[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:2394":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":21,"key_elements":22,"impurities":23,"cim":24,"ima_status":25,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":11,"discovery_year":28,"strunz10ed1":29,"strunz10ed2":30,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":33,"dana8ed4":34,"csystem":35,"cclass":36,"spacegroup":37,"spacegroupset":38,"a":39,"b":40,"c":41,"alpha":38,"beta":42,"gamma":38,"aerror":43,"berror":44,"cerror":45,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":46,"z":44,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":47,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":48,"tlform":11,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":38,"vhnmax":38,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":49,"dmeas2":49,"dcalc":50,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":51,"lustretype":52,"commentluster":53,"diapheny":54,"streak":55,"colour":56,"commentcolor":11,"colors":57,"streak_colors":61,"luminescence":11,"uv":62,"cleavage":63,"cleavagetype":64,"fracturetype":65,"tenacity":66,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":67,"opticalsign":68,"opticalalpha":69,"opticalalpha2":70,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":71,"opticalbeta2":72,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":73,"opticalgamma2":74,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":38,"opticalomega2":38,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":38,"opticalepsilon2":38,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":38,"opticaln2":38,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":75,"optical2vcalc2":38,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":76,"optical2vmeasured2":42,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":77,"rimax":78,"opticaldispersion":79,"opticalpleochroism":80,"opticalpleochorismdesc":81,"opticalbirefringence":82,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":83,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":84,"industrial":11,"occurrence":85,"otheroccurrence":86,"type_specimen_store":11,"description_short":87,"aboutname":88,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":89,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":90,"group_members":91,"associates":134,"confused_with":204,"type_localities":207,"occurrence_total":214,"citations":215,"images":410,"structures":505,"synonyms":526,"language_names":543,"wikidata_qid":615,"texts":616},2394,"1:1:2394:4","53c4e1ad-b2dd-4214-9adf-c86eebd3a4f9","Libethenite","Lib",0,"mineral",null,32261,15526,false,"Cu\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)",[17,18,19,20],"Cu","O","P","H",[17,18,19,20],[17],",As,,","19.2.1",[26,27],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED","1823","8","B","30","41","6","2","Orthorhombic",8,73,"0","8.062","8.384","5.881","90",5,4,2,404.27,"None observed.","Crystals short prismatic or slightly elongated [100] with wedge-shaped terminations; also equant. {110} vertically grooved or striated, and {011} striated parallel to the edge with {111}.","3.97","3.972","Vitreous","Sub-Vitreous,Resinous,Waxy,Greasy","Somewhat greasy on fracture surfaces.","Transparent,Translucent","Light green","Light to dark green, blackish green, olive-green; bluish green to light green in transmitted light.",[58,59,60],"green","blue","yellow",[58],"Not fluorescent in UV","Very indistinct on {100} and {010}.","Poor\u002FIndistinct","Irregular\u002FUneven,Conchoidal","brittle","Biaxial","-","1.701","1.704","1.743","1.747","1.787","1.79","88","80",1.701,1.79,"strong r > v","Weak","X= Pale yellowish blue\r\nZ= Pale greenish blue","0.080","XYZ = bca","Readily soluble in acids and ammonia.","Polymetallic hydrothermal or deposit","Oxidized zones of copper deposits.","Olivenite Group. Libethenite-Olivenite Series.\r\nCompare zincolibethenite.\r\n\r\nLibethenite is a secondary copper phosphate mineral found in the oxidized zone of copper ore deposits. The phosphate is often derived from the weathering of apatite and other ...","Named in 1823 by August Breithaupt after the type locality – Ľubietová (Libethen in German, Libetbánya in Hungarian), Slovak Republic. Prior to 1919, the locality was in the territory of Hungary.","2026-05-24 15:29:09",[],[92,100,107,114,122,127],{"id":93,"name":94,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":95,"mindat_formula":95,"hmin":96,"hmax":96,"dmeas":97,"dcalc":98,"primary_image_id":99},21,"Adamite","Zn\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)",3.5,"4.32","4.435",174,{"id":101,"name":102,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":103,"mindat_formula":103,"hmin":104,"hmax":104,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":105,"primary_image_id":106},39638,"Auriacusite","Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>Cu\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)O",3,"4.447",2313,{"id":108,"name":109,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":110,"mindat_formula":110,"hmin":96,"hmax":44,"dmeas":111,"dcalc":112,"primary_image_id":113},1427,"Eveite","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)","3.67","3.75",486