[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:2465":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":11,"impurities":22,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":33,"dana8ed4":34,"csystem":35,"cclass":36,"spacegroup":37,"spacegroupset":38,"a":39,"b":38,"c":40,"alpha":38,"beta":38,"gamma":38,"aerror":11,"berror":11,"cerror":11,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":41,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":42,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":43,"tlform":11,"hmin":44,"hmax":45,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":38,"vhnmax":38,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":46,"dmeas2":47,"dcalc":48,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":49,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":50,"streak":51,"colour":52,"commentcolor":11,"colors":53,"streak_colors":57,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":58,"cleavagetype":59,"fracturetype":60,"tenacity":61,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":62,"opticalsign":63,"opticalalpha":38,"opticalalpha2":38,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":38,"opticalbeta2":38,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":38,"opticalgamma2":38,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":64,"opticalomega2":38,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":65,"opticalepsilon2":38,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":38,"opticaln2":38,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":38,"optical2vcalc2":38,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":38,"optical2vmeasured2":38,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":66,"rimax":67,"opticaldispersion":11,"opticalpleochroism":11,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":68,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":69,"type_specimen_store":70,"description_short":71,"aboutname":72,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":73,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":74,"group_members":75,"associates":464,"confused_with":491,"type_localities":492,"occurrence_total":497,"citations":498,"images":609,"structures":1020,"synonyms":1047,"language_names":1054,"wikidata_qid":1203,"texts":1204},2465,"1:1:2465:1","5f2d5b24-3d26-476b-b03d-23b82d7c83d8","Leucite","Lct",0,"mineral",null,4395,2383,false,"K(AlSi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>)",[17,18,19,20],"Al","Si","O","K",[17,18,19,20],",Ti,Fe,Mg,Ca,Ba,Na,Rb,Cs,H2O,","16.3.4",[25,26],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1791","9","G","B","05","76","2","1","Tetragonal",23,136,"0","13.056","13.751",16,"Common, repeated on {110} and {101}, from two complex displacive phase transformations during cooling.","Euhedral pseudocubic crystals showing {112}.  Other forms include {100}, {110}.",5.5,6,"2.45","2.5","2.46","Vitreous","Transparent,Translucent","White","White, grey, cream, colourless",[54,55,56],"white","gray","colorless",[54],"Very poor om {110}","Poor\u002FIndistinct","Conchoidal","brittle","Uniaxial","+","1.508","1.509",1.508,1.509,"May be anomalously biaxial.","Potassium rich mafic and ultramafic lavas.","Technische Universität, Bergakademie, Freiberg, Germany, numbers 100206, 100207, 100210, 100212, 100216.","Leucite is common in some volcanic rocks in which it crystallises with a cubic crystal structure at high temperature (ca. 900°C). Upon cooling to 700-600°C, it transforms into a tetragonal modification which is stable at room temperature and forms char...","From the Greek \"leucos,\" for white, in allusion to its common colour.","2026-01-18 18:27:17",[],[76,84,93,99,108,114,123,131,141,150,158,165,172,180,187,194,201,207,214,222,227,237,243,250,257,263,270,277,284,294,302,307,313,321,328,336,343,348,354,359,367,374,382,389,396,401,410,416,423,431,436,443,450,458],{"id":77,"name":78,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":80,"mindat_formula":81,"hmin":82,"hmax":82,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":83,"primary_image_id":11},38701,"Alflarsenite","Monoclinic","NaCa\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Be\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH) · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","NaCa\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Be\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",4,"2.605",{"id":85,"name":86,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":87,"mindat_formula":88,"hmin":89,"hmax":89,"dmeas":90,"dcalc":91,"primary_image_id":92},199,"Amicite","K\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","K\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>·5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",4.5,"2.06","2.16",1119,{"id":94,"name":95,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":96,"mindat_formula":96,"hmin":44,"hmax":45,"dmeas":97,"dcalc":98,"primary_image_id":11},206,"Ammonioleucite","(NH\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(AlSi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>)","2.29","2.24",{"id":100,"name":101,"entrytype":9,"csystem":102,"ima_formula":103,"mindat_formula":104,"hmin":105,"hmax":44,"dmeas":98,"dcalc":106,"primary_image_id":107},210,"Analcime","Triclinic","Na(AlSi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>) · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na(AlSi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>)·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",5,"2.271",1298,{"id":109,"name":110,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":111,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":112,"dcalc":113,"primary_image_id":11},472185,"Arzamastsevite","K\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>20\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl","2.50","2.51",{"id":115,"name":116,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":118,"mindat_formula":119,"hmin":105,"hmax":105,"dmeas":120,"dcalc":121,"primary_image_id":122},610,"Bellbergite","Hexagonal","(K,Ba,Sr)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Sr\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Ca,Na)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>36\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>72\u003C\u002Fsub> · 30H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(K,Ba,Sr)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Sr\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Ca,Na)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>[Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>]\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>·30H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.2","2.19",2984,{"id":124,"name":125,"entrytype":9,"csystem":102,"ima_formula":126,"mindat_formula":127,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":128,"dcalc":129,"primary_image_id":130},670,"Bikitaite","LiAlSi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","LiAlSi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.28","2.3",3253,{"id":132,"name":133,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":135,"mindat_formula":136,"hmin":137,"hmax":137,"dmeas":138,"dcalc":139,"primary_image_id":140},704,"Boggsite","Orthorhombic","Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>77\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>19\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>192\u003C\u002Fsub> · 70H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>96\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>192\u003C\u002Fsub>·70H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",3.5,"1.98","1.994",3545,{"id":142,"name":143,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":144,"mindat_formula":145,"hmin":146,"hmax":146,"dmeas":147,"dcalc":148,"primary_image_id":149},1002,"Chiavennite","CaMn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(BeOH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub> · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaMnBe\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",3,"2.64","2.657",5388,{"id":151,"name":152,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":153,"mindat_formula":154,"hmin":105,"hmax":44,"dmeas":155,"dcalc":156,"primary_image_id":157},1145,"Cowlesite","Ca(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub> · 5-6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>·6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.14","2.05",6398,{"id":159,"name":160,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":161,"mindat_formula":162,"hmin":89,"hmax":89,"dmeas":163,"dcalc":164,"primary_image_id":11},31408,"Direnzoite","NaK\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>MgCa\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>47\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>120\u003C\u002Fsub> · 36H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","NaK\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>MgCa\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>47\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>120\u003C\u002Fsub>)·36H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.12","2.080",{"id":166,"name":167,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":168,"mindat_formula":169,"hmin":82,"hmax":105,"dmeas":170,"dcalc":38,"primary_image_id":171},1353,"Edingtonite","Ba(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ba[Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>]·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.694",7625,{"id":173,"name":174,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":175,"mindat_formula":176,"hmin":82,"hmax":82,"dmeas":177,"dcalc":178,"primary_image_id":179},1391,"Epistilbite","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>[Si\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>48\u003C\u002Fsub>] · 16H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>·5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.22","2.266",7917,{"id":181,"name":182,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":183,"mindat_formula":184,"hmin":105,"hmax":44,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":185,"primary_image_id":186},43600,"Fabrièsite","Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub> · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.386",8245,{"id":188,"name":189,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":190,"mindat_formula":191,"hmin":146,"hmax":146,"dmeas":192,"dcalc":193,"primary_image_id":11},43568,"Ferrochiavennite","Ca\u003Csub>1-2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe[(Si,Al,Be)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Be\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>] · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>1-2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe[(Si,Al,Be)\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Be\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>]·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.67","2.709",{"id":195,"name":196,"entrytype":9,"csystem":102,"ima_formula":197,"mindat_formula":198,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":199,"primary_image_id":200},38900,"Flörkeite","(K\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Na)[Al\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>32\u003C\u002Fsub>] · 12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(K\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Na)[Al\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>32\u003C\u002Fsub>]·12H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.270",8988,{"id":202,"name":203,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":204,"mindat_formula":205,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":206,"dcalc":206,"primary_image_id":11},1661,"Gaultite","Na\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Zn\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub> · 5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Zn\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>18\u003C\u002Fsub>·5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.52",{"id":208,"name":209,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":210,"mindat_formula":211,"hmin":82,"hmax":82,"dmeas":38,"dcalc":212,"primary_image_id":213},1715,"Gobbinsite","Na\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>11\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>32\u003C\u002Fsub> · 11H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>11\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>32\u003C\u002Fsub>·11H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.147",10104,{"id":215,"name":216,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":217,"mindat_formula":218,"hmin":89,"hmax":89,"dmeas":219,"dcalc":220,"primary_image_id":221},1726,"Goosecreekite","Ca(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub> · 