[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:2379":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":15,"ima_formula":14,"elements":16,"sigelements":20,"key_elements":11,"impurities":21,"cim":22,"ima_status":23,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":26,"strunz10ed1":27,"strunz10ed2":28,"strunz10ed3":29,"strunz10ed4":30,"dana8ed1":31,"dana8ed2":32,"dana8ed3":33,"dana8ed4":33,"csystem":34,"cclass":35,"spacegroup":36,"spacegroupset":37,"a":38,"b":39,"c":40,"alpha":37,"beta":37,"gamma":37,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":41,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":42,"tlform":11,"hmin":43,"hmax":43,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":37,"vhnmax":37,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":44,"dmeas2":45,"dcalc":46,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":47,"lustretype":48,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":49,"streak":50,"colour":51,"commentcolor":11,"colors":52,"streak_colors":56,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":57,"cleavagetype":58,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":59,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":60,"opticalsign":61,"opticalalpha":62,"opticalalpha2":37,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":63,"opticalbeta2":37,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":64,"opticalgamma2":37,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":37,"opticalomega2":37,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":37,"opticalepsilon2":37,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":37,"opticaln2":37,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":65,"optical2vcalc2":37,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":66,"optical2vmeasured2":37,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":67,"rimax":68,"opticaldispersion":69,"opticalpleochroism":70,"opticalpleochorismdesc":71,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":72,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":73,"opticalanisotropism":70,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":74,"aboutname":75,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":76,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":77,"group_members":82,"associates":83,"confused_with":92,"type_localities":100,"occurrence_total":105,"citations":106,"images":369,"structures":487,"synonyms":516,"language_names":523,"wikidata_qid":626,"texts":627},2379,"1:1:2379:1","d90172fa-4482-4965-a73c-a0c92433b690","Lepidocrocite","Lpc",0,"mineral",null,4677,false,"Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>O(OH)","Previously γ-Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>O(OH).",[17,18,19],"Fe","O","H",[17,18,19],",Mn,,","7.20.8",[24,25],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1813","4","F","E","15","6","1","2","Orthorhombic",6,21,"0","3.07","12.54","3.88",4,"Flattened scales {010} and slightly elongated [100]. {010} sometimes striated [100]. Single crystals attached by an edge to matrix; aggregated into palmate or plumose groups. Loose rosettes; massive, bladed to fibrous or micaceous. Fibrous varieties elongated [100].",5,"4.05","4.13","3.96","Sub-metallic","Sub-Metallic","Transparent","Orange","Deep red, red-brown",[53,54,55],"red","orange","yellow",[54],"{010}; {100} less perfect; {001} good.","Perfect","brittle","Biaxial","-","1.94","2.2","2.51","84","83",1.94,2.51,"relatively weak","Strong","X = b = clear yellow\r\nY = c = dark red-orange\r\nZ = a = darker red-orange","Gray-white","Anisotropic","Dimorphous with goethite.\r\n\r\nMay be a component of limonite.\r\n\r\nNote: The red inclusions in many quartz crystals, often labelled by sellers as \"lepidocrocite\", are in fact normally hematite. We are unaware of any analytically confirmed red, translucent...","From the Greek λεπίς, scale, and κροκη, thread, in allusion to the occasional palmate or plumose aggregates.","2026-04-30 17:03:21",[78],{"id":79,"name":80,"entrytype":81,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":11,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":37,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},8743,"Hydrolepidocrocite",2,[],[84],{"id":85,"name":86,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":87,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":43,"hmax":88,"dmeas":89,"dcalc":90,"primary_image_id":91},1719,"Goethite","FeO(OH)",5.5,"4.27","4.18",29787,[93,99],{"id":94,"name":95,"entrytype":9,"csystem":96,"ima_formula":14,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":37,"dcalc":97,"primary_image_id":98},1484,"Feroxyhyte","Hexagonal","4.20",8503,{"id":85,"name":86,"entrytype":9,"csystem":34,"ima_formula":87,"mindat_formula":14,"hmin":43,"hmax":88,"dmeas":89,"dcalc":90,"primary_image_id":91},[101],{"id":102,"txt":103,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":104},801,"Zlaté Hory, Jeseník District, Olomouc Region, Czech Republic","Czech Republic",627,[107,111,116,120,125,129,134,139,144,148,153,157,161,165,170,174,179,183,188,192,197,202,207,211,216,220,225,229,234,239,243,247,252,257,261,266,271,275,280,285,289,294,298,302,306,310,314,318,323,328,333,337,342,346,350,355,360,364],{"id":108,"year":109,"html":110,"doi":11},16115078,1919,"Posnjak, E., Merwin, H.E. (1919) The hydrated ferric oxides. American Journal of Science: 47: 311-348.",{"id":112,"year":113,"html":114,"doi":115},1992280,1935,"Ewing, F. J. (1935) The Crystal Structure of Lepidocrocite. \u003Ci>The Journal of Chemical Physics\u003C\u002Fi>,  3 (7) 420-424 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1063\u002F1.1749692'>doi:10.1063\u002F1.1749692\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1063\u002F1.1749692",{"id":117,"year":118,"html":119,"doi":11},1118651,1944,"Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.",{"id":121,"year":122,"html":123,"doi":124},400583,1946,"Orcel, Jean (1946) Caractères microscopiques de la lépidocrocite en lumière polarisée réfléchie. \u003Ci>Bulletin de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fi>,  69 (1) 42-46 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1946.4607'>doi:10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1946.4607\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1946.4607",{"id":126,"year":127,"html":128,"doi":11},522084,1951,"Kulp, J. Laurence, Trites, Albert F. (1951) Differential thermal analysis of natural hydrous ferric oxides. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  36 (1-2) 23-44 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM36\u002FAM36_23.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":130,"year":131,"html":132,"doi":133},16701567,1953,"BROWN, G. (1953) THE OCCURRENCE OF LEPIDOCROCITE IN SOME BRITISH SOILS. \u003Ci>Journal of Soil Science\u003C\u002Fi>,  4 (2) 220-228 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2389.1953.tb00655.x'>doi:10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2389.1953.tb00655.x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2389.1953.tb00655.x",{"id":135,"year":136,"html":137,"doi":138},16591626,1962,"Schwarzmann, Einhard (1962) Zusammenhang zwischen OH‐Valenzfrequenzen und OH…OH‐ bzw. OH…OH‐Abständen in festen Hydroxiden. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie\u003C\u002Fi>,  317 (3-4). 176-185 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fzaac.19623170305'>doi:10.1002\u002Fzaac.19623170305\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fzaac.19623170305",{"id":140,"year":141,"html":142,"doi":143},562091,1967,"De Villiers, J. M., van Rooyen, T. H. (1967) Solid solution formation of lepidocrocite-boehmite and its occurrence in soil. \u003Ci>Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  7 (2) 229-235 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1967.007.2.10'>doi:10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1967.007.2.10\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1967.007.2.10",{"id":145,"year":146,"html":147,"doi":11},16512294,1969,"Ramberg, Ivar B. (1969) Lepidocrocite at Rössvatn, North Norway. An example of pseudomorphism after pyrite cubes. \u003Ci>Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift [Norwegian Journal of Geology]\u003C\u002Fi>, 49 (3) 251-256 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fnjg.geologi.no\u002Fimages\u002FNJG_articles\u002FNGT_49_3_251-256.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":149,"year":150,"html":151,"doi":152},145047,1972,"Schwertmann, U. (1972) The Transformation of Lepidocrocite to Goethite. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  20 (3) 151-158 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1972.0200306'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1972.0200306\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1972.0200306",{"id":154,"year":150,"html":155,"doi":156},145048,"Schwertmann, U. (1972) The Influence of Silicate on the Transformation of Lepidocrocite to Goethite. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  20 (3) 159-164 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1972.0200307'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1972.0200307\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1972.0200307",{"id":158,"year":150,"html":159,"doi":160},4430331,"Sakash, G. S., Solntseva, L. S. (1972) An IR spectroscopic study of the thermal conversion of lepidocrocite into haematite. \u003Ci>Journal of Applied Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 16. 551 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00646161'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00646161\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00646161",{"id":162,"year":150,"html":163,"doi":164},6188119,"Vlasov, A. Ya., Gornushkina, N. A., Petrov, M. I. (1972) Crystal structure and magnetic properties of lepidocrocite upon thermal transformation to hematite. \u003Ci>Soviet Physics Journal\u003C\u002Fi>, 15. 698-702 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00893038'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00893038\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00893038",{"id":166,"year":167,"html":168,"doi":169},5046830,1973,"Mazurkiewicz, A., Sokalski, K., Szytuła, A. (1973) Low frequency vibrations in lepidocrocite (α-FeOOH) studied by infrared absorption. \u003Ci>physica status solidi (a)\u003C\u002Fi>, 17 (1).  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fpssa.2210170146'>doi:10.1002\u002Fpssa.2210170146\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fpssa.2210170146",{"id":171,"year":167,"html":172,"doi":173},562242,"Schwertmann, U. (1973) Electron Micrographs of Soil Lepidocrocites. \u003Ci>Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  10 (1) 59-63 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1973.010.1.08'>doi:10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1973.010.1.08\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1973.010.1.08",{"id":175,"year":176,"html":177,"doi":178},145554,1978,"Tarzi, J. G. (1978) The Occurrence of Lepidocrocite in Two Well-Drained Ontario Soils. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  26 (6) 448-451 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1978.0260609'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1978.0260609\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1978.0260609",{"id":180,"year":176,"html":181,"doi":182},16498850,"Christensen, Henrik, Christensen, A. Nørlund, Turpeinen, Urho, Andresen, Arne F., Smidsrød, Olav, Pontchour, Cha-On, Phavanantha, Pathana, Pramatus, Supanich, Cyvin, Bjørg N., Cyvin, Sven J. (1978) Hydrogen Bonds of gamma-FeOOH. \u003Ci>Acta Chemica Scandinavica\u003C\u002Fi>,  32. 87-88 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3891\u002Facta.chem.scand.32a-0087'>doi:10.3891\u002Facta.chem.scand.32a-0087\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Factachemscand.org\u002Fpdf\u002Facta_vol_32a_p0087-0088.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3891\u002Facta.chem.scand.32a-0087",{"id":184,"year":185,"html":186,"doi":187},2569506,1979,"ROSS, G. J., MILES, N. M., KODAMA, H. (1979) OCCURRENCE AND DETERMINATION OF LEPIDOCROCITE IN CANADIAN SOILS. \u003Ci>Canadian Journal of Soil Science\u003C\u002Fi>, 59 (2). 