,{"id":115,"name":116,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":118,"mindat_formula":118,"hmin":104,"hmax":104,"dmeas":119,"dcalc":120,"primary_image_id":121},2981,"Olivenite","Monoclinic","Cu\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)","4.46","4.45",18071,{"id":123,"name":124,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":125,"mindat_formula":125,"hmin":96,"hmax":96,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":50,"primary_image_id":126},25713,"Zincolibethenite","CuZn(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)",28801,{"id":128,"name":129,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":130,"mindat_formula":130,"hmin":96,"hmax":96,"dmeas":131,"dcalc":132,"primary_image_id":133},31502,"Zincolivenite","CuZn(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)","4.34","4.330",28803,[135,143,150,160,167,174,182,188,196],{"id":136,"name":137,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":138,"mindat_formula":139,"hmin":104,"hmax":96,"dmeas":140,"dcalc":141,"primary_image_id":142},406,"Atacamite","Cu\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","Cu\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl","3.745","3.756",2232,{"id":144,"name":145,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":146,"mindat_formula":146,"hmin":96,"hmax":44,"dmeas":147,"dcalc":148,"primary_image_id":149},447,"Azurite","Cu\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.77","3.834",29186,{"id":151,"name":152,"entrytype":9,"csystem":153,"ima_formula":154,"mindat_formula":155,"hmin":156,"hmax":156,"dmeas":157,"dcalc":158,"primary_image_id":159},945,"Chalcosiderite","Triclinic","CuFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub> · 4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CuFe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>·4H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O",4.5,"3.22","3.28",5242,{"id":161,"name":162,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":163,"mindat_formula":163,"hmin":156,"hmax":156,"dmeas":164,"dcalc":165,"primary_image_id":166},1119,"Conichalcite","CaCu(AsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)","4.33","4.29",29514,{"id":168,"name":169,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":170,"mindat_formula":170,"hmin":96,"hmax":44,"dmeas":171,"dcalc":172,"primary_image_id":173},2550,"Malachite","Cu\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.6","4",30149,{"id":175,"name":176,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":177,"mindat_formula":178,"hmin":45,"hmax":104,"dmeas":179,"dcalc":180,"primary_image_id":181},2801,"Mrázekite","Bi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cu\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","Bi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cu\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>·H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","4.90","5.00",16824,{"id":183,"name":184,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":185,"mindat_formula":185,"hmin":44,"hmax":156,"dmeas":171,"dcalc":186,"primary_image_id":187},3299,"Pseudomalachite","Cu\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.95",20110,{"id":189,"name":190,"entrytype":9,"csystem":191,"ima_formula":192,"mindat_formula":192,"hmin":96,"hmax":44,"dmeas":193,"dcalc":194,"primary_image_id":195},3320,"Pyromorphite","Hexagonal","Pb\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl","7.04","7.109",20271,{"id":197,"name":198,"entrytype":9,"csystem":117,"ima_formula":199,"mindat_formula":200,"hmin":96,"hmax":44,"dmeas":201,"dcalc":202,"primary_image_id":203},4176,"Veszelyite","(Cu,Zn)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Zn(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub> · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","(Cu,Zn)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Zn(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","3.4","3.42",27429,[205,206],{"id":93,"name":94,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":95,"mindat_formula":95,"hmin":96,"hmax":96,"dmeas":97,"dcalc":98,"primary_image_id":99},{"id":108,"name":109,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":110,"mindat_formula":110,"hmin":96,"hmax":44,"dmeas":111,"dcalc":112,"primary_image_id":113},[208],{"id":209,"txt":210,"latitude":211,"longitude":212,"country":213},3054,"Podlipa deposit, Ľubietová, Banská Bystrica District, Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia",48.7472222,19.385,"Slovakia",257,[216,220,224,228,232,236,240,243,247,251,255,259,263,267,271,275,279,283,288,291,296,300,304,309,313,316,320,324,328,332,336,340,344,348,353,358,362,366,371,376,381,386,391,395,400,405],{"id":217,"year":218,"html":219,"doi":11},16115165,1789,"Werner (1789) Bergmaennusches Journal, Freiberg (Neues Bergmannische Journal): 382, 385 (as Olivenerz).",{"id":221,"year":222,"html":223,"doi":11},17557205,1813,"Hausmann, Johann Friedrich Ludwig (1813) \u003Ci>Handbuch der Mineralogie\u003C\u002Fi> (1st ed.). Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fhandbuchdermine01hausgoog\u002Fhandbuchdermine01hausgoog.