[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:2454":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":11,"polytypeof":11,"groupid":12,"weighting":13,"nolocadd":14,"blacklisted":14,"mindat_formula":15,"mindat_formula_note":11,"ima_formula":16,"elements":17,"sigelements":22,"key_elements":23,"impurities":24,"cim":25,"ima_status":26,"ima_notes":11,"ima_history":11,"approval_year":11,"publication_year":29,"discovery_year":30,"strunz10ed1":31,"strunz10ed2":32,"strunz10ed3":20,"strunz10ed4":33,"dana8ed1":34,"dana8ed2":35,"dana8ed3":36,"dana8ed4":36,"csystem":37,"cclass":38,"spacegroup":39,"spacegroupset":40,"a":41,"b":42,"c":43,"alpha":44,"beta":44,"gamma":44,"aerror":45,"berror":46,"cerror":47,"alphaerror":11,"betaerror":11,"gammaerror":11,"va3":11,"z":48,"csmetamict":14,"commentcrystal":11,"twinning":11,"tranglide":11,"parting":11,"epitaxidescription":11,"morphology":49,"tlform":11,"hmin":50,"hmax":50,"hardtype":11,"vhnmin":44,"vhnmax":44,"vhnerror":11,"vhng":11,"vhns":11,"commenthard":11,"dmeas":51,"dmeas2":51,"dcalc":52,"dmeaserror":47,"dcalcerror":11,"commentdense":11,"lustre":53,"lustretype":54,"commentluster":11,"diapheny":55,"streak":56,"colour":57,"commentcolor":11,"colors":58,"streak_colors":62,"luminescence":11,"uv":11,"cleavage":11,"cleavagetype":63,"fracturetype":64,"tenacity":11,"commentbreak":65,"opticaltype":66,"opticalsign":67,"opticalalpha":68,"opticalalpha2":69,"opticalalphaerror":11,"opticalbeta":68,"opticalbeta2":70,"opticalbetaerror":11,"opticalgamma":71,"opticalgamma2":72,"opticalgammaerror":11,"opticalomega":44,"opticalomega2":44,"opticalomegaerror":11,"opticalepsilon":44,"opticalepsilon2":44,"opticalepsilonerror":11,"opticaln":44,"opticaln2":44,"opticalnerror":11,"optical2vcalc":44,"optical2vcalc2":44,"optical2vcalcerror":11,"optical2vmeasured":73,"optical2vmeasured2":74,"optical2vmeasurederror":11,"rimin":75,"rimax":76,"opticaldispersion":77,"opticalpleochroism":78,"opticalpleochorismdesc":79,"opticalbirefringence":11,"opticalcomments":11,"opticalcolour":11,"opticalinternal":11,"opticaltropic":80,"opticalanisotropism":81,"opticalbireflectance":82,"opticalextinction":11,"opticalr":83,"specdispm":11,"ir":11,"electrical":11,"magnetism":84,"thermalbehaviour":11,"other":85,"industrial":86,"occurrence":11,"otheroccurrence":87,"type_specimen_store":88,"description_short":89,"aboutname":90,"rock_parent":11,"rock_parent2":11,"rock_root":9,"rock_bgs_code":11,"meteoritical_code":11,"updttime":91,"reviewed_at":11,"variety_of":11,"varieties":92,"group_members":97,"associates":140,"confused_with":171,"type_localities":173,"occurrence_total":178,"citations":179,"images":340,"structures":538,"synonyms":560,"language_names":563,"wikidata_qid":616,"texts":617},2454,"1:1:2454:5","2ecfe63d-e67b-4481-8e04-eee7a222b87e","Ludwigite","Ldw",0,"mineral",null,29305,2711,false,"Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)",[18,19,20,21],"Fe","Mg","B","O",[18,19,20,21],[20],",Al,,","9.8.2",[27,28],"APPROVED","GRANDFATHERED",1874,"1874","6","A","30","24","2","1","Orthorhombic",8,59,"Pbam ","9.2411","12.2948","3.0213","0",6,9,3,4,"Crystals prismatic [001], rare, with a rhombic cross-section and lacking terminal faces. As fibrous masses, radiating to dense felted aggregates; sheaf-like aggregates; rosettes of needle-like crystals. Granular.",5,"3.80","3.78","Silky","Silky,Sub-Metallic","Opaque","Black, blackish green","Dark-green to black",[59,60,61],"black","green","brown",[59,60],"None Observed","Fibrous","tenacity - tough","Biaxial","+","1.83","1.85","1.90","1.97","2.03","20","45",1.83,2.03,"r greater than v, extreme","Strong","X = Dark green\r\nY = Dark green\r\nZ = Dark reddish brown (may be opaque)","Anisotropic","yellowish brown to bluish violet gray.","Pinkish gray to dark greenish gray","(10.1,13.8) 400, \r\n(9.7,13.2) 420, \r\n(9.3,12.6) 440, \r\n(9.0,12.1) 460, \r\n(8.7,11.8) 480, \r\n(8.5,11.5) 500,\r\n(8.2,11.3) 520, \r\n(8.1,11.2) 540, \r\n(7.9,11.0) 560, \r\n(7.8,10.9) 580, \r\n(7.6,10.8) 600, \r\n(7.5,10.8) 620, \r\n(7.4,10.8) 640, \r\n(7.3,10.8) 660, \r\n(7.2,10.8) 680, \r\n(7.2,10.9) 700","Ferromagnetic","Slowly soluble in acids.\r\n\r\nAlters to Limonite.","None","In contact metamorphic deposits as high-temperature phases.","Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria, A.a.6315.","Ludwigite Group. Ludwigite-Vonsenite Series. The magnesium analogue of Vonsenite and Marinaite.\r\n\r\nA high-temperature mineral occurring in contact metamorphic deposits.","Named in honor of Ernst Ludwig (19 January 1842, Freudenthal, Austrian Silesia - 14 October 1915 Vienna), Professor of Chemistry, University of Vienna. He worked in the areas of mineral chemistry, mineral water analysis, food chemistry and forensic chemistry. He first analyzed the material.","2025-10-14 09:54:52",[93],{"id":94,"name":95,"entrytype":96,"csystem":11,"ima_formula":11,"mindat_formula":15,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":44,"dcalc":44,"primary_image_id":11},8363,"Alumoludwigite",2,[98,106,114,121,127,132],{"id":99,"name":100,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":101,"mindat_formula":102,"hmin":103,"hmax":103,"dmeas":104,"dcalc":104,"primary_image_id":105},442,"Azoproite","Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>[(Ti,Mg),Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>]O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","(Mg,Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Ti,Mg)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",5.5,"3.63",2428,{"id":107,"name":108,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":109,"mindat_formula":110,"hmin":111,"hmax":111,"dmeas":44,"dcalc":112,"primary_image_id":113},717,"Bonaccordite","Ni\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","Ni\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>",7,"5.17",3613,{"id":115,"name":116,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":117,"mindat_formula":118,"hmin":45,"hmax":45,"dmeas":119,"dcalc":51,"primary_image_id":120},1603,"Fredrikssonite","Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(Mn\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>,Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>)(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","3.84",9398,{"id":122,"name":123,"entrytype":9,"csystem":124,"ima_formula":125,"mindat_formula":125,"hmin":11,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":126,"primary_image_id":11},47919,"Marinaite","Monoclinic","Cu\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","5.026",{"id":128,"name":129,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":130,"mindat_formula":130,"hmin":50,"hmax":11,"dmeas":11,"dcalc":131,"primary_image_id":11},55603,"Savelievaite","Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cr\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.91",{"id":133,"name":134,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":135,"mindat_formula":136,"hmin":50,"hmax":50,"dmeas":137,"dcalc":138,"primary_image_id":139},4207,"Vonsenite","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>(BO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>","4.21","4.80",27609,[141,149,156,164],{"id":142,"name":143,"entrytype":9,"csystem":124,"ima_formula":144,"mindat_formula":144,"hmin":103,"hmax":145,"dmeas":146,"dcalc":147,"primary_image_id":148},1294,"Diopside","CaMgSi\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>",6.5,"3.22","3.278",29614,{"id":150,"name":151,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":152,"mindat_formula":152,"hmin":111,"hmax":111,"dmeas":153,"dcalc":154,"primary_image_id":155},1584,"Forsterite","Mg\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)","3.275","3.271",29729,{"id":157,"name":158,"entrytype":9,"csystem":159,"ima_formula":160,"mindat_formula":160,"hmin":103,"hmax":145,"dmeas":161,"dcalc":162,"primary_image_id":163},2538,"Magnetite","Isometric","Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>","5.175","5.2",65576,{"id":165,"name":166,"entrytype":9,"csystem":124,"ima_formula":167,"mindat_formula":167,"hmin":47,"hmax":168,"dmeas":169,"dcalc":44,"primary_image_id":170},3857,"Szaibélyite","MgBO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)",3.5,"2.62",30791,[172],{"id":133,"name":134,"entrytype":9,"csystem":37,"ima_formula":135,"mindat_formula":136,"hmin":50,"hmax":50,"dmeas":137,"dcalc":138,"primary_image_id":139},[174],{"id":175,"txt":176,"latitude":11,"longitude":11,"country":177},5458,"Ocna de Fier, Caraş-Severin County, Romania","Romania",124,[180,183,188,192,196,200,204,208,212,216,220,224,227,231,235,239,243,247,252,256,260,264,268,273,278,282,287,291,295,298,302,306,311,314,317,321,325,330,335],{"id":181,"year":29,"html":182,"doi":11},16115634,"Tschermak, G. (1874) Ludwigit, ein neues mineral aus dem Banate. Mineralogische und petrographische Mittheilungen, Vienna: 1874: 59-66.",{"id":184,"year":185,"html":186,"doi":187},399640,1888,"Mallard, Ernest (1888) Sur quelques substances cristallisées préparées par Ebelmen. \u003Ci>Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie\u003C\u002Fi>,  11 (8). 305-311 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1888.3212'>doi:10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1888.3212\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3406\u002Fbulmi.1888.3212",{"id":189,"year":190,"html":191,"doi":11},16115636,1889,"Groth (1889) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 15: 650.",{"id":193,"year":194,"html":195,"doi":11},1118647,1892,"Dana, Edward Salisbury; Dana, James Dwight (1892) \u003Ci>A System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.",{"id":197,"year":198,"html":199,"doi":11},16115638,1897,"Goldschmidt (1897): 224.",{"id":201,"year":202,"html":203,"doi":11},16115639,1910,"Schaller, Waldemar Theodore (1910) Ludwigite from Montana. American Journal of Science: 30: 146-150.",{"id":205,"year":206,"html":207,"doi":11},16136174,1917,"Butler, B. S.; Schaller, W. T. (1917) Magnesioludwigite, a new mineral. \u003Ci>Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences\u003C\u002Fi>,  7. 29-31",{"id":209,"year":210,"html":211,"doi":11},16115641,1918,"Higgins, D.F. (1918) Geology and Ore Deposits of the Collbran Contact, Suan Mining Concession, Korea. Economic Geology: 13: 19. (as Collbranite)",{"id":213,"year":214,"html":215,"doi":11},518896,1920,"Eakle, Arthur S. (1920) Vonsenite. A preliminary note on a new mineral. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  5 (8) 141-143 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM5\u002FAM5_141.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":217,"year":218,"html":219,"doi":11},518963,1921,"Shannon, Earl V. (1921) The identity of \"collbranite\" with ludwigite. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  6 (5) 86-88 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM6\u002FAM6_86.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":221,"year":218,"html":222,"doi":223},647767,"Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. \u003Ci>Bulletin\u003C\u002Fi> 679. US Geological Survey \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3133\u002Fb679'>doi:10.3133\u002Fb679\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.usgs.gov\u002Fbul\u002F0679\u002Freport.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.3133\u002Fb679",{"id":225,"year":218,"html":226,"doi":11},16115644,"Shannon, Earl V. (1921) Ludwigites from Idaho and Korea. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum: 59: 667-676.",{"id":228,"year":229,"html":230,"doi":11},16115646,1924,"Edwards, M.G. (1924) Ludwigite from Peru. American Journal of Science: 7: 486-488.",{"id":232,"year":233,"html":234,"doi":11},16124968,1930,"Geijer (1930) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 61: 19.",{"id":236,"year":237,"html":238,"doi":11},16115647,1938,"Harada (1938) Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaidô University: 4: 165.",{"id":240,"year":241,"html":242,"doi":11},16109501,1939,"Watanabe (1939) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 50: 441.",{"id":244,"year":245,"html":246,"doi":11},521315,1942,"Knopf, Adolph (1942) Ludwigite from Colorado Gulch, near Helena, Montana. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  27 (12) 824 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM27\u002FAM27_824.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":248,"year":249,"html":250,"doi":251},462531,1950,"Takéuchi, Y., Watanabé, T., Ito, T. (1950) The crystal structures of warwickite, ludwigite and pinakiolite. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  3 (2) 98-107 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x50000252'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x50000252\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x50000252",{"id":253,"year":249,"html":254,"doi":255},462864,"Bertaut, E. F. (1950) Structures des boroferrites. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica\u003C\u002Fi>,  3 (6) 473-474 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0365110x50001312'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0365110x50001312\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0365110x50001312",{"id":257,"year":258,"html":259,"doi":11},1118652,1951,"Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) \u003Ci>The System of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.",{"id":261,"year":262,"html":263,"doi":11},523511,1961,"Schaller, W. T., Vlisidis, A. C. (1961) The composition of the aluminian lugwigite from Crestmore, California. \u003Ci>American Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fi>,  46 (3-4) 335-339 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.minsocam.org\u002Fammin\u002FAM46\u002FAM46_335.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":265,"year":266,"html":267,"doi":11},16115654,1968,"Federico M. (1968) Studio di un processo di ossidazione della ludwigite. Periodico di mineralogia – Roma: 377-389.",{"id":269,"year":270,"html":271,"doi":272},18447832,1974,"Vlisidis, Angelina C.; Schaller, Waldemar T. (1974) The identity of paigeite with vonsenite, and chemical analyses of vonsenite, ludwigite, and hulsite. \u003Ci>Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte\u003C\u002Fi>,  1974 (3-4). 95-105 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1127\u002Fnjmm\u002F1974\u002F1974\u002F95'>doi:10.1127\u002Fnjmm\u002F1974\u002F1974\u002F95\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1127\u002Fnjmm\u002F1974\u002F1974\u002F95",{"id":274,"year":275,"html":276,"doi":277},180989,1981,"Bovin, J.-O., O'Keeffe, M., O'Keefe, M. A. (1981) Electron microscopy of oxyborates. I. Defect structures in the minerals pinakiolite, ludwigite, orthopinakiolite and takéuchiite. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section A\u003C\u002Fi>,  37 (1) 28-35 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0567739481000065'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0567739481000065\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0567739481000065",{"id":279,"year":280,"html":281,"doi":11},16115657,1989,"Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1989): 69-83.",{"id":283,"year":284,"html":285,"doi":286},582001,1994,"Norrestam, R., Kritikos, M., Nielsen, K., Søtofte, I., Thorup, N. (1994) Structural Characterizations of Two Synthetic Ni-Ludwigites, and Some Semiempirical EHTB Calculations on the Ludwigite Structure Type. \u003Ci>Journal of Solid State Chemistry\u003C\u002Fi>,  111. 217-223 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1006\u002Fjssc.1994.1220'>doi:10.1006\u002Fjssc.1994.1220\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1006\u002Fjssc.1994.1220",{"id":288,"year":289,"html":290,"doi":11},15418311,1996,"Grew, Edward S.; Anovitz, Lawrence M. - \u003Ci>Eds.\u003C\u002Fi> (1996) Boron - Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. \u003Ci>Reviews in Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 33. Mineralogical Society of America p.862",{"id":292,"year":293,"html":294,"doi":11},16115659,1999,"Irwin, M.B., Peterson, R.C. (1999) The crystal structure of ludwigite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 37: 939-943.",{"id":296,"year":293,"html":297,"doi":11},16115661,"Marincea, S. (1999) Ludwigite from the type locality, Ocna de Fier, Romania; new data and review. The Canadian Mineralogist: 37(6): 1343-1362.",{"id":299,"year":293,"html":300,"doi":301},1302,"Appel, P. W. U., Brigatti, M. F. (1999) Ludwigite from central Sweden: new data and crystal structure\n                  refinement. \u003Ci>Mineralogical Magazine\u003C\u002Fi>,  63 (4) 511-518 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002F002646199548682'>doi:10.1180\u002F002646199548682\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Frruff.info\u002Fdoclib\u002FMinMag\u002FVolume_63\u002F63-4-511.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1180\u002F002646199548682",{"id":303,"year":304,"html":305,"doi":11},17056269,2001,"Holtstam, D. (2001) Crystal chemistry of a manganian ludwigite. \u003Ci>Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte\u003C\u002Fi>,  2001. 520-528",{"id":307,"year":308,"html":309,"doi":310},2421456,2002,"Leite, C. A. F., Guimarães, R. B., Fernandes, J. C., Continentino, M. A., Paschoal, C. W. A., Ayala, A. P., Guedes, I. (2002) Temperature-dependent Raman scattering study of Fe3O2BO3 ludwigite. \u003Ci>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy\u003C\u002Fi>,  33 (1). 