5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca[Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>]·5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.21","2.23",10223,{"id":223,"name":224,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":225,"mindat_formula":226,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":155,"dcalc":91,"primary_image_id":11},6976,"Gottardiite","Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>19\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>117\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>272\u003C\u002Fsub> · 93H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Mg\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>19\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>117\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>272\u003C\u002Fsub>·93H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",{"id":228,"name":229,"entrytype":9,"csystem":230,"ima_formula":231,"mindat_formula":232,"hmin":233,"hmax":233,"dmeas":234,"dcalc":235,"primary_image_id":236},1937,"Hsianghualite","Isometric","Li\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Be\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>F\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","Ca\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Li\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Be\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>)F\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",6.5,"2.97","2.944",11667,{"id":238,"name":239,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":240,"mindat_formula":240,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":47,"dcalc":241,"primary_image_id":242},2135,"Kalborsite","K\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>BSi\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>20\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl","2.48",12852,{"id":244,"name":245,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":246,"mindat_formula":247,"hmin":45,"hmax":233,"dmeas":248,"dcalc":249,"primary_image_id":11},40071,"Kirchhoffite","CsBSi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>","Cs(BSi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.622","3.639",{"id":251,"name":252,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":253,"mindat_formula":254,"hmin":137,"hmax":82,"dmeas":220,"dcalc":255,"primary_image_id":256},2340,"Laumontite","CaAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.25",14050,{"id":258,"name":259,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":260,"mindat_formula":261,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":262,"primary_image_id":11},53675,"Limousinite","BaCa[Be\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>P\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>] · 6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","BaCa[Be\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>P\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>]·6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.58",{"id":264,"name":265,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":266,"mindat_formula":267,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"dmeas":113,"dcalc":268,"primary_image_id":269},2421,"Lithosite","K\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","K\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>25\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.54",14625,{"id":271,"name":272,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":273,"mindat_formula":274,"hmin":137,"hmax":82,"dmeas":275,"dcalc":276,"primary_image_id":11},56033,"Loomisite","Ba[Be\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>P\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>] · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O"," Ba[Be\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>P\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>]·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.46","3.512",{"id":278,"name":279,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":280,"mindat_formula":281,"hmin":105,"hmax":45,"dmeas":282,"dcalc":38,"primary_image_id":283},2443,"Lovdarite","K\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Na\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Be\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>14\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>36\u003C\u002Fsub> · 9H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","K\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Na\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Be\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>14\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>36\u003C\u002Fsub>·9H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.33",14765,{"id":285,"name":286,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":287,"mindat_formula":288,"hmin":289,"hmax":290,"dmeas":291,"dcalc":292,"primary_image_id":293},2577,"Maricopaite","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Pb\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>36\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>99\u003C\u002Fsub> · n(H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O,OH)","Pb\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>48\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>100\u003C\u002Fsub>·32H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",1,1.5,"2.94","2.90",15477,{"id":295,"name":296,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":297,"mindat_formula":298,"hmin":89,"hmax":89,"dmeas":299,"dcalc":300,"primary_image_id":301},51985,"Martinandresite","Ba\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>32\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ba\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>32\u003C\u002Fsub>)·10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.482","2.495",15537,{"id":303,"name":304,"entrytype":9,"csystem":230,"ima_formula":305,"mindat_formula":305,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":306,"primary_image_id":11},46488,"Meierite","Ba\u003Csub>44\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>66\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>30\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>192\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>25\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>33\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.50",{"id":308,"name":309,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":310,"mindat_formula":311,"hmin":89,"hmax":89,"dmeas":155,"dcalc":219,"primary_image_id":312},2651,"Merlinoite","K\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>23\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>64\u003C\u002Fsub> · 24H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","K\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>23\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>64\u003C\u002Fsub>·24H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",15897,{"id":314,"name":315,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":316,"mindat_formula":317,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":318,"dcalc":319,"primary_image_id":320},2766,"Montesommaite","K\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>23\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>64\u003C\u002Fsub> · 10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(K,Na)\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>23\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>64\u003C\u002Fsub>·10H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.34","2.30",16657,{"id":322,"name":323,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":324,"mindat_formula":325,"hmin":146,"hmax":82,"dmeas":163,"dcalc":326,"primary_image_id":327},2779,"Mordenite","(Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>,Ca,K\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>40\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>96\u003C\u002Fsub> · 28H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>,Ca,K\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>40\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>96\u003C\u002Fsub>·28H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.125",16716,{"id":329,"name":330,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":331,"mindat_formula":332,"hmin":146,"hmax":146,"dmeas":333,"dcalc":334,"primary_image_id":335},2795,"Mountainite","KNa\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>[Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>19\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)] · 6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","KNa\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>[Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>19\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)]·6H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.36","2.47",16792,{"id":337,"name":338,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":339,"mindat_formula":340,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":341,"dcalc":342,"primary_image_id":11},7184,"Mutinaite","Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>11\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>85\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>192\u003C\u002Fsub> · 60H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>85\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>11\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>192\u003C\u002Fsub>·60H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.13","2.17",{"id":344,"name":345,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":346,"mindat_formula":347,"hmin":105,"hmax":45,"dmeas":91,"dcalc":219,"primary_image_id":11},11439,"Nabesite","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>BeSi\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>BeSi\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",{"id":349,"name":350,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":351,"mindat_formula":352,"hmin":82,"hmax":89,"dmeas":341,"dcalc":90,"primary_image_id":353},2960,"Offretite","KCaMg(Si\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>36\u003C\u002Fsub> · 15H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","KCaMg(Si\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>36\u003C\u002Fsub>·15H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",7997,{"id":355,"name":356,"entrytype":9,"csystem":230,"ima_formula":357,"mindat_formula":358,"hmin":89,"hmax":89,"dmeas":128,"dcalc":98,"primary_image_id":11},3062,"Pahasapaite","Li\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(Ca,Li,K)\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>Be\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub> · 38H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Li\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(Ca,Li,K)\u003Csub>10.5\u003C\u002Fsub>Be\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>·38H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",{"id":360,"name":361,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":362,"mindat_formula":363,"hmin":82,"hmax":82,"dmeas":364,"dcalc":365,"primary_image_id":366},3127,"Parthéite","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>15\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) O\u003Csub>15\u003C\u002Fsub> (OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>•4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.39","2.41",18838,{"id":368,"name":369,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":370,"mindat_formula":371,"hmin":82,"hmax":105,"dmeas":155,"dcalc":372,"primary_image_id":373},3163,"Perlialite","K\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>NaCa(Si\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>72\u003C\u002Fsub> · 15H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","K\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>Na(Ca,Sr)[Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>]\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>·15H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.15",19101,{"id":375,"name":376,"entrytype":9,"csystem":230,"ima_formula":377,"mindat_formula":378,"hmin":233,"hmax":379,"dmeas":380,"dcalc":291,"primary_image_id":381},3255,"Pollucite","Cs(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Cs,Na)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>)·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",7,"2.68",19727,{"id":383,"name":384,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":385,"mindat_formula":386,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":387,"dcalc":318,"primary_image_id":388},3438,"Roggianite","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>BeAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O (n < 2.5)","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Be(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>13\u003C\u002Fsub>·2.5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.02",21061,{"id":390,"name":391,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":392,"mindat_formula":393,"hmin":105,"hmax":105,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":394,"primary_image_id":395},41131,"Rongibbsite","Pb\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)O\u003Csub>11\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","Pb\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Al)O\u003Csub>11\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH) ","4.43 ",21098,{"id":397,"name":398,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":399,"mindat_formula":400,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":341,"dcalc":38,"primary_image_id":11},7332,"Terranovaite","NaCaAl\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>17\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>40\u003C\u002Fsub> · ~8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Na,Ca)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>68\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>160\u003C\u002Fsub>·29H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",{"id":402,"name":403,"entrytype":9,"csystem":404,"ima_formula":405,"mindat_formula":406,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":407,"dcalc":408,"primary_image_id":409},3947,"Thornasite","Trigonal","Na\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>Th\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>19\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> · 18H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Na,K)\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>Th\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>[Si\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>19\u003C\u002Fsub>]\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·18H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.62","2.627",24135,{"id":411,"name":412,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":413,"mindat_formula":414,"hmin":89,"hmax":89,"dmeas":387,"dcalc":163,"primary_image_id":415},4037,"Tschernichite","CaAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub> · 8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Ca,Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)[Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>]·4-8H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",24648,{"id":417,"name":418,"entrytype":9,"csystem":230,"ima_formula":419,"mindat_formula":420,"hmin":89,"hmax":89,"dmeas":421,"dcalc":421,"primary_image_id":422},7343,"Tschörtnerite","Ca\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(K,Ca,Sr,Ba)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cu\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>48\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub> · 20H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(Ca,Sr,K,Ba)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cu\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>[Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>]\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>·nH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.1",24649,{"id":424,"name":425,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":426,"mindat_formula":427,"hmin":44,"hmax":45,"dmeas":428,"dcalc":429,"primary_image_id":430},4230,"Wairakite","Ca(Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub> · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Ca(Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>)·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.26","2.272",27729,{"id":432,"name":433,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":434,"mindat_formula":435,"hmin":146,"hmax":82,"dmeas":372,"dcalc":342,"primary_image_id":11},4260,"Weinebeneite","CaBe\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaBe\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",{"id":437,"name":438,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":439,"mindat_formula":440,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":441,"dcalc":442,"primary_image_id":11},4269,"Wenkite","Ba\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si,Al)\u003Csub>20\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>41\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub> · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Ba,K)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(Ca,Na)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>[(Si,Al)\u003Csub>20\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>39\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>](SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>·0.5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.19","3.276",{"id":444,"name":445,"entrytype":9,"csystem":230,"ima_formula":446,"mindat_formula":447,"hmin":82,"hmax":105,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":448,"primary_image_id":449},46739,"Wilancookite","(Ba\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Li\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>◻)Ba\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Be\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>P\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>96\u003C\u002Fsub> · 26H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Ba\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>Li\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>◻)Ba\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Be\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>P\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>96\u003C\u002Fsub>·26H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.05",16713,{"id":451,"name":452,"entrytype":9,"csystem":102,"ima_formula":453,"mindat_formula":454,"hmin":146,"hmax":146,"dmeas":455,"dcalc":456,"primary_image_id":457},4294,"Willhendersonite","KCa(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub> · 5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","KCa[Al\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>12\u003C\u002Fsub>]·5H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.10","2.20",28085,{"id":459,"name":460,"entrytype":9,"csystem":79,"ima_formula":461,"mindat_formula":462,"hmin":89,"hmax":105,"dmeas":456,"dcalc":428,"primary_image_id":463},4376,"Yugawaralite","Ca(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaAl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",28587,[465,466,473,479,485],{"id":100,"name":101,"entrytype":9,"csystem":102,"ima_formula":103,"mindat_formula":104,"hmin":105,"hmax":44,"dmeas":98,"dcalc":106,"primary_image_id":107},{"id":467,"name":468,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":469,"mindat_formula":470,"hmin":44,"hmax":45,"dmeas":471,"dcalc":112,"primary_image_id":472},1238,"Davyne","[(Na,K)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>0.5\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl][Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>][(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)]","(Na,K)\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)(Cl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>,SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","2.42",29585,{"id":474,"name":475,"entrytype":9,"csystem":134,"ima_formula":476,"mindat_formula":477,"hmin":105,"hmax":44,"dmeas":120,"dcalc":255,"primary_image_id":478},2947,"Natrolite","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub> · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",30321,{"id":480,"name":481,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":482,"mindat_formula":482,"hmin":44,"hmax":45,"dmeas":483,"dcalc":147,"primary_image_id":484},2880,"Nepheline","Na\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>K(Al\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>16\u003C\u002Fsub>)","2.55",17551,{"id":486,"name":487,"entrytype":9,"csystem":230,"ima_formula":488,"mindat_formula":489,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"dmeas":129,"dcalc":219,"primary_image_id":490},2936,"Nosean","Na\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Na\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>(Al\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>Si\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>24\u003C\u002Fsub>)(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",17893,[],[493],{"id":494,"txt":495,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":496},2092,"Mount Somma, Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy","Italy",345,[499,503,507,512,516,521,525,530,533,538,542,545,549,553,557,561,565,569,573,576,580,584,589,594,599,604],{"id":500,"year":501,"html":502,"doi":11},16115724,1791,"Blumenbachs, J.F. (1791) Auszuge und kezensioneit bergmanischer und mineralogischer schriften. Bergmannisches Journal: 2: 483-500.",{"id":504,"year":505,"html":506,"doi":11},16771987,1797,"Klaproth, M. H. (1797) XXXII. Untersuchung des Leucits. In \u003Ci>Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 2. Rottmann. p.35-61.",{"id":508,"year":509,"html":510,"doi":511},12683965,1800,"von Buch, Leopold (1800) Ueber die Formation des Leucits. \u003Ci>Annalen der Physik\u003C\u002Fi>, 6. 53-66 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fandp.18000060104'>doi:10.1002\u002Fandp.18000060104\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fandp.18000060104",{"id":513,"year":514,"html":515,"doi":11},16115727,1821,"Anonymous (1821) Scientific Intelligence; Optics; 6. Optical properties of leucite or amphigene. The Edinburgh Philosophical Journal: 5: 217-234 (218-218).",{"id":517,"year":518,"html":519,"doi":520},5361,1887,"Judd, J. W. (1887) On the Discovery of Leucite in Australia. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  7 (35) 194-195 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.1887.007.35.06'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.1887.007.35.06\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_7\u002F7-35-194.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.1887.007.35.06",{"id":522,"year":523,"html":524,"doi":11},16113518,1917,"Bowen, N.L. (1917) The sodium-potassium nephelites. American Journal of Science: 43: 115-132.",{"id":526,"year":527,"html":528,"doi":529},400471,1938,"Wyart, Jean (1938) Étude sur la leucite. \u003Ci>Bulletin de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fi>,  61 (4) 228-238 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1938.4444'>doi:10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1938.4444\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1938.4444",{"id":531,"year":527,"html":532,"doi":11},16115729,"Onorato, E. (1938) Ricerche roentgenografiche sulla leucite. Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma,; 85-97.",{"id":534,"year":535,"html":536,"doi":537},107649,1968,"Peacor, Donald R. (1968) A high temperature single crystal diffractometer study of leucite, (K,Na)AlSi2O6*. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  127 (1) 213-224 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1968.127.1-4.213'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1968.127.1-4.213\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fzk\u002Fvol127\u002FZK127_213.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1968.127.1-4.213",{"id":539,"year":540,"html":541,"doi":11},16100371,1975,"Gupta,A.K., Fyfe, W.S. (1975) Leucite survival: The alteration to analcime. The Canadian Mineralogist: 13: 361-363.",{"id":543,"year":540,"html":544,"doi":11},16115733,"Martin, R.F., Lagache, M. (1975) Cell edges and infrared spectra of synthetic leucites and pollucites in the system KAlSi2O6 — RbAlSi2O6 — CsAlSi2O6. The Canadian Mineralogist: 13: 275-281.",{"id":546,"year":547,"html":548,"doi":11},526605,1976,"Mazzi, Fiorenzo, Galli, Ermanno, Gottardi, Glauco (1976) The crystal structure of tetragonal leucite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  61 (1-2) 108-115 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM61\u002FAM61_108.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":550,"year":551,"html":552,"doi":11},16100758,1986,"Matson, D.W., Sharma, S.K., Philpotts, J.A. (1986) Raman-spectra of some tectosilicates and of glasses along the orthoclase-anorthite and nepheline-anorthite joins. American Mineralogist: 71: 694-704.",{"id":554,"year":555,"html":556,"doi":11},528866,1990,"Heaney, Peter J., Veblen, David R. (1990) A high-temperature study of the low-high leucite phase transition using the transmission electron microscope. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  75 (5-6) 464-476 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM75\u002FAM75_464.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":558,"year":555,"html":559,"doi":560},151876,"Hatch, DorianM., Ghose, Subrata, Stokes, HaroldT. (1990) Phase transitions in leucite, KAISi2O6. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  17 (3)  \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00201453'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00201453\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00201453",{"id":562,"year":563,"html":564,"doi":11},529462,1993,"Dove, Martin T., Cool, Tracey, Palmer, David C., Putnis, Andrew, Salje, Ekhard K. H., Winkler, Björn (1993) On the role of Al-Si ordering in the cubic-tetragonal phase transition of leucite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  78 (5-6) 486-492 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM78\u002FAM78_486.