[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"minerals:one:2526":3},{"id":4,"longid":5,"guid":6,"name":7,"shortcode_ima":8,"entrytype":9,"entrytype_text":10,"varietyof":11,"synid":8,"polytypeof":8,"groupid":8,"weighting":12,"nolocadd":13,"blacklisted":13,"mindat_formula":14,"mindat_formula_note":8,"ima_formula":8,"elements":15,"sigelements":20,"key_elements":8,"impurities":8,"cim":8,"ima_status":8,"ima_notes":8,"ima_history":8,"approval_year":8,"publication_year":8,"discovery_year":8,"strunz10ed1":21,"strunz10ed2":21,"strunz10ed3":21,"strunz10ed4":8,"dana8ed1":21,"dana8ed2":21,"dana8ed3":21,"dana8ed4":21,"csystem":8,"cclass":8,"spacegroup":8,"spacegroupset":21,"a":8,"b":8,"c":8,"alpha":8,"beta":8,"gamma":8,"aerror":8,"berror":8,"cerror":8,"alphaerror":8,"betaerror":8,"gammaerror":8,"va3":8,"z":8,"csmetamict":13,"commentcrystal":8,"twinning":8,"tranglide":8,"parting":8,"epitaxidescription":8,"morphology":8,"tlform":8,"hmin":8,"hmax":8,"hardtype":8,"vhnmin":21,"vhnmax":21,"vhnerror":8,"vhng":8,"vhns":8,"commenthard":8,"dmeas":21,"dmeas2":21,"dcalc":21,"dmeaserror":8,"dcalcerror":8,"commentdense":8,"lustre":8,"lustretype":8,"commentluster":8,"diapheny":8,"streak":8,"colour":8,"commentcolor":8,"colors":8,"streak_colors":8,"luminescence":8,"uv":8,"cleavage":8,"cleavagetype":8,"fracturetype":8,"tenacity":8,"commentbreak":8,"opticaltype":8,"opticalsign":8,"opticalalpha":8,"opticalalpha2":21,"opticalalphaerror":8,"opticalbeta":8,"opticalbeta2":21,"opticalbetaerror":8,"opticalgamma":8,"opticalgamma2":21,"opticalgammaerror":8,"opticalomega":8,"opticalomega2":21,"opticalomegaerror":8,"opticalepsilon":8,"opticalepsilon2":21,"opticalepsilonerror":8,"opticaln":8,"opticaln2":8,"opticalnerror":8,"optical2vcalc":8,"optical2vcalc2":8,"optical2vcalcerror":8,"optical2vmeasured":8,"optical2vmeasured2":8,"optical2vmeasurederror":8,"rimin":8,"rimax":8,"opticaldispersion":8,"opticalpleochroism":8,"opticalpleochorismdesc":8,"opticalbirefringence":8,"opticalcomments":8,"opticalcolour":8,"opticalinternal":8,"opticaltropic":8,"opticalanisotropism":8,"opticalbireflectance":8,"opticalextinction":8,"opticalr":8,"specdispm":8,"ir":8,"electrical":8,"magnetism":8,"thermalbehaviour":8,"other":8,"industrial":8,"occurrence":8,"otheroccurrence":8,"type_specimen_store":8,"description_short":8,"aboutname":8,"rock_parent":8,"rock_parent2":8,"rock_root":22,"rock_bgs_code":8,"meteoritical_code":8,"updttime":23,"reviewed_at":8,"variety_of":24,"varieties":34,"group_members":35,"associates":36,"confused_with":60,"type_localities":61,"occurrence_total":62,"citations":63,"images":78,"structures":89,"synonyms":90,"language_names":108,"wikidata_qid":8,"texts":109},2526,"1:1:2526:9","607586be-3ac2-4cc1-ac1f-c82f637cd84c","Manganese-bearing Calcite",null,2,"variety",859,17227,false,"(Ca,Mn)CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",[16,17,18,19],"Ca","Mn","O","C",[16,18,19],"0",0,"2025-08-11 12:14:21",{"id":11,"name":25,"entrytype":22,"csystem":26,"ima_formula":27,"mindat_formula":28,"hmin":29,"hmax":29,"dmeas":30,"dcalc":31,"strunz10ed1":32,"primary_image_id":33},"Calcite","Trigonal","Ca(CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)","CaCO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>",3,"2.7102","2.711","5",4401,[],[],[37,47,55],{"id":38,"name":39,"entrytype":22,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":41,"mindat_formula":42,"hmin":43,"hmax":43,"dmeas":44,"dcalc":45,"primary_image_id":46},3315,"Pyrobelonite","Orthorhombic","PbMn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(OH)","PbMn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>(VO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)",3.5,"5.58","5.82",20255,{"id":48,"name":49,"entrytype":22,"csystem":40,"ima_formula":50,"mindat_formula":50,"hmin":51,"hmax":51,"dmeas":52,"dcalc":53,"primary_image_id":54},3913,"Tephroite","Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>(SiO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>)",6,"3.87","4.15",30817,{"id":56,"name":57,"entrytype":9,"csystem":8,"ima_formula":8,"mindat_formula":58,"hmin":43,"hmax":59,"dmeas":8,"dcalc":8,"primary_image_id":8},43523,"Vorhauserite","(Mg,Mn)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>(Si\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>)(OH)\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>",4,[],[],326,[64,69,74],{"id":65,"year":66,"html":67,"doi":68},4904725,1947,"Schulman, James H., Evans, Lyle W., Ginther, Robert J., Murata, K. J. (1947) The Sensitized Luminescence of Manganese‐Activated Calcite. \u003Ci>Journal of Applied Physics\u003C\u002Fi>, 18 (8). 732-739 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1063\u002F1.1697831'>doi:10.1063\u002F1.1697831\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1063\u002F1.1697831",{"id":70,"year":71,"html":72,"doi":73},288047,1993,"El Ali, Ahmad; Barbin, Vincent; Calas, Georges; Cervelle, Bernard; Ramseyer, Karl; Bouroulec, Jacqueline (1993) Mn\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>-activated luminescence in dolomite, calcite and magnesite: quantitative determination of manganese and site distribution by EPR and CL spectroscopy. \u003Ci>Chemical Geology\u003C\u002Fi>,  104 (1-4). 