1-5 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjrs.801'>doi:10.1002\u002Fjrs.801\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1002\u002Fjrs.801",{"id":312,"year":308,"html":313,"doi":11},16115664,"Brovkin, A.A., Rozhdestvenskaya, I.V., Rykova, E.A. (2002) Cation distribution in the structure of titanium-containing ludwigite [Russian]. Kristallografiya: 47: 457-459.",{"id":315,"year":308,"html":316,"doi":11},16115665,"Brovkin, A.A., Rozhdestvenskaya, I.V., Rykova, E.A. (2002) Cation distribution in the structure of titanium-containing ludwigite. Crystallography Reports: 47: 412-414.",{"id":318,"year":319,"html":320,"doi":11},16771791,2003,"Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (2003) \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi> Vol. 5 - Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.",{"id":322,"year":323,"html":324,"doi":11},16965676,2005,"(2005) Ludwigite. \u003Ci>Handbook of Mineralogy\u003C\u002Fi>. Mineralogical Society of America \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fludwigite.pdf' class='refpdflink'>\u003C\u002Fa>",{"id":326,"year":327,"html":328,"doi":329},187374,2012,"Girgsdies, Frank, Behrens, Malte (2012) On the structural relations of malachite. I. The rosasite and ludwigite structure families. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science\u003C\u002Fi>,  68 (2) 107-117 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs0108768112005125'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs0108768112005125\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs0108768112005125",{"id":331,"year":332,"html":333,"doi":334},17417,2017,"Bilohuščin, Vladimír, Uher, Pavel, Koděra, Peter, Milovská, Stanislava, Mikuš, Tomáš, Bačík, Peter (2017) Evolution of borate minerals from contact metamorphic to hydrothermal stages: Ludwigite-group minerals and szaibélyite from the Vysoká – Zlatno skarn, Slovakia. \u003Ci>Mineralogy and Petrology\u003C\u002Fi>,  111 (4) 643-658 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00710-017-0518-y'>doi:10.1007\u002Fs00710-017-0518-y\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1007\u002Fs00710-017-0518-y",{"id":336,"year":337,"html":338,"doi":339},16630829,2023,"Biryukov, Yaroslav P., Zinnatullin, Almaz L., Levashova, Irina O., Shablinskii, Andrey P., Bubnova, Rimma S., Vagizov, Farit G., Ugolkov, Valery L., Filatov, Stanislav K., Pekov, Igor V. (2023) Crystal structure refinement, low- and high-temperature X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy study of the oxoborate ludwigite from the Iten'yurginskoe deposit. \u003Ci>Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials\u003C\u002Fi>,  79 (5) 368-379 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs2052520623006455'>doi:10.1107\u002Fs2052520623006455\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1107\u002Fs2052520623006455",[341,351,358,368,376,384,390,396,403,411,418,425,432,438,445,451,461,467,473,480,487,492,498,504,513,522,532],{"id":342,"source_url":343,"license_code":344,"credit_html":345,"title":346,"description":347,"author":348,"original_width":349,"original_height":350},14852,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9910026","CC BY 3.0","Aangelo, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=9910026\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigite - Brosso, Piemonte, Italia.JPG","Black radiated aggregates of Ludwigite, from Brosso mine (Torino, Piemonte, Italy)","Aangelo",3264,2448,{"id":352,"source_url":353,"license_code":354,"credit_html":355,"title":7,"description":11,"author":11,"original_width":356,"original_height":357},30128,"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F112454","CC BY 4.0","Photo: Unknown author — http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F, courtesy of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgeocollections.info\u002Ffile\u002F112454\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Geology, TalTech\u003C\u002Fa> via Europeana",1000,666,{"id":359,"source_url":360,"license_code":361,"credit_html":362,"title":363,"description":364,"author":365,"original_width":366,"original_height":367},65171,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124410","CC BY-SA 3.0","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10124410\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Forsterite-Ludwigite-34581.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FForsterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Forsterite\">Forsterite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPeridot\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Peridot\">Olivine\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLudwigite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ludwigite\">Ludwigite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sapat Gali (Soppat; Suppat; Sumpat), Manshera, Naran-Kagan Valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKohistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kohistan\">Kohistan District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorth-West_Frontier_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:North-West Frontier Province\">North-West Frontier Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2536.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A fat, and exceptionally well-terminated peridot crystal! Peridot crystals of size are usually somewhat rounded, and to get a crystal of this gemmy, transparent quality, so thick, and with such a wonderfully basal termination, is very uncommon. As an added bonus, it is included by sharp, vertical, crystals of the rare species Ludwigite , which makes for a stark contrast. 2.8 x 2 x 1.1 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Robert M. Lavinsky",564,600,{"id":369,"source_url":370,"license_code":361,"credit_html":371,"title":372,"description":373,"author":365,"original_width":374,"original_height":375},14855,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159936","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159936\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigite-206355.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLudwigite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ludwigite\">Ludwigite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Pomeroy Mine, Georgetown District (Southern Cross District; Cable District), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDeer_Lodge_County,_Montana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Deer Lodge County, Montana\">Deer Lodge County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMontana\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Montana\">Montana\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-164031.