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":566,"year":567,"html":568,"doi":11},529722,1994,"Phillips, Brian L., Kirkpatrick, R. James (1994) Short-range Si-Al order in leucite and analcime: Determination of the configurational entropy from 27Al and variable-temperature 29Si NMR spectroscopy of leucite, its Cs- and Rb-exchanged derivatives, and analcime. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  79 (11-12) 1025-1031 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM79\u002FAM79_1025.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":570,"year":571,"html":572,"doi":11},16115739,1997,"Hogarth, D.D. (1997) Mineralogy of leucite-bearing dykes from Napoleon Bay, Baffin Island: multistage proterozoic lamproites. The Canadian Mineralogist: 35: 53-78.",{"id":574,"year":571,"html":575,"doi":11},16117720,"Coombs, Douglas S., Alberti, Alberto, Armbruster, Thomas, Artioli, Gilberto, Colella, Carmine, Galli, Ermanno, Grice, Joel D., Liebau, Friedrich, Mandarino, Joseph A., Minato, Hideo, et al. (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals; report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  35 (6). 1571-1606 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM35_1571.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":577,"year":578,"html":579,"doi":11},12909096,1999,"Mandarino, Joseph A. (1999) The Zeolite Group. \u003Ci>The Mineralogical Record\u003C\u002Fi>, 30 (1) 5-6",{"id":581,"year":582,"html":583,"doi":11},16965574,2001,"(2001) Leucite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fleucite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":585,"year":586,"html":587,"doi":588},10559820,2002,"Shannon, Robert D., Shannon, Ruth C., Medenbach, Olaf, Fischer, Reinhard X. (2002) Refractive Index and Dispersion of Fluorides and Oxides. \u003Ci>Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data\u003C\u002Fi>,  31 (4) 931-970 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1063\u002F1.1497384'>doi:10.1063\u002F1.1497384\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1063\u002F1.1497384",{"id":590,"year":591,"html":592,"doi":593},243576,2004,"Winkler, B., Milman, V., Pickard, C. J. (2004) Quantum mechanical study of Al\u002FSi disorder in leucite and bicchulite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  68 (5) 819-824 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002F0026461046850222'>doi:10.1180\u002F0026461046850222\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002F0026461046850222",{"id":595,"year":596,"html":597,"doi":598},243786,2007,"Gatta, G. D.; Rotiroti, N.; Bellatreccia, F.; Della Ventura, G. (2007) Crystal chemistry of leucite from the Roman Comagmatic Province (central         Italy): a multi-methodological study. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  71 (6). 671-682 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.2007.071.6.671'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.2007.071.6.671\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.2007.071.6.671",{"id":600,"year":601,"html":602,"doi":603},395929,2008,"Gatta, G. D., Rotiroti, N., Ballaran, T. B., Pavese, A. (2008) Leucite at high pressure: Elastic behavior, phase stability, and petrological implications. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  93 (10) 1588-1596 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2008.2932'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam.2008.2932\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fam\u002Fvol93\u002FAM93_1588.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam.2008.2932",{"id":605,"year":606,"html":607,"doi":608},397685,2015,"Aktas, Oktay, Carpenter, Michael A., Salje, Ekhard K.H. (2015) Elastic softening of leucite and the lack of polar domain boundaries. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  100 (10) 2159-2162 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2015-5313ccby'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2015-5313ccby\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2015-5313ccby",[610,617,622,632,637,646,654,660,668,673,678,687,697,706,713,721,728,733,742,752,760,768,775,782,788,793,798,804,811,819,826,832,839,846,853,860,867,875,881,886,891,897,902,907,912,917,923,933,941,949,954,959,969,977,983,988,993,999,1004,1010,1015],{"id":611,"source_url":612,"license_code":613,"credit_html":614,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":615,"original_height":616},30089,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65328","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65328\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,899,{"id":618,"source_url":619,"license_code":613,"credit_html":620,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":615,"original_height":621},30090,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F179076","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F179076\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",923,{"id":623,"source_url":624,"license_code":625,"credit_html":626,"title":627,"description":628,"author":629,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},14399,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15303881","CC BY-SA 3.0","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15303881\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite.JPG","crystals of leucite, crystals of quartz : Samchampi-Samteran alkaline igneous complex, Karbi Anglong District, Assam, India","Parent Géry",4288,2848,{"id":633,"source_url":634,"license_code":613,"credit_html":635,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":615,"original_height":636},30091,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65351","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65351\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",789,{"id":638,"source_url":639,"license_code":625,"credit_html":640,"title":641,"description":642,"author":643,"original_width":644,"original_height":645},64372,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=3099389","Aangelo, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=3099389\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite - Roccamonfina, Lazio, Italia 01.jpg","Leucite - Roccamonfina,caserta, Italy","Aangelo",3264,2448,{"id":647,"source_url":648,"license_code":625,"credit_html":649,"title":650,"description":651,"author":629,"original_width":652,"original_height":653},14400,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15304180","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15304180\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite 1.jpg","crystals of leucite, crystals of quartz : Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil",3869,2748,{"id":655,"source_url":656,"license_code":657,"credit_html":658,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":615,"original_height":659},30092,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114931","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F114931\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",666,{"id":661,"source_url":662,"license_code":663,"credit_html":664,"title":665,"description":666,"author":667,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},64373,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5543567","Public domain","Géry PARENT, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=5543567\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite.jpg","leucite, quartz : Samchampi-Samteran alkaline igneous complex, Karbi Anglong District, Assam, India","Géry PARENT",{"id":669,"source_url":670,"license_code":625,"credit_html":671,"title":672,"description":651,"author":629,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},14401,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15304183","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15304183\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite 3.jpg",{"id":674,"source_url":675,"license_code":625,"credit_html":676,"title":677,"description":628,"author":629,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},14402,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17574581","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17574581\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite 8.JPG",{"id":679,"source_url":680,"license_code":625,"credit_html":681,"title":682,"description":683,"author":684,"original_width":685,"original_height":686},64374,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140156","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10140156\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite-120540.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLeucite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Leucite\">Leucite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMount_Vesuvius\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Mount Vesuvius\">Mt. Vesuvius\u003C\u002Fa>, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FProvince_of_Naples\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Province of Naples\">Naples Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCampania\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Campania\">Campania\u003C\u002Fa>, Italy (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-145740.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.4 x 2.2 x 2.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fine crystal of this potassium aluminum silicate from the TYPE LOCALITY, the volcanic Mt. Vesuvius (leucites form from cooling lava, taking on this trapezohedral form). Yes, the same Mt. Vesuvius that formed this leucite crystal famously destroyed Pompeii in 79 AD.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",600,526,{"id":688,"source_url":689,"license_code":690,"credit_html":691,"title":692,"description":693,"author":694,"original_width":695,"original_height":696},14403,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27871248","CC BY 3.0","Kelly Nash, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27871248\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite-474014.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLeucite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Leucite\">Leucite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Poggio Nibbio, Vico Lake, Viterbo Province, Latium, Italy\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Leucite crystals in lava rock, 48 x 40 x 35 mm. K. Nash specimen & photo.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Kelly Nash",1024,818,{"id":698,"source_url":699,"license_code":613,"credit_html":700,"title":701,"description":702,"author":703,"original_width":704,"original_height":705},14404,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44917226","Strekeisen, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=44917226\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Cartwheel Leucite.JPG","Skeletal leucite (Cartwheel) from vulsini volcano, Central Italy. Plane polarized light image, magnification 20x (Field of view = 1mm)","Strekeisen",5184,3456,{"id":707,"source_url":708,"license_code":625,"credit_html":709,"title":710,"description":651,"author":629,"original_width":711,"original_height":712},64376,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15304184","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15304184\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite 4.jpg",3428,2491,{"id":714,"source_url":715,"license_code":625,"credit_html":716,"title":717,"description":718,"author":629,"original_width":719,"original_height":720},64377,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15304243","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15304243\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite 5.JPG","crystals of leucite, crystals of quartz :Samchampi-Samteran alkaline igneous complex, Karbi Anglong District, Assam, India",3519,2745,{"id":722,"source_url":723,"license_code":625,"credit_html":724,"title":725,"description":628,"author":629,"original_width":726,"original_height":727},64378,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15304261","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=15304261\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite 6.JPG",3265,2356,{"id":729,"source_url":730,"license_code":625,"credit_html":731,"title":732,"description":628,"author":629,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},64379,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17574544","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=17574544\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite 7.JPG",{"id":734,"source_url":735,"license_code":663,"credit_html":736,"title":737,"description":738,"author":739,"original_width":740,"original_height":741},64382,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27871141","Giorgio Agostinelli, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=27871141\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite-449115.