[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:2357":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":16,"ima_formula":17,"elements":18,"sigelements":26,"key_elements":11,"impurities":27,"cim":28,"ima_status":29,"ima_notes":31,"ima_history":33,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":34,"strunz10ed1":35,"strunz10ed2":36,"strunz10ed3":37,"strunz10ed4":38,"dana8ed1":39,"dana8ed2":40,"dana8ed3":41,"dana8ed4":42,"csystem":43,"cclass":44,"spacegroup":45,"spacegroupset":46,"a":47,"b":46,"c":46,"alpha":46,"beta":46,"gamma":46,"aerror":48,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":49,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":50,"twinning":51,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":52,"tlform":53,"hmin":54,"hmax":55,"hardtype":48,"vhnmin":46,"vhnmax":46,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":56,"dmeas2":57,"dcalc":58,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":49,"commentdense":59,"lustre":11,"lustretype":60,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":61,"streak":62,"colour":63,"commentcolor":64,"colors":65,"streak_colors":68,"luminescence":11,"uv":70,"cleavage":71,"cleavagetype":72,"fracturetype":73,"tenacity":74,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":75,"opticalsign":11,"opticalalpha":46,"opticalalpha2":46,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":46,"opticalbeta2":46,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":46,"opticalgamma2":46,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":46,"opticalomega2":46,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":46,"opticalepsilon2":46,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":76,"opticaln2":77,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":46,"optical2vcalc2":46,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":46,"optical2vmeasured2":46,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":11,"rimax":11,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":78,"opticalcomments":79,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":80,"occurrence":81,"otheroccurrence":82,"type_specimen_store":83,"description_short":84,"aboutname":85,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":86,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":87,"group_members":88,"associates":148,"confused_with":191,"type_localities":192,"occurrence_total":199,"citations":200,"images":339,"structures":608,"synonyms":640,"language_names":647,"wikidata_qid":818,"texts":819},2357,"1:1:2357:9","e927d6d5-4642-409a-b046-b9dc7c05ea85","Lazurite","Lzr",0,"mineral",null,29220,4626,false,"Na\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(S\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Often there is minor K substituting for Na.\r\nThe IMA used to take the ideal formula with S as the dominant anion and not sulfate, from Hassan et al. (1985), but even that reference indicates that sulfate is dominant, making lazurite either a sulfide rich variety of \u003Cm>haüyne\u003C\u002Fm> or just a theoretical end-member of a series with \u003Cm>haüyne\u003C\u002Fm>. To deal with this problem the IMA, based on the work of Sapozhnikov et al. (2021), now only requires just more than a quarter of the cages to contain the \u003Cf>(S^3)#-1#\u003C\u002Ff> blue colorant. While the formula was formerly given as Na\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>,S,S\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>,S\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>,Cl,OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> has now been redefined to \u003Cf>Na^7Ca(Al^6Si^6O^24)(SO^4)(S^3)#1-#.H^2O\u003C\u002Ff>","Na\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(S\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csup>1-\u003C\u002Fsup> · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",[19,20,21,22,23,24,25],"Al","Ca","Na","Si","O","S","H",[19,20,21,22,23,24,25],"Fe,Mg,K,H2O","17.9.1",[30],"APPROVED",[32],"REDEFINED","Based on [[1| Brögger, W.C., Bäckström, H., 1891]] the name lazurite was grandfathered by the IMA who later gave it Hassan's ideal formula, Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>S [[2|Hassan et al., 1985]]. The data used by Hassan all came from \u003Cm>haüyne\u003C\u002Fm>s with approximately Na\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>,S,Cl,OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> as no sulfide-dominant mineral required by Hassan's formula had been observed. \r\n\r\nThe situation was similar to \u003Cm>sodalite\u003C\u002Fm> and \u003Cm>hackmanite\u003C\u002Fm> defined as a sulfur dominant \u003Cm>sodalite\u003C\u002Fm> which was never found. In \u003Cm>sodalite\u003C\u002Fm>, Cl is the dominant cage filler and such an ideal \u003Cm>hackmanite\u003C\u002Fm> would have S as the cage filler. Though S readily substitutes for Cl in \u003Cm>sodalite\u003C\u002Fm>, no sulfide-dominant species was ever observed. On that basis, \u003Cm>hackmanite\u003C\u002Fm> was never approved, avoiding the approval of a hypothetical mineral. Before the 2021 redefinition, the situation was reversed with lazurite and \u003Cm>haüyne\u003C\u002Fm>. What was commonly called lazurite, all had dominant SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> and were sulfide-rich \u003Cm>haüyne\u003C\u002Fm>s, just as all \u003Cm>hackmanite\u003C\u002Fm>s were sulfide-rich \u003Cm>sodalite\u003C\u002Fm>s. Now \u003Cm>hackmanite\u003C\u002Fm> is defined as a reversible photochromic variety of \u003Cm>sodalite\u003C\u002Fm>.\r\n\r\nThe redefinition of lazurite as \u003Cm>haüyne\u003C\u002Fm> with just more than a quarter of its cages containing sulfide is due to acceptance of the proposal 20-H (Newsletter #60). The neotype specimen originates from the Malo-Bystrinskoe \u003Cm>lazurite\u003C\u002Fm> deposit, Baikal Lake area, eastern Siberia, Russia, and was published by Sapozhnikov et al. (2021).","1890","9","F","B","10","76","2","3","4","Isometric",30,212,"0","9.087",3,1,"Has monoclinic (Lazurite-C) and orthorhombic polytypes (Lazurite-O). The latter was originally thought to be triclinic. An orthorhombic variant was a approved as Vladimirivanovite; another is UM1976-26-SiOSO:AlCaClHNa. (In)commensurately modulated green lazurite from Baffin Island (Hassan et al., 1985) and Ladjuar Medan (F. Camara, priv. comm. 2009) both have a cell edge of 9.05 A; see also Sapozhnikov et al. (1992) and Bolotina (2007) and references therein.","None observed","Dodecahedrons, cubes, granular, disseminated, massive.","Velvet Lazurite of Sapozhnikov et al (2021)",5,5.5,"2.38","2.45","2.4","Variable density results from varible sodalite cage contents","Resinous","Opaque","Bright blue for lazurite, white for the small cell hauynes.","Ultramarine, midnight blue, bluish green, green","Ultramarine to midnight blue are the usual gem colours. The chromofore is the trisulfide radical anion (S3#-1#). \r\nModulated translucent blue and green small cell hauynes with a white streak have been wrongly called lazurite and do not have enough S3- to deaden the fluorescence.