[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:2007":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":11,"impurities":11,"cim":22,"ima_status":23,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":25,"discovery_year":26,"strunz10ed1":27,"strunz10ed2":19,"strunz10ed3":28,"strunz10ed4":29,"dana8ed1":30,"dana8ed2":31,"dana8ed3":32,"dana8ed4":31,"csystem":33,"cclass":34,"spacegroup":35,"spacegroupset":36,"a":37,"b":38,"c":39,"alpha":40,"beta":41,"gamma":40,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":42,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":43,"tlform":11,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":40,"vhnmax":40,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":44,"dmeas2":44,"dcalc":45,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":11,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":46,"streak":11,"colour":47,"commentcolor":11,"colors":48,"streak_colors":11,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":11,"cleavagetype":11,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":50,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":51,"opticalsign":52,"opticalalpha":53,"opticalalpha2":54,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":55,"opticalbeta2":56,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":57,"opticalgamma2":40,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":40,"opticalomega2":40,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":40,"opticalepsilon2":40,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":40,"opticaln2":40,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":58,"optical2vcalc2":40,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":59,"optical2vmeasured2":60,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":61,"rimax":62,"opticaldispersion":63,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":64,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":65,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":66,"otheroccurrence":67,"type_specimen_store":68,"description_short":69,"aboutname":70,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":71,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":72,"group_members":73,"associates":74,"confused_with":75,"type_localities":76,"occurrence_total":83,"citations":84,"images":194,"structures":228,"synonyms":235,"language_names":239,"wikidata_qid":297,"texts":298},2007,"1:1:2007:3","bd9ac53f-cc3f-452a-be56-99d7079dd930","Ikaite","Ika",0,"mineral",null,276,false,"CaCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>·6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[17,18,19,20],"Ca","O","C","H",[17,18,19,20],"11.4.5",[24],"APPROVED",1963,"1962","5","B","25","15","1","4","Monoclinic",5,10,"C2\u002Fc ","8.87","8.23","11.02","0","110.2",4,"Crystals tabular {001} or pseudomorphous after a rhombohedral carbonate mineral.","1.77","1.833","Translucent","Brown",[49],"brown","fragile","Biaxial","-","1.455","1.460","1.535","1.538","1.545","30","38","45",1.455,1.545,"distinct","Y = b; Z ∧ c = 17°.","Readily dehydrates to calcite above 8 °C.","Forms in cold water near freezing point.","Forms in sea water and lake water in anaerobic, organic-rich periglacial and glaciomarine environments near 0°C, readily converting to calcite at higher temperatures.","n.d.","Readily dehydrates to calcite above 8°C.\r\nThe resulting pseudomorph of calcite after ikaite is also called \"glendonite.\"\r\n\r\nCompare Unnamed (Amorphous Calcium Carbonate).","For the type locality Ikka Fjord, Greenland (formerly spelled Ika).","2025-08-11 12:14:21",[],[],[],[],[77],{"id":78,"txt":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81,"country":82},256595,"Ikka Bund, Ikka Fjord (Ìka), Sermersooq, Greenland",61.2008333,-48.0152778,"Denmark",18,[85,88,91,95,99,103,107,112,116,120,125,130,134,138,142,145,149,152,156,159,164,167,171,175,178,181,185,189],{"id":86,"year":25,"html":87,"doi":11},16051085,"Pauly, H. (1963) “Ikaite”, a new mineral from Greenland. Arctic, 16, 263–264.",{"id":89,"year":25,"html":90,"doi":11},16051086,"Pauly, H. (1963): Ikaite, nyt mineral der danner skaer. Naturens Verdens, 1963, 168-192.",{"id":92,"year":93,"html":94,"doi":11},524047,1964,"Fleischer, Michael (1964) New Mineral Names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  49 (3-4) 439-448 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM49\u002FAM49_439.