189-202 \u003Ca target='_blank' href='https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0009-2541(93)90150-h'>doi:10.1016\u002F0009-2541(93)90150-h\u003C\u002Fa>","10.1016\u002F0009-2541(93)90150-h",{"id":75,"year":76,"html":77,"doi":8},16114410,2007,"Polgári, M., Bajnóczi, B., Götze, J., and Vígh, T. (2007) Cathodoluminescence behaviour of Mn-rich carbonates. Goldschmidt 2007 Conference, 20-24 August, Cologne, Germany, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 71, no. 15., Special Supplement, A801.",[79],{"id":80,"source_url":81,"license_code":82,"credit_html":83,"title":84,"description":85,"author":86,"original_width":87,"original_height":88},63393,"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=55512562","CC BY-SA 4.0","RichMarcHarris, via \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002F?curid=55512562\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003C\u002Fa>","Manganocalcite with Kutnohorite.jpg","Manganocalcite with Kutnohorite from the N'Chwaning II mine","RichMarcHarris",1489,2270,[],[91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107],"Calcimangite","Calciodadochit","Calcite-rhodochrosite","Calcium-Rhodochrosite","Calciumrhodochrosit","Calciumrhodochrosita","Kalkmanganspat","Manganiferous Calcite","Mangankalkspat","Manganoan Calcite","Manganocalcit","Manganocalcita","Manganocalcite","Manganokalzit","Spartait","Spartaita","Spartaite",[],{"history":110,"applications":114},{"markdown":111,"model_version":112,"prompt_version":113,"reviewed_at":8},"The name says exactly what the mineral is. **Manganese-bearing calcite** is plain calcite — calcium carbonate — in which some of the calcium atoms have been quietly swapped out for manganese. The swap leaves the crystal structure intact but tints the stone anywhere from pale peach to a saturated blush pink. Older mineralogical literature calls the same material *manganoan calcite* or *manganocalcite*; all three names point at the same compositional variety.\n\nThe variety was first reported from the Banská Štiavnica mining district in present-day Slovakia[1], a silver and base-metal area whose ore veins carry pink carbonate alongside the more familiar white calcite. No formal type description by a named mineralogist circulates in the modern reference literature, and the early-19th-century paper trail is thin. What the sources are confident about is the locality, not the discoverer.\n\nManganese-bearing calcite sits on a continuous chemical bridge between two species. At one end is ordinary calcite, CaCO₃. At the other is rhodochrosite, MnCO₃ — a rose-red manganese carbonate. As Mn²⁺ ions take the place of Ca²⁺ in the lattice, the colour shifts redder.\\\nThe species name shifts with it. The intermediate composition is named kutnohorite; beyond that, the material is rhodochrosite outright[2]. The variety name *manganese-bearing calcite* covers the lower-manganese stretch of that bridge, where the host is still calcite.\n\nThe mineral's behaviour under ultraviolet (UV) light drew sustained attention in the mid-20th century. A 1947 paper by Schulman, Evans, Ginther and Murata, in the *Journal of Applied Physics*, pinned down the mechanism. The manganese ion is what makes calcite glow: the Mn²⁺ centre absorbs incoming energy and re-emits it as a characteristic orange light[3].\\\nPure manganese-bearing calcite responds poorly to UV on its own, but couples readily to a cathode-ray beam. A trace of lead, thallium or cerium added as an *auxiliary impurity* makes the material respond strongly under standard UV lamps too[3]. The mechanism the authors named — *sensitized luminescence* — became a working concept in carbonate spectroscopy.","claude-opus-4-7","1.7.0",{"markdown":115,"model_version":112,"prompt_version":113,"reviewed_at":8},"Manganese-bearing calcite has no industrial role of its own. The variety is too small a slice of the wider calcite supply to drive a separate market.\\\nBulk industries that consume calcite — cement, lime, fillers, soil amendments — do not sort it from ordinary calcite at the quarry. Where the mineral earns its place today is in two narrow registers: mineral collecting and laboratory science.\n\nThe collector market is the larger of the two. Specimens prized as **pink mangano calcite** travel out of three regions in particular: the N'Chwaning mines in the Kalahari Manganese Field of South Africa, the Erma Reka district of Bulgaria's Madan ore belt, and the Huanggang mines of Inner Mongolia[1].\\\nThey are sold as cabinet pieces — soft pastel-pink rhombs, sometimes coupled with manganite or hausmannite. A portion of the Chinese material is marketed specifically for its red-orange glow under ultraviolet (UV) light[1].\n\nThe scientific role rests on the same luminescence property. Manganese-bearing calcite is a working reference material in **cathodoluminescence microscopy**, a method in which a focused electron beam excites a mineral and the colour of the emission reports its trace chemistry.\\\nMn²⁺ in calcite produces a characteristic orange emission near 620 nanometres. The signal is sensitive enough to map manganese variations down to the parts-per-billion range[2]. Sedimentary petrologists read it to reconstruct the growth history of carbonate cements; geochemists use it to fingerprint Mn-bearing carbonate phases that ordinary microscopy cannot resolve."]