\r\n\r\n Lapis lazuli color is divided into four grades: Fancy, Fancy Intense, Fancy Deep, and Fancy Dark. Sulfur is the primary chromophore in lapis lazuli, and it occurs in multiple valence states and chemical forms. The UV-Vis spectra show that all samples exhibit a broad absorption band around 600 nm in the visible region, with some samples also displaying a weak absorption peak at 400 nm. The broad absorption band at 600 nm is attributable to [S3]·−,  Combined spectroscopic evidence identifies [S3]·− as the key chromophore driving the blue color change: its delocalized negative charge enables electronic transitions that produce the complex absorption peak near 600 nm, while a weak absorption band near 400 nm is attributable to S2− and SO2−4 species. Only the broad absorption band at 600 nm exhibits a significant correlation with lapis lazuli’s colorimetric parameters. [[2]]",[66,67],"blue","green",[66,69],"white","The opaque ultramarine and midnight blue Lazurites are not fluorescent. The translucent green and blue hauynes have an orange brown fluorescence under Long Wave UV.","Imperfect on {110}","Imperfect\u002FFair","Sub-Conchoidal","brittle","Isotropic","1.502","1.522","slight (neotype): α' = 1.523(2), γ' = 1.525(2).","Anomalously anisotropic.","The blue mineral in Lapis Lazuli, an ornamental stone","The Malo-Bystrinskoe lazurite gem deposit, Baikal Lake area, Eastern Siberian region, Russia.","Contact metamorphic mineral in marble and skarns. Also in some syenites and alkaline volcanics.","Neotype:  In the collection of the Sidorov Mineralogical Museum (INRTU), Lermontova St. 83, Irkutsk 664074, Rus-sia, registration number MMU\u002FMF 27914.","Lazurite was originally described as the blue component of the 'gemstone' (or, more usually, decorative rock) lapis lazuli, which is a “lazurite”-calcite-pyrite rock that has been mined as a gem material for some 9,000 years. Dana (System of Mineralogy...","From the Persian \"Lazhward\" for \"blue\". Also for its dark blue colour resemblance to \u003Cm>azurite\u003C\u002Fm>. Both lazurite and \u003Cm>azurite\u003C\u002Fm> derive from \"Lazhward\".\r\n\r\nDana (System of Mineralogy, 1868) considered \u003Cm>lapis lazuli\u003C\u002Fm> to be the dark blue mineral in the \u003Cm>lazulite\u003C\u002Fm>-\u003Cm>calcite\u003C\u002Fm> rock of the same name, but it was renamed lazurite in 1891 [[1| Brögger W.C., Bäckström, H., 1891]].","2026-01-10 15:41:56",[],[89,96,103,111,117,125,131,140],{"id":90,"name":91,"entrytype":9,"csystem":43,"ima_formula":92,"mindat_formula":93,"hmin":54,"hmax":54,"dmeas":94,"dcalc":95,"primary_image_id":11},55759,"Bolotinaite","(Na\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>◻)(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)F · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Na\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>◻)(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)F·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.27","2.291",{"id":97,"name":98,"entrytype":9,"csystem":43,"ima_formula":99,"mindat_formula":99,"hmin":55,"hmax":100,"dmeas":101,"dcalc":46,"primary_image_id":102},1833,"Haüyne","Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",6,"2.44",10942,{"id":104,"name":105,"entrytype":9,"csystem":43,"ima_formula":106,"mindat_formula":107,"hmin":55,"hmax":55,"dmeas":108,"dcalc":109,"primary_image_id":110},2936,"Nosean","Na\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.3","2.21",17893,{"id":112,"name":113,"entrytype":9,"csystem":43,"ima_formula":114,"mindat_formula":114,"hmin":55,"hmax":55,"dmeas":115,"dcalc":116,"primary_image_id":11},55543,"Sapozhnikovite","Na\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)(HS)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.25","2.255",{"id":118,"name":119,"entrytype":9,"csystem":120,"ima_formula":121,"mindat_formula":122,"hmin":55,"hmax":55,"dmeas":123,"dcalc":124,"primary_image_id":11},55752,"Slyudyankaite","Triclinic","Na\u003Csub>28\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>96\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(S\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>1\u002F3\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>28\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>96\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(S\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>1\u002F3\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.46","2.454",{"id":126,"name":127,"entrytype":9,"csystem":43,"ima_formula":128,"mindat_formula":128,"hmin":55,"hmax":100,"dmeas":94,"dcalc":129,"primary_image_id":130},3701,"Sodalite","Na\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl","2.31",22539,{"id":132,"name":133,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":135,"mindat_formula":136,"hmin":100,"hmax":100,"dmeas":137,"dcalc":138,"primary_image_id":139},4034,"Tsaregorodtsevite","Orthorhombic","N(CH\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiAl)O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>","(N(CH\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(AlSi\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>)","2.04","2.01",24628,{"id":141,"name":142,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":143,"mindat_formula":144,"hmin":54,"hmax":55,"dmeas":145,"dcalc":146,"primary_image_id":147},41155,"Vladimirivanovite","Na\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>[Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>](SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>,S\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>,S\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>,Cl)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>,S\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>,S\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>,Cl)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.48","2.436",27543,[149,158,167,168,175,184],{"id":150,"name":151,"entrytype":9,"csystem":152,"ima_formula":153,"mindat_formula":154,"hmin":48,"hmax":48,"dmeas":155,"dcalc":156,"primary_image_id":157},859,"Calcite","Trigonal","Ca(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","CaCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.7102","2.711",4401,{"id":159,"name":160,"entrytype":9,"csystem":161,"ima_formula":162,"mindat_formula":162,"hmin":55,"hmax":163,"dmeas":164,"dcalc":165,"primary_image_id":166},1294,"Diopside","Monoclinic","CaMgSi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>",6.5,"3.22","3.278",29614,{"id":97,"name":98,"entrytype":9,"csystem":43,"ima_formula":99,"mindat_formula":99,"hmin":55,"hmax":100,"dmeas":101,"dcalc":46,"primary_image_id":102},{"id":169,"name":170,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":171,"mindat_formula":171,"hmin":100,"hmax":100,"dmeas":172,"dcalc":173,"primary_image_id":174},1947,"Humite","Mg\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.20","3.201",29894,{"id":176,"name":177,"entrytype":9,"csystem":161,"ima_formula":178,"mindat_formula":179,"hmin":180,"hmax":180,"dmeas":181,"dcalc":182,"primary_image_id":183},2815,"Muscovite","KAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","KAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(AlSi\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",2.5,"2.77","2.83",30243,{"id":185,"name":186,"entrytype":9,"csystem":43,"ima_formula":187,"mindat_formula":187,"hmin":100,"hmax":163,"dmeas":188,"dcalc":189,"primary_image_id":190},3314,"Pyrite","FeS\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.8","5.01",20239,[],[193],{"id":194,"txt":195,"latitude":196,"longitude":197,"country":198},2748,"Malo-Bystrinskoe lazurite deposit, Malaya Bystraya River Valley, Slyudyanka, Russia",51.621944,103.411944,"Russia",33,[201,205,209,212,217,221,225,229,234,238,242,247,251,255,259,264,267,271,276,281,285,289,293,297,301,305,309,313,317,321,325,329,334],{"id":202,"year":203,"html":204,"doi":11},16114918,1869,"Fischer, H. (1869) \u003Cem>[Resultate seiner microscopisch-mineralogischen studien]\u003C\u002Fem>. