[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:2397":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":20,"key_elements":21,"impurities":22,"cim":23,"ima_status":24,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":26,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":34,"dana8ed4":33,"csystem":35,"cclass":36,"spacegroup":11,"spacegroupset":37,"a":38,"b":39,"c":40,"alpha":37,"beta":37,"gamma":37,"aerror":41,"berror":42,"cerror":43,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":44,"z":45,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":46,"twinning":47,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":11,"tlform":48,"hmin":49,"hmax":50,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":37,"vhnmax":37,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":51,"dmeas":52,"dmeas2":52,"dcalc":53,"dmeaserror":11,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":54,"lustre":11,"lustretype":11,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":55,"streak":11,"colour":56,"commentcolor":11,"colors":57,"streak_colors":11,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":61,"cleavagetype":62,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":63,"opticalsign":64,"opticalalpha":65,"opticalalpha2":37,"opticalalphaerror":42,"opticalbeta":66,"opticalbeta2":37,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":67,"opticalgamma2":37,"opticalgammaerror":42,"opticalomega":37,"opticalomega2":37,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":37,"opticalepsilon2":37,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":37,"opticaln2":37,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":68,"optical2vcalc2":37,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":69,"optical2vmeasured2":37,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":70,"rimax":71,"opticaldispersion":72,"opticalpleochroism":73,"opticalpleochorismdesc":74,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":75,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":11,"opticalanisotropism":11,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":11,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":11,"industrial":11,"occurrence":76,"otheroccurrence":11,"type_specimen_store":77,"description_short":78,"aboutname":79,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":80,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":81,"group_members":82,"associates":146,"confused_with":147,"type_localities":148,"occurrence_total":36,"citations":155,"images":190,"structures":201,"synonyms":230,"language_names":234,"wikidata_qid":259,"texts":260},2397,"1:1:2397:5","f3df60ff-71fb-464b-b9d0-16c721f2561f","Liebenbergite","Lbb",0,"mineral",null,29264,138,false,"Ni\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",[17,18,19],"Ni","Si","O",[17,18,19],[17],"Mg, Fe, Co","14.26.1",[25],"APPROVED",1973,"1973","9","A","C","05","51","3","1","Orthorhombic",8,"0","4.727","10.191","5.955",1,3,2,286.8,4,"Space Group: Pbnm:","None observed in type material","Original liebenbergite filled the interstices between trevorite grains and measured up to 1 mm. They are almost completely replaced by secondary nickel serpentine, leaving only small irregular grains, few exceeding 150 microns in diameter.",6,6.5,"Hardness derived from microhardness","4.92","4.60","measured on synthetic material","Transparent,Translucent","Yellow-green to bright green",[58,59,60],"green","yellow","colorless","{010} weak to moderate\r\n{100} weak","Imperfect\u002FFair","Biaxial","-","1.820","1.854","1.888","88","80",1.82,1.888,"weak r > v","Visible","X = colorless to pale green\r\nY = colorless to pale green\r\nZ = greenish yellow","α = b, β = c, γ = a","Trevorite-ore nickel deposit between quartzite and serpentinized ultramafite.","1) Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M33443.\r\n2) Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 133404.\r\n3) National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 132463.","Olivine Group.","After Mr. William Ronald Liebenberg, Deputy Director-General of the National Institute for Metallurgy of South Africa.","2026-01-19 12:29:27",[],[83,90,97,104,111,115,123,131,139],{"id":84,"name":85,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":86,"mindat_formula":87,"hmin":88,"hmax":88,"dmeas":37,"dcalc":89,"primary_image_id":11},9574,"Calcio-olivine","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","Ca\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",4.5,"2.986",{"id":91,"name":92,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":93,"mindat_formula":93,"hmin":94,"hmax":94,"dmeas":95,"dcalc":37,"primary_image_id":96},1458,"Fayalite","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",7,"4.39",8360,{"id":98,"name":99,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":100,"mindat_formula":100,"hmin":94,"hmax":94,"dmeas":101,"dcalc":102,"primary_image_id":103},1584,"Forsterite","Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.275","3.271",29729,{"id":105,"name":106,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":107,"mindat_formula":107,"hmin":49,"hmax":49,"dmeas":108,"dcalc":109,"primary_image_id":110},1708,"Glaucochroite","CaMn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.407","3.465",10023,{"id":112,"name":113,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":114,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":11,"primary_image_id":11},494666,"Hinokageite","MnMg(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",{"id":116,"name":117,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":118,"mindat_formula":118,"hmin":119,"hmax":119,"dmeas":120,"dcalc":121,"primary_image_id":122},2217,"Kirschsteinite","CaFe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",5.5,"3.434","3.596",13376,{"id":124,"name":125,"entrytype":9,"csystem":126,"ima_formula":127,"mindat_formula":127,"hmin":119,"hmax":50,"dmeas":128,"dcalc":129,"primary_image_id":130},2312,"Laihunite","Monoclinic","(Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>,◻)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.967","4.11",13856,{"id":132,"name":133,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":134,"mindat_formula":134,"hmin":135,"hmax":119,"dmeas":136,"dcalc":137,"primary_image_id":138},2768,"Monticellite","CaMg(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",5,"3.03","3.058",13377,{"id":140,"name":141,"entrytype":9,"csystem":35,"ima_formula":142,"mindat_formula":142,"hmin":49,"hmax":49,"dmeas":143,"dcalc":144,"primary_image_id":145},3913,"Tephroite","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.87","4.15",30817,[],[],[149],{"id":150,"txt":151,"latitude":152,"longitude":153,"country":154},4378,"Bon Accord Ni deposit, Barberton, Mbombela Local Municipality, Ehlanzeni District Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa",-25.673139,31.169523,"South Africa",[156,159,163,167,171,176,181,185],{"id":157,"year":26,"html":158,"doi":11},526105,"de Waal, Sybrand A., Calk, and Lewis C. (1973) Nickel minerals from Barberton, South Africa: VI. Liebenbergite, a nickel olivine. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  58 (7-8) 733-735 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM58\u002FAM58_733.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":160,"year":161,"html":162,"doi":11},527642,1981,"Bish, David L. (1981) Cation ordering in synthetic and natural Ni-Mg olivine. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  66 (7-8) 770-776 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM66\u002FAM66_770.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":164,"year":165,"html":166,"doi":11},16965591,2001,"(2001) Liebenbergite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fliebenbergite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":168,"year":165,"html":169,"doi":170},4095908,"Ikeda, Ko; Onikura, Kyoichi; Nakamura, Yoshinori; Vedanand, Swaroop (2001) Optical Spectra of Nickel‐Bearing Silicate Gels Prepared by the Geopolymer Technique, with Special Reference to the Low‐Temperature Formation of Liebenbergite (Ni\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>). \u003Ci>Journal of the American Ceramic Society\u003C\u002Fi>,  84 (8). 1717-1720 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1151-2916.2001.tb00904.x'>doi:10.1111\u002Fj.1151-2916.2001.tb00904.x\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1111\u002Fj.1151-2916.2001.tb00904.x",{"id":172,"year":173,"html":174,"doi":175},90123,2005,"VALLEPU, Ramesh, MIKUNI, Akira, KOMATSU, Ryuichi, IKEDA, Ko (2005) Synthesis of liebenbergite nano-crystallites from silicate precursor gels prepared by geopolymerization. \u003Ci>Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  100 (4) 159-167 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2465\u002Fjmps.100.159'>doi:10.2465\u002Fjmps.100.159\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp\u002Farticle\u002Fjmps\u002F100\u002F4\u002F100_4_159\u002F_pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2465\u002Fjmps.100.159",{"id":177,"year":178,"html":179,"doi":180},398776,2019,"Zhang, Dongzhou, Hu, Yi, Xu, Jingui, Downs, Robert T., Hammer, Julia E., Dera, Przemyslaw K. (2019) High-pressure behavior of liebenbergite: The most incompressible olivine-structured silicate. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  104 (4) 580-587 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam-2019-6680'>doi:10.2138\u002Fam-2019-6680\u003C\u002Fa>","10.2138\u002Fam-2019-6680",{"id":182,"year":178,"html":183,"doi":184},16455131,"Gartvich, Yuliya, Galkin, Valeriy (2019) Ni olivine: thermal behavior of liebenbergite. \u003Ci>Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry\u003C\u002Fi>, 136 (6) 2333-2339 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10973-018-7859-6'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs10973-018-7859-6\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs10973-018-7859-6",{"id":186,"year":187,"html":188,"doi":189},17557527,2024,"Gao, Shuchang; Liu, Jinpu; Cheng, Hang; Zhang, Li; Lin, Yanhao; Li, Xiaoguang; Qin, Xueqing (2024) Raman spectroscopic study of liebenbergite and Ni2SiO4 spinel at high pressure and high temperature: nickel effects on the vibration properties of olivine and spinel structures. \u003Ci>Physics and Chemistry of Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>,  51 (3). 35 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00269-024-01295-4'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00269-024-01295-4\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00269-024-01295-4",[191],{"id":192,"source_url":193,"license_code":194,"credit_html":195,"title":196,"description":197,"author":198,"original_width":199,"original_height":200},14478,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=72351564","CC BY-SA 4.0","David Hospital, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=72351564\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Liebenbergite.jpg","Green liebenbergite crystals associated to a whitlockite group mineral from Lavrion (Kamariza Mines, Lavrion, Attiki Prefecture, Greece). Liebenbergite has only been found in 4 localities worldwide.","David Hospital",758,667,[202,208,213,219,224],{"id":203,"url":204,"label":205,"formula":206,"spacegroup":207,"year":165},7654,"\u002Fcif\u002F7654.cif","Henderson 2001 · (Ni Mg) Si O4","(Ni Mg) Si O4","P b n m",{"id":209,"url":210,"label":211,"formula":212,"spacegroup":207,"year":165},7655,"\u002Fcif\u002F7655.cif","Henderson 2001 · (Ni1.6 Mg.4) Si O4","(Ni1.6 Mg.4) Si O4",{"id":214,"url":215,"label":216,"formula":217,"spacegroup":207,"year":218},7656,"\u002Fcif\u002F7656.cif","Tsukimura 2000","(Co.754 Ni.792 Zn.454) Si O4",2000,{"id":220,"url":221,"label":222,"formula":206,"spacegroup":207,"year":223},7657,"\u002Fcif\u002F7657.cif","Chen 1996",1996,{"id":225,"url":226,"label":227,"formula":228,"spacegroup":207,"year":229},7661,"\u002Fcif\u002F7661.cif","Ottonello 1989","(Ni1.034 Mg.966) Si O4",1989,[231,232,233],"IMA1972-033","Liebenbergiet","Ni olivine",[235,239,245,249,252,255],{"lang":236,"names":237},"ca",[238],"liebenbergita",{"lang":240,"names":241},"de",[242,243,244],"Dinickelorthosilikat","IMA 1972-033","Liebenbergit",{"lang":246,"names":247},"eu",[248],"Liebenbergita",{"lang":250,"names":251},"fr",[7],{"lang":253,"names":254},"it",[7],{"lang":256,"names":257},"ru",[258],"Либенбергит","Q1823777",{"history":11,"applications":11}]