[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:2217":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":11,"impurities":22,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":27,"discovery_year":28,"strunz10ed1":29,"strunz10ed2":30,"strunz10ed3":31,"strunz10ed4":32,"dana8ed1":33,"dana8ed2":34,"dana8ed3":35,"dana8ed4":35,"csystem":36,"cclass":37,"spacegroup":38,"spacegroupset":39,"a":40,"b":41,"c":42,"alpha":39,"beta":39,"gamma":39,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":43,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":11,"tlform":11,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":39,"vhnmax":39,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":45,"dmeas2":45,"dcalc":46,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":11,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":47,"streak":11,"colour":48,"commentcolor":11,"colors":49,"streak_colors":11,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":11,"cleavagetype":11,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":51,"opticalsign":52,"opticalalpha":53,"opticalalpha2":54,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":55,"opticalbeta2":56,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":57,"opticalgamma2":58,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":39,"opticalomega2":39,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":39,"opticalepsilon2":39,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":39,"opticaln2":39,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":59,"optical2vcalc2":60,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":33,"optical2vmeasured2":39,"optical2vmeasurederror":61,"rimin":62,"rimax":63,"opticaldispersion":64,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":65,"otheroccurrence":66,"type_specimen_store":67,"description_short":68,"aboutname":69,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":70,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":71,"group_members":72,"associates":137,"confused_with":199,"type_localities":201,"occurrence_total":208,"citations":209,"images":268,"structures":279,"synonyms":291,"language_names":295,"wikidata_qid":318,"texts":319},2217,"1:1:2217:6","b6991fbc-1fa0-4d01-a4bd-9a9686c6e715","Kirschsteinite","Kir",0,"mineral",null,29264,104,false,"CaFe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",[17,18,19,20],"Ca","Fe","Si","O",[17,18,19,20],",Ti,Al,Mn,Mg,Na,K,P,H2O,","14.22.4",[25,26],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED",1957,"1957","9","A","C","05","51","3","2","Orthorhombic",8,71,"0","4.859","11.132","6.420",4,5.5,"3.434","3.596","Transparent","greenish",[50],"green","Biaxial","-","1.674","1.693","1.694","1.734","1.706","1.735","16","74",1,1.674,1.735,"r > v or r \u003C v","Melilite-nephelinite lava","Calcareous skarn","Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium, RGM8037; Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.","Olivine Group. Kirschsteinite-Monticellite Series.\r\n\r\nNot too uncommon in Fe-rich slags.\r\nAlso a significant accessory mineral in the angrite group of achondrites (meteorites).","Named in honour of Dr. Egon Baron von Kirschstein, German geologist and a pioneer in the geological exploration of the Virunga volcanic field in North Kivu, in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He died in the events of World War I in East Africa.","2025-12-03 17:23:27",[],[73,80,87,94,102,106,115,122,130],{"id":74,"name":75,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":76,"mindat_formula":77,"hmin":78,"hmax":78,"dmeas":39,"dcalc":79,"primary_image_id":11},9574,"Calcio-olivine","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",4.5,"2.986",{"id":81,"name":82,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":83,"mindat_formula":83,"hmin":84,"hmax":84,"dmeas":85,"dcalc":39,"primary_image_id":86},1458,"Fayalite","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",7,"4.39",8360,{"id":88,"name":89,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":90,"mindat_formula":90,"hmin":84,"hmax":84,"dmeas":91,"dcalc":92,"primary_image_id":93},1584,"Forsterite","Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.275","3.271",29729,{"id":95,"name":96,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":97,"mindat_formula":97,"hmin":98,"hmax":98,"dmeas":99,"dcalc":100,"primary_image_id":101},1708,"Glaucochroite","CaMn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",6,"3.407","3.465",10023,{"id":103,"name":104,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":105,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},494666,"Hinokageite","MnMg(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",{"id":107,"name":108,"entrytype":9,"csystem":109,"ima_formula":110,"mindat_formula":110,"hmin":44,"hmax":111,"dmeas":112,"dcalc":113,"primary_image_id":114},2312,"Laihunite","Monoclinic","(Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>,◻)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",6.5,"3.967","4.11",13856,{"id":116,"name":117,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":118,"mindat_formula":118,"hmin":98,"hmax":111,"dmeas":119,"dcalc":120,"primary_image_id":121},2397,"Liebenbergite","Ni\