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":225,"year":226,"html":227,"doi":11},16115167,1821,"Leonhard, K.C. (1821) Handbuch der Oryktognosie. First edition, Heidelberg: 143 (as Octaedrisches Phosphorkupfer).",{"id":229,"year":230,"html":231,"doi":11},18530316,1823,"Breithaupt, August (1823) \u003Ci>Vollständige Charakteristik des Mineral-Systems\u003C\u002Fi> (1st ed.). Arnoldischen Buchhandlung.",{"id":233,"year":234,"html":235,"doi":11},18530121,1832,"Beudant, François-Sulpice (1832) \u003Ci>Traité élémentaire de minéralogie. Deuxiéme Edition [Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy. Second Edition]\u003C\u002Fi> (2nd ed.) Vol. 2 - Tome II [Volume  II]. Chez Verdière. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fbub_gb_XSRCAAAAcAAJ\u002Fbub_gb_XSRCAAAAcAAJ.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":237,"year":238,"html":239,"doi":11},16115170,1858,"Des Cloizeaux (1858) Annales des mines: 14: 343.",{"id":241,"year":238,"html":242,"doi":11},16115171,"Mueller (1858) Journal of the Chemical Society, London: 11: 202.",{"id":244,"year":245,"html":246,"doi":11},16115172,1859,"Field (1859) Chemical Gazette or Journal of Practical Chemistry, London: 17: 400.",{"id":248,"year":249,"html":250,"doi":11},12962148,1860,"Rammelsberg, Carl Friedrich (1860) \u003Ci>Handbuch der Mineralchemie\u003C\u002Fi> (1st ed.) Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdownload\u002Fhandbuchderminer00rammrich\u002Fhandbuchderminer00rammrich.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":252,"year":253,"html":254,"doi":11},16115174,1861,"Debray (1861) Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 52: 44.",{"id":256,"year":257,"html":258,"doi":11},1118643,1868,"Dana, James D., Brush, George Jarvis (1868) \u003Ci>A System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (5th ed.). p.882",{"id":260,"year":261,"html":262,"doi":11},16115176,1879,"Friedel and Sarasin (1879) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 2: 157.",{"id":264,"year":265,"html":266,"doi":11},16115177,1880,"Schrauf (1880) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 4: 19.",{"id":268,"year":269,"html":270,"doi":11},16115178,1890,"Bergemann (1890) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 104: 190.",{"id":272,"year":273,"html":274,"doi":11},1118647,1892,"Dana, Edward Salisbury; Dana, James Dwight (1892) \u003Ci>A System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.",{"id":276,"year":277,"html":278,"doi":11},16115180,1904,"Melczer (1904) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 39: 288.",{"id":280,"year":281,"html":282,"doi":11},4468627,1918,"(1918) \u003Ci>Atlas Der Krystallformen\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 5 - Text - Band V - Kainit-Margarosanit. Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg.",{"id":284,"year":285,"html":286,"doi":287},647767,1921,"Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi> 679. US Geological Survey \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb679'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb679\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0679\u002Freport.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb679",{"id":289,"year":285,"html":290,"doi":11},16105129,"Larsen, E.S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 671, 5-294.",{"id":292,"year":293,"html":294,"doi":295},105293,1936,"Strunz, H. (1936) Vergleichende röntgenographische und morphologische Untersuchung von Andalusit (AlO)AlSiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>, Libethenit (CuOH)CuPO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> und Adamin (ZnOH)ZnAsO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  94 (1-6). 60-73 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1936.94.1.60'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1936.94.1.60\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1936.94.1.60",{"id":297,"year":298,"html":299,"doi":11},16115185,1939,"Heritsch (1939) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 102: 1.",{"id":301,"year":302,"html":303,"doi":11},521031,1940,"Richmond, Wallace E. (1940) Crystal chemistry of the phosphates, arsenates and vanadates of the type A2XO4(Z). \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  25 (7). 441-479 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM25\u002FAM25_441.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":305,"year":306,"html":307,"doi":308},400939,1956,"Guillemin, Claude (1956) Contribution à la minéralogie des arséniates, phosphates et vanadates de cuivre. II. — Phosphates et vanadates de cuivre. \u003Ci>Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie\u003C\u002Fi>,  79 (4). 219-275 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1956.5073'>doi:10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1956.5073\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1956.5073",{"id":310,"year":311,"html":312,"doi":11},12907286,1978,"Korowski, Stanley P., Notebaart, Cor W. (1978) Libethenite from the Rokana Mine, Zambia. \u003Ci>The Mineralogical Record\u003C\u002Fi>, 9 (6) 341-346",{"id":314,"year":311,"html":315,"doi":11},16960015,"Cordsen, A. (1978) A crystal-structure refinement of libethenite. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  16 (2) 153-157 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Frruff_1.0\u002Fuploads\u002FCM16_153.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":317,"year":318,"html":319,"doi":11},16115190,1979,"Keller, P., Hess, H., Zetter, F. (1979) Ladungsbilanzen an den verfeinerten Kristallstrukturen von Libethenit, Adamin und Co2[OH\u002FAsO4] und ihre Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen: 134: 147-156.",{"id":321,"year":322,"html":323,"doi":11},16115191,1980,"Noble, R.J. (1980) Libethenite at the Burra Copper Mine. The Geological Survey of South Australia, Quarterly Geological Notes: 76: 2-5.",{"id":325,"year":326,"html":327,"doi":11},12907783,1984,"Bywater, Scott K.G. (1984) The Libethenite Zone, Burra Mine, South Australia. \u003Ci>The Mineralogical Record\u003C\u002Fi>, 15 (2) 105-108",{"id":329,"year":330,"html":331,"doi":11},16115193,1993,"Yakubovich, O.V., Mel'Nikov, O.K., Wester, D. (1993) Libethenite Cu2(PO4)OH: synthesis, crystal-structure refinement, and comparative crystal chemistry. Crystallography reports: 38(1): 32-36.",{"id":333,"year":330,"html":334,"doi":335},8433927,"Yakubovich, O. V., Melnikov, O. K. (1993) Copper phosphates: libethenite Cu\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH) and Cu\u003Csub>2.5\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn(PO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH) - synthesis and crystal structures. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography\u003C\u002Fi>,  49 (s1). c277 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0108767378092272'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0108767378092272\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0108767378092272",{"id":337,"year":338,"html":339,"doi":11},16115195,1995,"Burns, P.C., Hawthorne, F.C. (1995) Rietveld refinement of the crystal structure of olivenite: a twinned monoclinic structure. The Canadian Mineralogist: 33: 885-888.",{"id":341,"year":338,"html":342,"doi":343},16115194,"Reddy, S. N., Ravikumar, R. V. S. S. N., Reddy, B. J., Rao, P. S. (1995) Optical and EPR spectra of libethenite mineral. \u003Ci>Ferroelectrics\u003C\u002Fi>,  166 (1). 55-62 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F00150199508223572'>doi:10.1080\u002F00150199508223572\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1080\u002F00150199508223572",{"id":345,"year":346,"html":347,"doi":11},16771790,2000,"Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (2000) \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 4 - Arsenates, phosphates, vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.",{"id":349,"year":350,"html":351,"doi":352},2421918,2002,"Frost, Ray L., Williams, Peter A., Martens, Wayde, Kloprogge, J. Theo, Leverett, Peter (2002) Raman spectroscopy of the basic copper phosphate minerals cornetite, libethenite, pseudomalachite, reichenbachite and ludjibaite. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 33 (4). 260-263 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.850'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.850\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.850",{"id":354,"year":355,"html":356,"doi":357},394671,2003,"Martens, Wayde, Frost, Ray L. (2003) An infrared spectroscopic study of the basic copper phosphate minerals: Cornetite, libethenite, and pseudomalachite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  88 (1) 37-46 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2003-0105'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2003-0105\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2003-0105",{"id":359,"year":360,"html":361,"doi":11},16965588,2005,"(2005) Libethenite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Flibethenite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":363,"year":364,"html":365,"doi":11},16693697,2006,"Sejkora, J., Ondruš, P., Fikar, M., Veselovský, F., Mach, Z., Gabašová, A., Škoda, R., Beran, P. (2006) Supergene minerals at the Huber stock and Schnöd stock deposits, Krásno ore district, the Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. \u003Ci>Journal of the Czech Geological Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  51 (1-2) 57-101 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.jgeosci.org\u002Fcontent\u002FJCGS2006_1-2__sejkora2.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":367,"year":368,"html":369,"doi":370},1532893,2007,"Belik, Alexei A., Koo, Hyun-Joo, Whangbo, Myung-Hwan, Tsujii, Naohito, Naumov, Panče, Takayama-Muromachi, Eiji (2007) Magnetic Properties of Synthetic Libethenite Cu2PO4OH:  a New Spin-Gap System. \u003Ci>Inorganic Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  46 (21) 8684-8689 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fic7008418'>doi:10.1021\u002Fic7008418\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1021\u002Fic7008418",{"id":372,"year":373,"html":374,"doi":375},244086,2010,"Zema, M., Tarantino, S. C., Callegari, A. M. (2010) Thermal behaviour of libethenite from room temperature up to dehydration. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  74 (3) 553-565 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fminmag.2010.074.3.553'>doi:10.1180\u002Fminmag.2010.074.3.553\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fminmag.2010.074.3.553",{"id":377,"year":378,"html":379,"doi":380},590290,2011,"Belik, Alexei A., Naumov, Panče, Kim, Jungeun, Tsuda, Shunsuke (2011) Low-temperature structural phase transition in synthetic libethenite Cu2PO4OH. \u003Ci>Journal of Solid State Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  184. 3128-3133 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2011.09.026'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2011.09.026\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.jssc.2011.09.026",{"id":382,"year":383,"html":384,"doi":385},16395602,2014,"Kharbish, Sherif, Andráš, Peter, Luptáková, Jarmila, Milovská, Stanislava (2014) Raman spectra of oriented and non-oriented Cu hydroxy-phosphate minerals: Libethenite, cornetite, pseudomalachite, reichenbachite and ludjibaite. \u003Ci>Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>, 130. 152-163 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2014.01.144'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2014.01.144\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.saa.2014.01.144",{"id":387,"year":388,"html":389,"doi":390},65289,2015,"Majzlan, Juraj, Zittlau, Arne H., Grevel, Klaus-Dieter, Schliesser, Jacob, Woodfield, Brian F., Dachs, Edgar, Števko, Martin, Chovan, Martin, Plášil, Jakub, Sejkora, Jiří, Milovská, Stanislava (2015) Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Equilibria of the Secondary Copper Minerals Libethenite, Olivenite, Pseudomalachite, Kröhnkite, Cyanochroite, and Devilline. \u003Ci>The Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  53 (5) 937-960 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1400066'>doi:10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1400066\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3749\u002Fcanmin.1400066",{"id":392,"year":393,"html":394,"doi":11},16865491,2017,"Števko, Martin, Sejkora, Jiří, Súľovec, Štefan (2017) Príspevok k chemickému zloženiu libethenitu z typovej lokality: ložisko Podlipa, Ľubietová (Slovenská republika) [Contribution to the chemical composition of libethenite from the type locality: Podlipa copper deposit, Ľubietová (Slovak Republic)]. \u003Ci>Bulletin Mineralogie Petrologie\u003C\u002Fi>,  25 (2) 252-259",{"id":396,"year":397,"html":398,"doi":399},15154086,2022,"Majzlan, Juraj, Mathur, Ryan, Milovský, Rastislav, Milovská, Stanislava (2022) Isotopic exchange of oxygen, sulfur, hydrogen and copper between aqueous phase and the copper minerals brochantite, libethenite and olivenite. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>, 86 (4) 644-651 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fmgm.2021.77'>doi:10.1180\u002Fmgm.2021.77\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002Fmgm.2021.77",{"id":401,"year":402,"html":403,"doi":404},16115203,2023,"Majzlan, Juraj, Plumhoff, Alexandra, Števko, Martin, Steciuk, Gwladys, Plášil, Jakub, Dachs, Edgar, Benisek, Artur (2023) Thermodynamic and structural variations along the olivenite–libethenite solid solution. \u003Ci>European Journal of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>,  35 (2). 157-169 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5194\u002Fejm-35-157-2023'>doi:10.5194\u002Fejm-35-157-2023\u003C\u002Fa>","10.5194\u002Fejm-35-157-2023",{"id":406,"year":407,"html":408,"doi":409},17422661,2024,"Waluś, Edyta, Jeleń, Piotr, Kozień, Dawid, Manecki, Maciej (2024) Effect of arsenate and phosphate substitution on hydroxyl group in libethenite Cu2PO4OH - olivenite Cu2AsO4OH solid solution series. \u003Ci>Materials Chemistry and Physics\u003C\u002Fi>,  320. 129391 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.matchemphys.2024.129391'>doi:10.1016\u002Fj.matchemphys.2024.129391\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002Fj.matchemphys.2024.129391",[411,421,428,436,441,448,452,459,464,472,480,486,495],{"id":412,"source_url":413,"license_code":414,"credit_html":415,"title":416,"description":417,"author":418,"original_width":419,"original_height":420},14469,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10166373","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10166373\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Libethenite-245668.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLibethenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Libethenite\">Libethenite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Ľubietová (Libetbánya; Libethen) ore belt, Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBansk%C3%A1_Bystrica_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Banská Bystrica Region\">Banská Bystrica Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Slovakia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-107938.