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Mineralogie 1869, 344-347.",{"id":206,"year":207,"html":208,"doi":11},16114919,1873,"Zirkel, Ferdinand (1873) Die mikroskopische Beschaffenheit der Mineralien und Gesteine. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, page 165.",{"id":210,"year":207,"html":211,"doi":11},16114920,"Vogelsang, Hermann (1873) \u003Cem>Über die natürlichen ultramarin-verbindungen.\u003C\u002Fem> Med. Akad., Amsterdam, v. 7, p. 161. (See also \"Über die natürlichen Ultramarin-Verbindungen\", Max Cohen & Sohn, Bonn, pp. 39.",{"id":213,"year":214,"html":215,"doi":216},101918,1891,"Brögger, W. C., Bäckström, H. (1891) Die Mineralien der Granatgruppe. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Krystallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  18 (1). 209-276 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1891.18.1.209'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1891.18.1.209\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1891.18.1.209",{"id":218,"year":219,"html":220,"doi":11},16114922,1938,"Voskoboinikova, N. (1938) \u003Cem>The mineralogy of the Slyudyanka deposits of lazurite.\u003C\u002Fem> Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 67: 601-622 (in Russian).",{"id":222,"year":223,"html":224,"doi":11},16114923,1976,"Hogarth, D.D. and Griffin, W.L. (1976) \u003Cem>New data on lazurite.\u003C\u002Fem> Lithos: 9: 39-54.",{"id":226,"year":227,"html":228,"doi":11},16114924,1979,"Sapozhnikov, A.N., Ivanov, V.G., Kashaev, A.A. (1979): New data on a triclinic modification of lazurite. Kristallokhim. Strukt. Mineral. 1979, 48-54 (in Russian).",{"id":230,"year":231,"html":232,"doi":233},16114925,1985,"Hassan, I.; Peterson, R. C.; Grundy, H. D. (1985) The structure of lazurite, ideally Na\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)S\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>, a member of the sodalite group. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications\u003C\u002Fi>,  41 (6). 827-832 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0108270185005662'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0108270185005662\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0108270185005662",{"id":235,"year":236,"html":237,"doi":11},16114926,1990,"Sapozhnikov, A.N. (1990): Identification of additional reflections on the X-ray powder diffraction patterns of lazurite based on a study of its structural modulation. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 119(1): 110-116 (in Russian).",{"id":239,"year":240,"html":241,"doi":11},16114927,1991,"American Mineralogist (1991): 76: 1734.",{"id":243,"year":244,"html":245,"doi":246},13253272,1992,"Sapozhnikov, A.N.; Vasil'ev, E.K.; Bayliss, P. (1992) On Indexing X-Ray Diffraction Powder Patterns of Cubic Lazurites with an Incommensurate-Modulated Structure. \u003Ci>Powder Diffraction\u003C\u002Fi>,  7 (3). 134-136 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1017\u002Fs0885715600018479'>doi:10.1017\u002Fs0885715600018479\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1017\u002Fs0885715600018479",{"id":248,"year":249,"html":250,"doi":11},16114929,1993,"American Mineralogist (1993): 78: 849.",{"id":252,"year":253,"html":254,"doi":11},16965536,2001,"(2001) Lazurite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Flazurite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":256,"year":257,"html":258,"doi":11},16114930,2002,"Rastsvetaeva, R.K., Bolotina, N.B., Sapozhnikov, A.N., Kashaev, A.A., Schoenleber, A. and Chapuis, G. (2002): Crystallography Reports, 47, 404-407. [sample from from the Malo-Bystrinskoe deposit; formula given as Na\u003Csub>6.34\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>1.66\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)((SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>0.88\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>1.26\u003C\u002Fsub>)]",{"id":260,"year":261,"html":262,"doi":263},611462,2003,"Bolotina, N. B., Rastsvetaeva, R. K., Sapozhnikov, A. N., Kashaev, A. A., Schöenleber, A., Chapuis, G. (2003) Three-dimensionally modulated incommensurate crystal structure of lazurite from the Baikal region. \u003Ci>Crystallography Reports\u003C\u002Fi>,  48 (1) 8-11 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1134\u002F1.1541734'>doi:10.1134\u002F1.1541734\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1134\u002F1.1541734",{"id":265,"year":261,"html":266,"doi":11},16114931,"Tauson, V.L. and Sapozhnikov, A.N. (2003) \u003Cem>Nature of lazurite coloration.\u003C\u002Fem> Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 132(5): 102-107.",{"id":268,"year":269,"html":270,"doi":11},16114933,2004,"Bolotina, N. B.; Rastsvetaeva, R. K.; Chapuis, G.; Schoenleber, A.; Sapozhnikov, A. N.; Kashaev, A. A. (2004): On the symmetry of optically isotropic modulated lazurites from the Baikal region. Ferroelectrics: 305: 95-98.",{"id":272,"year":273,"html":274,"doi":275},64194,2005,"Fleet, M. E.; Liu, X.; Harmer, S. L.; Nesbitt, H. W. (2005) Chemical state of sulfur in natural and synthetic lazurite by S K-edge XANES and X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  43 (5). 1589-1603 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.43.5.1589'>doi:10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.43.5.1589\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fcm\u002Fvol43\u002FCM43_1589.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2113\u002Fgscanmin.43.5.1589",{"id":277,"year":278,"html":279,"doi":280},615660,2006,"Bolotina, N. B., Rastsvetaeva, R. K., Sapozhnikov, A. N. (2006) Average structure of incommensurately modulated monoclinic lazurite. \u003Ci>Crystallography Reports\u003C\u002Fi>,  51 (4) 589-595 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1134\u002Fs1063774506040080'>doi:10.1134\u002Fs1063774506040080\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1134\u002Fs1063774506040080",{"id":282,"year":278,"html":283,"doi":284},676053,"Aleksandrov, S. M., Senin, V. G. (2006) Genesis and composition of lazurite in magnesian skarns. \u003Ci>Geochemistry International\u003C\u002Fi>,  44 (10) 976-988 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1134\u002Fs001670290610003x'>doi:10.1134\u002Fs001670290610003x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1134\u002Fs001670290610003x",{"id":286,"year":278,"html":287,"doi":288},615970,"Bolotina, N. B. (2006) Isotropic lazurite: A cubic single crystal with an incommensurate three-dimensional modulation of the structure. \u003Ci>Crystallography Reports\u003C\u002Fi>,  51 (6) 968-976 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1134\u002Fs106377450606006x'>doi:10.1134\u002Fs106377450606006x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1134\u002Fs106377450606006x",{"id":290,"year":291,"html":292,"doi":11},16114938,2007,"Bolotina, N. (2007): Forms and origin of structure modulation in lazurites. Philosophical Magazine: 87: 2679-2685.",{"id":294,"year":295,"html":296,"doi":11},16114939,2010,"Kaneva, E. V.; Cherepanov, D. I.; Suvorova, L. F.; Sapozhnikov, A. N.; Levitskii, V. I. (2010): Orthorhombic lazurite