[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:2424":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":11,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":15,"elements":16,"sigelements":20,"key_elements":21,"impurities":11,"cim":22,"ima_status":23,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":26,"discovery_year":27,"strunz10ed1":28,"strunz10ed2":29,"strunz10ed3":30,"strunz10ed4":31,"dana8ed1":32,"dana8ed2":33,"dana8ed3":34,"dana8ed4":35,"csystem":36,"cclass":37,"spacegroup":38,"spacegroupset":39,"a":40,"b":41,"c":42,"alpha":39,"beta":43,"gamma":39,"aerror":38,"berror":44,"cerror":45,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":46,"gammaerror":11,"va3":47,"z":48,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":49,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":50,"tlform":51,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":52,"vhnmax":53,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":54,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":55,"dmeas2":55,"dcalc":56,"dmeaserror":44,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":11,"lustretype":57,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":58,"streak":59,"colour":60,"commentcolor":11,"colors":61,"streak_colors":65,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":66,"cleavagetype":67,"fracturetype":11,"tenacity":68,"commentbreak":11,"opticaltype":69,"opticalsign":70,"opticalalpha":39,"opticalalpha2":39,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":71,"opticalbeta2":72,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":39,"opticalgamma2":39,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":39,"opticalomega2":39,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":39,"opticalepsilon2":39,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":39,"opticaln2":39,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":39,"optical2vcalc2":39,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":39,"optical2vmeasured2":39,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":73,"rimax":74,"opticaldispersion":75,"opticalpleochroism":76,"opticalpleochorismdesc":11,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":77,"opticalinternal":78,"opticaltropic":79,"opticalanisotropism":80,"opticalbireflectance":11,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":81,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":11,"thermalbehaviour":82,"other":83,"industrial":11,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":84,"type_specimen_store":85,"description_short":11,"aboutname":86,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":87,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":88,"group_members":89,"associates":90,"confused_with":124,"type_localities":125,"occurrence_total":132,"citations":133,"images":198,"structures":261,"synonyms":276,"language_names":278,"wikidata_qid":324,"texts":325},2424,"1:1:2424:8","41d7fa5e-5513-432c-b2f4-0b87d15201b1","Livingstonite","Lst",0,"mineral",null,557,false,"HgSb\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(S\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)","HgSb\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>(S)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",[17,18,19],"Hg","Sb","S",[17,18,19],[17,18],"5.4.6",[24,25],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED",1874,"1874","2","J","A","05i","3","7","11","1","Monoclinic",5,10,"0","30.1543","3.9953","21.4262","104.265",2,13,1,2501.7,8,"A2\u002Fa","Minute needles elongated [010]. Columnar to fibrous massive; in globular masses of interlaced needles. Forms include \u003Cmi>c{001}, a{100}, d{101}, e{_101}, p{_111}, q{122}\u003C\u002Fmi>.","Prisms in columnar groups.","96","125",100,"4.88","5.013","Adamantine,Metallic","Translucent,Opaque","Red","Blackish-gray",[62,63,64],"gray","black","red",[64],"{001} perfect, {010}, and {100} poor.","Perfect","elastic","Biaxial","-","2.72","2.8",2.72,2.8,"relatively strong","Weak","White","Deep red","Anisotropic","Strong","(35.0,44.3) 400,\r\n(34.2,44.3) 420,\r\n(33.2,44.4) 440,\r\n(32.8,44.9) 460,\r\n(32.6,44.9) 480,\r\n(32.3,43.8) 500,\r\n(31.8,42.3) 520,\r\n(31.2,41.0) 540,\r\n(30.7,40.0) 560,\r\n(30.4,39.2) 580,\r\n(29.9,38.1) 600,\r\n(29.1,36.8) 620,\r\n(28.4,35.7) 640,\r\n(27.8,34.9) 660,\r\n(27.4,34.2) 680,\r\n(26.9,33.6) 700","Fuses at the first touch of the blowpipe flame, and produces abundant white fumes.","Not attacked by cold nitric acid but warm nitric acid decomposes it, giving a white residue. Easily dissolved in aqua regia, producing a solution with a white color.","Low temperature hydrothermal veins","No designated type specimen.","Named by Mariano Barcena in 1874 in honor of David Livingstone (19 March 1813, Blantyre, South Lanarkshire, Scotland - 1 May 1873, Chief Chitambo's Village, Zambia), the African explorer and missionary.  