155-162 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.4141\u002Fcjss79-015'>doi:10.4141\u002Fcjss79-015\u003C\u002Fa>","10.4141\u002Fcjss79-015",{"id":189,"year":185,"html":190,"doi":191},562445,"Schwertmann, U., Taylor, R. M. (1979) Natural and synthetic poorly crystallized lepidocrocite. \u003Ci>Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  14 (4) 285-293 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1979.014.4.05'>doi:10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1979.014.4.05\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1979.014.4.05",{"id":193,"year":194,"html":195,"doi":196},145695,1980,"Taylor, R. M. (1980) The Influence of Aluminum on Iron Oxides. VII. Substitution of Al for Fe in Synthetic Lepidocrocite. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  28 (4) 267-271 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1980.0280404'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1980.0280404\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1980.0280404",{"id":198,"year":199,"html":200,"doi":201},7946453,1981,"Šubrt, J., Hanousek, F., Zapletal, V., Lipka, J., Hucl, M. (1981) Dehydration of synthetic lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH). \u003Ci>Journal of Thermal Analysis\u003C\u002Fi>, 20 (1). 61-69 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf01912997'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf01912997\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf01912997",{"id":203,"year":204,"html":205,"doi":206},145880,1982,"Ross, G. J. (1982) Lepidocrocite in a Calcareous, Well-Drained Soil. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  30 (5) 394-396 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1982.0300511'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1982.0300511\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1982.0300511",{"id":208,"year":204,"html":209,"doi":210},16585016,"Bechinê, K., Šubrt, J., Hanslík, T., Zapletal, V., Tláskal, J., Lipka, Josef, Sedlák, B., Rotter, M. (1982) Transformation of synthetic γ‐FeOOH (lepidocrocite) in aqueous solutions of ferrous sulphate. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie\u003C\u002Fi>,  489 (1). 186-196 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fzaac.19824890122'>doi:10.1002\u002Fzaac.19824890122\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fzaac.19824890122",{"id":212,"year":213,"html":214,"doi":215},9986398,1984,"Mendelovici, E., Nadiv, S., Lin, I. J. (1984) Morphological and magnetic changes during mechano-chemical transformation of lepidocrocite to hematite. \u003Ci>Journal of Materials Science\u003C\u002Fi>, 19. 1556-1562 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00563053'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00563053\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00563053",{"id":217,"year":213,"html":218,"doi":219},3664,"Murad, Enver, Schwertmann, Udo (1984) The influence of crystallinity on the Mössbauer spectrum of lepidocrocite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  48 (349) 507-511 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1984.048.349.04'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1984.048.349.04\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_48\u002F48-349-507.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1984.048.349.04",{"id":221,"year":222,"html":223,"doi":224},821820,1985,"Morris, Richard V., Lauer, Howard V., Lawson, Charles A., Gibson, Everett K., Nace, Georg Ann, Stewart, Cheri (1985) Spectral and other physicochemical properties of submicron powders of hematite (α-Fe2O3), maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), goethite (α-FeOOH), and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) \u003Ci>Journal of Geophysical Research\u003C\u002Fi>,  90. 3126 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002Fjb090ib04p03126'>doi:10.1029\u002Fjb090ib04p03126\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1029\u002Fjb090ib04p03126",{"id":226,"year":222,"html":227,"doi":228},5861088,"Fitzpatrick, RW, Taylor, RM, Schwertmann, U, Childs, CW (1985) Occurrence and properties of lepidocrocite in some soils of New Zealand, South Africa and Australia. \u003Ci>Soil Research\u003C\u002Fi>, 23 (4). 543pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1071\u002Fsr9850543'>doi:10.1071\u002Fsr9850543\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1071\u002Fsr9850543",{"id":230,"year":231,"html":232,"doi":233},146406,1988,"Cornell, R. M. (1988) Acid Dissolution of Akaganiéite and Lepidocrocite: The Effect on Crystal Morphology. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  36 (5) 385-390 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1988.0360501'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1988.0360501\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1988.0360501",{"id":235,"year":236,"html":237,"doi":238},146563,1990,"Schwertmann, Udo (1990) The Influence of Aluminum on Iron Oxides. XV. Al-for-Fe Substitution in Synthetic Lepidocrocite. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  38 (2) 209-212 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1990.0380213'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1990.0380213\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1990.0380213",{"id":240,"year":236,"html":241,"doi":242},563062,"Carlson, L., Schwertmann, U. (1990) The effect of CO2 and oxidation rate on the formation of goethite versus lepidocrocite from an Fe(II) system at pH 6 and 7. \u003Ci>Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  25 (1) 65-71 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1990.025.1.07'>doi:10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1990.025.1.07\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fclaymin.1990.025.1.07",{"id":244,"year":236,"html":245,"doi":246},5743037,"Gehring, A. U., Karthein, R., Reller, A. (1990) Activated state in the lepidocrocite structure during thermal treatment. \u003Ci>Naturwissenschaften\u003C\u002Fi>, 77 (4). 