from the Tultui deposit (Baikal region). Zapiski Rossiiskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 139: 95-101 (in Russian).",{"id":298,"year":299,"html":300,"doi":11},16114940,2012,"Tauson, V.L., Goettlicher, J., Sapozhnikov, A.N., Mangold, S., Lustenberg, E.E. (2012): Sulphur speciation in lazurite-type minerals (Na,Ca)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>[Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>](SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>,S)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> and their annealing products: a comparative XPS and XAS study. European Journal of Mineralogy: 24: 133-152.",{"id":302,"year":303,"html":304,"doi":11},12910270,2014,"Woodside, R. M., Moore, Thomas P. (2014) Famous mineral localities: The Sar-e-Sang lapis mines, Kuran Wa Munjan district, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan. \u003Ci>The Mineralogical Record\u003C\u002Fi>, 45 (3) 280-336",{"id":306,"year":307,"html":308,"doi":11},16114942,2020,"pubs.geoscienceworld.org (2020) \u003Ca target='_blank' rel='nofollow' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.geoscienceworld.org\u002Feurjmin\u002Farticle-abstract\u002F24\u002F1\u002F133\u002F69613\u002Fsulphur-speciation-in-lazurite-type-minerals-na-ca?redirectedFrom=fulltext'>https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.geoscienceworld.org\u002Feurjmin\u002Farticle-abstract\u002F24\u002F1\u002F133\u002F69613\u002Fsulphur-speciation-in-lazurite-type-minerals-na-ca?redirectedFrom=fulltext\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":310,"year":311,"html":312,"doi":11},16114944,2021,"Sapozhnikov, A.N., Chukanov, N.V., Shendrik, R.Yu., Vigasina, M.F., Tauson, V.L., Lipko, S.V., Belakovskiy, D.I., Levitskii, V.I., Suvorova, L.F., Ivanova, L.A. (2021): Lazurite: validation as a mineral species and new data. Zapiski RMO: 150: 92-102.",{"id":314,"year":311,"html":315,"doi":316},16114943,"Sapozhnikov, Anatoly N.; Tauson, Vladimir L.; Lipko, Sergey V.; Shendrik, Roman Yu.; Levitskii, Valery I.; Suvorova, Lyudmila F.; Chukanov, Nikita V.; Vigasina, Marina F. (2021) On the crystal chemistry of sulfur-rich lazurite, ideally Na\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(S\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csup>–\u003C\u002Fsup>·nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  106 (2). 226-234 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2020-7317'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2020-7317\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2020-7317",{"id":318,"year":319,"html":320,"doi":11},16111543,2023,"Farsang, Stefan, Caracas, Razvan, Adachi, Takuji BM, Schnyder, Cédric, Zajacz, Zoltán (2023) S2- and S3- radicals and the S4- polysulfide ion in lazurite, haüyne, and synthetic ultramarine blue revealed by resonance Raman spectroscopy. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  108 (12) 2234-2243",{"id":322,"year":319,"html":323,"doi":324},15826011,"Bolotina, Nadezhda B., Sapozhnikov, Anatoly N., Chukanov, Nikita V., Vigasina, Marina F. (2023) Structure Modulations and Symmetry of Lazurite-Related Sodalite-Group Minerals. \u003Ci>Crystals\u003C\u002Fi>, 13 (5) 768 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fcryst13050768'>doi:10.3390\u002Fcryst13050768\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fcryst13050768",{"id":326,"year":319,"html":327,"doi":328},16630845,"Chivers, Tristram, Oakley, Richard T. (2023) Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of Polysulfide Radical Anions: A Theoretical Perspective. \u003Ci>Molecules\u003C\u002Fi>,  28 (15). 5654 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmolecules28155654'>doi:10.3390\u002Fmolecules28155654\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fmolecules28155654",{"id":330,"year":331,"html":332,"doi":333},19289000,2025,"Ma, Xiaorui; Huang, Xu; Guo, Ying; Jia, Zhili; Jia, Shuo (2025) Colorimetry Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Sulfur-Rich Lapis Lazuli. \u003Ci>Crystals\u003C\u002Fi>,  15 (12).  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fcryst15121035'>doi:10.3390\u002Fcryst15121035\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3390\u002Fcryst15121035",{"id":335,"year":336,"html":337,"doi":338},19434022,2026,"Tauson, Vladimir L.; Sapozhnikov, Anatoly N.; Lipko, Sergey V.; Mikhlin, Yuri L.; Danilov, Boris S.; Shendrik, Roman Yu.; Sofich, Dmitry O.; Arsentev, Kirill Yu.; Belozerova, Olga Yu. (2026) Spectroscopic and physicochemical study of the color grain-size effect in lazurite-type minerals. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  111 (1). 47-59 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2024-9656'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2024-9656\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2024-9656",[340,350,357,365,370,378,387,391,400,405,415,419,429,439,448,455,464,473,479,488,497,506,515,523,532,540,548,555,563,570,579,586,594,602],{"id":341,"source_url":342,"license_code":343,"credit_html":344,"title":345,"description":346,"author":347,"original_width":348,"original_height":349},14175,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6275681","CC BY-SA 4.0","Didier Descouens, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=6275681\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lazurite.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLazurite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lazurite\">Lazurite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality : Sar-e-Sang District, Koksha Valley (Kokscha; Kokcha), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBadakhshan_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Badakhshan Province\">Badakhshan (Badakshan; Badahsan) Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Afghanistan.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Didier Descouens",4454,5398,{"id":351,"source_url":352,"license_code":353,"credit_html":354,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":355,"original_height":356},30065,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115183","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F115183\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,727,{"id":358,"source_url":359,"license_code":360,"credit_html":361,"title":362,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":363,"original_height":364},64001,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=41218","CC BY-SA 3.0","Unknown author, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=41218\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lapis lazuli block.jpg",673,1197,{"id":366,"source_url":367,"license_code":353,"credit_html":368,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":355,"original_height":369},30066,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F113489","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F113489\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",666,{"id":371,"source_url":372,"license_code":373,"credit_html":374,"title":375,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":376,"original_height":377},64002,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=658576","Public domain","Unknown author, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=658576\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Natural ultramarine