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.7 x 5.5 x 5.3 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This classic Slovakian Libethenite is loaded with sparking green, vitreous, orthorhombic crystals on matrix. Libethenite typically forms from weathered Apatite crystals, and is one of the most distinctive and beautiful colors for a mineral species. These specimens are not terribly common on the market today, and good Libethenites from the type locality are always in high demand. This piece comes from the Richard A. Kosnar Collection and the hand-painted label on the reverse side of the specimen states that it was collected in 1823.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",429,360,{"id":422,"source_url":423,"license_code":424,"credit_html":425,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":426,"original_height":427},30093,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65324","CC BY-SA 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65324\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,947,{"id":429,"source_url":430,"license_code":414,"credit_html":431,"title":432,"description":433,"author":418,"original_width":434,"original_height":435},14470,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168639","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10168639\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Libethenite-258235.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLibethenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Libethenite\">Libethenite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Podlipa and Reinera Mines, Ľubietová (Libetbánya; Libethen) ore belt, Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBansk%C3%A1_Bystrica_Region\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Banská Bystrica Region\">Banská Bystrica Region\u003C\u002Fa>, Slovakia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-3054.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.3 x 7.2 x 5.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Sparkling, gemmy, emerald-green, orthorhombic libethenite microcrystals are festooned on the complimentary malachite crust on quartz matrix on this fine specimen from the Type Locality - Lubietova, Slovakia. Highly representative and very rich combination material from this famous locale. Ex. Wes Parker Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",600,586,{"id":437,"source_url":438,"license_code":424,"credit_html":439,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":426,"original_height":440},30094,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F166201","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F166201\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",750,{"id":442,"source_url":443,"license_code":414,"credit_html":444,"title":445,"description":446,"author":418,"original_width":447,"original_height":434},14471,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10172326","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10172326\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Libethenite-282206.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLibethenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Libethenite\">Libethenite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Luiswishi Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLubumbashi\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Lubumbashi\">Lubumbashi (Elizabethville)\u003C\u002Fa>, Southern area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4332.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 5.6 x 4.8 x 3.0 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A 1.5 cm, highly lustrous, very sharply terminated, dark green libethenite crystal is aesthetically set in a vug in this excellent specimen from an uncommon D.R.C. locale - the Luiswishi Mine. This is an extremely large, very uncommon and very well formed libethenite from any mine in the Congo. Ex. Wes Parker Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",567,{"id":449,"source_url":450,"license_code":424,"credit_html":451,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":426,"original_height":440},30095,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F166203","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F166203\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Tartu, Natural History Museum\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",{"id":453,"source_url":454,"license_code":414,"credit_html":455,"title":456,"description":446,"author":418,"original_width":457,"original_height":458},14472,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10172327","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10172327\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Libethenite-282207.jpg",400,361,{"id":460,"source_url":461,"license_code":424,"credit_html":462,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":426,"original_height":463},30096,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65307","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F65307\" rel=\"noopener\">The Estonian Museum of Natural History\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",773,{"id":465,"source_url":466,"license_code":414,"credit_html":467,"title":468,"description":469,"author":418,"original_width":470,"original_height":471},14473,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10174495","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10174495\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Libethenite-290544.