177-179 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf01131161'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf01131161\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf01131161",{"id":248,"year":249,"html":250,"doi":251},151962,1991,"de Bakker, P. M. A., De Grave, E., Vandenberghe, R. E., Bowen, L. H., Pollard, R. J., Persoons, R. M. (1991) Mössbauer study of the thermal decomposition of lepidocrocite and characterization of the decomposition products. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  18 (2) 131-143 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00216606'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00216606\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00216606",{"id":253,"year":254,"html":255,"doi":256},2618024,1993,"Krishnamurti, G. S. R., Huang, P. M. (1993) Formation of Lepidocrocite from Iron(II) Solutions: Stabilization by Citrate. \u003Ci>Soil Science Society of America Journal\u003C\u002Fi>, 57 (3). 861-867 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2136\u002Fsssaj1993.03615995005700030037x'>doi:10.2136\u002Fsssaj1993.03615995005700030037x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2136\u002Fsssaj1993.03615995005700030037x",{"id":258,"year":254,"html":259,"doi":260},2618392,"Wang, H. D., White, G. N., Turner, F. T., Dixon, J. B. (1993) Ferrihydrite, Lepidocrocite, and Goethite in Coatings from East Texas Vertic Soils. \u003Ci>Soil Science Society of America Journal\u003C\u002Fi>, 57 (5). 1381-1386 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2136\u002Fsssaj1993.03615995005700050036x'>doi:10.2136\u002Fsssaj1993.03615995005700050036x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2136\u002Fsssaj1993.03615995005700050036x",{"id":262,"year":263,"html":264,"doi":265},147147,1996,"De Grave, E. (1996) 57Fe Mössbauer Effect Study of Al-Substituted Lepidocrocites. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  44 (2). 214-219 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1996.0440206'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1996.0440206\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1996.0440206",{"id":267,"year":268,"html":269,"doi":270},127624,1998,"Diakonov, Igor I. (1998) Thermodynamic properties of iron oxides and hydroxides. III. Surface and bulk thermodynamic properties of lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) to 500 K. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  10 (1) 31-42 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F10\u002F1\u002F0031'>doi:10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F10\u002F1\u002F0031\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fejm\u002F10\u002F1\u002F0031",{"id":272,"year":268,"html":273,"doi":274},15073716,"Weckler, B., Lutz, H.D. (1998) Lattice vibration spectra. Part XCV. Infrared spectroscopic studies on the iron oxide hydroxides goethite (α), akaganéite (β), lepidocrocite (γ), and feroxyhite (δ) \u003Ci>European Journal of Solid State and Inorganic Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>, 35 (8) 531-544 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fs0992-4361(99)80017-4'>doi:10.1016\u002Fs0992-4361(99)80017-4\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fs0992-4361(99)80017-4",{"id":276,"year":277,"html":278,"doi":279},147453,1999,"Gálvez, Natividad (1999) Effect of Phosphate on the Crystallization of Hematite, Goethite, and Lepidocrocite from Ferrihydrite. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  47 (3) 304-311 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002Fccmn.1999.0470306'>doi:10.1346\u002Fccmn.1999.0470306\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002Fccmn.1999.0470306",{"id":281,"year":282,"html":283,"doi":284},152836,2001,"Van San, E. Van, De Grave, E., Vandenberghe, R. E., Desseyn, H. O., Datas, L., Barrón, V., Rousset, A. (2001) Study of Al-substituted hematites, prepared from thermal treatment of lepidocrocite. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  28 (7) 488-497 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs002690100169'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs002690100169\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs002690100169",{"id":286,"year":282,"html":287,"doi":288},610425,"Zhukhlistov, A. P. (2001) Crystal structure of lepidocrocite FeO(OH) from the electron-diffractometry data. \u003Ci>Crystallography Reports\u003C\u002Fi>,  46 (5) 730-733 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1134\u002F1.1405857'>doi:10.1134\u002F1.1405857\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1134\u002F1.1405857",{"id":290,"year":291,"html":292,"doi":293},921955,2002,"Hirt, A. M., Lanci, L., Dobson, J., Weidler, P., Gehring, A. U. (2002) Low-temperature magnetic properties of lepidocrocite. \u003Ci>Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth\u003C\u002Fi>,  107.  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F2001jb000242'>doi:10.1029\u002F2001jb000242\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1029\u002F2001jb000242",{"id":295,"year":291,"html":296,"doi":297},147698,"Goldman, Nurit Taitel, Koch, Christian Bender, Singer, Arieh (2002) Lepidocrocite in Hydrothermal Sediments of the Atlantis II and Thetis Deeps, Red Sea. \u003Ci>Clays and Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  50 (2). 186-197 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1346\u002F000986002760832784'>doi:10.1346\u002F000986002760832784\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1346\u002F000986002760832784",{"id":299,"year":291,"html":300,"doi":301},9395755,"Farquhar, Morag L., Charnock, John M., Livens, Francis R., Vaughan, David J. (2002) Mechanisms of Arsenic Uptake from Aqueous Solution by Interaction with Goethite, Lepidocrocite, Mackinawite, and Pyrite:  An X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study. \u003Ci>Environmental Science & Technology\u003C\u002Fi>, 36 (8). 