Livingstone had died the year before the mineral was described and Barcena noted that 'the benefactors of humanity belong to all nations, and that all humanity must honor their memory.'","2025-08-11 12:14:21",[],[],[91,100,108,117],{"id":92,"name":93,"entrytype":9,"csystem":94,"ima_formula":95,"mindat_formula":95,"hmin":44,"hmax":96,"dmeas":97,"dcalc":98,"primary_image_id":99},1052,"Cinnabar","Trigonal","HgS",2.5,"8.176","8.20",5743,{"id":101,"name":102,"entrytype":9,"csystem":36,"ima_formula":103,"mindat_formula":104,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"dmeas":105,"dcalc":106,"primary_image_id":107},1784,"Gypsum","Ca(SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>) · 2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","CaSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>·2H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O","2.312","2.308",10652,{"id":109,"name":110,"entrytype":9,"csystem":111,"ima_formula":19,"mindat_formula":112,"hmin":113,"hmax":96,"dmeas":114,"dcalc":115,"primary_image_id":116},3826,"Native Sulphur","Orthorhombic","S\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>",1.5,"2.07","2.076",69838,{"id":118,"name":119,"entrytype":9,"csystem":111,"ima_formula":120,"mindat_formula":120,"hmin":44,"hmax":44,"dmeas":121,"dcalc":122,"primary_image_id":123},3782,"Stibnite","Sb\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>S\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.63","4.625",18319,[],[126],{"id":127,"txt":128,"latitude":129,"longitude":130,"country":131},2332,"Huitzuco, Huitzuco de los Figueroa Municipality, Guerrero, Mexico",18.3040014,-99.3337556,"Mexico",21,[134,137,140,144,148,152,156,161,166,170,175,180,185,189,194],{"id":135,"year":26,"html":136,"doi":11},15936208,"Barcena, M. (1874) Descubrimiento de una nueva especie mineral de Mexico. Naturaleza: 3: 35-37.",{"id":138,"year":26,"html":139,"doi":11},16115447,"Barcena, M. (1874) On livingstonite, a new mineral. American Journal of Science: 108: 145-146.",{"id":141,"year":142,"html":143,"doi":11},16115448,1875,"Barcena, M. (1875) Livingstonite. American Journal of Science and Arts: 9: 64-64. [abstract]",{"id":145,"year":146,"html":147,"doi":11},16115449,1879,"Barcena, M. (1879) Composicion quimica de la livingstonita. Naturaleza: 4: 268-273.",{"id":149,"year":150,"html":151,"doi":11},520534,1936,"Richmond, Wallace E. (1936) Crystallography of livingstonite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  21 (11) 719-720 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM21\u002FAM21_719.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":153,"year":154,"html":155,"doi":11},1118651,1944,"Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.",{"id":157,"year":158,"html":159,"doi":160},106029,1957,"Niizeki, N., Buerger, M. J. (1957) The Crystal Structure of Livingstonite, HgSb4S8. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  109 (1) 129-157 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1957.109.1-6.129'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1957.109.1-6.129\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fzk\u002Fvol109\u002FZK109_129.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1957.109.1-6.129",{"id":162,"year":163,"html":164,"doi":165},12988445,1962,"Berry, L. G., Thompson, R. M. (1962) X-Ray Powder Data for Ore Minerals: the Peacock Atlas. \u003Ci>GSA Memoir\u003C\u002Fi> 85. Geological Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1130\u002Fmem85'>doi:10.1130\u002Fmem85\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1130\u002Fmem85",{"id":167,"year":168,"html":169,"doi":11},525403,1970,"Craig, James R. (1970) Livingstonite, HgSb4S8: Synthesis and stability. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  55 (5-6) 919-924 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM55\u002FAM55_919.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":171,"year":172,"html":173,"doi":174},108906,1975,"Srikrishnan, T., Nowacki, W. (1975) A redetermination of the crystal structure of livingstonite, HgSb4S8. \u003Ci>Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  141 (3). 