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 10.5 x 8.2 x 4.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Another relatively unknown mineral, ludwigite (Mg2Fe3+BO5) typically forms in magnesian iron skarns and contact metamorphic deposits. It forms a series with vonsenite. In this large and rich specimen from the Pomeroy iron mine in Montana, it has formed bright black, radial fibrous aggregates. Old material and a rare Montana piece of some note. Ex. Elling Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",715,750,{"id":377,"source_url":378,"license_code":361,"credit_html":379,"title":380,"description":381,"author":365,"original_width":382,"original_height":383},14856,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165761","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165761\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigite-242641.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLudwigite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ludwigite\">Ludwigite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Alta Stock, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSalt_Lake_County,_Utah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Salt Lake County, Utah\">Salt Lake County\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUtah\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Utah\">Utah\u003C\u002Fa>, USA (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-38373.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 8.9 x 6.1 x 3.8 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Ludwigite is a rare magnesium, iron borate and this old-time specimen is nearly solid ludwigite with just a bit of matrix. Radial aggregates of lustrous, black, metallic, acicular ludwigite crystals cover all surfaces on this piece. This is extremely uncommon material from the Alta Stock of Utah. Highly representative of the species and locale from the Mullane Collection and dates to the 1960s or 1970s.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",744,616,{"id":385,"source_url":386,"license_code":361,"credit_html":387,"title":388,"description":389,"author":365,"original_width":99,"original_height":367},65173,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10138575","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10138575\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Forsterite-Ludwigite-113446.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FForsterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Forsterite\">Forsterite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPeridot\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Peridot\">Olivine\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLudwigite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ludwigite\">Ludwigite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sapat Gali (Soppat; Suppat; Sumpat), Manshera, Naran-Kagan Valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKohistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kohistan\">Kohistan District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorth-West_Frontier_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:North-West Frontier Province\">North-West Frontier Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2536.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 2.7 x 1.8 x 1.2 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Peridot crystals are well-known from this locality, and are usually translucent, but this one is unusually gemmy, with a very uncommon GLASSY face on the display side so that you can see right into the gemmy interior. Weighs 10 grams. The slender, minute inclusions are Ludwigite.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":391,"source_url":392,"license_code":361,"credit_html":393,"title":394,"description":381,"author":365,"original_width":367,"original_height":395},14857,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165763","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10165763\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigite-242642.jpg",446,{"id":397,"source_url":398,"license_code":361,"credit_html":399,"title":400,"description":401,"author":365,"original_width":402,"original_height":375},65174,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159599","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10159599\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigite-203227.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLudwigite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ludwigite\">Ludwigite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOcna_de_Fier\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ocna de Fier\">Ocna de Fier (Vaskö-Moraviţa; Vaskö-Moravicza; Eisenstein)\u003C\u002Fa>, Ocna de Fier-Dognecea District, Banat Mts, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCara%C5%9F-Severin_County\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Caraş-Severin County\">Caras-Severin County\u003C\u002Fa>, Romania (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-5458.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: 4.5 x 3.7 x 2.6 cm.\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Ludwigite is a rare magnesium, iron borate and this rich, old-time specimen is from the Type Locality – Ocna de Fier (Moravica), Banat, Romania. A vein of silvery bright sulfide microcrystals is sandwiched between waxy, black, fibrous ludwigite crystals. Very highly representative of the rare species and Type Locale. Comes with an old, faded, expertly handwritten label. The collection this came out of was a museum stash dating to prior to World War I.