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLeucite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Leucite\">Leucite\u003C\u002Fa> (Crystal size 2.5 cm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Ariccia, Alban Hills, Rome Province, Latium, Italy\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Giorgio Agostinelli",911,868,{"id":743,"source_url":744,"license_code":745,"credit_html":746,"title":747,"description":748,"author":749,"original_width":750,"original_height":751},64385,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746189","CC BY 2.0","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746189\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite lamproite (P Hill intrusion, Noonkanbah Lamproite Field, West Kimberley Lamproite Province, Early Miocene, 18-20 Ma; P Hill, northern Western Australia).jpg","Leucite lamproite from the Miocene of Australia (field of view 5.6 cm across).\n\u003Cp>Kimberlites and lamproites have tremendous economic importance because they are host rocks for gem-grade and industrial-grade diamonds.  Kimberlites & lamproites are unusual igneous bodies having overall pipe-shaped geometries.  Their mode of formation is only moderately understood because they have not been observed forming.  Kimberlites & lamproites are known from scattered localities throughout the world - only some are significantly diamondiferous.  Classic localities for diamonds are India and Brazil.  Africa was also discovered to have many kimberlites and is world-famous for producing large numbers of diamonds.  Other notable diamondiferous kimberlite-lamproite occurrences include Russia, China, northwestern Australia, and northwestern Canada.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Kimberlites are named for the town of Kimberley, South Africa.  Several kimberlite pipes occur in the Kimberley area.  Kimberlites have a gently tapering-downward, pipe-shaped cross-section.  Lamproites have a cross-section more closely resembling that of a martini glass.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The northern part of Western Australia has many lamproite intrusions, some of which have been reported to be diamondiferous (usually microdiamondiferous).  The rock shown above is from the Noonkanbah Lamproite Field, one of four fields in the West Kimberley Lamproite Province.  The Noonkanbah Field consists of over two dozen individual lamproitic intrusions of late Early Miocene age (18-20 m.y.).  The sample shown here is from the P Hill intrusion, which is not known to be diamondiferous.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This P Hill rock is a porphyritic leucite lamproite, which is the dominant lamproitic lithology in the West Kimberley Province.  It consists principally of diopside clinopyroxene, leucite, and phlogopite mica (which glitters nicely in the proper light on both broken & cut surfaces).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nLocation: P Hill, Noonkanbah Lamproite Field, West Kimberley Lamproite Province, northwestern Australia (18º 29’ 11” South, 124º 54’ 56” East)","James St. John",1213,759,{"id":753,"source_url":754,"license_code":745,"credit_html":755,"title":756,"description":757,"author":749,"original_width":758,"original_height":759},13047,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746201","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746201\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Lower Pleistocene, 0.95 Ma; quarry on volcanic cone on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, Wyoming, USA) 3.jpg","Weathered wyomingite from the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.\n\u003Cp>The Leucite Hills Volcanic Province of southwestern Wyoming contains some of the rarest rocks on Earth.  Each volcanic center in the Leucite Hills erupted lamproite lava.  Lamproite is a rare, ultrapotassic & ultramafic igneous rock.  It usually occurs in diatremes (= pipe-shaped igneous intrusions).  Occasionally, gem-quality diamonds occur in lamproite diatremes.  Various cinder cone volcanoes in the Leucite Hills erupted four types of lamproite lavas: wyomingite, orendite, olivine orendite, and madupite.  Wyomingite is the most common Leucite Hills lamproite lithology - it is also the \"official state rock\" of Wyoming.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Wyomingite is an attractive rock, having numerous golden-brown phenocrysts of phlogopite mica.  Other minerals in wyomingite rocks include leucite, diopside pyroxene, fluorapatite, and katophorite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: abandoned small quarry on the southern side of a cinder cone volcano on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, northeast of the town of Superior, southwestern Wyoming, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Example references on Leucite Hills geology:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Lange, R.A., I.S.E. Carmichael & C.M. Hall.  2000.  40Ar\u002F39Ar chronology of the Leucite Hills, Wyoming: eruption rates, erosion rates, and an evolving temperature structure of the underlying mantle.  Earth and Planetary Science Letters 174: 329-340.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nSchultz, A.R. & W. Cross.  1912.  Potash-bearing rocks of the Leucite Hills, Sweetwater County, Wyoming.  United States Geological Survey Bulletin 512.  39 pp.",3507,2225,{"id":761,"source_url":762,"license_code":745,"credit_html":763,"title":764,"description":765,"author":749,"original_width":766,"original_height":767},13048,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746212","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746212\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Lower Pleistocene, 0.95 Ma; quarry on volcanic cone on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, Wyoming, USA) 10.jpg","Wyomingite from the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.\n\u003Cp>The Leucite Hills Volcanic Province of southwestern Wyoming contains some of the rarest rocks on Earth.  Each volcanic center in the Leucite Hills erupted lamproite lava.  Lamproite is a rare, ultrapotassic & ultramafic igneous rock.  It usually occurs in diatremes (= pipe-shaped igneous intrusions).  Occasionally, gem-quality diamonds occur in lamproite diatremes.  Various cinder cone volcanoes in the Leucite Hills erupted four types of lamproite lavas: wyomingite, orendite, olivine orendite, and madupite.  Wyomingite is the most common Leucite Hills lamproite lithology - it is also the \"official state rock\" of Wyoming.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Wyomingite is an attractive rock, having numerous golden-brown phenocrysts of phlogopite mica.  Other minerals in wyomingite rocks include leucite, diopside pyroxene, fluorapatite, and katophorite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: abandoned small quarry on the southern side of a cinder cone volcano on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, northeast of the town of Superior, southwestern Wyoming, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Example references on Leucite Hills geology:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Lange, R.A., I.S.E. Carmichael & C.M. Hall.  2000.  40Ar\u002F39Ar chronology of the Leucite Hills, Wyoming: eruption rates, erosion rates, and an evolving temperature structure of the underlying mantle.  Earth and Planetary Science Letters 174: 329-340.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nSchultz, A.R. & W. Cross.  1912.  Potash-bearing rocks of the Leucite Hills, Sweetwater County, Wyoming.  United States Geological Survey Bulletin 512.  39 pp.",3615,2236,{"id":769,"source_url":770,"license_code":745,"credit_html":771,"title":772,"description":765,"author":749,"original_width":773,"original_height":774},13049,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746222","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746222\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Lower Pleistocene, 0.95 Ma; quarry on volcanic cone on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, Wyoming, USA) 14.jpg",3700,2031,{"id":776,"source_url":777,"license_code":745,"credit_html":778,"title":779,"description":765,"author":749,"original_width":780,"original_height":781},13050,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746236","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746236\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Lower Pleistocene, 0.95 Ma; quarry on volcanic cone on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, Wyoming, USA) 27.jpg",3509,2280,{"id":783,"source_url":784,"license_code":745,"credit_html":785,"title":786,"description":787,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},19876,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240252","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240252\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Madupite lamproite (Late Pliocene, 3 Ma; Pilot Butte volcanic center, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 8.jpg","Madupite lamproite in the Pliocene of Wyoming, USA\n\u003Cp>Southwestern Wyoming's Leucite Hills are a group of Pliocene to Pleistocene volcanic centers that erupted lamproite lavas, a rare extrusive igneous lithology.  Based on chemistry and mineral content, the Leucite Hills lamproite lavas have been categorized as wyomingite, orendite, or madupite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Volcanism in this area may possibly be due to Yellowstone Hotspot fringe melting of the mantle.  The lamproites appear to be derived from lherzolite-harzburgite mantle rocks that were metasomatically enriched in phlogopitic veins at >1.2 Ga (the latter may be caused by Precambrian subduction along the Wyoming Craton margin).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The outcrop seen here is at Pilot Butte, the southwestern-most volcanic center in the Leucite Hills.  It is composed of madupite, the rarest type of lamproite.  The rocks are referred to as diopside lamproites.  Pilot Butte madupite is composed of phlogopite mica, diopside pyroxene, leucite, magnophorite (= titanian potassic richterite amphibole), apatite, magnetite, and perovskite.  The diopside occurs as microphenocrysts.  The phlogopite is poikilitic around the diopside phenocrysts.  Some glassy material is also present.  Chemical analyses show that madupite is ultramafic (~42.6 to ~43.6 wt.% silica), magnesium-rich (~11 wt.%), calcium-rich (~12 wt.%), potassium-rich (~7 to 8 wt.%), and sodium-poor.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Age: Late Pliocene, 3 Ma\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: northern flanks of Pilot Butte, southwestern Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, 8 miles northwest of the town of Rock Springs, Sweetwater County, southwestern Wyoming, USA (vicinity of 41° 38' 43.76\" North latitude, 109° 20' 53.51\" West longitude)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Synthesized from info. in:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Barton, M. & D.L. Hamilton.  1979.  The melting relationships of a madupite from the Leucite Hills, Wyoming, to 30 Kb.  Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 69: 133-142.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Lange, R.A., I.S.E. Carmichael & C.M. Hall.  2000.  40Ar\u002F39Ar chronology of the Leucite Hills, Wyoming: eruption rates, erosion rates, and an evolving temperature structure of the underlying mantle.  Earth and Planetary Science Letters 174: 329-340.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nSchultz, A.R. & W. Cross.  1912.  Potash-bearing rocks of the Leucite Hills, Sweetwater County, Wyoming.  United States Geological Survey Bulletin 512.  39 pp.",{"id":789,"source_url":790,"license_code":745,"credit_html":791,"title":792,"description":787,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},19877,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240254","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240254\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Madupite lamproite (Late Pliocene, 3 Ma; Pilot Butte volcanic center, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 10.jpg",{"id":794,"source_url":795,"license_code":745,"credit_html":796,"title":797,"description":787,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},19878,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240258","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240258\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Madupite lamproite (Late Pliocene, 3 Ma; Pilot Butte volcanic center, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 12.jpg",{"id":799,"source_url":800,"license_code":745,"credit_html":801,"title":802,"description":803,"author":749,"original_width":631,"original_height":630},19950,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83433021","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83433021\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Pleistocene, 950-960 ka; Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 54 (48965044568).jpg","\u003Cp>Wyomingite in the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Southwestern Wyoming's Leucite Hills are a group of Pliocene to Pleistocene volcanic centers that erupted lamproite lavas, a rare extrusive igneous lithology.  