174-192 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1524\u002Fzkri.1975.141.3-4.174'>doi:10.1524\u002Fzkri.1975.141.3-4.174\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002Fzk\u002Fvol141\u002FZK141_174.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1524\u002Fzkri.1975.141.3-4.174",{"id":176,"year":177,"html":178,"doi":179},154899,1976,"Tunell, G., Learned, R. E., Lawrence, E. F. (1976) On the origin of the livingstonite deposits at Huitzuco, Guerrero, Mexico. \u003Ci>Mineralium Deposita\u003C\u002Fi>,  11 (1) 71-82 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fbf00203095'>doi:10.1007\u002Fbf00203095\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fbf00203095",{"id":181,"year":182,"html":183,"doi":184},1126563,1993,"Criddle, A. J., Stanley, C. J. (1993) Data file. In \u003Ci>Quantitative Data File for Ore Minerals\u003C\u002Fi>. Springer Netherlands. p.1-635. \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002F978-94-011-1486-8_1'>doi:10.1007\u002F978-94-011-1486-8_1\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002F978-94-011-1486-8_1",{"id":186,"year":187,"html":188,"doi":11},16965639,2005,"(2005) Livingstonite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Flivingstonite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":190,"year":191,"html":192,"doi":193},619438,2010,"Borisov, S. V., Pervukhina, N. V., Magarill, S. A., Kuratieva, N. V., Vasil’ev, V. I. (2010) Crystallographic analysis of the structure of livingstonite HgSb4S8 from refined data. \u003Ci>Crystallography Reports\u003C\u002Fi>,  55 (2) 224-228 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1134\u002Fs1063774510020100'>doi:10.1134\u002Fs1063774510020100\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1134\u002Fs1063774510020100",{"id":195,"year":196,"html":197,"doi":11},16115458,2022,"Tripathi, R.P., Gao, J., Yang, X. (2022). Natural layered mercury antimony sulfosalt livingstonite with anisotropic optical properties. Optics Express, 30(11), 19611-19628.",[199,209,216,224,230,240,246,251],{"id":200,"source_url":201,"license_code":202,"credit_html":203,"title":204,"description":205,"author":206,"original_width":207,"original_height":208},14658,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163270","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163270\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Livingstonite-227688.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLivingstonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Livingstonite\">Livingstonite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHuitzuco_de_los_Figueroa\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Huitzuco de los Figueroa\">Huitzuco de los Figueroa (Huitzuco)\u003C\u002Fa>, Municipio de Huitzuco, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGuerrero\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Guerrero\">Guerrero\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2332.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 3.8 x 3.6 x 3.4 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Livingstonite is a very rare mercury, antimony sulfosalt and this rich and showy specimen hails from the Type Locality - Huitzuco, Guerrero, Mexico. Bright, steel-metallic livingstonite lathes to 1.2 cm are scattered on the rich antimony (stibnite) ore. Older material very seldom available on the market. Ex. Mullane Collection. We have not seen any of this material in over 5-6 years. It is a very rare specimen with superb crystals for the material.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",572,600,{"id":210,"source_url":211,"license_code":202,"credit_html":212,"title":213,"description":205,"author":206,"original_width":214,"original_height":215},14659,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163271","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10163271\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Livingstonite-227689.jpg",379,400,{"id":217,"source_url":218,"license_code":202,"credit_html":219,"title":220,"description":221,"author":206,"original_width":222,"original_height":223},14660,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10438571","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10438571\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Livingstonite-sea46b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLivingstonite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Livingstonite\">Livingstonite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHuitzuco_de_los_Figueroa\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Huitzuco de los Figueroa\">Huitzuco de los Figueroa (Huitzuco)\u003C\u002Fa>, Municipio de Huitzuco, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGuerrero\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Guerrero\">Guerrero\u003C\u002Fa>, Mexico (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2332.