pigment.jpg",450,375,{"id":379,"source_url":380,"license_code":360,"credit_html":381,"title":382,"description":383,"author":384,"original_width":385,"original_height":386},14177,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17398199","Guy Courtois, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17398199\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lapis Lazuli from Afghanistan.jpg","Lapis Lazuli from Afganistan\nSold in Bangkok - Thailand","Guy Courtois",1936,2592,{"id":388,"source_url":389,"license_code":353,"credit_html":390,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":355,"original_height":369},30067,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F119825","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F119825\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":392,"source_url":393,"license_code":343,"credit_html":394,"title":395,"description":396,"author":397,"original_width":398,"original_height":399},14178,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=94086537","HappyDonkey64, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=94086537\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lapis Lazuli at Natural History Museum Washington D.C.jpg","Image of lapis lazuli display at museum found in Afghanistan.\n\u003Cp>Caption Reads:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\"Lapis Lazuli has been an important source of blue pigment in many cultures...\"","HappyDonkey64",4032,3024,{"id":401,"source_url":402,"license_code":353,"credit_html":403,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":355,"original_height":404},30068,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F33643","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F33643\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",740,{"id":406,"source_url":407,"license_code":408,"credit_html":409,"title":410,"description":411,"author":412,"original_width":413,"original_height":414},64004,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=3415430","CC BY-SA 2.5","Hannes Grobe, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=3415430\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lapis-lazuli hg.jpg","Lapis lazuli with pyrite. Afghanistan.","Hannes Grobe",1958,1679,{"id":416,"source_url":417,"license_code":353,"credit_html":418,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":355,"original_height":369},30069,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F109641","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F109641\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":420,"source_url":421,"license_code":422,"credit_html":423,"title":424,"description":425,"author":426,"original_width":427,"original_height":428},64005,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=21862385","CC BY 3.0","No machine-readable author provided. Adam Ognisty assumed (based on copyright claims)., via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=21862385\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","1Lapis lazuli.jpeg","Lapis lazuli, polerowane bryłki","No machine-readable author provided. Adam Ognisty assumed (based on copyright claims).",1024,768,{"id":430,"source_url":431,"license_code":432,"credit_html":433,"title":434,"description":435,"author":436,"original_width":437,"original_height":438},64007,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84626329","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84626329\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lazurite in pyritic marble (Badakhshan, Afghanistan) (49166882696).jpg","\u003Cp>Lazurite in pyritic marble from the Precambrian of Afghanistan. (public display, Seaman Mineral Museum, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 5500 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The rock seen here is pyritic marble - it's a contact metamorphic marble of Precambrian age from Afghanistan's Hindu Kush Mountains.  The blue crystals are lazurite, the whitish-gray material is calcite, and the brassy gold areas are pyrite.  Lazurite is one of several silicate minerals called \"feldspathoids\".  Feldspathoids are chemically similar to the feldspars, but they have far less silica (SiO2) and end up enriched in sodium and\u002For potassium (typically).  Lazurite is a rare feldspathoid that is famous for its blue coloration.  It has the moderately complex chemical formula (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2 - sodium calcium aluminosilicate-sulfate-sulfide-chloride.  Lazurite has a nonmetallic luster, is blue to slightly purplish blue in color, and has a hardness of about 5 to 5.5.  Lazurite tends to occur in contact metamorphic rocks.  Sometimes, lazurite is a rock-forming mineral and forms \"lapis lazuli\" (see: <a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002Falbums\u002F72157646941999842\">https:\u002F\u002Fwww.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002Falbums\u002F72157646941999842\u003C\u002Fa>\">www.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002Falbums\u002F72157646941999842<\u002Fa>).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Geology: Sar-e-Sang Deposit (~1 to 8 meter thick & ~20 to 450 meter long, north-south trending veins, lenses, and layers of retrograde and\u002For metasomatic lazurite and lapis lazuli occurring irregularly in whitish, high-pressure, amphibolite- to granulite-grade marbles\u002Fcalciphyres adjacent to alaskite granite & pegmatite & mafic dike intrusions), marble member of the Sakhi Formation (at least 400 meters thick), Sanglich Group, Sar-e-Sang Series, Neoarchean to lower Paleoproterozoic (?), metamorphism at 2.4 to 2.7 Ga (metamorphic date from Pamir, Tajikhistan)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Sar-e-Sang Mines, ~1500 feet above river water level, Sar-e-Sang Mining District, above the near-lowermost stretch of the Sar-e-Sang River (= west-flowing tributary of the Kokcha River), 5 kilometer stretch on the eastern side of the Kokcha River between the town of Koran-o-Munjan (to the south) & the village of Robat-e-Payan (to the north), ~100 kilometers south-southeast of Fayzabad, Kokcha River Valley, northern flanks of the western Hindu-Kush Mountains, northern Kuran Wa Munjan District, southern Badakhshan Province, northeastern Afghanistan (location of Sar-e-Sang Mine adits: approximately 36° 12.2’ to 36° 14.14’ North latitude & 70° 47.85’ to 70° 48.63’ East longitude)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of lazurite:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=2357\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=2357\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">www.