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLibethenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Libethenite\">Libethenite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Rokana Mine, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKitwe\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kitwe\">Kitwe\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCopperbelt_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Copperbelt Province\">Copperbelt Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Zambia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-4349.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.3 x 2.0 x 1.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A superb thumbnail of sharp, highly lustrous, dark green libethenite crystals to 9 mm with flashes of gemmy, green fire mounded on a bit of matrix from the Rokana Mine of Zambia. During the 1970's this locality produced what are the world's finest examples of libethenite. The mine closed in the 1980s.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",465,375,{"id":473,"source_url":474,"license_code":414,"credit_html":475,"title":476,"description":477,"author":418,"original_width":478,"original_height":479},14474,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10478097","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10478097\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Libethenite-tuc1033a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLibethenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Libethenite\">Libethenite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKambove\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kambove\">Kambove\u003C\u002Fa>, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKatanga\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Katanga\">Katanga (Shaba)\u003C\u002Fa>, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-18222.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: small cabinet, 8.0 x 4.6 x 3.3 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Libethenite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>SHARP, intensely colorful crystals to about 3 mm cover this matrix plate and make for a very attractive and significant example of the species for this locale. Although you get larger libethenite from other places, the lustre and sharpness of these crystals is, for me, among the top for the species. They look like little green metallic octohedra at first glance. From the John Ydren collection, purchased for $125 in 1972 (a lot of money for those days!). Again, while you can get bigger crystals, this to me has more flash and color appeal than most, and overall is a superb example of the species.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",1800,1083,{"id":481,"source_url":482,"license_code":414,"credit_html":483,"title":484,"description":477,"author":418,"original_width":478,"original_height":485},14475,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10478105","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10478105\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Libethenite-tuc1033c.jpg",1484,{"id":487,"source_url":488,"license_code":414,"credit_html":489,"title":490,"description":491,"author":492,"original_width":493,"original_height":494},14476,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865825","Christian Rewitzer, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=14865825\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Libethenite-Zapatalite-185529.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLibethenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Libethenite\">Libethenite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FZapatalite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Zapatalite\">Zapatalite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Miguel Vacas Mine, Pardais, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FVila_Vi%C3%A7osa\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Vila Viçosa\">Vila Viçosa\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002F%C3%89vora_District\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Évora District\">Évora District\u003C\u002Fa>, Portugal (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2584.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Libethenite on pale blue zapatalite. Picture width 3 mm. Collection and photograph Christian Rewitzer\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Christian Rewitzer",967,1024,{"id":496,"source_url":497,"license_code":498,"credit_html":499,"title":500,"description":501,"author":502,"original_width":503,"original_height":504},19605,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130432136","CC BY 4.0","Henk Smeets – tomeikminerals.com, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=130432136\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Plimerite libethenite BHB14.