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":96,"year":97,"html":98,"doi":11},16112721,1970,"Dickens, B. and Brown, W.E. (1970): The crystal structure of calcium carbonate hexahydrate at ~120°C. Inorganic Chemistry, 9, 480–486.",{"id":100,"year":101,"html":102,"doi":11},16112722,1982,"Suess, E., Balzer, W., Hesse, K.-F., Muller, P.J., Ungerer, C.A., and Wefer, G. (1982): Calcium carbonate hexahydrate from organic rich sediments of the Antarctic shelf: precursors of glendonites. Science, 216, 1128–1131.",{"id":104,"year":105,"html":106,"doi":11},16112723,1983,"Hesse, K.-F., Kuppers, H., Suess, E. (1983): Refinement of the structure of Ikaite, CaCO3.6H2O. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 163, 227-231.",{"id":108,"year":109,"html":110,"doi":111},164684,1993,"Bischoff, James L., Fitzpatrick, John A., Rosenbauer, Robert J. (1993) The Solubility and Stabilization of Ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) from 0° to 25°C: Environmental and Paleoclimatic Implications for Thinolite Tufa. \u003Ci>The Journal of Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  101 (1) 21-33 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1086\u002F648194'>doi:10.1086\u002F648194\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1086\u002F648194",{"id":113,"year":109,"html":114,"doi":115},344410,"Bischoff, James L., Stine, Scott, Rosenbauer, Robert J., Fitzpatrick, John A., Stafford, Thomas W. (1993) Ikaite precipitation by mixing of shoreline springs and lake water, Mono Lake, California, USA. \u003Ci>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta\u003C\u002Fi>,  57 (16) 3855-3865 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0016-7037(93)90339-x'>doi:10.1016\u002F0016-7037(93)90339-x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0016-7037(93)90339-x",{"id":117,"year":118,"html":119,"doi":11},16112726,1997,"Buchardt, B., Seaman, P., Stockmann, G., Wilken, M.V.U., Duwel, L., Kristiansen, A., Jenner, C., Whiticar, M. J., Kristensen R.M., Petersen, G.H., and Thorbjorn, L. (1997): Submarine columns of ikaite tufa. Nature, 390, 129–130.",{"id":121,"year":122,"html":123,"doi":124},394362,2001,"Swainson, Ian P., Hammond, Robert P. (2001) Ikaite, CaCO3·6H2O: Cold comfort for glendonites as paleothermometers. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  86 (11) 1530-1533 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2001-11-1223'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2001-11-1223\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2001-11-1223",{"id":126,"year":127,"html":128,"doi":129},2421480,2002,"Tlili, M. M., Amor, M. Ben, Gabrielli, C., Joiret, S., Maurin, G., Rousseau, P. (2002) Characterization of CaCO3 hydrates by micro-Raman spectroscopy. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 33 (1). 10-16 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.806'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.806\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.806",{"id":131,"year":132,"html":133,"doi":11},16964994,2005,"(2005) Ikaite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fikaite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":135,"year":132,"html":136,"doi":137},395189,"Shahar, A. (2005) The stability and Raman spectra of ikaite, CaCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>·6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O, at high pressure and temperature. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  90 (11) 1835-1839 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2005.1783'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2005.1783\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol90\u002FAM90_1835.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2005.1783",{"id":139,"year":140,"html":141,"doi":11},16014698,2008,"Dieckmann, G. S., Nehrke, G., Papadimitriou, S., Göttlicher, J., Steininger, R., Kennedy, H., Wolf-Gladrow, D., and Thomas, D. N. (2008) Calcium carbonate as ikaite crystals in Antarctic sea ice. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L08501.",{"id":143,"year":140,"html":144,"doi":11},16112729,"Frank, T.D., Thomas, S.G., Fielding, C.R. (2008) On using carbon and oxygen isotope data from glendonites as paleoenvironmental proxies: A case study from the Permian system of eastern Australia. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 78, 713-723.",{"id":146,"year":147,"html":148,"doi":11},16112730,2009,"Oehlerich, M.B., Sánchez-Pastor, N., Mayr, C., Kremer, B., Griesshaber, E., Schmahl, W.W., Lücke, A., Ohlendorf, C., Zolitschka, B.  (2009): On the Study of Natural and Synthetic Ikaite Crystals. Macla, 11, 135-136. [http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ehu.es\u002Fsem\u002Fmacla_pdf\u002Fmacla11\u002FMacla11_135.pdf]",{"id":150,"year":147,"html":151,"doi":11},16112739,"Seaman, P., Buchardt, B. (2009): The Ikka Project. http:\u002F\u002Freocities.com\u002FRainForest\u002FVines\u002F1486\u002Fikkap.htm",{"id":153,"year":154,"html":155,"doi":11},16112731,2010,"Dieckmann, G.S., Nehrke, G., Uhlig, C., Gottlicher, J., Gerland, S., Granskog, M.A., Thomas, D.N. (2010): Brief Communication: Ikaite (CaCO3.6H2O) discovered in Arctic sea ice. CRYOSPHERE, 4(2), 227-230.",{"id":157,"year":154,"html":158,"doi":11},16112732,"Žák K., Skála R., Filippi M., Plášil J. (2010): Ikait - málo známý minerál zaledněných jeskyní: výskyt v občasném sezónním zalednění jeskyně Koda (Český kras). Bulletin mineralogicko-petrologického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 18(1), 109-115. [Ikaite on surface of seasonal cave ice formations]",{"id":160,"year":161,"html":162,"doi":163},90573,2014,"TATENO, Natsuki, KYONO, Atsushi (2014) Structural change induced by dehydration in ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) \u003Ci>Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  109 (4) 157-168 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fjmps.140320'>doi:10.2465\u002Fjmps.140320\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp\u002Farticle\u002Fjmps\u002F109\u002F4\u002F109_140320\u002F_pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fjmps.140320",{"id":165,"year":161,"html":166,"doi":11},16112733,"A. E. Milodowski, J. C. Rushton, G. Purser, C. A. Rochelle, S. J. Kemp, R. P. Shaw and M. A. Ellis (2014): The formation of ikaite (CaCO₃·6H₂O) in hyperalkaline springs associated with the leaching of lime kiln waste. Goldschmidt Abstracts, 2014 1697. [https:\u002F\u002Fgoldschmidtabstracts.info\u002Fabstracts\u002FabstractView?id=2014004821]",{"id":168,"year":169,"html":170,"doi":11},16112735,2015,"Boch, R. et al. (2015): Ikaite (CaCO3.6H2O) in a man-made river bed: concrete leaching and hydrochemical alteration. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 161, 24 (abs.).",{"id":172,"year":173,"html":174,"doi":11},16064174,2017,"Field, L.P., Milodowski, A.E., Shaw, R.P., Stevens, L.P., Hall, M.R., Kilpatrick, A., Gunn, J., Kemp, S.J., Ellis, M.A. (2017): Unusual morphologies and the occurrence of pseudomorphs after ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) in fast growing, hyperalkaline speleothems. Mineralogical Magazine 81, 565-589.",{"id":176,"year":173,"html":177,"doi":11},16112736,"Tansman, G. F., Kindstedt, P. S., Hughes, J. M. (2017) Minerals in food: Crystal structures of ikaite and struvite from bacterial smears on washed-rind cheese. Canadian Mineralogist 55, 89-100.",{"id":179,"year":173,"html":180,"doi":11},16112738,"Wikipedia (2017): http:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIkaite [many further references]",{"id":182,"year":183,"html":184,"doi":11},16112740,2021,"Németh, P., Töchterle, P., Dublyansky, Y., Stalder, R., Molnár, Z., Klébert, S., Spötl, C. (2021): Tracing structural relicts of the ikaite-to-calcite transformation in cryogenic cave glendonite. American Mineralogist: 106 (in press).",{"id":186,"year":187,"html":188,"doi":11},16097107,2022,"Stockmann, Gabrielle J., Paul Seaman, Tonci Balic-Zunic, Mark Peternell, Erik Sturkell, Bengt Liljebladh, and Richard Gyllencreutz. (2022) \"Mineral Changes to the Tufa Columns of Ikka Fjord, SW Greenland\" Minerals 12, no. 11: 1430. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin12111430",{"id":190,"year":191,"html":192,"doi":193},18415214,2025,"Stockmann, Gabrielle J.; Rodríguez-Blanco, Juan Diego (2025) Editorial for Special Issue “Research on Ikaite—Natural Occurrences and Synthetic Mineral Precipitation”. \u003Ci>Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  15 (5).  