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",691,{"id":404,"source_url":405,"license_code":361,"credit_html":406,"title":407,"description":408,"author":365,"original_width":409,"original_height":410},14858,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10418876","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10418876\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigite-Olivine-tt55b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLudwigite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ludwigite\">Ludwigite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOlivine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Olivine\">Olivine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sapat Gali (Soppat; Suppat; Sumpat), Manshera, Naran-Kagan Valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKohistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kohistan\">Kohistan District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorth-West_Frontier_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:North-West Frontier Province\">North-West Frontier Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2536.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: thumbnail, 3.2 x 2.0 x 1.6 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Peridot with Ludwigite inclusions\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This crystal has unusually good, intense lime-green color and internal clarity. You can see inside the needle-like crystals of ludwigite, for which this locality is known. This crystal is unusually equant and 3-dimensional, rather than \"squished\" into 2 dimensions as most Pakistani peridots are, and in form is thus more prismatic and beryl-like. Complete-all-around. Ex. Laura and Stevia Thompson Collection.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",386,400,{"id":412,"source_url":413,"license_code":361,"credit_html":414,"title":415,"description":408,"author":365,"original_width":416,"original_height":417},65175,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10418875","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10418875\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigite-Olivine-tt55a.jpg",510,800,{"id":419,"source_url":420,"license_code":361,"credit_html":421,"title":422,"description":423,"author":365,"original_width":424,"original_height":367},65176,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464800","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464800\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigite-Olivine-t06-333a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLudwigite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ludwigite\">Ludwigite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOlivine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Olivine\">Olivine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Suppat, Kohistan, Pakistan\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 3.4 x 1.8 x 1.2 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Peridot with Ludwigite inclusions\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This forsterite var. peridot crystal is highlighted by rare, acicular crystal inclusions of ludwigite, a rare magnesium, iron, borate. The peridot is transparent, lustrous, and a rich olive green color. The gem weight of this specimen is 15 grams. IN PERSON it is more lime green\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",395,{"id":426,"source_url":427,"license_code":361,"credit_html":428,"title":429,"description":430,"author":365,"original_width":431,"original_height":367},65177,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464812","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464812\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigite-Olivine-t06-337a.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLudwigite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ludwigite\">Ludwigite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOlivine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Olivine\">Olivine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Suppat, Kohistan, Pakistan\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.3 x 2.1 x 1.4 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Peridot with Ludwigite inclusions\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A sharp, well formed, transparent, lustrous, lime-green, peridot crystal has included sprays of acicular, black, ludwigite, a rare magnesium, iron, borate. The peridot is transparent, lustrous, and a rich green color. The gem weight of this specimen is ____ grams. IN PERSON it is very dramatic! the size is also quite good, combined with the sharpness of the termination. This is an exceedingly fine gem crystal for the species with good color, super termination, and a bit of extra interest value - all at what I feel is a really good price.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",417,{"id":433,"source_url":434,"license_code":361,"credit_html":435,"title":436,"description":430,"author":365,"original_width":437,"original_height":410},65178,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464813","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10464813\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigite-Olivine-t06-337b.jpg",320,{"id":439,"source_url":440,"license_code":361,"credit_html":441,"title":442,"description":443,"author":365,"original_width":410,"original_height":444},65179,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10466081","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10466081\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigite-Olivine-t5127b.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLudwigite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ludwigite\">Ludwigite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FOlivine\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Olivine\">Olivine\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sapat Gali (Soppat; Suppat; Sumpat), Manshera, Naran-Kagan Valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKohistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kohistan\">Kohistan District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorth-West_Frontier_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:North-West Frontier Province\">North-West Frontier Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2536.