1757-1762 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fes010216g'>doi:10.1021\u002Fes010216g\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Fes010216g",{"id":303,"year":291,"html":304,"doi":305},564049,"Stanjek, H. (2002) XRD peak migration and apparent shift of cell-edge lengths of nano-sized hematite, goethite and lepidocrocite. \u003Ci>Clay Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  37 (4) 629-638 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002F0009855023740065'>doi:10.1180\u002F0009855023740065\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002F0009855023740065",{"id":307,"year":308,"html":309,"doi":11},16965569,2005,"(2005) Lepidocrocite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Flepidocrocite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":311,"year":308,"html":312,"doi":313},882238,"Gendler, T. S., Shcherbakov, V. P., Dekkers, M. J., Gapeev, A. K., Gribov, S. K., McClelland, E. (2005) The lepidocrocite-maghemite-haematite reaction chain-I. Acquisition of chemical remanent magnetization by maghemite, its magnetic properties and thermal stability. \u003Ci>Geophysical Journal International\u003C\u002Fi>,  160 (3) 815-832 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1365-246x.2005.02550.x'>doi:10.1111\u002Fj.1365-246x.2005.02550.x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1111\u002Fj.1365-246x.2005.02550.x",{"id":315,"year":308,"html":316,"doi":317},16479272,"Cudennec, Yannick, Lecerf, André (2005) Topotactic transformations of goethite and lepidocrocite into hematite and maghemite. \u003Ci>Solid State Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>, 7 (5) 520-529 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.solidstatesciences.2005.02.002'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.solidstatesciences.2005.02.002\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.solidstatesciences.2005.02.002",{"id":319,"year":320,"html":321,"doi":322},351242,2006,"Gräfe, M., Singh, B. (2006) Metal cation substitution in lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) \u003Ci>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta\u003C\u002Fi>,  70 (18)  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.gca.2006.06.423'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.gca.2006.06.423\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.gca.2006.06.423",{"id":324,"year":325,"html":326,"doi":327},588569,2007,"Liu, Hui, Li, Ping, Zhu, Meiying, Wei, Yu, Sun, Yuhan (2007) Fe(II)-induced transformation from ferrihydrite to lepidocrocite and goethite. \u003Ci>Journal of Solid State Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  180. 2121-2128 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2007.03.022'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2007.03.022\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2007.03.022",{"id":329,"year":330,"html":331,"doi":332},5222432,2008,"Navarro, Gustavo, Acevedo, Roberto, Soto, Andrés, Herane, Mario (2008) Synthesis and characterization of lepidocrocite and its potential applications in the adsorption of pollutant species. \u003Ci>Journal of Physics: Conference Series\u003C\u002Fi>, 134. 12023pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1088\u002F1742-6596\u002F134\u002F1\u002F012023'>doi:10.1088\u002F1742-6596\u002F134\u002F1\u002F012023\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1088\u002F1742-6596\u002F134\u002F1\u002F012023",{"id":334,"year":330,"html":335,"doi":336},153397,"Glotch, Timothy D., Kraft, Michael D. (2008) Thermal transformations of akaganéite and lepidocrocite to hematite: assessment of possible precursors to Martian crystalline hematite. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  35 (10) 569-581 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-008-0249-z'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-008-0249-z\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-008-0249-z",{"id":338,"year":339,"html":340,"doi":341},4016029,2011,"Guo, Haibo, Barnard, Amanda S. (2011) Proton transfer in the hydrogen-bonded chains of lepidocrocite: a computational study. \u003Ci>Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics\u003C\u002Fi>, 13 (39). 17864pp. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1039\u002Fc1cp22508a'>doi:10.1039\u002Fc1cp22508a\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1039\u002Fc1cp22508a",{"id":343,"year":339,"html":344,"doi":345},14279802,"Snow, Claine L., Smith, Stacey J., Lang, Brian E., Shi, Quan, Boerio-Goates, Juliana, Woodfield, Brian F., Navrotsky, Alexandra (2011) Heat capacity studies of the iron oxyhydroxides akaganéite (β-FeOOH) and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) \u003Ci>The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics\u003C\u002Fi>, 43 (2) 190-199 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jct.2010.08.022'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.jct.2010.08.022\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.jct.2010.08.022",{"id":347,"year":339,"html":348,"doi":349},296926,"Sergent, A.-S., Jorand, F., Hanna, K. (2011) Effects of Si-bearing minerals on the nature of secondary iron mineral products from lepidocrocite bioreduction. \u003Ci>Chemical Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  289 (1) 86-97 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.chemgeo.2011.07.016'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.chemgeo.2011.07.016\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.chemgeo.2011.07.016",{"id":351,"year":352,"html":353,"doi":354},9412310,2014,"Boland, Daniel D., Collins, Richard N., Miller, Christopher J., Glover, Chris J., Waite, T. David (2014) Effect of Solution and Solid-Phase Conditions on the Fe(II)-Accelerated Transformation of Ferrihydrite to Lepidocrocite and Goethite. \u003Ci>Environmental Science & Technology\u003C\u002Fi>, 48 (10). 5477-5485 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fes4043275'>doi:10.1021\u002Fes4043275\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Fes4043275",{"id":356,"year":357,"html":358,"doi":359},3704833,2015,"Paikaray, Susanta, Peiffer, Stefan (2015) Lepidocrocite Formation Kinetics from Schwertmannite in Fe(II)-Rich Anoxic Alkaline Medium. \u003Ci>Mine Water and the Environment\u003C\u002Fi>, 34 (2). 