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","4.92","4.60",14478,{"id":123,"name":124,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":125,"mindat_formula":125,"hmin":126,"hmax":44,"dmeas":127,"dcalc":128,"primary_image_id":129},2768,"Monticellite","CaMg(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",5,"3.03","3.058",13377,{"id":131,"name":132,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":133,"mindat_formula":133,"hmin":98,"hmax":98,"dmeas":134,"dcalc":135,"primary_image_id":136},3913,"Tephroite","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.87","4.15",30817,[138,148,155,162,170,177,182,190],{"id":139,"name":140,"entrytype":9,"csystem":141,"ima_formula":142,"mindat_formula":143,"hmin":144,"hmax":144,"dmeas":145,"dcalc":146,"primary_image_id":147},859,"Calcite","Trigonal","Ca(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","CaCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",3,"2.7102","2.711",4401,{"id":149,"name":150,"entrytype":9,"csystem":109,"ima_formula":151,"mindat_formula":151,"hmin":126,"hmax":98,"dmeas":152,"dcalc":153,"primary_image_id":154},1198,"Cuspidine","Ca\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>F\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.97","2.98",6722,{"id":156,"name":157,"entrytype":9,"csystem":109,"ima_formula":158,"mindat_formula":158,"hmin":44,"hmax":111,"dmeas":159,"dcalc":160,"primary_image_id":161},1294,"Diopside","CaMgSi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.22","3.278",29614,{"id":163,"name":164,"entrytype":9,"csystem":165,"ima_formula":31,"mindat_formula":31,"hmin":61,"hmax":166,"dmeas":167,"dcalc":168,"primary_image_id":169},1740,"Graphite","Hexagonal",2,"2.09","2.26",29804,{"id":171,"name":172,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":173,"mindat_formula":173,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"dmeas":174,"dcalc":175,"primary_image_id":176},3166,"Perovskite","CaTiO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.98","4.02",19105,{"id":178,"name":179,"entrytype":166,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":180,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":39,"dcalc":39,"primary_image_id":181},11105,"Titanium-bearing Augite","(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>",83175,{"id":183,"name":184,"entrytype":9,"csystem":165,"ima_formula":185,"mindat_formula":185,"hmin":186,"hmax":78,"dmeas":187,"dcalc":188,"primary_image_id":189},4029,"Troilite","FeS",3.5,"4.67","4.85",24586,{"id":191,"name":192,"entrytype":9,"csystem":193,"ima_formula":194,"mindat_formula":195,"hmin":78,"hmax":126,"dmeas":196,"dcalc":197,"primary_image_id":198},4323,"Wollastonite","Triclinic","CaSiO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>)","2.86","2.90",28196,[200],{"id":81,"name":82,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":83,"mindat_formula":83,"hmin":84,"hmax":84,"dmeas":85,"dcalc":39,"primary_image_id":86},[202],{"id":203,"txt":204,"latitude":205,"longitude":206,"country":207},4315,"Mount Shaheru, Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo",-1.4833333,29.2333333,"DR Congo",45,[210,214,218,223,227,230,234,239,244,249,254,258,263],{"id":211,"year":27,"html":212,"doi":213},6221349,"Sahama, Th. G., Hytönen, Kai (1957) Kirschsteinite, a natural analogue to synthetic iron monticellite, from the Belgian Congo. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>, 31 (239). 698-699 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1957.31.239.08'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1957.31.239.08\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1957.31.239.08",{"id":215,"year":216,"html":217,"doi":11},523097,1958,"Fleischer, M. (1958) New Mineral Names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  43 (7-8). 790-798 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM43\u002FAM43_790.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":219,"year":220,"html":221,"doi":222},6187,1968,"Wyderko, Marta, Mazanek, Eugeniusz (1968) The mineralogical characteristics of calcium-iron olivines. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  36 (283) 955-961 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1968.283.036.06'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1968.283.036.06\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_36\u002F36-283-955.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1968.283.036.06",{"id":224,"year":225,"html":226,"doi":11},16113948,1970,"Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR (1970): 190: 932-935.",{"id":228,"year":225,"html":229,"doi":11},16152859,"Konev, A.A., Ushchapovskaya, Z.F., and Lebedeva, V.S. (1970) First find of magnesian kirschsteinite in the USSR. Dokl. Acad. Sci.USSR, Earth Sci. Sect., 190, 136-138.",{"id":231,"year":232,"html":233,"doi":11},527836,1983,"Mukhopadhyay, Dilip K.; Lindsley, Donald H. (1983) Phase relations in the join kirschsteinite (CaFeSiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)-fayalite (Fe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>). \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  68 (11-12). 1089-1094 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM68\u002FAM68_1089.