5184,3888,{"id":450,"source_url":451,"license_code":452,"credit_html":453,"title":454,"description":455,"author":456,"original_width":457,"original_height":458},10617,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118186804","CC BY-SA 2.0","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118186804\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Woodruffite with Hydrozincite and Gunningite (47975600691).jpg","\u003Cp>Willet Mine - Lardeau\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nBritish Columbia, Canada","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada",4000,6000,{"id":460,"source_url":461,"license_code":308,"credit_html":462,"title":463,"description":445,"author":446,"original_width":447,"original_height":448},78651,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=170619518","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=170619518\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schulenbergit, Hydrozinkit-29803 1.JPG",{"id":465,"source_url":466,"license_code":308,"credit_html":467,"title":468,"description":445,"author":446,"original_width":447,"original_height":448},78652,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=170619542","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=170619542\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Schulenbergit, Hydrozinkit-29803 2.JPG",[470],{"id":471,"url":472,"label":473,"formula":474,"spacegroup":475,"year":236},6464,"\u002Fcif\u002F6464.cif","Ghose 1964","Zn5 C2 O12 H6","C 1 2\u002Fm 1",[477,478,479,480,481,482,483,484,485,486,487,488],"Cegamit","Cegamite","Earthy Calamine","Hydro-carbonate of zinc","Idrozincit","Marionit","Marionite","Zinc Bloom","Zinconine","Zinconise","Zinkblüte","Zinkblüthe",[490,495,499,503,507,512,517,521,525,529,533,538,542,546,550,553,556,560,564,570,574,577,581,585,589],{"lang":491,"names":492},"ar",[493,494],"هيدروزنسيت","هيدروزنكيت",{"lang":496,"names":497},"ca",[498],"hidrozincita",{"lang":500,"names":501},"cs",[502],"hydrozinkit",{"lang":504,"names":505},"de",[506,487],"Hydrozinkit",{"lang":508,"names":509},"el",[510,511],"Υδροζινκίτης","Υδροψευδαργυρίτης",{"lang":513,"names":514},"es",[515,516],"Flor de cinc","hidrocincita",{"lang":518,"names":519},"et",[520],"hüdrotsinkiit",{"lang":522,"names":523},"eu",[524],"Hidrozincita",{"lang":526,"names":527},"fa",[528],"هیدروزنسیت",{"lang":530,"names":531},"fr",[532,486],"hydrozincite",{"lang":534,"names":535},"it",[536,537],"Fiore di zinco","idrozincite",{"lang":539,"names":540},"ja",[541],"水亜鉛土",{"lang":543,"names":544},"nb",[545],"hydrosinkitt",{"lang":547,"names":548},"nl",[549],"hydrozinkiet",{"lang":551,"names":552},"nn",[545],{"lang":554,"names":555},"oc",[532],{"lang":557,"names":558},"pl",[559],"Hydrocynkit",{"lang":561,"names":562},"ru",[563],"гидроцинкит",{"lang":565,"names":566},"sl",[567,568,569],"cinkov cvet","hidrocinkit","marionit",{"lang":571,"names":572},"sr",[573],"хидрозинцит",{"lang":575,"names":576},"sv",[506],{"lang":578,"names":579},"ta",[580],"ஐதரோசிங்கைட்டு",{"lang":582,"names":583},"uk",[584],"гідроцинкіт",{"lang":586,"names":587},"vi",[588],"Hydrozincit",{"lang":590,"names":591},"zh",[592],"水锌矿","Q77200",{"history":595,"applications":599},{"markdown":596,"model_version":597,"prompt_version":598,"reviewed_at":11},"For most of mining history, hydrozincite had no name of its own. It hid inside *calamine* — the old catch-all term for the non-sulfide zinc ores that miners dug and smelters prized[1]. Calamine was never one mineral. It was a jumble of zinc carbonates and zinc silicates lumped together because they looked alike and yielded the same metal. Until the 18th century, this mixed ore was the only practical route to brass, made by heating copper and calamine together in what was called the cementation process[1].\n\nThe tangle began to unravel in 1803. The British chemist James Smithson showed that what had passed for one ore was really two distinct minerals — a zinc carbonate and a zinc silicate[1]. Those two were later named smithsonite and hemimorphite. Hydrozincite, another zinc carbonate within the calamine family, was still waiting for its own description[2].\n\nThat came in 1853. The German mineralogist Gustav Adolph Kenngott described the mineral from an occurrence at Bad Bleiberg in Carinthia, Austria[3]. He named it for its make-up — water of hydration bound together with zinc. The same year, Kenngott also gave hemimorphite its modern name, helping close the long confusion that calamine had created.\n\nCollectors and miners knew hydrozincite by plainer names too. Its habit of forming pale crusts on weathering zinc ores earned it the nickname *zinc bloom*, and it has also gone by *marionite*[3].","claude-opus-4-8","1.7.0",{"markdown":600,"model_version":597,"prompt_version":598,"reviewed_at":11},"Hydrozincite is a minor ore of zinc[1]. It is never the metal's main source — that role belongs to sphalerite, the zinc sulfide that supplies almost all mined zinc. Where hydrozincite does count is in the weathered upper parts of zinc deposits, the oxidised caps that sit above the sulfide ore. There it forms alongside other non-sulfide zinc minerals and adds to what can be recovered, rather than standing on its own.\n\nIts most reliable use is as a marker in the field and the cabinet. Under ultraviolet light, hydrozincite glows pale blue to lilac[2]. Geologists read that glow as a sign of zinc in a rock, and collectors prize the same fluorescence in display specimens.\n\nA newer, more unexpected role is environmental. The Rio Naracauli is a stream in Sardinia draining old zinc workings. There, hydrozincite precipitates through a process driven by living microbes — a microalga and a cyanobacterium[3]. The mineral locks up roughly 1.2 kilograms of zinc per day, removing close to 90 percent of the metal carried by the water[3]. That capacity has prompted researchers to propose this biomineralization as a way to clean zinc out of mine drainage where the water is near neutral in acidity[3]."]