Based on chemistry and mineral content, the Leucite Hills lamproite lavas have been categorized as wyomingite, orendite, or madupite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Volcanism in this area may possibly be due to Yellowstone Hotspot fringe melting of the mantle.  The lamproites appear to be derived from lherzolite-harzburgite mantle rocks that were metasomatically enriched in phlogopitic veins at >1.2 Ga (the latter may be caused by Precambrian subduction along the Wyoming Craton margin).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Seen here is a wyomingite exposure at Zirkel Mesa, a volcanic center in the northwestern-most Leucite Hills.  Wyomingite is the most common type of lamproite in the area, and the \"state rock\" of Wyoming.  The lithology is also known as diopside-leucite-phlogopite lamproite.  Diopside is a type of pyroxene.  Leucite is a feldspathoid mineral.  Phlogopite is a golden-brown colored type of mica - this material makes wyomingite rocks sparkle in bright light.  Other minerals in wyomingite rocks include richterite amphibole, priderite (= potassium titanium iron oxide), wadeite (= potassium zirconium silicate), and apatite (= calcium phosphate).  Zirkel Mesa wyomingite is mafic, with 55% silica.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Age: Pleistocene, 950-960 ka\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: old quarry at the southern edge of western Zirkel Mesa, southeastern Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, Sweetwater County, southwestern Wyoming, USA (vicinity of 41° 47' 19.12\" North latitude, 108° 56' 16.02\" West longitude)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Example Leucite Hills references:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Lange, R.A., I.S.E. Carmichael & C.M. Hall.  2000.  40Ar\u002F39Ar chronology of the Leucite Hills, Wyoming: eruption rates, erosion rates, and an evolving temperature structure of the underlying mantle.  Earth and Planetary Science Letters 174: 329-340.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Mirnejad, H. & K. Bell.  2006.  Origin and source evolution of the Leucite Hills lamproites: evidene from Sr-Nd-Pb-O isotopic compositions.  Journal of Petrology 47: 2463-2489.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nSchultz, A.R. & W. Cross.  1912.  Potash-bearing rocks of the Leucite Hills, Sweetwater County, Wyoming.  United States Geological Survey Bulletin 512.  39 pp.",{"id":805,"source_url":806,"license_code":745,"credit_html":807,"title":808,"description":809,"author":749,"original_width":810,"original_height":122},62314,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240216","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240216\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite lamproite (Lower Pleistocene, 0.95 Ma; quarry on volcanic cone on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, NE of town of Superior, southwestern Wyoming, USA).jpg","Slightly vesicular wyomingite lamproite with abundant golden-brown phlogopite mica phenocrysts from the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA (9.3 cm across at its widest).\n\u003Cp>The Leucite Hills Volcanic Province of southwestern Wyoming contains some of the rarest rocks on Earth.  Each volcanic center in the Leucite Hills erupted lamproite lava.  Lamproite is a rare, ultrapotassic & ultramafic igneous rock.  It usually occurs in diatremes (= pipe-shaped igneous intrusions).  Occasionally, gem-quality diamonds occur in lamproite diatremes.  Various cinder cone volcanoes in the Leucite Hills erupted four types of lamproite lavas: wyomingite, orendite, olivine orendite, and madupite.  Wyomingite is the most common Leucite Hills lamproite lithology - it is also the \"official state rock\" of Wyoming.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Wyomingite is an attractive rock, having numerous golden-brown phenocrysts of phlogopite mica.  Other minerals in wyomingite rocks include leucite, diopside pyroxene, fluorapatite, and katophorite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: abandoned small quarry on the southern side of a cinder cone volcano on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, northeast of the town of Superior, southwestern Wyoming, USA.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Example references on Leucite Hills geology:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Lange, R.A., I.S.E. Carmichael & C.M. Hall.  2000.  40Ar\u002F39Ar chronology of the Leucite Hills, Wyoming: eruption rates, erosion rates, and an evolving temperature structure of the underlying mantle.  Earth and Planetary Science Letters 174: 329-340.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nSchultz, A.R. & W. Cross.  1912.  Potash-bearing rocks of the Leucite Hills, Sweetwater County, Wyoming.  United States Geological Survey Bulletin 512.  39 pp.",4384,{"id":812,"source_url":813,"license_code":745,"credit_html":814,"title":815,"description":816,"author":749,"original_width":817,"original_height":818},62326,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746198","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746198\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Lower Pleistocene, 0.95 Ma; quarry on volcanic cone on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, Wyoming, USA) 2.jpg","Slightly vesicular wyomingite from the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA (9.3 centimeters across at its widest).\n\u003Cp>The Leucite Hills Volcanic Province of southwestern Wyoming contains some of the rarest rocks on Earth.  Each volcanic center in the Leucite Hills erupted lamproite lava.  Lamproite is a rare, ultrapotassic & ultramafic igneous rock.  It usually occurs in diatremes (= pipe-shaped igneous intrusions).  Occasionally, gem-quality diamonds occur in lamproite diatremes.  Various cinder cone volcanoes in the Leucite Hills erupted four types of lamproite lavas: wyomingite, orendite, olivine orendite, and madupite.  Wyomingite is the most common Leucite Hills lamproite lithology - it is also the \"official state rock\" of Wyoming.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Wyomingite is an attractive rock, having numerous golden-brown phenocrysts of phlogopite mica.  Other minerals in wyomingite rocks include leucite, diopside pyroxene, fluorapatite, and katophorite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: abandoned small quarry on the southern side of a cinder cone volcano on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, northeast of the town of Superior, southwestern Wyoming, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Example references on Leucite Hills geology:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Lange, R.A., I.S.E. Carmichael & C.M. Hall.  2000.  40Ar\u002F39Ar chronology of the Leucite Hills, Wyoming: eruption rates, erosion rates, and an evolving temperature structure of the underlying mantle.  Earth and Planetary Science Letters 174: 329-340.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nSchultz, A.R. & W. Cross.  1912.  Potash-bearing rocks of the Leucite Hills, Sweetwater County, Wyoming.  United States Geological Survey Bulletin 512.  39 pp.",3284,2223,{"id":820,"source_url":821,"license_code":745,"credit_html":822,"title":823,"description":765,"author":749,"original_width":824,"original_height":825},62327,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746202","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746202\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Lower Pleistocene, 0.95 Ma; quarry on volcanic cone on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, Wyoming, USA) 4.jpg",2941,1869,{"id":827,"source_url":828,"license_code":745,"credit_html":829,"title":830,"description":765,"author":749,"original_width":831,"original_height":781},62328,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746207","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746207\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Lower Pleistocene, 0.95 Ma; quarry on volcanic cone on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, Wyoming, USA) 7.jpg",2865,{"id":833,"source_url":834,"license_code":745,"credit_html":835,"title":836,"description":765,"author":749,"original_width":837,"original_height":838},62329,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746208","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746208\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Lower Pleistocene, 0.95 Ma; quarry on volcanic cone on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, Wyoming, USA) 5.jpg",2869,2429,{"id":840,"source_url":841,"license_code":745,"credit_html":842,"title":843,"description":765,"author":749,"original_width":844,"original_height":845},62330,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746215","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746215\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Lower Pleistocene, 0.95 Ma; quarry on volcanic cone on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, Wyoming, USA) 12.jpg",3245,2603,{"id":847,"source_url":848,"license_code":745,"credit_html":849,"title":850,"description":765,"author":749,"original_width":851,"original_height":852},62331,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746218","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746218\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Lower Pleistocene, 0.95 Ma; quarry on volcanic cone on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, Wyoming, USA) 11.jpg",2562,2022,{"id":854,"source_url":855,"license_code":745,"credit_html":856,"title":857,"description":765,"author":749,"original_width":858,"original_height":859},62332,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746221","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746221\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Lower Pleistocene, 0.95 Ma; quarry on volcanic cone on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, Wyoming, USA) 13.jpg",3323,2119,{"id":861,"source_url":862,"license_code":745,"credit_html":863,"title":864,"description":765,"author":749,"original_width":865,"original_height":866},62333,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746223","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746223\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Lower Pleistocene, 0.95 Ma; quarry on volcanic cone on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, Wyoming, USA) 15.jpg",3653,2477,{"id":868,"source_url":869,"license_code":745,"credit_html":870,"title":871,"description":872,"author":749,"original_width":873,"original_height":874},62334,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746224","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=95746224\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Lower Pleistocene, 0.95 Ma; quarry on volcanic cone on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, Wyoming, USA) 24.jpg","Vesicular wyomingite from the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.\n\u003Cp>The Leucite Hills Volcanic Province of southwestern Wyoming contains some of the rarest rocks on Earth.  Each volcanic center in the Leucite Hills erupted lamproite lava.  Lamproite is a rare, ultrapotassic & ultramafic igneous rock.  It usually occurs in diatremes (= pipe-shaped igneous intrusions).  Occasionally, gem-quality diamonds occur in lamproite diatremes.  Various cinder cone volcanoes in the Leucite Hills erupted four types of lamproite lavas: wyomingite, orendite, olivine orendite, and madupite.  Wyomingite is the most common Leucite Hills lamproite lithology - it is also the \"official state rock\" of Wyoming.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Wyomingite is an attractive rock, having numerous golden-brown phenocrysts of phlogopite mica.  Other minerals in wyomingite rocks include leucite, diopside pyroxene, fluorapatite, and katophorite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: abandoned small quarry on the southern side of a cinder cone volcano on Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, northeast of the town of Superior, southwestern Wyoming, USA\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Example references on Leucite Hills geology:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Lange, R.A., I.S.E. Carmichael & C.M. Hall.  2000.  40Ar\u002F39Ar chronology of the Leucite Hills, Wyoming: eruption rates, erosion rates, and an evolving temperature structure of the underlying mantle.  Earth and Planetary Science Letters 174: 329-340.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nSchultz, A.R. & W. Cross.  1912.  Potash-bearing rocks of the Leucite Hills, Sweetwater County, Wyoming.  United States Geological Survey Bulletin 512.  