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=2357<\u002Fa>","James St. John",1683,1908,{"id":440,"source_url":441,"license_code":343,"credit_html":442,"title":443,"description":444,"author":445,"original_width":446,"original_height":447},64008,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=88345703","掬茶, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=88345703\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lazurite displayed at Mining Museum of Akita University.jpg","Lazurite displayed at Mining Museum of Akita University","掬茶",2400,1800,{"id":449,"source_url":450,"license_code":343,"credit_html":451,"title":452,"description":453,"author":454,"original_width":399,"original_height":398},64011,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=109981900","Kplans, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=109981900\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lapis lazuli, Smithsonian Objects of Wonder.jpg","Large lapis lazuli specimen as seen at the National Museum of Natural History 2021 'Objects of Wonder' exhibit. This particular piece weighs over 100kg (about 250lbs).","Kplans",{"id":456,"source_url":457,"license_code":343,"credit_html":458,"title":459,"description":460,"author":461,"original_width":462,"original_height":463},64012,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=123029632","Filip Kubálek, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=123029632\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lapislazuli.jpg","Lapis lazuli from Pakistan","Filip Kubálek",4624,2604,{"id":465,"source_url":466,"license_code":343,"credit_html":467,"title":468,"description":469,"author":470,"original_width":471,"original_height":472},64014,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157540679","W.carter, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157540679\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tumble-polished lapis lazuli 1.jpg","Tumble-polished lapis lazuli. Displayed on an upside-down drinking glass (for size). Studio photography in Vibble, Visby, Gotland, Sweden.","W.carter",1280,1037,{"id":474,"source_url":475,"license_code":343,"credit_html":476,"title":477,"description":469,"author":470,"original_width":471,"original_height":478},64015,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157540680","W.carter, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=157540680\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Tumble-polished lapis lazuli 2.jpg",960,{"id":480,"source_url":481,"license_code":353,"credit_html":482,"title":483,"description":484,"author":485,"original_width":486,"original_height":487},64020,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=168133348","Animalculum, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=168133348\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lazurite, Musee de Mineralogie, Paris, 2025.jpg","Lazurite from Afghanistan in Musee de Mineralogie, Paris","Animalculum",2379,3095,{"id":489,"source_url":490,"license_code":360,"credit_html":491,"title":492,"description":493,"author":494,"original_width":495,"original_height":496},63990,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10156994","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10156994\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lazurite-195604.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLazurite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lazurite\">Lazurite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sar-e-Sang District, Koksha Valley (Kokscha; Kokcha), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBadakhshan_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Badakhshan Province\">Badakhshan (Badakshan; Badahsan) Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Afghanistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-11.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.5 x 5.5 x 2.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A sharp, 1.8 cm, dark royal-blue lazurite crystal perched atop contrasting white marble matrix and nicely accented by smaller lazurites from the Type Locality - Sar-e-Sang, Afghanistan. The large crystal has textbook crystal form, is complete all-around and is undamaged.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",400,376,{"id":498,"source_url":499,"license_code":360,"credit_html":500,"title":501,"description":502,"author":503,"original_width":504,"original_height":505},14176,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15064506","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15064506\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lazurite, mica var. phlogopite et pyrite (Afghanistan).jpg","cristaux de lazurite, cristaux de mica var. phlogopite et cristaux de pyrite","Parent Géry",3696,2848,{"id":507,"source_url":508,"license_code":343,"credit_html":509,"title":510,"description":511,"author":512,"original_width":513,"original_height":514},14179,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132634053","Eric Polk, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=132634053\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lazurite in calcite NHMLA.png","Sample of lazurite in calcite collected from Kokcha River, Badakhashan, Afghanistan. On display at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California.","Eric Polk",2151,1774,{"id":516,"source_url":517,"license_code":432,"credit_html":518,"title":519,"description":520,"author":436,"original_width":521,"original_height":522},64019,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=161256682","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=161256682\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lapis lazuli (lazuritic metamorphite) (Sar-e-Sang Deposit, Sakhi Formation, Precambrian, 2.4-2.7 Ga (?); Sar-e-Sang Mining District, Hindu-Kush Mountains, Afghanistan) 15.jpg","Lapis lazuli (lazuritic metamorphite) from the Precambrian of Afghanistan. (~2.8 centimeters across at its widest)\n\u003Cp>Blue = lazurite\nWhitish = calcite\nBrassy gold specks = pyrite\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Lapis lazuli is a beautiful and rare metamorphic rock that's been valued as a gemstone for thousands of years.  The highest-quality lapis lazuli deposit on Earth is in northeastern Afghanistan.  The name \"lapis lazuli\" is Latin and Persian for “heaven stone”, or “sky stone”, or “blue stone”.  Lapis lazuli is dominated by the deep-blue mineral lazurite, which is a sodalite-group feldspathoid - (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2.  Commonly, whitish calcite (CaCO3) and brassy-colored pyrite (FeS2) are present.  Lazurite is one of the most intensely-blue mineral known.  The intensity of the blue color in lazurite has been attributed to the sulfur and calcium content.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Lapis lazuli is known from elsewhere in the world, but northeastern Afghanistan is the classic locality, where it has been reportedly mined for at least 7000 years.  In ancient times, lapis lazuli was referred to as “sapphire”.  Pliny the Elder's 37-volume work Naturalis Historiae (\"Natural History\"), written in the ~70s A.D., refers to Afghani lapis lazuli as “sappiri”, and notes that it has glistening dots of gold in it - see his book 37.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Afghani lapis lazuli comes from the Sar-e-Sang Deposit, a ~1 to 8 meter thick and ~20 to 450 meter long occurrence consisting of north-south trending veins, lenses, and layers of lapis lazuli within marble.  Stratigraphically, this is the Precambrian-aged Sakhi Formation.  The lapis lazuli rocks in this area formed under complex metamorphic conditions, apparently including high-grade, prograde metamorphism and retrograde metamorphism (Turner & Groat, 2022).  Precursor rocks were limestones and evaporites.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The lapis lazuli mines of northeastern Afghanistan are some of the most difficult-to-access localities in the world, occurring along steep slopes of deeply carved, narrow river canyons in the Hindu-Kush Mountains.  