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPlimerite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Plimerite\">Plimerite\u003C\u002Fa> with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLibethenite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Libethenite\">libethenite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Field of view: 5 mm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Block 14 opencut, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-73.html\">locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Henk Smeets – tomeikminerals.com",1920,1272,[506,512,517,521],{"id":507,"url":508,"label":509,"formula":510,"spacegroup":511,"year":378},7649,"\u002Fcif\u002F7649.cif","Belik 2011 · Cu2 P O5 H (1)","Cu2 P O5 H","P n n m",{"id":513,"url":514,"label":515,"formula":510,"spacegroup":516,"year":378},7650,"\u002Fcif\u002F7650.cif","Belik 2011 · Cu2 P O5 H (2)","P 1 21\u002Fn 1",{"id":518,"url":519,"label":520,"formula":510,"spacegroup":511,"year":311},7651,"\u002Fcif\u002F7651.cif","Cordsen 1978",{"id":522,"url":523,"label":524,"formula":525,"spacegroup":511,"year":302},7652,"\u002Fcif\u002F7652.cif","Heritsch 1940","O5 P Cu2",[527,528,529,530,531,532,533,534,535,536,537,538,539,540,541,542],"Aferesa","Aphérèse (of Beudant)","Blättricher Olivenmalachit","Blättricher Olivenmalachite","Blättriger Olivenmalachit","Chinoite","Cuivre Phosphaté (of Haüy)","Diprismatischer Oliven-Malachit","Diprismatischer Olivenmalachit","Libetenite","Libethkupfererz","Octaedrisches Phosphorkupfer","Oktaedrisches Phosphorkupfer","Oktaedrisches phosphorsaures Kupfer","Pseudolibethenite","Rhombisches Phosphorkupfer",[544,548,552,555,558,562,566,569,573,577,581,585,589,593,597,600,603,607,611],{"lang":545,"names":546},"ca",[547],"libethenita",{"lang":549,"names":550},"cs",[551],"Libethenit",{"lang":553,"names":554},"de",[551],{"lang":556,"names":557},"de-ch",[551],{"lang":559,"names":560},"es",[561],"Libethenita",{"lang":563,"names":564},"et",[565],"libeteniit",{"lang":567,"names":568},"eu",[561],{"lang":570,"names":571},"fa",[572],"لیبتنیت",{"lang":574,"names":575},"fr",[576],"Libéthénite",{"lang":578,"names":579},"it",[580],"libethenite",{"lang":582,"names":583},"ja",[584],"リベセナイト",{"lang":586,"names":587},"nl",[588],"libetheniet",{"lang":590,"names":591},"pl",[592],"Libetenit",{"lang":594,"names":595},"ru",[596],"Либетенит",{"lang":598,"names":599},"sk",[551],{"lang":601,"names":602},"sv",[551],{"lang":604,"names":605},"ta",[606],"இலிபெத்தினைட்டு",{"lang":608,"names":609},"uk",[610],"Лібетеніт",{"lang":612,"names":613},"zh",[614],"磷銅礦","Q420481",{"history":617,"applications":621},{"markdown":618,"model_version":619,"prompt_version":620,"reviewed_at":11},"The mineral takes its name from a Slovak copper town, and the town's story begins long before mineralogy had a vocabulary. Copper was already being mined at Ľubietová in the Bronze Age, and by the Middle Ages the deposit had grown into one of the most important copper sources in central Europe[1].\n\nIn 1379, the settlement was granted the status of a royal town by Louis the Great, and German miners were brought in to work the ore[2]. The German colonists called the town **Libethen** — the name later anchored both the locality and the mineral. Hungarian usage knew the place as **Libetbánya**; the Slovak form is Ľubietová[3]. Until 1919, the town sat inside the Kingdom of Hungary[3].\n\nĽubietová joined the League of Seven Mining Towns alongside Banská Belá, Banská Bystrica, Banská Štiavnica, Kremnica, Nová Baňa, and Pukanec — a Protestant alliance built on the wealth of central Slovak ore[2]. In 1692, the first modern blast furnace in the Kingdom of Hungary was built in the town[2]. Mining declined through the 18th century, and the settlement lost its urban character and became a village[2].\n\nThe mineral itself was described in 1823 by the German mineralogist August Breithaupt, who named it after the German name of the type locality[4]. Olive-green to dark green orthorhombic crystals of libethenite form in the **oxidised zone** — the weathered upper layer where copper ore reacts with air and water — of copper deposits like the one beneath Ľubietová[5].\n\nOutside its type locality, libethenite is best known to collectors from the copper mines of the Katanga Copper Crescent in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where deposits such as the M'sesa mine near Kambove have yielded sought-after specimens[6].","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":622,"model_version":619,"prompt_version":620,"reviewed_at":11},"Libethenite has no industrial use. It is too rare to mine for copper — the great copper producers run on chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, and malachite, not on a scarce secondary phosphate of the **oxidised zone**, the weathered upper layer where copper ore reacts with air and water[1].\n\nWhat demand exists is from mineral collectors. The olive-green to dark-green orthorhombic crystals, often arranged in clusters on a host of malachite or limonite, are valued for their colour and crystal form rather than for any extractive purpose[1]. Specimens from the type locality at Ľubietová in Slovakia, and from the M'sesa mine in the Kambove district of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, circulate among collectors and museums as representatives of the species[2]."]