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 4.7 x 3.5 x 2.5 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Livingstonite\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Livingstonite is a very rare mercury, antimony sulfide and this rich and showy specimen hails from the Type Locality - Huitzuco, Guerrero, Mexico. Bright, steel-metallic livingstonite lathes are embedded here on the rich antimony (stibnite) ore. Older material very seldom available on the market from the type locality. Ex. John White Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",800,603,{"id":225,"source_url":226,"license_code":202,"credit_html":227,"title":228,"description":221,"author":206,"original_width":229,"original_height":222},14661,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10438573","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10438573\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Livingstonite-sea46a.jpg",632,{"id":231,"source_url":232,"license_code":233,"credit_html":234,"title":235,"description":236,"author":237,"original_width":238,"original_height":239},14662,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118191003","CC BY-SA 2.0","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118191003\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Livingstonite (48140734101).jpg","Huitzuco Guerrero, Mexico","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada",4000,6000,{"id":241,"source_url":242,"license_code":233,"credit_html":243,"title":244,"description":245,"author":237,"original_width":238,"original_height":239},14663,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118205416","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118205416\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Livingstonite (47975575162).jpg","Guerrero, Mexico",{"id":247,"source_url":248,"license_code":233,"credit_html":249,"title":250,"description":245,"author":237,"original_width":238,"original_height":239},14664,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118205422","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118205422\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Livingstonite (47975575947).jpg",{"id":252,"source_url":253,"license_code":254,"credit_html":255,"title":256,"description":257,"author":258,"original_width":259,"original_height":260},14665,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163482476","CC0 1.0","Darla Sondrol, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=163482476\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Livingstonite (GeoDIL number - 1195).jpg","The bright silvery bladed mineral is livingstonite (HgSb4S7). It is a rare ore for mercury (Hg) that was named after David Livingstone the famous Scottish missionary and African explorer. This specimen is about 8 cm in longest dimension.","Darla Sondrol",2476,1460,[262,268,272],{"id":263,"url":264,"label":265,"formula":266,"spacegroup":267,"year":191},7826,"\u002Fcif\u002F7826.cif","Borisov 2010","Hg Sb4 S8","A 1 2\u002Fa 1",{"id":269,"url":270,"label":271,"formula":266,"spacegroup":267,"year":172},7827,"\u002Fcif\u002F7827.cif","Srikrishnan 1975",{"id":273,"url":274,"label":275,"formula":266,"spacegroup":267,"year":158},7828,"\u002Fcif\u002F7828.cif","Niizeki 1957",[277],"Livingstoniet",[279,283,287,291,295,298,302,306,309,312,316,320],{"lang":280,"names":281},"ca",[282],"livingstonita",{"lang":284,"names":285},"de",[286],"Livingstonit",{"lang":288,"names":289},"el",[290],"λιβινγκστονίτης",{"lang":292,"names":293},"es",[294],"Livingstonita",{"lang":296,"names":297},"eu",[294],{"lang":299,"names":300},"fa",[301],"لیوینگ ستونیت",{"lang":303,"names":304},"fr",[305],"livingstonite",{"lang":307,"names":308},"it",[7],{"lang":310,"names":311},"sl",[286],{"lang":313,"names":314},"ta",[315],"இலிவிங்சுடோனைட்டு",{"lang":317,"names":318},"uk",[319],"Лівінгстоніт",{"lang":321,"names":322},"zh",[323],"硫锑汞矿","Q929619",{"history":11,"applications":11}]