39 pp.",2687,2455,{"id":876,"source_url":877,"license_code":745,"credit_html":878,"title":879,"description":787,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":880},75158,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240245","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240245\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Madupite lamproite (Late Pliocene, 3 Ma; Pilot Butte volcanic center, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 2.jpg",2723,{"id":882,"source_url":883,"license_code":745,"credit_html":884,"title":885,"description":787,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},75159,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240247","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240247\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Madupite lamproite (Late Pliocene, 3 Ma; Pilot Butte volcanic center, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 5.jpg",{"id":887,"source_url":888,"license_code":745,"credit_html":889,"title":890,"description":787,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},75161,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240261","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240261\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Madupite lamproite (Late Pliocene, 3 Ma; Pilot Butte volcanic center, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 14.jpg",{"id":892,"source_url":893,"license_code":745,"credit_html":894,"title":895,"description":896,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},75164,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240267","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83240267\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Sedimentary xenolith in madupite lamproite (Late Pliocene, 3 Ma; Pilot Butte volcanic center, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 1.jpg","Sedimentary xenolith in madupite lamproite in the Pliocene of Wyoming, USA\n\u003Cp>Southwestern Wyoming's Leucite Hills are a group of Pliocene to Pleistocene volcanic centers that erupted lamproite lavas, a rare extrusive igneous lithology.  Based on chemistry and mineral content, the Leucite Hills lamproite lavas have been categorized as wyomingite, orendite, or madupite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Volcanism in this area may possibly be due to Yellowstone Hotspot fringe melting of the mantle.  The lamproites appear to be derived from lherzolite-harzburgite mantle rocks that were metasomatically enriched in phlogopitic veins at >1.2 Ga (the latter may be caused by Precambrian subduction along the Wyoming Craton margin).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The outcrop seen here is at Pilot Butte, the southwestern-most volcanic center in the Leucite Hills.  It is composed of madupite, the rarest type of lamproite.  The rocks are referred to as diopside lamproites.  Pilot Butte madupite is composed of phlogopite mica, diopside pyroxene, leucite, magnophorite (= titanian potassic richterite amphibole), apatite, magnetite, and perovskite.  The diopside occurs as microphenocrysts.  The phlogopite is poikilitic around the diopside phenocrysts.  Some glassy material is also present.  Chemical analyses show that madupite is ultramafic (~42.6 to ~43.6 wt.% silica), magnesium-rich (~11 wt.%), calcium-rich (~12 wt.%), potassium-rich (~7 to 8 wt.%), and sodium-poor.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Age: Late Pliocene, 3 Ma\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: northern flanks of Pilot Butte, southwestern Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, 8 miles northwest of the town of Rock Springs, Sweetwater County, southwestern Wyoming, USA (vicinity of 41° 38' 43.76\" North latitude, 109° 20' 53.51\" West longitude)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Synthesized from info. in:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Barton, M. & D.L. Hamilton.  1979.  The melting relationships of a madupite from the Leucite Hills, Wyoming, to 30 Kb.  Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 69: 133-142.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Lange, R.A., I.S.E. Carmichael & C.M. Hall.  2000.  40Ar\u002F39Ar chronology of the Leucite Hills, Wyoming: eruption rates, erosion rates, and an evolving temperature structure of the underlying mantle.  Earth and Planetary Science Letters 174: 329-340.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nSchultz, A.R. & W. Cross.  1912.  Potash-bearing rocks of the Leucite Hills, Sweetwater County, Wyoming.  United States Geological Survey Bulletin 512.  39 pp.",{"id":898,"source_url":899,"license_code":745,"credit_html":900,"title":901,"description":803,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},76910,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83433011","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83433011\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Pleistocene, 950-960 ka; Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 50 (48965052433).jpg",{"id":903,"source_url":904,"license_code":745,"credit_html":905,"title":906,"description":803,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},85518,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432894","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432894\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Pleistocene, 950-960 ka; Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 11 (48964092216).jpg",{"id":908,"source_url":909,"license_code":745,"credit_html":910,"title":911,"description":803,"author":749,"original_width":631,"original_height":630},85520,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432935","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432935\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Pleistocene, 950-960 ka; Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 28 (48963591488).jpg",{"id":913,"source_url":914,"license_code":745,"credit_html":915,"title":916,"description":803,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},85521,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432942","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432942\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Pleistocene, 950-960 ka; Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 27 (48964323377).jpg",{"id":918,"source_url":919,"license_code":745,"credit_html":920,"title":921,"description":803,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":922},85523,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83433035","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83433035\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Pleistocene, 950-960 ka; Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 55 (48965085583).jpg",2074,{"id":924,"source_url":925,"license_code":926,"credit_html":927,"title":928,"description":929,"author":930,"original_width":931,"original_height":932},14397,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=289648","CC BY-SA 2.5","Eurico Zimbres (FGEL\u002FUERJ), via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=289648\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","PseudoleucitaEZ.jpg","Pseudomorph of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fkaolinite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:kaolinite\">kaolinite\u003C\u002Fa> after \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fleucite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:leucite\">leucite\u003C\u002Fa>. Size: 1.5 × 1.5 cm. Specimens from Brazil, and belong to Professor José Luis Peixoto Neves (Faculty of Geology, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRio_de_Janeiro_State_University\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Rio de Janeiro State University\">UERJ\u003C\u002Fa>).","Eurico Zimbres (FGEL\u002FUERJ)",650,542,{"id":934,"source_url":935,"license_code":663,"credit_html":936,"title":937,"description":938,"author":939,"original_width":940,"original_height":940},14398,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956123","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=1956123\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite in rock w- nepheline Potassium aluminum silicate Albano Hills Italy 1927.jpg","These mineral images are free to use how you wish.","Dave Dyet http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shutterstone.com http:\u002F\u002Fwww.dyet.com",900,{"id":942,"source_url":943,"license_code":625,"credit_html":944,"title":945,"description":946,"author":684,"original_width":947,"original_height":948},2295,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10127200","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10127200\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite-Augite-39143.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLeucite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Leucite\">Leucite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAugite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Augite\">Augite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRoccamonfina\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Roccamonfina\">Roccamonfina\u003C\u002Fa>, Roccamonfina Volcanic Complex, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FProvince_of_Caserta\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Province of Caserta\">Caserta Province\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCampania\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Campania\">Campania\u003C\u002Fa>, Italy (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4544.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Leucite is a relatively rare feldspathoid, and this is a classic for the species. The trapezohedral crystal is sharp, the color is good, and the luster very good. And the coup de grace is an Augite crystal embedded in the Leucite crytal that for all the world will remind you of Snoopy. Too cool. 2.5 x 2.3 x 1.8 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",359,400,{"id":950,"source_url":951,"license_code":625,"credit_html":952,"title":953,"description":628,"author":629,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},64380,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=24159912","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=24159912\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite, quartz 1.JPG",{"id":955,"source_url":956,"license_code":625,"credit_html":957,"title":958,"description":628,"author":629,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},64381,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=24159914","Parent Géry, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=24159914\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Leucite, quartz 2.JPG",{"id":960,"source_url":961,"license_code":962,"credit_html":963,"title":964,"description":965,"author":966,"original_width":967,"original_height":968},14406,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=74647943","CC0 1.0","Ruthven, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=74647943\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fonolite a leucite - Collezione mineralogica - Università dell’Insubria.jpg","Fonolite a leucite, dai monti Vulsini (RE 9)","Ruthven",4010,2549,{"id":970,"source_url":971,"license_code":745,"credit_html":972,"title":973,"description":974,"author":749,"original_width":975,"original_height":976},1892,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83657444","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83657444\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Phlogopite leucite lamproite lava (Ellendale Center No. 5, Lower Miocene, 19-22 Ma; Ellendale Lamproite Field, northeastern Canning Basin, northern Western Australia) 1 (15034287211).jpg","\u003Cp>Phlogopite leucite lamproite lava from the Miocene of Australia (field of view ~7.5 cm across).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Kimberlites and lamproites have tremendous economic importance because they are host rocks for gem-grade and industrial-grade diamonds.  Kimberlites & lamproites are unusual igneous bodies having overall pipe-shaped geometries.  Their mode of formation is only moderately understood because they have not been observed forming.  Kimberlites & lamproites are known from scattered localities throughout the world - only some are significantly diamondiferous.  Classic localities for diamonds are India and Brazil.  Africa was also discovered to have many kimberlites and is world-famous for producing large numbers of diamonds.  Other notable diamondiferous kimberlite-lamproite occurrences include Russia, China, northwestern Australia, and northwestern Canada.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Kimberlites are named for the town of Kimberley, South Africa.  Several kimberlite pipes occur in the Kimberley area.  Kimberlites have a gently tapering-downward, pipe-shaped cross-section.  Lamproites have a cross-section more closely resembling that of a martini glass.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Western Australia's Ellendale Lamproite Field contains diamondiferous lamproite intrusions.  