213-222 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10230-014-0309-1'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs10230-014-0309-1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs10230-014-0309-1",{"id":361,"year":357,"html":362,"doi":363},4308220,"Kim, Jongsik, Ilott, Andrew J., Middlemiss, Derek S., Chernova, Natasha A., Pinney, Nathan, Morgan, Dane, Grey, Clare P. (2015) 2H and 27Al Solid-State NMR Study of the Local Environments in Al-Doped 2-Line Ferrihydrite, Goethite, and Lepidocrocite. \u003Ci>Chemistry of Materials\u003C\u002Fi>, 27. 3966-3978 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Facs.chemmater.5b00856'>doi:10.1021\u002Facs.chemmater.5b00856\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Facs.chemmater.5b00856",{"id":365,"year":366,"html":367,"doi":368},358973,2020,"Liao, Shuai, Wang, Xiaoming, Yin, Hui, Post, Jeffrey E., Yan, Yupeng, Tan, Wenfeng, Huang, Qiaoyun, Liu, Fan, Feng, Xionghan (2020) Effects of Al substitution on local structure and morphology of lepidocrocite and its phosphate adsorption kinetics. \u003Ci>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta\u003C\u002Fi>,  276. 109-121 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.gca.2020.02.027'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.gca.2020.02.027\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.gca.2020.02.027",[370,377,387,395,404,412,420,426,433,442,449,456,463,470,480],{"id":371,"source_url":372,"license_code":373,"credit_html":374,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":375,"original_height":376},30088,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F127919","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F127919\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,727,{"id":378,"source_url":379,"license_code":380,"credit_html":381,"title":382,"description":383,"author":384,"original_width":385,"original_height":386},60113,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7326145","CC BY-SA 3.0","Ra'ike, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=7326145\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lepidokrokit - Neue Haardt, Siegerland.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLepidocrocite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lepidocrocite\">Lepidocrocite\u003C\u002Fa> - Locality: Neue Haardt, Siegerland, Germany - Exposed in the Mineralogical Museum, Bonn, Germany","Ra'ike",1700,2500,{"id":388,"source_url":389,"license_code":390,"credit_html":391,"title":392,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":393,"original_height":394},10069,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=164270","CC BY 2.0","Unknown author, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=164270\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Mineraly.sk - lepidokrokit.jpg",340,200,{"id":396,"source_url":397,"license_code":380,"credit_html":398,"title":399,"description":400,"author":401,"original_width":402,"original_height":403},10070,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10137271","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10137271\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lepidocrocite-69310.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLepidocrocite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lepidocrocite\">Lepidocrocite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTsumeb\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tsumeb\">Tsumeb\u003C\u002Fa>, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-43981.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A superbly rich speicmen featuring very fine , reddish micro-crystals of a rare Tsumeb mineral. This is not to be overlooked by its superficial ugliness! Under a microscope, and with light, it glows and presents an extremely fine example of this species. Purchased from the Zweibels in 1978 5.5 x 5.1 x 5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",590,600,{"id":405,"source_url":406,"license_code":380,"credit_html":407,"title":408,"description":409,"author":401,"original_width":410,"original_height":411},60114,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10122299","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10122299\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-Lepidocrocite-26315.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmethyst\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Amethyst\">Amethyst\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLepidocrocite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lepidocrocite\">Lepidocrocite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Huaron Mining District, San Jose de Huayllay District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCerro_de_Pasco\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Cerro de Pasco\">Cerro de Pasco\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDaniel_Alcides_Carri%C3%B3n_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Daniel Alcides Carrión Province\">Daniel Alcides Carrión Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Pasco Department, Peru (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-28521.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A superb, large plate of slender, gemmy quartz crystals that look much like amethyst due to their heavy inclusions of the iron-based mineral lepidocrosite. However, they should be called amethystine because the color is not due to the same reasons as the purple in amethyst. The lepidocrocite was deposited on the quartz crystals as they grew, and engulfed as the crystals continued their growth, so that now you can see the lepidocrocite deep inside each individual crystal. Not only interesting, but really beautiful! 11.5 x 9.5 x 4.7 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",720,585,{"id":413,"source_url":414,"license_code":380,"credit_html":415,"title":416,"description":417,"author":401,"original_width":418,"original_height":419},10071,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10462873","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10462873\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lepidocrocite-rut363b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLepidocrocite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lepidocrocite\">Lepidocrocite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTsumeb\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Tsumeb\">Tsumeb\u003C\u002Fa>, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-43981.