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Size: miniature, 5.2 x 1.4 x 1.1 cm\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdt>Peridot with Ludwigite inclusions\u003C\u002Fdt>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>WOW! This is a super-sharp, transparent, crystal of peridot with EXCEPTIONALLY SHAPR FORM. Most of them, especially large ones , tend to get very rounded for some reason. This is one of the largest sharp crystals I have seen, in fact. It is made more interesting by inclusions of acicular ludwigite, a rare species, that streak throughout the lime-green peridot. Complete all around\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",383,{"id":446,"source_url":447,"license_code":361,"credit_html":448,"title":449,"description":443,"author":365,"original_width":450,"original_height":367},65180,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10466083","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10466083\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigite-Olivine-t5127a.jpg",296,{"id":452,"source_url":453,"license_code":454,"credit_html":455,"title":456,"description":457,"author":458,"original_width":459,"original_height":460},65181,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65498980","CC BY-SA 4.0","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65498980\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigit-1539.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLudwigite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ludwigite\">Ludwigite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Dimensions: 3.5 cm × 3.8 cm × 2.5 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Locality: Brosso Mine, Cálea, Torino Province, Piedmont, Italy\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>Description: Black, radiant-needley Ludwigite crystals from the collection of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBenutzerin:Ra%27ike\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"de:Benutzerin:Ra'ike\">Ra'ike\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Raimond Spekking",4749,3562,{"id":462,"source_url":463,"license_code":454,"credit_html":464,"title":465,"description":457,"author":458,"original_width":466,"original_height":466},65182,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65498993","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65498993\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigit-1540.jpg",4156,{"id":468,"source_url":469,"license_code":454,"credit_html":470,"title":471,"description":457,"author":458,"original_width":472,"original_height":472},65183,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65499000","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65499000\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigit-1543.jpg",4331,{"id":474,"source_url":475,"license_code":454,"credit_html":476,"title":477,"description":457,"author":458,"original_width":478,"original_height":479},65184,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65499013","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65499013\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigit-1544.jpg",5973,4480,{"id":481,"source_url":482,"license_code":454,"credit_html":483,"title":484,"description":457,"author":458,"original_width":485,"original_height":486},65185,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65499017","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65499017\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigit-1548.jpg",5501,4126,{"id":488,"source_url":489,"license_code":454,"credit_html":490,"title":491,"description":457,"author":458,"original_width":478,"original_height":479},65186,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65499027","Raimond Spekking, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=65499027\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Ludwigit-1550.jpg",{"id":493,"source_url":494,"license_code":361,"credit_html":495,"title":496,"description":497,"author":365,"original_width":431,"original_height":367},14853,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10136632","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10136632\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Forsterite-Ludwigite-64390.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FForsterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Forsterite\">Forsterite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPeridot\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Peridot\">Olivine\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLudwigite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ludwigite\">Ludwigite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sapat Gali (Soppat; Suppat; Sumpat), Manshera, Naran-Kagan Valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKohistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kohistan\">Kohistan District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorth-West_Frontier_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:North-West Frontier Province\">North-West Frontier Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2536.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>A sharp, well formed, transparent, lustrous, lime-green, peridot crystal has included sprays of acicular, black, ludwigite, a rare magnesium, iron, borate. The peridot is transparent, lustrous, and a rich green color. The gem weight of this specimen is ____ grams. IN PERSON it is very dramatic! the size is also quite good, combined with the sharpness of the termination. 5.3 x 2.1 x 1.4 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":499,"source_url":500,"license_code":361,"credit_html":501,"title":502,"description":503,"author":365,"original_width":424,"original_height":367},65172,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10136630","Robert M. Lavinsky, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=10136630\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Forsterite-Ludwigite-64389.