The Sar-e-Sang Mining District occurs about 1500 feet above the water level of the Sar-e-Sang River (a west-flowing tributary of the Kokcha River).  Mine access is only via narrow foot trails.  Regarding this area, British Army Lieutenant John Wood famously said in 1837: “If you do not wish to die, avoid the Valley of Kokcha.”\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Stratigraphy: marble member, Sakhi Formation, Anglich Group, Sar-e-Sang Series, Late Archean to early Paleoproterozoic (?), ~2.4 to 2.7 Ga metamorphic date (the chronometric age comes from dating inferred correlative rocks in Pamir in adjacent Tajikhistan)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Geologic context: eastern limb of the Kokcha Anticline, Fayzabad Metamorphic Massif, South Badakhshan Block\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Sar-e-Sang Mining District, above the lowermost reaches of the Sar-e-Sang River, northern Kuran Wa Munjan District, southern Badakhshan Province, northern flanks of the western Hindu-Kush Mountains, northeastern Afghanistan (the Sar-e-Sang Mine adits are apparently in the vicinity of 36° 12.2’ to 36° 14.14’ North latitude, 70° 47.85’ to 70° 48.63’ East longitude)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Reference cited:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nTurner, D. & L.E. Groat.  2022.  Geology and Mineralogy of Gemstones.  American Geophysical Union & John Wiley and Sons, Incorporated.  Washington D.C. & Hoboken, New Jersey.  268 pp.",1823,1315,{"id":524,"source_url":525,"license_code":343,"credit_html":526,"title":527,"description":528,"author":529,"original_width":530,"original_height":531},64021,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=180411649","Марися Лебідь, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=180411649\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Лазурит у Мінералогічному музеї імені Євгена Лазаренка.jpg","Minerals in Yevhen Lazarenko Mineralogical Museum","Марися Лебідь",4080,3060,{"id":533,"source_url":534,"license_code":432,"credit_html":535,"title":536,"description":537,"author":436,"original_width":538,"original_height":539},21695,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84626919","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=84626919\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lazurite after scapolite (Sar-e-Sang Mines, Kokcha Valley, Badakhshan, Afghanistan) (30141933700).jpg","\u003Cp>Lazurite after scapolite from Afghanistan.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties.  At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical.  Currently, there are over 5500 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common.  Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry.  Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals.  All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry.  \"Silica\" refers to SiO2 chemistry.  The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4.  Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens \"belong\" to each silicon.  The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Lazurite is one of several silicate minerals called \"feldspathoids\".  Feldspathoids are chemically similar to the feldspars, but they have far less silica (SiO2) and end up enriched in sodium and\u002For potassium (typically).  Lazurite is a rare feldspathoid that is famous for its blue coloration.  It has the moderately complex chemical formula (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2 - sodium calcium aluminosilicate-sulfate-sulfide-chloride.  Lazurite has a nonmetallic luster, is blue to slightly purplish blue in color, and has a hardness of about 5 to 5.5.  Lazurite tends to occur in contact metamorphic rocks.  Sometimes, lazurite is a rock-forming mineral and forms \"lapis lazuli\" (see: <a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002Falbums\u002F72157646941999842\">https:\u002F\u002Fwww.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002Falbums\u002F72157646941999842\u003C\u002Fa>\">www.flickr.com\u002Fphotos\u002Fjsjgeology\u002Falbums\u002F72157646941999842<\u002Fa>).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The specimen shown above consists of blue-colored lazurite pseudomorphs after scapolite.  Pseudomorphs are minerals that have replaced other minerals, while retaining the crystal shape of the original mineral.  Scapolite is a sodium calcium chloro-aluminosilicate mineral ((Na,Ca)4(Al3Si9O24)Cl).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: Sar-e-Sang Mines, ~1500 feet above river water level, Sar-e-Sang Mining District, above the near-lowermost stretch of the Sar-e-Sang River (= west-flowing tributary of the Kokcha River), 5 kilometer stretch on the eastern side of the Kokcha River between the town of Koran-o-Munjan (to the south) & the village of Robat-e-Payan (to the north), ~100 kilometers south-southeast of Fayzabad, Kokcha River Valley, northern flanks of the western Hindu-Kush Mountains, northern Kuran Wa Munjan District, southern Badakhshan Province, northeastern Afghanistan (location of Sar-e-Sang Mine adits: approximately 36° 12.2’ to 36° 14.14’ North latitude & 70° 47.85’ to 70° 48.63’ East longitude)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Photo gallery of lazurite:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n<a href=\"\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=2357\">http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=2357\u003C\u002Fa>\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow\">www.mindat.org\u002Fgallery.php?min=2357<\u002Fa>",2028,1260,{"id":541,"source_url":542,"license_code":360,"credit_html":543,"title":544,"description":545,"author":494,"original_width":546,"original_height":547},31433,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10160345","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10160345\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Afghanite-Lazurite-208889.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAfghanite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Afghanite\">Afghanite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLazurite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lazurite\">Lazurite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sar-e-Sang District, Koksha Valley (Kokscha; Kokcha), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBadakhshan_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Badakhshan Province\">Badakhshan (Badakshan; Badahsan) Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Afghanistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-11.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.8 x 2.8 x 1.9 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A lustrous, sharp, hexagonal, 2.3 cm, curved afghanite crystal perched atop marble matrix, which itself is on pyrite-speckled lazurite. The afghanite has classic azure-blue color. One end is nicely terminated, while the other is contacted. Sar-e-Sang is the Type Locality for both afghanite and lazurite. It is uncommon to see both species on the same specimen.