[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:2312":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":16,"ima_formula":15,"elements":17,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":11,"impurities":22,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":26,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":34,"dana8ed4":35,"csystem":36,"cclass":37,"spacegroup":38,"spacegroupset":39,"a":40,"b":41,"c":42,"alpha":43,"beta":44,"gamma":43,"aerror":45,"berror":46,"cerror":46,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":45,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":47,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":48,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":11,"tlform":11,"hmin":49,"hmax":50,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":51,"vhnmax":52,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":53,"dmeas2":53,"dcalc":54,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":55,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":56,"streak":57,"colour":58,"commentcolor":11,"colors":59,"streak_colors":63,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":64,"cleavagetype":65,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":11,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":43,"opticalalpha2":43,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":43,"opticalbeta2":43,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":43,"opticalgamma2":43,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":43,"opticalomega2":43,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":43,"opticalepsilon2":43,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":43,"opticaln2":43,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":43,"optical2vcalc2":43,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":43,"optical2vmeasured2":43,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":11,"rimax":11,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":66,"opticalpleochorismdesc":67,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":62,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":68,"opticalanisotropism":69,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":70,"industrial":11,"occurrence":71,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":72,"description_short":73,"aboutname":74,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":75,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":76,"group_members":77,"associates":140,"confused_with":141,"type_localities":143,"occurrence_total":47,"citations":148,"images":219,"structures":230,"synonyms":242,"language_names":247,"wikidata_qid":264,"texts":265},2312,"1:1:2312:8","545da2a4-8d53-4b85-978d-7676215b9850","Laihunite","Lai",0,"mineral",null,29264,114,false,"(Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>,◻)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","Also given as \u003Cf>(Fe#2+#^0^.^5[]^0^.^5)Fe#3+#(SiO^4)\u003C\u002Ff>.",[18,19,20],"Fe","Si","O",[18,19,20],",Mg,Ca,","14.19.3",[25],"APPROVED",1976,"1976","9","A","C","05","51","3","1","5","Monoclinic",5,14,"P21\u002Fb ","4.805","10.189","17.403","0","91.0",2,9,12,"Pseudo-orthorhombic",5.5,6.5,"617","833","3.967","4.11","Metallic,Sub-Metallic","Opaque","Brown, light","Dark brown, black",[60,61,62],"black","brown","gray",[61],"Perfect on {100} and {010}, two less perfect ~ perpendicular to {100} and intersecting at 60 degrees","Perfect","Weak","Gray to grayish black.","Anisotropic","weak","Moderately magnetic and electromagnetic","Precambrian metamorphic iron deposit.","n.d.","Olivine Group.\r\nCorresponds to a strongly oxidised, vacancy-bearing fayalite.\r\nThe \"polytypes\" 1M, 2M and 3M seem to be distinct intermediate phases (between laihunite and fayalite) with defined stoichiometries (Xu et al., 2014): 2M has a 1:1 ratio and...","After the type locality, Laihe Fe deposit, near Laihe village, Qianshan District, Anshan Prefecture, Liaoning Province, China.","2025-12-03 17:22:06",[],[78,86,93,100,108,112,119,126,133],{"id":79,"name":80,"entrytype":9,"csystem":81,"ima_formula":82,"mindat_formula":83,"hmin":84,"hmax":84,"dmeas":43,"dcalc":85,"primary_image_id":11},9574,"Calcio-olivine","Orthorhombic","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",4.5,"2.986",{"id":87,"name":88,"entrytype":9,"csystem":81,"ima_formula":89,"mindat_formula":89,"hmin":90,"hmax":90,"dmeas":91,"dcalc":43,"primary_image_id":92},1458,"Fayalite","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",7,"4.39",8360,{"id":94,"name":95,"entrytype":9,"csystem":81,"ima_formula":96,"mindat_formula":96,"hmin":90,"hmax":90,"dmeas":97,"dcalc":98,"primary_image_id":99},1584,"Forsterite","Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.275","3.271",29729,{"id":101,"name":102,"entrytype":9,"csystem":81,"ima_formula":103,"mindat_formula":103,"hmin":104,"hmax":104,"dmeas":105,"dcalc":106,"primary_image_id":107},1708,"Glaucochroite","CaMn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",6,"3.407","3.465",10023,{"id":109,"name":110,"entrytype":9,"csystem":81,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":111,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},494666,"Hinokageite","MnMg(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",{"id":113,"name":114,"entrytype":9,"csystem":81,"ima_formula":115,"mindat_formula":115,"hmin":49,"hmax":49,"dmeas":116,"dcalc":117,"primary_image_id":118},2217,"Kirschsteinite","CaFe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.434","3.596",13376,{"id":120,"name":121,"entrytype":9,"csystem":81,"ima_formula":122,"mindat_formula":122,"hmin":104,"hmax":50,"dmeas":123,"dcalc":124,"primary_image_id":125},2397,"Liebenbergite","Ni\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","4.92","4.60",14478,{"id":127,"name":128,"entrytype":9,"csystem":81,"ima_formula":129,"mindat_formula":129,"hmin":37,"hmax":49,"dmeas":130,"dcalc":131,"primary_image_id":132},2768,"Monticellite","CaMg(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.03","3.058",13377,{"id":134,"name":135,"entrytype":9,"csystem":81,"ima_formula":136,"mindat_formula":136,"hmin":104,"hmax":104,"dmeas":137,"dcalc":138,"primary_image_id":139},3913,"Tephroite","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.87","4.15",30817,[],[142],{"id":87,"name":88,"entrytype":9,"csystem":81,"ima_formula":89,"mindat_formula":89,"hmin":90,"hmax":90,"dmeas":91,"dcalc":43,"primary_image_id":92},[144],{"id":145,"txt":146,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":147},5811,"Laihe Fe deposit, Qianshan District, Anshan, Liaoning, China","China",[149,152,155,159,163,167,171,176,179,183,186,191,196,201,205,209,214],{"id":150,"year":26,"html":151,"doi":11},16114502,"Laihunite Research Group, Guiyang Institute of Geochemistry, Academia Sinica and 101 Geological Team of Liaoning, Metallurgical and Geological Prospecting Company (1976): Laihunite - a new iron silicate mineral. Geochimica 1976(2), 95-103 (in Chinese with English abstract).",{"id":153,"year":26,"html":154,"doi":11},16114503,"X-ray Laboratory, Guiyang Institute of Geochemistry, Academica Sinica (1976): The crystal structure of laihunite. Geochimica 1976(2), 104-6 (in Chinese with English abstract).",{"id":156,"year":157,"html":158,"doi":11},526943,1977,"Fleischer, Michael, Pabst, Adolf, Mandarino, J. A., Chao, George Y. (1977) New mineral names. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  62 (9-10) 1057-1061 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM62\u002FAM62_1057.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":160,"year":161,"html":162,"doi":11},16114505,1982,"Shen Buming, Osamu Tamada, Masao Kitamura, and Nobuo Morimoto (1982): Superstructure of laihunite Fe(2+)0.5Fe(3+)1.0SiO4. Scientia Geologica Sinica 1982(3), 341-42 (in Chinese with English abstract).",{"id":164,"year":165,"html":166,"doi":11},16114506,1983,"Tamada, O., Shen, B., Morimoto, N. (1983): The crystal structure of laihunite ([]0.40Fe2+0.80Fe3+0.80SiO4) - nonstoichiometric olivine-type mineral. Mineralogical Journal 11, 382-391.",{"id":168,"year":169,"html":170,"doi":11},527878,1984,"Kitamura, Masao, Shen, Buming, Banno, Shohei, Morimoto, Nobuo (1984) Fine textures of laihunite, a nonstoichiometric distorted olivine-type mineral. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  69 (1-2) 154-160 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM69\u002FAM69_154.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":172,"year":173,"html":174,"doi":175},81711,1985,"SUENO, Shigeho, MATSUURA, Shigeru, PREWIIT, C. T. (1985) Fe–deficient olivine structure type minerals from Colorado, U. S. A. and Japan. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Journal\u003C\u002Fi>,  12 (8) 376-392 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fminerj.12.376'>doi:10.2465\u002Fminerj.12.376\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fminerj.12.376",{"id":177,"year":173,"html":178,"doi":11},528126,"Kondoh, Shinji, Kitamura, Masao, Morimoto, Nobuo (1985) Synthetic laihunite ([ ]xFe2+2-3xFe3+2xSiO4), an oxidation product of olivine. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  70 (7-8) 737-746 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM70\u002FAM70_737.