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.5 x 5.1 x 5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Lepidocrocite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A superbly rich speicmen featuring very fine , reddish micro-crystals of a rare Tsumeb mineral. This is not to be overlooked by its superficial ugliness! Under a microscope, and with light, it glows and presents an extremely fine example of this species. Purchased from the Zweibels in 1978\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",400,361,{"id":421,"source_url":422,"license_code":380,"credit_html":423,"title":424,"description":417,"author":401,"original_width":418,"original_height":425},10072,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10462874","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10462874\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lepidocrocite-rut363c.jpg",357,{"id":427,"source_url":428,"license_code":380,"credit_html":429,"title":430,"description":431,"author":401,"original_width":432,"original_height":403},64297,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10138489","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10138489\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-112901.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmethyst\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Amethyst\">Amethyst\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Brandberg area, Brandberg District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-46238.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.3 x 4.5 x 3.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Another Brandberg amethyst, this one of a completely different style, and on MATRIX. It shows slight sceptering as well as skeletal growth at the top. There is actually a phantom inside, with the inner crystal being more colorless, outlined by the purple of the crystal that enveloped it. The crystal also features very prominent microcrystals of red lepidocrocite. Ex. Charlie Key collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",395,{"id":434,"source_url":435,"license_code":380,"credit_html":436,"title":437,"description":438,"author":439,"original_width":440,"original_height":441},10073,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865791","Christian Rewitzer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865791\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lepidocrocite-170212.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLepidocrocite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lepidocrocite\">Lepidocrocite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Alto das Quelhas do Gestoso Mines, Gestoso, Manhouce, São Pedro do Sul, Viseu District, Portugal\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Picture width 1.5 mm. Collection and photograph Christian Rewitzer Analysed specimen\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Christian Rewitzer",800,729,{"id":443,"source_url":444,"license_code":380,"credit_html":445,"title":446,"description":447,"author":401,"original_width":448,"original_height":403},64298,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140525","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140525\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-121242.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmethyst\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Amethyst\">Amethyst\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Brandberg area, Brandberg District, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FErongo_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Erongo Region\">Erongo Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Namibia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-46238.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 6.3 x 3.0 x 2.5 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A spectacular example, even better in person, of pristine, intensely bright and gemmy amethyst from Brandberg - like no other amethyst in the world. It has these wonderful subtle blushes of purple inside, and you can even see little bright red crystals of lepidocrocite included inside! There are three crystals here growing in parallel.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",313,{"id":450,"source_url":451,"license_code":380,"credit_html":452,"title":453,"description":454,"author":439,"original_width":440,"original_height":455},10074,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865792","Christian Rewitzer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865792\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lepidocrocite-170213.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLepidocrocite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lepidocrocite\">Lepidocrocite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Alto das Quelhas do Gestoso Mines, Gestoso, Manhouce, São Pedro do Sul, Viseu District, Portugal\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Picture width 1 mm. Collection and photograph Christian Rewitzer Analysed specimen\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",761,{"id":457,"source_url":458,"license_code":380,"credit_html":459,"title":460,"description":461,"author":439,"original_width":440,"original_height":462},10075,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865806","Christian Rewitzer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865806\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Segnitite-Lepidocrocite-170219.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSegnitite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Segnitite\">Segnitite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLepidocrocite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lepidocrocite\">Lepidocrocite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Alto das Quelhas do Gestoso Mines, Gestoso, Manhouce, São Pedro do Sul, Viseu District, Portugal\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Picture width 1 mm. Collection and photograph Christian Rewitzer Yellowbrown Segnitite (analysed !) with redbrown Lepidocrocite.