Interestingly, lamproite lava (= extrusive lamproite) is associated with some of the Ellendale lamproite bodies.  Lamproite lava is a rare rock type (ordinary intrusive lamproite pipes themselves are also rare).  The rock shown here is a lamproite lava sample that's gorgeous in a way that the photo can't convey.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The unweathered matrix is light gray-brown, and the large phenocrysts (black-looking or dark brown-looking or sparkly white in the photos below) are intensely lustrous golden-brown phlogopite mica crystals (ideally KMg3(Si3Al)O10(F,OH)2 - potassium-magnesium hydroxy-fluoro-aluminosilicate).  Many of them display well-defined hexagonal crystal structures.  I'm not exactly sure about the mineral content of the matrix - it possibly has titanate minerals (having TiO3) or armalcolite ((Mg,Fe,Al)(Ti,Fe)2O5).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nThis rock comes from the Ellendale Center No. 5, a subcommercially diamondiferous lamproite body in the Ellendale Lamproite Field, northeastern margin of the Canning Basin, Kimberley, northern Western Australia.  This Ellendale lamproite lava is Early Miocene in age (19-22 Ma).",3008,2000,{"id":978,"source_url":979,"license_code":745,"credit_html":980,"title":981,"description":982,"author":749,"original_width":975,"original_height":976},1891,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83657443","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83657443\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Phlogopite leucite lamproite lava (Ellendale Center No. 5, Lower Miocene, 19-22 Ma; Ellendale Lamproite Field, northeastern Canning Basin, northern Western Australia) 2 (14850744068).jpg","\u003Cp>Phlogopite leucite lamproite lava from the Miocene of Australia (field of view ~3.5 cm across).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Kimberlites and lamproites have tremendous economic importance because they are host rocks for gem-grade and industrial-grade diamonds.  Kimberlites & lamproites are unusual igneous bodies having overall pipe-shaped geometries.  Their mode of formation is only moderately understood because they have not been observed forming.  Kimberlites & lamproites are known from scattered localities throughout the world - only some are significantly diamondiferous.  Classic localities for diamonds are India and Brazil.  Africa was also discovered to have many kimberlites and is world-famous for producing large numbers of diamonds.  Other notable diamondiferous kimberlite-lamproite occurrences include Russia, China, northwestern Australia, and northwestern Canada.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Kimberlites are named for the town of Kimberley, South Africa.  Several kimberlite pipes occur in the Kimberley area.  Kimberlites have a gently tapering-downward, pipe-shaped cross-section.  Lamproites have a cross-section more closely resembling that of a martini glass.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Western Australia's Ellendale Lamproite Field contains diamondiferous lamproite intrusions.  Interestingly, lamproite lava (= extrusive lamproite) is associated with some of the Ellendale lamproite bodies.  Lamproite lava is a rare rock type (ordinary intrusive lamproite pipes themselves are also rare).  The rock shown here is a lamproite lava sample that's gorgeous in a way that the photo can't convey.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The unweathered matrix is light gray-brown, and the large phenocrysts (black-looking or dark brown-looking or sparkly white in the photos below) are intensely lustrous golden-brown phlogopite mica crystals (ideally KMg3(Si3Al)O10(F,OH)2 - potassium-magnesium hydroxy-fluoro-aluminosilicate).  Many of them display well-defined hexagonal crystal structures.  I'm not exactly sure about the mineral content of the matrix - it possibly has titanate minerals (having TiO3) or armalcolite ((Mg,Fe,Al)(Ti,Fe)2O5).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nThis rock comes from the Ellendale Center No. 5, a subcommercially diamondiferous lamproite body in the Ellendale Lamproite Field, northeastern margin of the Canning Basin, Kimberley, northern Western Australia.  This Ellendale lamproite lava is Early Miocene in age (19-22 Ma).",{"id":984,"source_url":985,"license_code":745,"credit_html":986,"title":987,"description":803,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},19880,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432889","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432889\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Pleistocene, 950-960 ka; Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 3 (48960894923).jpg",{"id":989,"source_url":990,"license_code":745,"credit_html":991,"title":992,"description":803,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},19881,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432895","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432895\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Pleistocene, 950-960 ka; Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 9 (48960885373).jpg",{"id":994,"source_url":995,"license_code":745,"credit_html":996,"title":997,"description":803,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":998},19883,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432919","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432919\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Pleistocene, 950-960 ka; Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 22 (48964335012).jpg",2440,{"id":1000,"source_url":1001,"license_code":745,"credit_html":1002,"title":1003,"description":803,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},19884,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432928","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432928\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Pleistocene, 950-960 ka; Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 25 (48964328457).jpg",{"id":1005,"source_url":1006,"license_code":745,"credit_html":1007,"title":1008,"description":1009,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},19885,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432976","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83432976\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite with xenolith (Pleistocene, 950-960 ka; Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 4 (48964798682).jpg","\u003Cp>Wyomingite with xenolith in the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Southwestern Wyoming's Leucite Hills are a group of Pliocene to Pleistocene volcanic centers that erupted lamproite lavas, a rare extrusive igneous lithology.  Based on chemistry and mineral content, the Leucite Hills lamproite lavas have been categorized as wyomingite, orendite, or madupite.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Volcanism in this area may possibly be due to Yellowstone Hotspot fringe melting of the mantle.  The lamproites appear to be derived from lherzolite-harzburgite mantle rocks that were metasomatically enriched in phlogopitic veins at >1.2 Ga (the latter may be caused by Precambrian subduction along the Wyoming Craton margin).\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Seen here is a wyomingite exposure at Zirkel Mesa, a volcanic center in the northwestern-most Leucite Hills.  Wyomingite is the most common type of lamproite in the area, and the \"state rock\" of Wyoming.  The lithology is also known as diopside-leucite-phlogopite lamproite.  Diopside is a type of pyroxene.  Leucite is a feldspathoid mineral.  Phlogopite is a golden-brown colored type of mica - this material makes wyomingite rocks sparkle in bright light.  Other minerals in wyomingite rocks include richterite amphibole, priderite (= potassium titanium iron oxide), wadeite (= potassium zirconium silicate), and apatite (= calcium phosphate).  Zirkel Mesa wyomingite is mafic, with 55% silica.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Age: Pleistocene, 950-960 ka\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Locality: old quarry at the southern edge of western Zirkel Mesa, southeastern Leucite Hills Volcanic Province, Sweetwater County, southwestern Wyoming, USA (vicinity of 41° 47' 19.12\" North latitude, 108° 56' 16.02\" West longitude)\n\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr>\n\u003Cp>Example Leucite Hills references:\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Lange, R.A., I.S.E. Carmichael & C.M. Hall.  2000.  40Ar\u002F39Ar chronology of the Leucite Hills, Wyoming: eruption rates, erosion rates, and an evolving temperature structure of the underlying mantle.  Earth and Planetary Science Letters 174: 329-340.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Mirnejad, H. & K. Bell.  2006.  Origin and source evolution of the Leucite Hills lamproites: evidene from Sr-Nd-Pb-O isotopic compositions.  Journal of Petrology 47: 2463-2489.\n\u003C\u002Fp>\nSchultz, A.R. & W. Cross.  1912.  Potash-bearing rocks of the Leucite Hills, Sweetwater County, Wyoming.  United States Geological Survey Bulletin 512.  39 pp.",{"id":1011,"source_url":1012,"license_code":745,"credit_html":1013,"title":1014,"description":803,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},19886,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83433008","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83433008\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite (Pleistocene, 950-960 ka; Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 48 (48965778102).jpg",{"id":1016,"source_url":1017,"license_code":745,"credit_html":1018,"title":1019,"description":1009,"author":749,"original_width":630,"original_height":631},19887,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83433028","James St. John, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=83433028\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Wyomingite with xenolith (Pleistocene, 950-960 ka; Zirkel Mesa, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA) 6 (48965042413).jpg",[1021,1027,1032,1037,1042],{"id":1022,"url":1023,"label":1024,"formula":1025,"spacegroup":1026,"year":601},7611,"\u002Fcif\u002F7611.cif","Gatta 2008","K.948 Na.026 (Fe.009 Al.99 Si2.001) O6","I 41\u002Fa",{"id":1028,"url":1029,"label":1030,"formula":1031,"spacegroup":1026,"year":571},7617,"\u002Fcif\u002F7617.cif","Palmer 1997 · K (Si2 Al) O6","K (Si2 Al) O6",{"id":1033,"url":1034,"label":1035,"formula":1036,"spacegroup":1026,"year":571},7618,"\u002Fcif\u002F7618.cif","Palmer 1997 · Rb (Si2 Al) O6","Rb (Si2 Al) O6",{"id":1038,"url":1039,"label":1040,"formula":1041,"spacegroup":1026,"year":571},7619,"\u002Fcif\u002F7619.cif","Palmer 1997 · Cs (Si2 Al) O6","Cs (Si2 Al) O6",{"id":1043,"url":1044,"label":1045,"formula":1046,"spacegroup":1026,"year":571},7620,"\u002Fcif\u002F7620.cif","Palmer 1997 · K.9 Si2 O6","K.9 Si2 O6",[1048,1049,1050,1051,1052,1053],"Amphigène","Grenatite  (of Daubenton)","Leukolith","Lezuit","Oeil de perdrix","White Garnet",[1055,1059,1063,1067,1071,1075,1080,1083,1087,1091,1095,1100,1104,1107,1110,1114,1118,1121,1127,1131,1135,1138,1141,1144,1148,1151,1155,1158,1162,1166,1170,1173,1177,1180,1183,1187,1191,1194,1197,1200],{"lang":1056,"names":1057},"ar",[1058],"ليوسيت",{"lang":1060,"names":1061},"az",[1062],"Leysit",{"lang":1064,"names":1065},"be",[1066],"Лейцыт",{"lang":1068,"names":1069},"ca",[1070],"leucita",{"lang":1072,"names":1073},"cs",[1074],"leucit",{"lang":1076,"names":1077},"de",[1078,1079],"Leucit","Leuzit",{"lang":1081,"names":1082},"es",[1070],{"lang":1084,"names":1085},"eu",[1086],"Leuzita",{"lang":1088,"names":1089},"fa",[1090],"لوسیت",{"lang":1092,"names":1093},"fi",[1094],"Leusiitti",{"lang":1096,"names":1097},"fr",[1098,1099],"KAlSi2O6","leucite",{"lang":1101,"names":1102},"he",[1103],"לוסיט",{"lang":1105,"names":1106},"hr",[1078],{"lang":1108,"names":1109},"hu",[1078],{"lang":1111,"names":1112},"hy",[1113],"Լեյցիտ",{"lang":1115,"names":1116},"io",[1117],"Leucito",{"lang":1119,"names":1120},"it",[1099],{"lang":1122,"names":1123},"ja",[1124,1125,1126],"リューサイト","灰霞石","白榴石",{"lang":1128,"names":1129},"kk",[1130],"Лейцит",{"lang":1132,"names":1133},"kk-arab",[1134],"لەيتسىيت",{"lang":1136,"names":1137},"kk-cn",[1134],{"lang":1139,"names":1140},"kk-cyrl",[1130],{"lang":1142,"names":1143},"kk-kz",[1130],{"lang":1145,"names":1146},"kk-latn",[1147],"Leýcït",{"lang":1149,"names":1150},"kk-tr",[1147],{"lang":1152,"names":1153},"ko",[1154],"백류석",{"lang":1156,"names":1157},"ky",[1130],{"lang":1159,"names":1160},"mk",[1161],"леуцит",{"lang":1163,"names":1164},"nb",[1165],"leucitt",{"lang":1167,"names":1168},"nl",[1169],"leuciet",{"lang":1171,"names":1172},"nn",[1165],{"lang":1174,"names":1175},"pl",[1176],"Leucyt",{"lang":1178,"names":1179},"pt",[1070,7],{"lang":1181,"names":1182},"ru",[1130],{"lang":1184,"names":1185},"sl",[1186],"Levcit",{"lang":1188,"names":1189},"sr",[1190],"Леуцит",{"lang":1192,"names":1193},"sv",[1078],{"lang":1195,"names":1196},"uk",[1130],{"lang":1198,"names":1199},"uz",[1062],{"lang":1201,"names":1202},"zh",[1126],"Q419201",{"history":11,"applications":11}]