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":180,"year":181,"html":182,"doi":11},16114510,1986,"Zou Bensan and Guo Kexin (1986): HREM study of Laihenite [sic]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica 6(3), 217-219 (in Chinese with English abstract). [Abs. in: American Mineralogist (1986), 71, 1455-1460].",{"id":184,"year":181,"html":185,"doi":11},16114511,"Shen, B., Tamada, O., Kitamura, M., Morimoto, N. (1986) Superstructure of laihunite-3M ([]0.40Fe2+0.80Fe3+0.80SiO4), American Mineralogist 71, 1455-1460.",{"id":187,"year":188,"html":189,"doi":190},152283,1995,"Khisina, N.R., Khramov, D.A., Kolosov, M.V., Kleschev, A.A., Taylor, Lawrence A. (1995) Formation of ferriolivine and magnesioferrite from Mg-Fe-olivine: Reactions and kinetics of oxidation. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  22 (4). 284 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00202257'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00202257\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00202257",{"id":192,"year":193,"html":194,"doi":195},152381,1996,"Khisina, N.R., Khramov, D.A., Kleschev, A.A., Rusakov, V.S. (1996) Mössbauer spectroscopy data on oxidation kinetics of Mg-Fe-olivine. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  23 (4-5). 241-250 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00207770'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00207770\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00207770",{"id":197,"year":198,"html":199,"doi":200},127640,1998,"Khisina, Natalia R., Khramov, Dmitry A., Kleschev, Anatοly A., Langer, Klaus (1998) Laihunitization as a mechanism of olivine oxidation. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  10 (2) 229-238 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F10\u002F2\u002F0229'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F10\u002F2\u002F0229\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F10\u002F2\u002F0229",{"id":202,"year":198,"html":203,"doi":204},393721,"Dyar, M., Delaney, Jeremy S., Sutton, Stephen R., Schaffer, Martha W. (1998) Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup> distribution in oxidized olivine: a synchrotron micro-XANES study. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  83 (11-12 Part 1). 1361-1365 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-1998-11-1227'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-1998-11-1227\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol83\u002FAM83_1361.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-1998-11-1227",{"id":206,"year":207,"html":208,"doi":11},16965473,2001,"(2001) Laihunite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Flaihunite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":210,"year":211,"html":212,"doi":213},90480,2012,"TOMIOKA, Naotaka, MORLOK, Andreas, KOIKE, Chiyoe, KÖHLER, Melanie, GRADY, Monica (2012) Laihunite in planetary materials: An FTIR and TEM study of oxidized synthetic and meteoritic Fe-rich olivine. \u003Ci>Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  107 (4). 157-166 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fjmps.120409'>doi:10.2465\u002Fjmps.120409\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp\u002Farticle\u002Fjmps\u002F107\u002F4\u002F107_120409\u002F_pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fjmps.120409",{"id":215,"year":216,"html":217,"doi":218},397529,2014,"Xu, H., Shen, Z., Konishi, H., Fu, P., Szlufarska, I. (2014) Crystal structures of laihunite and intermediate phases between laihunite-1M and fayalite: Z-contrast imaging and ab initio study. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  99 (5) 881-889 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2014.4691'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2014.4691\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2014.4691",[220],{"id":221,"source_url":222,"license_code":223,"credit_html":224,"title":225,"description":226,"author":227,"original_width":228,"original_height":229},13856,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181856379","CC BY 4.0","David Hospital, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181856379\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Laihunite.jpg","Black crystals of the rare Fe silicate mineral laihunite from Japan (Kamitaga, Atami City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Honshu Island, Japan). Ex Vandenbroucke Museum collection from Waregem, Belgium.","David Hospital",693,545,[231,237],{"id":232,"url":233,"label":234,"formula":235,"spacegroup":236,"year":181},7415,"\u002Fcif\u002F7415.cif","Shen 1986","Fe4.74 Si3 O12","P 21\u002Fb 1 1",{"id":238,"url":239,"label":240,"formula":241,"spacegroup":236,"year":26},7416,"\u002Fcif\u002F7416.cif","Ferrifayalite 1976","Fe5 Si4 O16",[243,244,245,246],"Ferrifayalit","Ferrifayalita","Ferrifayalite","Laihuniet",[248,252,256,260],{"lang":249,"names":250},"ca",[251],"laihunita",{"lang":253,"names":254},"de",[255],"Laihunit",{"lang":257,"names":258},"eu",[259],"Laihunita",{"lang":261,"names":262},"it",[7,263],"Laihunite-1M","Q1445390",{"history":11,"applications":11}]