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",700,600,{"id":549,"source_url":550,"license_code":360,"credit_html":551,"title":552,"description":553,"author":503,"original_width":554,"original_height":505},31437,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17975509","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17975509\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lazurite, afghanite et pyrite sur calcite (Sar-e-Sang, Koksha Valley, Badakshan - Afghanistan).jpg","afghanite,  haüyne, haüyne var. lazurite, pyrite, calcite : Ladjuar Medam (Lajur Madan ; Lapis-lazuli Mine) Sar-e-Sang District, Koksha Valley (Kokscha Valley ; Kokcha Valley), Badakhshan Province (Badakshan Province ; Badahsan Province), Afghanistan",3944,{"id":556,"source_url":557,"license_code":360,"credit_html":558,"title":559,"description":560,"author":503,"original_width":561,"original_height":562},31438,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17975513","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17975513\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lazurite, afghanite et pyrite sur calcite (Sar-e-Sang, Koksha Valley, Badakshan - Afghanistan) 1.jpg","lazurite, afghanite, pyrite",3852,2799,{"id":564,"source_url":565,"license_code":360,"credit_html":566,"title":567,"description":553,"author":503,"original_width":568,"original_height":569},31439,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17975515","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17975515\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lazurite, afghanite et pyrite sur calcite Sar-e-Sang, Koksha Valley, Badakshan - Afghanistan) 2.jpg",3313,2630,{"id":571,"source_url":572,"license_code":343,"credit_html":573,"title":574,"description":575,"author":576,"original_width":577,"original_height":578},68621,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44575508","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44575508\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Morganite, cleavelandite, schorl, quartz, lazurite 7100.4914.jpg","beryl var. morganite, albite var. cleavelandite, tourmaline var. schorl, quartz, lazurite : Kunar Mine, Kunar Valley, Konar Province (Kunar Province, Konarh Province, Konarha Province),  Afghanistan","Géry PARENT",1996,1517,{"id":580,"source_url":581,"license_code":343,"credit_html":582,"title":583,"description":575,"author":576,"original_width":584,"original_height":585},68622,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44575510","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44575510\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Morganite, cleavelandite, schorl, quartz, lazurite 7100.4919.jpg",1994,1344,{"id":587,"source_url":588,"license_code":360,"credit_html":589,"title":590,"description":591,"author":503,"original_width":592,"original_height":593},73827,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17975514","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17975514\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lazurite et phlogopite sur calcite (Sar-e-Sang, Koksha Valley, Badakshan - Afghanistan) 2.jpg","lazurite, pyrite, mica var. phlogopite, calcite : Sar-e-Sang (Sar Sang ; Sary Sang), Koksha Valley (Kokscha Valley ; Kokcha Valley), Khash & Kuran Wa Munjan Districts, Badakhshan Province (Badakshan Province ; Badahsan Province),  Afghanistan",3804,2470,{"id":595,"source_url":596,"license_code":360,"credit_html":597,"title":598,"description":599,"author":576,"original_width":600,"original_height":601},73829,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=25206157","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=25206157\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Phlogopite, lazurite, calcite 6.jpeg","mica var. phlogopite, lazurite, calcite : Sar-e Sang (Sar Sang ; Sary Sang), Koksha Valley (Kokscha Valley ; Kokcha Valley), Khash & Kuran Wa Munjan Districts, Badakhshan Province (Badakshan Province ; Badahsan Province), Afghanistan",3666,2765,{"id":603,"source_url":604,"license_code":360,"credit_html":605,"title":606,"description":591,"author":503,"original_width":607,"original_height":505},73831,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=32213396","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=32213396\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lazurite, pyrite, phlogopite, calcite 300-4-4974.JPG",4288,[609,615,622,629,635],{"id":610,"url":611,"label":612,"formula":613,"spacegroup":614,"year":257},7555,"\u002Fcif\u002F7555.cif","Rastsvetaeva 2002","Na3.172 Ca.828 (Si3 Al3) S1.022 O13.76 Cl.048","P 2 3",{"id":616,"url":617,"label":618,"formula":619,"spacegroup":620,"year":621},7556,"\u002Fcif\u002F7556.cif","Evsyunin 1998","Na9.77 Ca2 K.17 Si9.25 Al8.75 S2.88 O44.32 Cl.18","P n a a",1998,{"id":623,"url":624,"label":625,"formula":626,"spacegroup":627,"year":628},7557,"\u002Fcif\u002F7557.cif","Evsyunin 1997","Na28 Ca4 Si24 Al24 S8.49 O119","P 1",1997,{"id":630,"url":631,"label":632,"formula":633,"spacegroup":634,"year":231},7558,"\u002Fcif\u002F7558.cif","Hassan 1985 · Na3.12 Ca.8 Mg.36 Al2.97 Si3.03 O15.12 S","Na3.12 Ca.8 Mg.36 Al2.97 Si3.03 O15.12 S","P -4 3 n",{"id":636,"url":637,"label":638,"formula":639,"spacegroup":634,"year":231},7559,"\u002Fcif\u002F7559.cif","Hassan 1985 · Na3.48 Ca.6 Al2.91 Si3.09 O11.52 S","Na3.48 Ca.6 Al2.91 Si3.09 O11.52 S",[641,642,643,644,645,646],"Cyaneus","Lasurite (of Brogger)","Lasurstein","Lazurite (of Dana)","Sapphis (of Agricola)","Ultramarine",[648,652,656,660,664,668,671,674,677,681,684,688,692,695,699,703,707,710,714,718,722,725,729,733,736,741,744,748,752,755,759,763,766,769,772,775,778,782,785,788,791,795,799,802,805,808,811,814],{"lang":649,"names":650},"ast",[651],"Lazurita",{"lang":653,"names":654},"az",[655],"Lazurit",{"lang":657,"names":658},"be",[659],"лазурыт",{"lang":661,"names":662},"bg",[663],"Лазурит",{"lang":665,"names":666},"ca",[667],"latzurita",{"lang":669,"names":670},"cs",[655],{"lang":672,"names":673},"cv",[663],{"lang":675,"names":676},"da",[655],{"lang":678,"names":679},"de",[680],"Lasurit",{"lang":682,"names":683},"de-ch",[680],{"lang":685,"names":686},"eo",[687],"lazurito",{"lang":689,"names":690},"es",[691],"lazurita",{"lang":693,"names":694},"eu",[651],{"lang":696,"names":697},"fa",[698],"لازوریت",{"lang":700,"names":701},"fi",[702],"latsuriitti",{"lang":704,"names":705},"fr",[706],"lazurite",{"lang":708,"names":709},"gl",[651],{"lang":711,"names":712},"he",[713],"לזוריט",{"lang":715,"names":716},"hu",[717],"lazurit",{"lang":719,"names":720},"hy",[721],"Լազուրիտ",{"lang":723,"names":724},"it",[706],{"lang":726,"names":727},"ja",[728],"青金石",{"lang":730,"names":731},"ka",[732],"ლაზურიტი",{"lang":734,"names":735},"kk",[663],{"lang":737,"names":738},"ko",[739,740],"라주라이트","천람석",{"lang":742,"names":743},"ky",[663],{"lang":745,"names":746},"lt",[747],"lazuritas",{"lang":749,"names":750},"lv",[751],"lazurīts",{"lang":753,"names":754},"mk",[663],{"lang":756,"names":757},"nb",[758],"lasuritt",{"lang":760,"names":761},"nl",[762],"lazuriet",{"lang":764,"names":765},"nn",[758],{"lang":767,"names":768},"oc",[651],{"lang":770,"names":771},"pt",[691],{"lang":773,"names":774},"pt-br",[651],{"lang":776,"names":777},"ro",[655],{"lang":779,"names":780},"ru",[781],"лазурит",{"lang":783,"names":784},"sl",[717],{"lang":786,"names":787},"sr",[781],{"lang":789,"names":790},"sv",[680],{"lang":792,"names":793},"tr",[794,655],"lapis lazuli",{"lang":796,"names":797},"ug",[798],"لازۇرىت",{"lang":800,"names":801},"uk",[781],{"lang":803,"names":804},"uz",[655],{"lang":806,"names":807},"zh",[728],{"lang":809,"names":810},"zh-cn",[728],{"lang":812,"names":813},"zh-hant",[728],{"lang":815,"names":816},"zh-tw",[817,728],"天青石","Q10914750",{"history":11,"applications":11}]