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":235,"year":236,"html":237,"doi":238},393317,1995,"Mikouchi, Takashi, Takeda, Hiroshi, Miyamoto, Masamichi, Ohsumi, Kazumasa, McKay, Gordon A. (1995) Exsolution lamellae of kirschsteinite in magnesium-iron olivine from an angrite meteorite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  80 (5) 585-592 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-1995-5-617'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-1995-5-617\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol80\u002FAM80_585.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-1995-5-617",{"id":240,"year":241,"html":242,"doi":243},55,1996,"Chalapathi Rao, N. V., Reed, S. J. B., Pyle, D. M., Beattie, P. D. (1996) Larnitic kirschsteinite from the Kotakonda kimberlite, Andhra Pradesh, India. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  60 (400) 513-516 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1996.060.400.13'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1996.060.400.13\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_60\u002F60-400-513.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1996.060.400.13",{"id":245,"year":246,"html":247,"doi":248},127588,1997,"Folco, Luigi, Mellini, Marcellο (1997) Crystal chemistry of meteoritic kirschsteinite. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  9 (5) 969-974 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F9\u002F5\u002F0969'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F9\u002F5\u002F0969\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F9\u002F5\u002F0969",{"id":250,"year":251,"html":252,"doi":253},331273,1998,"MCKAY, G. A., MIYAMOTO, M., MIKOUCHI, T., OGAWA, T. (1998) The cooling history of the Lewis Cliff 86010 angrite as inferred from kirschsteinite lamellae in olivine. \u003Ci>Meteoritics & Planetary Science\u003C\u002Fi>,  33 (5) 977-983 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1945-5100.1998.tb01704.x'>doi:10.1111\u002Fj.1945-5100.1998.tb01704.x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1111\u002Fj.1945-5100.1998.tb01704.x",{"id":255,"year":256,"html":257,"doi":11},16965313,2001,"(2001) Kirschsteinite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fkirschsteinite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":259,"year":260,"html":261,"doi":262},90225,2008,"MOURI, Takashi, ENAMI, Masaki (2008) Raman spectroscopic study of olivine-group minerals. \u003Ci>Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  103 (2) 100-104 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fjmps.071015'>doi:10.2465\u002Fjmps.071015\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp\u002Farticle\u002Fjmps\u002F103\u002F2\u002F103_071015\u002F_pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fjmps.071015",{"id":264,"year":265,"html":266,"doi":267},244110,2010,"Melluso, L., Conticelli, S., de' Gennaro, R. (2010) Kirschsteinite in the Capo di Bove melilite leucitite lava (cecilite), Alban Hills, Italy. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  74 (5) 887-902 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.2010.074.5.887'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.2010.074.5.887\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.2010.074.5.887",[269],{"id":270,"source_url":271,"license_code":272,"credit_html":273,"title":274,"description":275,"author":276,"original_width":277,"original_height":278},13376,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14866647","CC BY-SA 3.0","Leon Hupperichs, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14866647\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kirschsteinite-111353.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMonticellite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Monticellite\">Kirschsteinite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Harstigen Mine, Pajsberg, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFilipstad\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Filipstad\">Filipstad\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FV%C3%A4rmland\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Värmland\">Värmland\u003C\u002Fa>, Sweden (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3182.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Colourless crystals of Kirschsteinite (analysed). Field of view 5 mm. Specimen and photo Leon Hupperichs.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Leon Hupperichs",759,567,[280,286],{"id":281,"url":282,"label":283,"formula":284,"spacegroup":285,"year":246},7184,"\u002Fcif\u002F7184.cif","Folco 1997 · Ca Fe.77 Mg.22 Si O4","Ca Fe.77 Mg.22 Si O4","P b n m",{"id":287,"url":288,"label":289,"formula":290,"spacegroup":285,"year":246},7185,"\u002Fcif\u002F7185.cif","Folco 1997 · Ca (Fe.69 Mg.31) Si O4","Ca (Fe.69 Mg.31) Si O4",[292,293,294],"Fe-monticellite","Kirschsteiniet","Lime-Iron-Olivine",[296,300,304,308,311,315],{"lang":297,"names":298},"ca",[299],"kirschsteinita",{"lang":301,"names":302},"de",[303],"Kirschsteinit",{"lang":305,"names":306},"eu",[307],"Kirschsteinita",{"lang":309,"names":310},"fr",[7],{"lang":312,"names":313},"he",[314],"קירששטייניט",{"lang":316,"names":317},"it",[7],"Q3815610",{"history":11,"applications":11}]