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",818,{"id":464,"source_url":465,"license_code":380,"credit_html":466,"title":467,"description":468,"author":401,"original_width":469,"original_height":403},60115,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147811","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10147811\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-Lepidocrocite-162422.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLepidocrocite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lepidocrocite\">Lepidocrocite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FEsp%C3%ADrito_Santo\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Espírito Santo\">Espírito Santo\u003C\u002Fa>, Southeast Region, Brazil (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-6395.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 7.1 X 4.2 X 1.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This is a specimen of quartz shot through with glittering acicular crystals of lepidocrocite - a lot rarer, of course, than the rutile-in-quartz specimens you see from Brazil. It has been cut from rough crystal (these are not the natural faces), then brought to a very high polish. Though the high reflectivity of the lepidocrocites makes them appear silvery, you can see flashes of red, as this is their real color - a gemmy red - you sometimes see lepidocrocite included in quartz specimens from Brandberg, though not in the acicular form - and in those, you can clearly see the red color.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",392,{"id":471,"source_url":472,"license_code":473,"credit_html":474,"title":475,"description":476,"author":477,"original_width":478,"original_height":479},64304,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118201893","CC BY-SA 2.0","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118201893\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Lepidocrocite with Goethite (47122317434).jpg","\u003Cp>Hessen, Germany\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nS-74-1574","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada",4000,6000,{"id":481,"source_url":482,"license_code":380,"credit_html":483,"title":484,"description":485,"author":401,"original_width":486,"original_height":440},7846,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10152366","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10152366\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Quartz-178964.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FQuartz\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Quartz\">Quartz\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmethyst\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Amethyst\">Amethyst\u003C\u002Fa>)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTurkana_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Turkana District\">Turkana District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRift_Valley_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Rift Valley Province\">Rift Valley Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Kenya (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-153772.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 32.3 x 9.7 x 8.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>It would be hard to think of a quartz specimen much more impressive than this one: a gigantic, complete floater amethystine crystal that is multiply-sceptred at both ends. All a long the side faces are interesting skeletal growth. What is more, it has at least one huge enhydro (moving bubble in water) inside. Inside one of the sceptres are tiny red lepidocrocite crystals.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",311,[488,494,499,504,510],{"id":489,"url":490,"label":491,"formula":492,"spacegroup":493,"year":282},7602,"\u002Fcif\u002F7602.cif","Zhukhlistov 2001","Fe O2 H","C m c m",{"id":495,"url":496,"label":497,"formula":498,"spacegroup":493,"year":204},7603,"\u002Fcif\u002F7603.cif","Christensen 1982 · Fe O2 H2","Fe O2 H2",{"id":500,"url":501,"label":502,"formula":492,"spacegroup":503,"year":204},7604,"\u002Fcif\u002F7604.cif","Christensen 1982 · Fe O2 H","C m c 21",{"id":505,"url":506,"label":507,"formula":492,"spacegroup":508,"year":509},7605,"\u002Fcif\u002F7605.cif","Wyckoff 1963","B b m m",1963,{"id":511,"url":512,"label":513,"formula":514,"spacegroup":515,"year":113},7606,"\u002Fcif\u002F7606.cif","Ewing 1935","Fe O2","A m a m",[517,518,519,520,521,522],"Göthit (of Lenz)","Lepidokrokite","Pyrrhosiderit","Pyrrhosiderita","Pyrrhosiderite","Rubinglimmer",[524,528,532,536,540,543,546,550,553,557,561,567,570,575,579,583,590,593,596,600,603,606,610,614,619,623],{"lang":525,"names":526},"ar",[527],"ليبيدوكروكيت",{"lang":529,"names":530},"ast",[531],"Lepidocrocita",{"lang":533,"names":534},"az",[535],"Lepidokrokit",{"lang":537,"names":538},"ca",[539],"lepidocrocita",{"lang":541,"names":542},"cs",[535],{"lang":544,"names":545},"de",[535,522],{"lang":547,"names":548},"el",[549],"Λεπιδοκροκίτης",{"lang":551,"names":552},"es",[531,520],{"lang":554,"names":555},"eu",[556],"lepidokrozita",{"lang":558,"names":559},"fa",[560],"لپیدوکروسیت",{"lang":562,"names":563},"fr",[564,565,566],"Hydrolépidocrocite","Lépidocrocite","Pyrrhosidérite",{"lang":568,"names":569},"it",[7],{"lang":571,"names":572},"ja",[573,574],"レピドクロサイト","鱗鉄鉱",{"lang":576,"names":577},"lt",[578],"Lepidokrokitas",{"lang":580,"names":581},"mk",[582],"лепидокрокит",{"lang":584,"names":585},"nl",[586,587,588,589],"Esmeraldiet","Hydrohematiet","lepidocrociet","Lepidokrokiet",{"lang":591,"names":592},"pl",[535],{"lang":594,"names":595},"pt",[531],{"lang":597,"names":598},"ru",[599],"Лепидокрокит",{"lang":601,"names":602},"sk",[535],{"lang":604,"names":605},"sl",[535],{"lang":607,"names":608},"sv",[609,535],"Lepidocrocit",{"lang":611,"names":612},"uk",[613],"Лепідокрокіт",{"lang":615,"names":616},"uz",[617,618],"Lepvdokrokit","Yoqut slyudkasi",{"lang":620,"names":621},"zh",[622],"纤铁矿",{"lang":624,"names":625},"zh-cn",[622],"Q410583",{"history":11,"applications":11}]