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmin15050524'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmin15050524\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmin15050524",[195,205,212,221],{"id":196,"source_url":197,"license_code":198,"credit_html":199,"title":200,"description":201,"author":202,"original_width":203,"original_height":204},56842,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147324392","CC BY-SA 3.0","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147324392\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomorphose Calcit nach Ikait (OM1-474A).JPG","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPseudomorph\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Pseudomorph\">Pseudormorphosis\u003C\u002Fa> of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">calcite\u003C\u002Fa> to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIkaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ikaite\">ikaite\u003C\u002Fa> (= Glendonite)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Taymyr (Autonomous Okrug), North Siberia, Russia\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Weight: 119.6 g\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","HolDu",4397,3578,{"id":206,"source_url":207,"license_code":198,"credit_html":208,"title":209,"description":201,"author":202,"original_width":210,"original_height":211},56843,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147324393","HolDu, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=147324393\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Pseudomorphose Calcit nach Ikait (OM1-490A).JPG",4064,3296,{"id":213,"source_url":214,"license_code":198,"credit_html":215,"title":216,"description":217,"author":218,"original_width":219,"original_height":220},12119,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441622","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441622\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Calcite-Ikaite-mrz308a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCalcite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Calcite\">Calcite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIkaite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ikaite\">Ikaite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKola_Peninsula\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kola Peninsula\">Kola Peninsula\u003C\u002Fa>, Murmanskaja Oblast', \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorthern_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Northern Region\">Northern Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Russia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2666.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: cabinet, 10.3 x 7.7 x 5.9 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Calcite after Ikaite \"Glendonite\"\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This mineralogical oddball actually features 4.5 cm, orange-brown crystals of calcite (var. glendonite). Although these oddities are admittedly esoteric and hard to explain, visually they can be spectacular, like this one. Ex. Martin Zinn Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",600,507,{"id":222,"source_url":223,"license_code":198,"credit_html":224,"title":225,"description":217,"author":218,"original_width":226,"original_height":227},12120,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441623","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10441623\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Calcite-Ikaite-mrz308b.jpg",400,359,[229],{"id":230,"url":231,"label":232,"formula":233,"spacegroup":234,"year":105},6477,"\u002Fcif\u002F6477.cif","Hesse 1983","Ca C O9 H12","C 1 2\u002Fc 1",[236,237,238],"Ikaiet","IMA1962-005","Pentahydrocalcite",[240,244,248,252,256,260,264,267,272,275,279,283,287,290,293],{"lang":241,"names":242},"ca",[243],"ikaita",{"lang":245,"names":246},"da",[247],"Ikait",{"lang":249,"names":250},"de",[247,251],"IMA 1962-005",{"lang":253,"names":254},"et",[255],"ikaiit",{"lang":257,"names":258},"eu",[259],"Ikaita",{"lang":261,"names":262},"fr",[263],"Ikaïte",{"lang":265,"names":266},"it",[7],{"lang":268,"names":269},"ja",[270,271],"イカアイト","イカ石",{"lang":273,"names":274},"pl",[247],{"lang":276,"names":277},"ru",[278],"икаит",{"lang":280,"names":281},"uk",[282],"Ікаїт",{"lang":284,"names":285},"zh",[286],"六水碳钙石",{"lang":288,"names":289},"zh-cn",[286],{"lang":291,"names":292},"zh-hans",[286],{"lang":294,"names":295},"zh-hant",[296],"六水碳鈣石","Q2252057",{"history":11,"applications":11}]