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FForsterite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Forsterite\">Forsterite\u003C\u002Fa> (Var.: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPeridot\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Peridot\">Olivine\u003C\u002Fa>), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLudwigite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ludwigite\">Ludwigite\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Sapat Gali (Soppat; Suppat; Sumpat), Manshera, Naran-Kagan Valley, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKohistan\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kohistan\">Kohistan District\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNorth-West_Frontier_Province\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:North-West Frontier Province\">North-West Frontier Province\u003C\u002Fa>, Pakistan (\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mindat.org\u002Floc-2536.html\">Locality at mindat.org\u003C\u002Fa>)\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>This forsterite var. peridot crystal is highlighted by rare, acicular crystal inclusions of ludwigite, a rare magnesium, iron, borate. The peridot is transparent, lustrous, and a rich olive green color. The gem weight of this specimen is 15 grams. IN PERSON it is more lime green 3.4 x 1.8 x 1.2 cm\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>",{"id":505,"source_url":506,"license_code":354,"credit_html":507,"title":508,"description":509,"author":510,"original_width":511,"original_height":512},5690,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181778413","AdamStejskal, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=181778413\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Peridot with ludwigite inclusion - faceted gemstone peridot from Pakistan.jpg","faceted gemstone peridot from Pakistan. Peridot with ludwigite inclusion beautifull precise work","AdamStejskal",6960,4640,{"id":514,"source_url":515,"license_code":361,"credit_html":516,"title":517,"description":518,"author":519,"original_width":520,"original_height":521},13592,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=26903940","Pavel M. Kartashov, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=26903940\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kotoite, Ludwigite, Szaibélyite-140414.jpg","\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FKotoite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Kotoite\">Kotoite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLudwigite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Ludwigite\">Ludwigite\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSzaib%C3%A9lyite\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Szaibélyite\">Szaibélyite\u003C\u002Fa> (Specimen size: 6.5 x 4.5 x 2.5 cm)\n\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>\u003Cdl>\u003Cdd>Locality: Nalednoe B Deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia\u003C\u002Fdd>\n\u003Cdd>\u003Ci>Original description:\u003C\u002Fi> Massive coarse-crystalline aggregate of light-grey Kotoite, formed during reaction of B-bearing solutions with layer of pure magnesite. Associating minerals are black fibrous primary Ludwigite and whitish earthy alteration crust (at right) of secondary Szaibelyite. Collected by Nikolai N. Pertsev. Pavel M. Kartashov collection and photo.\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>\u003C\u002Fdd>\u003C\u002Fdl>","Pavel M. Kartashov",827,654,{"id":523,"source_url":524,"license_code":525,"credit_html":526,"title":527,"description":528,"author":529,"original_width":530,"original_height":531},9011,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118201798","CC BY-SA 2.0","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118201798\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Fluoborite on Ludwigite (48002886361).jpg","Norberg, Sweden","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada",4000,6000,{"id":533,"source_url":534,"license_code":525,"credit_html":535,"title":536,"description":537,"author":529,"original_width":530,"original_height":531},13595,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118201677","Pacific Museum of Earth from Canada, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=118201677\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Kotoite with Ludwigite (48002877256).jpg","Iwate Prefecture, Japan",[539,545,550,555],{"id":540,"url":541,"label":542,"formula":543,"spacegroup":544,"year":337},7903,"\u002Fcif\u002F7903.cif","Biryukov 2023","Mg3.473 Fe2.367 Al.16 B2 O10","P b a m",{"id":546,"url":547,"label":548,"formula":549,"spacegroup":544,"year":308},7904,"\u002Fcif\u002F7904.cif","Brovkin 2002","Mg3.976 Fe1.404 Ti.42 Al.2 B2 O10",{"id":551,"url":552,"label":553,"formula":554,"spacegroup":544,"year":304},7905,"\u002Fcif\u002F7905.cif","Holtstam 2001","Mg3.91 Fe1.11 Mn.54 Al.44 B2 O10",{"id":556,"url":557,"label":558,"formula":559,"spacegroup":544,"year":293},7906,"\u002Fcif\u002F7906.cif","Irwin 1999","Mg1.707 Fe1.214 Al.08 B O5",[561,562],"Collbranite","Magnesioludwigite",[564,568,572,576,579,583,587,590,594,598,601,605,609,613],{"lang":565,"names":566},"ca",[567],"ludwigita",{"lang":569,"names":570},"de",[571],"Ludwigit",{"lang":573,"names":574},"es",[575],"Ludwigita",{"lang":577,"names":578},"eu",[575],{"lang":580,"names":581},"fa",[582],"لودویژیت",{"lang":584,"names":585},"fr",[586],"ludwigite",{"lang":588,"names":589},"it",[7],{"lang":591,"names":592},"ja",[593],"ルドウィヒ石",{"lang":595,"names":596},"nl",[597],"ludwigiet",{"lang":599,"names":600},"pl",[571],{"lang":602,"names":603},"ta",[604],"உலுத்விகைட்டு",{"lang":606,"names":607},"uk",[608],"Людвігіт",{"lang":610,"names":611},"zh",[612],"硼镁铁矿",{"lang":614,"names":615},"zh-cn",[612],"Q2424234",{"history":11,"applications":11}]